單元提升卷05選必一Unit5WorkingtheLand

單元提升卷05Unit5WorkingtheLand單元基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)鞏固Ⅰ.核心單詞1._______________________ n.不足;缺少;短缺2._______________________ vt.解決(難題);應(yīng)付(局面);處理3._______________________ n.現(xiàn)實(shí);實(shí)際情況;事實(shí)4._______________________ vt.使相信;使確信;說(shuō)服5._______________________ n.假定;設(shè)定;(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān);(權(quán)利的)獲得6._______________________ vt.(通常經(jīng)過(guò)努力)獲得;得到7._______________________ vt.克服;解決;戰(zhàn)勝8._______________________ adj.熱切的;十分強(qiáng)烈的;激烈的9._______________________ vt.產(chǎn)生;引起10._______________________ adj.完全必要的;極其重要的Ⅱ.拓展單詞1.devotevt.把……獻(xiàn)(給);把……專用于;專心于→_______________________adj.專心的→_______________________n.獻(xiàn)身,熱愛(ài)2.deepadj.深的→_______________________n.向下(或向里)的距離;深(度)3.expandv.擴(kuò)大;發(fā)展→_______________________n.擴(kuò)大,發(fā)展4.conventionn.慣例;常規(guī);習(xí)俗→_______________________adj.習(xí)慣的,傳統(tǒng)的5.charactern.個(gè)性;品質(zhì);字符;人物→____________________n.特征;特點(diǎn);品質(zhì)adj.典型的;獨(dú)特的6.estimatevt.估計(jì)→_______________________n.估算;估價(jià)7.consumev.消費(fèi)→_______________________n.消費(fèi)→_______________________n.消費(fèi)者8.nutritionn.營(yíng)養(yǎng);滋養(yǎng)→___________________adj.有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的→___________________adj.營(yíng)養(yǎng)(物)的9.digestv.消化→_______________________n.消化;領(lǐng)悟10.entireadj.整個(gè)的;完全的;全部的→_____________________adv.完全地;全然地;整個(gè)地III.核心短語(yǔ)1._______________________把……用于;獻(xiàn)身;致力;專心2._______________________ 包括;由……組成(或構(gòu)成)

3._______________________ 在內(nèi)心深處;本質(zhì)上;實(shí)際上

4._______________________ 相應(yīng)地;轉(zhuǎn)而;依次;輪流

5._______________________ 例如;比如

6._______________________ 轉(zhuǎn)向

7._______________________ 使……免受(影響、傷害等)

8._______________________ 擴(kuò)大成/發(fā)展成為……

9._______________________通過(guò)不懈的努力10._______________________ 幾乎相反,遠(yuǎn)非;遠(yuǎn)離

Ⅰ.核心單詞1.shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺2.tackle vt.解決(難題);應(yīng)付(局面);處理3.reality n.現(xiàn)實(shí);實(shí)際情況;事實(shí)4.convince vt.使相信;使確信;說(shuō)服5.assumption n.假定;設(shè)定;(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān);(權(quán)利的)獲得6.attain vt.(通常經(jīng)過(guò)努力)獲得;得到7.overe vt.克服;解決;戰(zhàn)勝8.intense adj.熱切的;十分強(qiáng)烈的;激烈的9.generate vt.產(chǎn)生;引起10.essential adj.完全必要的;極其重要的Ⅱ.拓展單詞1.devotevt.把……獻(xiàn)(給);把……專用于;專心于→devotedadj.專心的→devotionn.獻(xiàn)身,熱愛(ài)2.deepadj.深的→depthn.向下(或向里)的距離;深(度)3.expandv.擴(kuò)大;發(fā)展→expansionn.擴(kuò)大,發(fā)展4.conventionn.慣例;常規(guī);習(xí)俗→conventionaladj.習(xí)慣的,傳統(tǒng)的5.charactern.個(gè)性;品質(zhì);字符;人物→characteristicn.特征;特點(diǎn);品質(zhì)adj.典型的;獨(dú)特的6.estimatevt.估計(jì)→estimationn.估算;估價(jià)7.consumev.消費(fèi)→consumptionn.消費(fèi)→consumern.消費(fèi)者8.nutritionn.營(yíng)養(yǎng);滋養(yǎng)→nutritiousadj.有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的→nutritionaladj.營(yíng)養(yǎng)(物)的9.digestv.消化→digestionn.消化;領(lǐng)悟10.entireadj.整個(gè)的;完全的;全部的→entirelyadv.完全地;全然地;整個(gè)地III.核心短語(yǔ)1.devote...to把……用于;獻(xiàn)身;致力;專心2.beprisedof 包括;由……組成(或構(gòu)成)

3.deepdown 在內(nèi)心深處;本質(zhì)上;實(shí)際上

4.inturn 相應(yīng)地;轉(zhuǎn)而;依次;輪流

5.forinstance 例如;比如

6.turnto 轉(zhuǎn)向

7.keep...from... 使……免受(影響、傷害等)

8.expandinto... 擴(kuò)大成/發(fā)展成為……

9.throughintenseeffort

通過(guò)不懈的努力10.farfrom 幾乎相反,遠(yuǎn)非;遠(yuǎn)離

一、單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(essential),wearetalkingabouttheworldwarperiod.2．Thepany,NewEnglandElectric,burnscoal(generate)power.3．Itisunwiseto(estimate)youropponent’sstrengthandintelligence.4．Thewastewaterfromthenearbyfactoryhastobe(chemical)treated.5．Peopletendtohaveapreferencefor(organic)grownvegetables.6．Agriculturecouldbeethegrowthengineforhungerreductionandpoverty(alleviate).7．SomedifferencesbetweenChineseandforeignsocialmedia(root)incultureandlanguage.8．Childrenwithpoornutritionaresupposedtoeatfoodrichinvitaminsand(mineral).9．ThereisagreatdemandforvolunteersinAfricabecausemanypeoplelivein(poor).10．Sofar,asurveyoftheBritishdiet(reveal)thatagrowingnumberofpeopleareoverweight.11．We’relookingforaheadmaster,onewhowilldevotehimself(entire)tothecauseofeducation.12．Allhertimedevotedto(do)experiments,shehasnotimeforentertainment.13．Thepathextendedintothe(deep)oftheforest.14．Ifyouareinneedofan(extend)ofthedeadline,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.15．In(real),manywomenareforcedtomakeachoicebetweenfamilyandcareer.16．Peopleonlybeetrue(celebrity)whentheymaintainahighprofilebothintheirprofessionalandprivatelives.17．Althoughthefuel(consume)isgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.18．Eventhoughourearthisrichinwaterresource,thereisstilla(short)ofwaterinmanyplacesbecauseoceanwatercan’tbeuseddirectly.19．Theteacher’sselfless(devote)tothecauseofeducationiswellknown,andallherstudentsrespectandloveher.20．Theymighthelpreduceenergy(consume).21．Asshewrote,shecouldsmellthe(salt)air,hearthecrashingwavesandfeelthepullofthesandbeneathherfeet.22．After(graduate)fromcollege,hewenttotheUnitedStatesforfurtherstudy.23．It(estimate)thattheprojectwilllastfouryears.24．Iyieldedtemptationandhadachocolatebar.25．causedtheaccidenttohappenhasn’tbeenmadeclearyet.26．remainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate.27．wesucceedorfaildependsonoureffortandperseverance.28．VisitorsgototheGettythinkingtheyarevisitingamuseumwithworksofartontheinside.theydiscoverinsteadisaworkofartwithamuseuminside.29．ItisnotclearMichaelwillgocampingontheweekend.30．wecangetintouchwithhimisthemostimportant.1．Essentially【詳解】考查副詞。句意：本質(zhì)上，我們正在談?wù)摰氖鞘澜绱髴?zhàn)時(shí)期?？瞻滋幾鳡钫Z(yǔ)，應(yīng)使用副詞。essential的副詞形式是essentially，故填Essentially。2．togenerate【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這家名為新英格蘭電力公司的公司通過(guò)燒煤發(fā)電?？仗幈硎灸康模褂脛?dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故填togenerate。3．underestimate【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞和構(gòu)詞法。句意：低估你的對(duì)手的實(shí)力和智力是不明智的?！癐t’s+形容詞+todo…”，因此，這里填動(dòng)詞原形。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，這里的動(dòng)詞表示“低估”含義，“estimate”，動(dòng)詞，意為“估計(jì)”，應(yīng)在“estimate”前加上前綴under（表示“不足，不夠”），即“underestimate”，意為“低估”。故填underestimate。4．chemically【詳解】考查副詞。句意：附近工廠排出的廢水必須經(jīng)過(guò)化學(xué)處理。副詞chemically，作狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞。故填chemically。5．organically【詳解】考查副詞。句意：人們傾向于偏愛(ài)有機(jī)蔬菜。副詞organically作狀語(yǔ)修飾形容詞grown。故填organically。6．a(chǎn)lleviation【詳解】考查名詞。句意：農(nóng)業(yè)可以成為減少饑餓和減輕貧困的增長(zhǎng)引擎。不可數(shù)名詞alleviation作賓語(yǔ)。故填alleviation。7．a(chǎn)rerooted【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：中國(guó)和外國(guó)社交媒體之間的一些差異源于文化和語(yǔ)言。短語(yǔ)berootedin表示“源于”，句子陳述事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為differences，be動(dòng)詞使用are。故填arerooted。8．minerals【詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的孩子應(yīng)該吃富含維生素和礦物質(zhì)的食物?？仗幾鹘樵~in的賓語(yǔ)。mineral意為“礦物質(zhì)”，這里表示不止一種，且其前沒(méi)有限定詞修飾，所以應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，即在mineral后加s。故填minerals。9．poverty【詳解】考查名詞。句意：非洲對(duì)志愿者的需求很大，因?yàn)樵S多人生活在貧困中。分析句意再根據(jù)空格前的介詞in可知，此處用提示詞的名詞形式poverty作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)。故填poverty。10．hasrevealed【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：到目前為止，一項(xiàng)關(guān)于英國(guó)飲食的調(diào)查顯示，越來(lái)越多的人超重。根據(jù)Sofar可知，本句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)asurveyoftheBritishdiet，謂語(yǔ)為hasrevealed。故填hasrevealed。11．entirely【詳解】考查副詞。句意：我們正在尋找一位校長(zhǎng)，一個(gè)要完全致力于教育事業(yè)的人。設(shè)空處作狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞devote，用副詞entirely，表示“完全地”。故填entirely。12．doing【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：由于她所有的時(shí)間都用于做實(shí)驗(yàn)，她沒(méi)有時(shí)間娛樂(lè)。devoteone’stimetodoingsth.“把時(shí)間花在做某事上”，所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)使用do“做”的動(dòng)名詞形式，作賓語(yǔ)。故填doing。13．depths【詳解】考查名詞。句意：小路一直延伸到森林深處。由設(shè)空處前后的“the...of”結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處是中心詞，應(yīng)用名詞形式。depth“最深處”，可數(shù)名詞，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，thedepthsoftheforest意為“森林深處”。故填depths。14．extension【詳解】考查名詞。句意：如果你需要延長(zhǎng)截止日期，簡(jiǎn)單地向教授解釋一下情況。根據(jù)設(shè)空處前面的an和后面的of可知此處應(yīng)填名詞，和of后面的名詞形成所屬關(guān)系。故填extension。15．reality【詳解】考查名詞。句意：在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，許多婦女被迫在家庭和事業(yè)之間做出選擇。空格處用名詞作賓語(yǔ)，real的名詞是reality，意為“現(xiàn)實(shí)”，inreality是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，實(shí)際上”，因此空格處是reality。故填reality。16．celebrities【詳解】考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意：只有在職業(yè)和私人生活中都保持高調(diào)的人才能成為真正的名人。由they可知，空格處用復(fù)數(shù)celebrities，故填celebrities。17．consumption【詳解】考查名詞的用法。句意：盡管在北半球消耗的燃料更多，那里的溫度似乎卻在下降。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處需要一個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，consume是動(dòng)詞，需要轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞形式。consumption是consume的名詞形式，意為“消耗”，符合句意。故填consumption。18．shortage【詳解】考查名詞。句意：盡管我們的地球水資源豐富，但在許多地方仍然缺水，因?yàn)楹Ｋ荒苤苯邮褂?。a后跟可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，short的名詞是shortage，意為“短缺”，作主語(yǔ)，ashortageof(缺乏)。故填shortage。19．devotion【詳解】考查名詞。句意：這位老師對(duì)教育事業(yè)的無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)眾所周知，她所有的學(xué)生都尊敬和愛(ài)戴她。selfless是形容詞，空格處需填名詞，作句子主語(yǔ)，devote是動(dòng)詞，其名詞形式是devotion，意為“奉獻(xiàn)”，符合句意。故填devotion。20．consumption【詳解】考查名詞。句意：他們可能會(huì)幫助減少能源消耗。根據(jù)空前的動(dòng)詞reduce可知設(shè)空處與名詞energy構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ),作動(dòng)詞reduce的賓語(yǔ)，energyconsumption表示“能源消耗”，故填名詞consumption。21．salty【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：當(dāng)她寫作的時(shí)候，她能聞到帶咸味的空氣，聽(tīng)到海浪的撞擊聲,感覺(jué)到腳下沙子的拉力。設(shè)空處作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞air表示“咸的”用形容詞形式。故填salty。22．graduating/graduation【詳解】考查名詞和動(dòng)名詞。句意：大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，他去了美國(guó)深造。根據(jù)空前After為介詞可知，此處為動(dòng)名詞或者名詞形式，構(gòu)成介賓短語(yǔ)，滿足句子結(jié)構(gòu)。故填graduating/graduation。23．isestimated【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：據(jù)估計(jì)，這項(xiàng)工程將持續(xù)四年。陳述客觀事實(shí)，使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，it作形式主語(yǔ)，that從句為真正主語(yǔ)，it和estimate之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為it，be動(dòng)詞用is，Itisestimatedthat...為固定句型，意為“據(jù)估計(jì)”。故填isestimated。24．to【詳解】考查介詞。句意：我抵不住誘惑，吃了一塊巧克力。短語(yǔ)yieldto表示“屈服于”。故填to。25．What【詳解】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：事故發(fā)生的原因還沒(méi)有弄清楚。空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，應(yīng)用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)從句，置于句首，首字母應(yīng)大寫，故填What。26．What【詳解】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：重要的是，我們有一種難以置信的渴望去思考和創(chuàng)造?？仗幰龑?dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，使用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)，首字母應(yīng)大寫，故填What。27．Whether【詳解】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們的成功或失敗取決于我們的努力和毅力?？仗幰龑?dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，結(jié)合句意及“ornot”可知此處使用whether...ornot引導(dǎo)，表示“是否”，首字母應(yīng)大寫，故填Whether28．What【詳解】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：游客們來(lái)到Getty博物館，以為自己是在參觀一個(gè)里面有藝術(shù)品的博物館。相反，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的是一件內(nèi)部有博物館的藝術(shù)品。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，“________theydiscoverinstead”是主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少動(dòng)詞discover的賓語(yǔ)，指物，用what，“什么”的意思，首字母大寫。故填What。29．whether【詳解】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：邁克爾周末是否去露營(yíng)還不清楚。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句，意為“是否”用whether。此處it為形式主語(yǔ)，whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句為真正的主語(yǔ)。故填whether。30．How【詳解】考查主語(yǔ)從句連接詞。句意：我們?cè)鯓硬拍芎退〉寐?lián)系是最重要的?？仗幰龑?dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，從句中結(jié)構(gòu)完整，應(yīng)該用連接副詞，根據(jù)句意，表達(dá)“怎樣”之意，用how引導(dǎo)，位于句首，首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填How。高考能力提升二、閱讀理解ATherearemanyscientificbreakthroughsmadebywomenintheAntarctic.HerearefourlandmarksinAntarcticaandthefemalepioneersthey’renamedafter.JonesTerraceTheicefreeterraceineasternAntarctica’sVictoriaLandbearsJones’name.In1969,geochemistLoisM.JonesledthefirstallfemaleresearchteamfromtheU.S.toworkinAntarctica.JonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweatheringintheMcMurdoDryValleys,anicefreeareaofAntarctica.Throughchemicalanalysesofrockstheyhadcollected,Jonesandherteamdiscoveredmanygeochemicalcharacteristicsofthevalley’sicecoveredlakes.MountFiennes8,202foothighMountFiennes,locatedonAntarctica’slargestisland—AlexanderIsland—isnamedafterGinnyFiennes.Sheestablishedandmaintained80foottallradiotowersintheAntarcticwithhercolleagues.In1985,FiennesbecamethefirstfemaleinvitedtojointheAntarcticClub,aBritishsupperclubopentoindividualswhohavespentextendedtimeintheAntarcticregion.FrancisPeakThe3,727foottallpeakonAntarctica’sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchinstituteoftheUK.HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.PedenCliffsPedenCliffsnearAntarctica’sMarieByrdLandareproofofthelaborofIrenePeden.ShewasthefirstAmericanfemalescientisttobothliveandworkintheAntarctic,wheresheusedradiowavestostudyicesheets.Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequencyradiowavespreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.31．Whatdothefirsttwopioneershaveinmon?A．TheyanalyzeddifferentchemicalsofrocksinAntarctica.B．TheybothworkedwiththeirownteaminAntarctica.C．TheyconductedtheresearchintheicefreeareasinAntarctica.D．TheyjoinedtheAntarcticClubfortheirstayinAntarctica.32．WhoprovedtheprevioushighertemperaturesoftheAntarctic?A．LoisM.Jones. B．GinnyFiennes.C．DameJaneFrancis. D．IrenePeden.33．WhatisthescientificbreakthroughofIrenePeden?A．ShewasthefirstAmericanscientisttoexploretheAntarctic.B．Shemeasuredthespreadingfrequenciesofradiowaves.C．ShefoundoutthethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.D．ShediscoveredalotoficecoveredlakesintheAntarctic.BItwasinabrightlylitroominMexicoCity,Mexico,thatonJune18,2014itwasannouncedthatIndiabornDrSanjayaRajaramhadbeennamedthewinneroftheWorldFoodPrize.DrRajaramwonthisawardforsuccessfullycrossbreeding(雜交)thewinterandspringwheat(小麥)varieties,whichhavebeentwodistinctandisolatedgenepools(分離的基因庫(kù))sincethebeginningoffarming.Andbecauseofthisbreakthrough,thescientisthasbeenabletobreedover480wheatvarieties.BorninVaranasiin1943,DrRajaramlivedwithhisfamilyoffaplotoflandgrowingwheat,riceandmaize.“AftermyeducationhereinIndia,IwentofftoAustraliaformyPhDandsoonIjoinedCIMMYT(theInternationalMaizeandWheatImprovementCentre)inMexico,wheremycareerasaplantbreederstarted,”saidDrRajaram.“Everycountryisunique—thereareclimatesystems,culture,thefinancialsituationandeachofthenationsIvisitedneededadifferentsetofsolutions,”saidDrRajaram.Hissolutionsbecamepartofwhatiswidelydescribedastheworld’sfirst“wheatnetwork”,aglobalexchangeof“geneticinformationandinnovationsamongresearchers”.Hisvarietiesofwheatwerestronginnutrition,delayed(延遲)theattackofsomeplantdiseasesandwereabletosurvivetheseverestofconditions.Afternearlyhalfacenturyinthefield,DrRajaramsaidhisworkwasstillnotfinished.“Inscience,youneverstoplearning.IhavebeendoingthisallmylifeandI’veneverreallyhadtimeforanythingelse.Asfarashobbiesgo,well,there’sabitofmusicIliketolistentoandthat’sprettymuchit.Ihavebeenonalongjourneyofpushingtheboundaries(邊界)ofwhat’spossibleandtoday,there’sstillworkleft.Learningmustneverstopandtheworldmustnotgohungry.”34．WhywasDrRajaramawardedtheWorldFoodPrize?A．Heimprovedseveralwheatvarietiesgenetically.B．Hecrossbredthewinterandspringwheatvarieties.C．Hesuccessfullybredtwowheatvarieties.D．Hefoundthedifferencebetweenthewinterandspringwheatvarieties.35．WhendidDrRajaramstarttoworkonplantbreeding?A．DuringhiscollegeyearsinIndia.B．WhiledoinghisPhDinAustralia.C．AfterbeingamemberofCIMMYTinMexico.D．Whilelivingwithhisfamilynearwheatgrowingland.36．WhatisoneadvantageofthewheatvarietiesdevelopedbyDrRajaram?A．Theycanbeplantedinanyseason.B．Theyarefreefromtheattackofsomepantdiseases.C．Theycangrowwellinterribleenvironments.D．Theycangrowtallerthantraditionalones.37．WhatcanwelearnaboutDrRajaramfromthelastparagraph?A．Hewastoobusywithworktodevelopanyhobby.B．Hewasn’tsatisfiedwiththeresultsofhisresearch.C．Heplannedtodoresearchinanewfieldofscience.D．Hemadehismindtoworkonworldfoodproblems.31．B32．C33．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了四位女性在探索南極洲方面取得的成就。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“In1969,geochemistLoisM.JonesledthefirstallfemaleresearchteamfromtheU.S.toworkinAntarctica.JonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweatheringintheMcMurdoDryValleys,anicefreeareaofAntarctica.(1969年，地球化學(xué)家LoisM.Jones帶領(lǐng)美國(guó)第一個(gè)全女性研究小組在南極洲工作。Jones和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)研究了南極洲無(wú)冰地區(qū)麥克默多干谷的化學(xué)風(fēng)化作用。)”和第三段的“Sheestablishedandmaintained80foottallradiotowersintheAntarcticwithhercolleagues.(她和同事們?cè)谀蠘O建立并維護(hù)了80英尺高的無(wú)線電發(fā)射塔。)”可知，LoisM.Jones領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了第一個(gè)在南極洲工作的美國(guó)全女性研究小組，GinnyFiennes和她的同事們一起在南極洲建立和維護(hù)無(wú)線電發(fā)射塔。由此可知，前兩位先驅(qū)的共同之處在于她們都和自己的團(tuán)隊(duì)一起在南極洲工作。故選B。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“The3,727foottallpeakonAntarctica’sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchinstituteoftheUK.HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.(這座位于南極洲阿德萊德島上的3727英尺高的山峰是以DameJaneFrancis的名字命名的，她是英國(guó)南極調(diào)查局的第一位女性主任。她在西摩島收集的化石幫助她在2021年的一篇論文中得出結(jié)論：南極洲豐富的植物化石表明，該大陸曾經(jīng)有過(guò)比現(xiàn)在溫暖得多的氣候。)”可知，DameJaneFrancis根據(jù)在西摩島收集的化石得出結(jié)論，南極洲曾經(jīng)的氣候比現(xiàn)在暖和得多，因此DameJaneFrancis證明了南極以前的高溫。故選C。33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequencyradiowavespreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.(Peden和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)通過(guò)測(cè)量冰中的路徑來(lái)確定低頻無(wú)線電波是如何在極長(zhǎng)距離傳播的。她們還使用不同的無(wú)線電波頻率來(lái)測(cè)量南極洲冰蓋的厚度。)”可知，IrenePeden利用無(wú)線電波得出南極洲冰蓋的厚度。故選C。34．B35．C36．C37．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了小麥育種專家SanjayaRajaram成功培育出冬春雜交小麥品種，獲得世界糧食獎(jiǎng)。34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ItwasinabrightlylitroominMexicoCity,Mexico,thatonJune18,2014itwasannouncedthatIndiabornDrSanjayaRajaramhadbeennamedthewinneroftheWorldFoodPrize.(2014年6月18日，在墨西哥墨西哥城一個(gè)燈火通明的房間里，印度出生的SanjayaRajaram博士被宣布為世界糧食獎(jiǎng)獲得者)”以及第二段“DrRajaramwonthisawardforsuccessfullycrossbreeding(雜交)thewinterandspringwheat(小麥)varieties,(Rajaram博士因成功雜交冬小麥和春小麥品種而獲得該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng))”可知，SanjayaRajaram博士被授予世界糧食獎(jiǎng)，是因?yàn)樗s交了冬小麥和春小麥品種。故選B。35．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“AftermyeducationhereinIndia,IwentofftoAustraliaformyPhDandsoonIjoinedCIMMYT(theInternationalMaizeandWheatImprovementCentre)inMexico,wheremycareerasaplantbreederstarted,(在印度接受教育后，我去了澳大利亞攻讀博士學(xué)位，很快我加入了墨西哥的CIMMYT（國(guó)際玉米小麥改良中心），在那里我開(kāi)始了我的植物育種者職業(yè)生涯)”可知，Rajaram博士加入國(guó)際玉米小麥改良中心后，開(kāi)始從事植物育種工作。故選C。36．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Hisvarietiesofwheatwerestronginnutrition,delayed(延遲)theattackofsomeplantdiseasesandwereabletosurvivetheseverestofconditions.(他的小麥品種營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富，延遲了一些植物病害的侵襲，能夠在最惡劣的條件下存活下來(lái))”可知，Rajaram博士培育的小麥品種能在惡劣的環(huán)境中生長(zhǎng)。故選C。37．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Afternearlyhalfacenturyinthefield,DrRajaramsaidhisworkwasstillnotfinished.“Inscience,youneverstoplearning.IhavebeendoingthisallmylifeandI’veneverreallyhadtimeforanythingelse.Asfarashobbiesgo,well,there’sabitofmusicIliketolistentoandthat’sprettymuchit.Ihavebeenonalongjourneyofpushingtheboundaries(邊界)ofwhat’spossibleandtoday,there’sstillworkleft.Learningmustneverstopandtheworldmustnotgohungry.”(在該領(lǐng)域工作了近半個(gè)世紀(jì)后，Rajaram博士說(shuō)他的工作還沒(méi)有完成?！诳茖W(xué)領(lǐng)域，你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)停止學(xué)習(xí)。我一輩子都在做這件事，我從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正有時(shí)間做其他事情。就愛(ài)好而言，好吧，有一點(diǎn)我喜歡聽(tīng)的音樂(lè)，幾乎就是這樣。我一直在努力突破可能的極限，今天還有工作要做。學(xué)習(xí)永遠(yuǎn)不能停止，世界也不能挨餓。’)”可知，Rajaram博士已經(jīng)在糧食領(lǐng)域工作了數(shù)十年，他認(rèn)為自己還有很多工作要做，需要不斷學(xué)習(xí)，讓世界人民不再饑餓。因此可推斷，他決定致力于解決世界糧食問(wèn)題。故選D。三、完形填空Farmsarethebiggestusersoffreshwaterresources.TheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationsaysagricultureusesseventypercentofallsurfacewatersupplies.Thatistheworld38.Withouttherightmeasures,agriculturecanbeamajorcauseofwaterpollution.Butsolutionsdonothaveto39much.Therearesimplemethodsforfarmsofanysizetoreduceor40pollutionofwatersupplies.Wearegoingtotalkaboutafewofthem.Thefirst41fertilisersandpoisons.Onewaysuchchemicalscanentertheenvironmentiswhentheyarenotstoredcorrectly.Storedchemicalscanslowly42thesoilandgetintogroundwater.Tohelpavoidsuchproblems,chemicalsshouldbekeptinstructureswithafloormadeofcement(水泥).Farmanimalscanalsopollutewatersupplies.Animalslikecattle,pigs,sheepandgoatsareoftenleftto43ongrassinopenfieldsbystreamsorrivers.Largeanimalsloosendirtandrocksastheywalkalongwaterwaystodrink.Animal44alsoenterswatersupplies.Expertssayitisimportanttokeeplargefarmanimalsawayfromwatersupplieswiththeuseofafenceor45.Insteadofleadinganimalstowater,bringthewatertothem.Farmerscansendwaterthroughpipestowateringareasfortheiranimalswithpumps46byelectricityorfuel.Humanpoweredtreadlepumpsareanothersolution.Trees,bushesandsmallerplantscanactas47barriersalongstreamsandrivers.Bushesprovideexcellentgroundcover48grownnearwaterways.Animals49busheswithsharpthorns(尖刺).Treerootsprovidenaturalsupportforsoil.Treesplantednearwaterwayshelpstopsoillossfromheavyrains.They50helpkeepthesunfromdryingoutsoil.Theyholdsoilinplaceduringrainsand51thewaterflow.Thesemethodswillnotsolveallwaterqualityproblems,52theyaregoodfirststeps.38．A．level B．storage C．a(chǎn)verage D．problem39．A．reduce B．take C．matter D．cost40．A．consider B．create C．prevent D．rescue41．A．dealswith B．takesover C．paysfor D．a(chǎn)daptsto42．A．goup B．stretchin C．makefor D．leakinto43．A．feed B．go C．endanger D．keep44．A．fat B．waste C．food D．medicine45．A．a(chǎn)nything B．nothing C．something D．everything46．A．a(chǎn)ttracted B．used C．made D．powered47．A．wellequipped B．responsible C．strong D．natural48．A．when B．unless C．incase D．until49．A．choose B．protect C．enjoy D．a(chǎn)void50．A．easily B．hardly C．a(chǎn)lso D．either51．A．destroy B．ease C．speedup D．stop52．A．though B．but C．so D．therefore閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。JiaSixie,authorofChina’sfirstagriculturalencyclopedia(百科全書),wasoneoftheleadingagronomists(農(nóng)學(xué)家)inChinesehistory.InthelateyearsoftheNorthernWeiDynasty,hewroteQiminYaoshu,the53(early)andmostpleteagriculturalencyclopediastillinexistenceinChina.JiaSixiewasborninYiduCountyinShandongProvince.Duringhischildhood,Jia’sfamilywasn’twealthy,buthad54richcollectionofbooks.ThisprovidedtheyoungJiawithanopportunitytoreadancientChineseliterature55(wide)onagriculture.HepletedQiminYaoshuduringthewars,whenhesawamountsof56(suffer)thepoorfarmersunderwent.57hebelieveddeepdownwasthatthedevelopmentofagriculturecouldrelievetheshortageoffoodandthushelpthosefarmersout.Thebook,whichisprisedof92chaptersin10volumesandnearly120,000characters,58(cover)awiderangeoftopicsandrecordsonproductionexperienceandmethods.Itincludesadviceonfarming,fisheryandsidelineoccupations.Inthebook,heemphasizedtheimportanceofseedbreeding59(generate)bettervarieties.QiminYaoshuwasfirstdistributedmainlyamongmonpeople.InthelateTangDynasty,thebookwasintroducedtoJapan.Sofar,thebook60(translate)intoseverallanguages.QiminYaoshuisconsidered61animportantsummaryoffarmingknowledge.Atpresent,itisstillstudiedbyChinesefarmersandstudents62(major)inagriculture.38．C39．D40．C41．A42．D43．A44．B45．C46．D47．D48．A49．D50．C51．B52．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要討論了農(nóng)場(chǎng)對(duì)淡水資源的消耗和污染問(wèn)題，并提出了一些簡(jiǎn)單的減少或防止供水污染的方法。38．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是世界平均值。A.level水平；B.storage存儲(chǔ)；C.average平均值；D.problem問(wèn)題。根據(jù)上文“TheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationsaysagricultureusesseventypercentofallsurfacewatersupplies.”可知，聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織表示，農(nóng)業(yè)使用了所有地表水供應(yīng)的70%，由此可推知，70%這個(gè)數(shù)字應(yīng)該是世界平均值。故選C。39．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但解決方案并不需要花費(fèi)太多。A.reduce減少；B.take拿；C.matter重要；D.cost花費(fèi)。根據(jù)下文“Therearesimplemethodsforfarmsofanysizetoreduceor___3___pollutionofwatersupplies.”可知，農(nóng)場(chǎng)可以使用一些簡(jiǎn)單的方法減少供水污染，因此解決方案并不需要花費(fèi)太多。故選D。40．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)于任何規(guī)模的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，都有一些簡(jiǎn)單的方法來(lái)減少或防止供水污染。A.consider考慮；B.create創(chuàng)造；C.prevent防止；D.rescue救援。根據(jù)上文“toreduceor”可推知，空處應(yīng)該和reduce表達(dá)相近的意思，此處指減少或防止供水污染。故選C。41．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：第一步處理化肥和毒藥。A.dealswith處理；B.takesover接管；C.paysfor支付；D.adaptsto適應(yīng)。根據(jù)上文“Therearesimplemethodsforfarmsofanysizetoreduceor___3___pollutionofwatersupplies.”可知，這是在介紹減少水污染的方法，因此是處理化肥和毒藥。故選A。42．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：儲(chǔ)存的化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)慢慢滲入土壤并進(jìn)入地下水。A.goup上升；B.stretchin延伸；C.makefor前往；D.leakinto滲入。根據(jù)上文“Onewaysuchchemicalscanentertheenvironmentiswhentheyarenotstoredcorrectly.”可推知，儲(chǔ)存不正確的情況下，化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)慢慢滲入土壤并進(jìn)入地下水。故選D。43．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：像牛、豬、綿羊和山羊這樣的動(dòng)物經(jīng)常被留在溪邊或河邊的草地上進(jìn)食。A.feed進(jìn)食；B.go去；C.endanger使遭危險(xiǎn)，危害；D.keep保持。根據(jù)下文“ongrassinopenfieldsbystreamsorrivers”可推知，這樣的動(dòng)物會(huì)被留在溪邊或河邊的草地上進(jìn)食，短語(yǔ)feedon“以……為食”。故選A。44．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：動(dòng)物糞便也會(huì)進(jìn)入供水系統(tǒng)。A.fat脂肪；B.waste糞便；C.food食物；D.medicine藥物。根據(jù)上文“Largeanimalsloosendirtandrocksastheywalkalongwaterwaystodrink.”可知，這些動(dòng)物沿著水道行走喝水，因此它們沿途排泄的糞便會(huì)進(jìn)入供水系統(tǒng)。故選B。45．考查不定代詞詞義辨析。句意：專家表示，重要的是要用柵欄之類的東西讓大型農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物遠(yuǎn)離水源。A.anything任何事物；B.nothing沒(méi)有什么，沒(méi)有一件東西；C.something某物；D.everything所有事物。根據(jù)上文“afenceor”可推知，此處用固定短語(yǔ)orsomething表示“諸如此類的事物”，建議用柵欄之類的東西讓動(dòng)物遠(yuǎn)離水源。故選C。46．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：農(nóng)民可以通過(guò)管道將水送到灌溉區(qū)，用電力或燃料驅(qū)動(dòng)的水泵為他們的動(dòng)物供水。A.attracted吸引；B.used使用；C.made制造；D.powered驅(qū)動(dòng)。根據(jù)下文“byelectricityorfuel”可推知，此處指水泵由電力或燃料驅(qū)動(dòng)，和下文Humanpoweredtreadlepumps“人力踩踏水泵”相呼應(yīng)。故選D。47．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：樹(shù)木、灌木和較小的植物可以作為溪流和河流的天然屏障。A.wellequipped裝備精良的；B.responsible負(fù)責(zé)的；C.strong強(qiáng)壯的；D.natural天然的。根據(jù)上文“Trees,bushesandsmallerplants”可推知，樹(shù)木、灌木和較小的植物本身生長(zhǎng)在農(nóng)場(chǎng)環(huán)境中，是作為溪流和河流的天然屏障。故選D。48．考查連詞（短語(yǔ)）詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)灌木生長(zhǎng)在水道附近時(shí)，可以提供很好的地面覆蓋物。A.when當(dāng)……時(shí)；B.unless除非；C.incase萬(wàn)一；D.until直到。根據(jù)上文“Bushesprovideexcellentgroundcover”和下文“grownnearwaterways”可推知，此處指當(dāng)灌木生長(zhǎng)在水道附近時(shí)，它們可以提供很好的地面覆蓋物。故選A。49．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：動(dòng)物避開(kāi)長(zhǎng)有尖刺的灌木叢。A.choose選擇；B.protect保護(hù)；C.enjoy享受；D.avoid避免。根據(jù)下文“busheswithsharpthorns(尖刺)”可知，灌木叢有尖刺，因此動(dòng)物會(huì)避開(kāi)它們。故選D。50．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：它們也有助于防止太陽(yáng)曬干土壤。A.easily容易地；B.hardly幾乎不；C.also也；D.either也（用于否定句）。根據(jù)上文“Treesplantednearwaterwayshelpstopsoillossfromheavyrains.”可知，此處是進(jìn)一步介紹樹(shù)根對(duì)土壤的保護(hù)作用，指也有助于防止太陽(yáng)曬干土壤，且句子是肯定句，應(yīng)用also。故選C。51．考查動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）詞義辨析。句意：它們能在下雨時(shí)固定土壤，并減緩水流。A.destroy破壞；B.ease緩和，減輕；C.speedup加速；D.stop制止。根據(jù)上文“Treerootsprovidenaturalsupportforsoil.”可知，本段介紹樹(shù)根對(duì)土壤的保護(hù)作用，結(jié)合空后“thewaterflow”可知，樹(shù)根可以減緩水流的流動(dòng)。故選B。52．考查連詞和副詞詞義辨析。句意：這些方法不能解決所有的水質(zhì)問(wèn)題，但它們是良好的第一步。A.though盡管；B.but但是；C.so所以；D.therefore因此。根據(jù)上文“Thesemethodswillnotsolveallwaterqualityproblems”和下文“theyaregoodfirststeps”可知，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，指這些方法不能解決所有的水質(zhì)問(wèn)題，但是良好的第一步。故選B。53．earliest54．a(chǎn)55．widely56．suffering57．What58．covers59．togenerate60．hasbeentranslated61．a(chǎn)s62．majoring【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文體裁屬于說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了中國(guó)歷史上著名的農(nóng)學(xué)家賈思勰及其所著的農(nóng)業(yè)百科全書《齊民要術(shù)》，詳細(xì)闡述了該書的背景、內(nèi)容、影響以及賈思勰的農(nóng)業(yè)理念。53．考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：北魏末年，他撰寫了中國(guó)現(xiàn)存的最早、最完整的農(nóng)業(yè)百科全書《齊民要術(shù)》。由句意以及設(shè)空處后的andmostplete可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)earliest“最早的”。故填earliest。54．考查冠詞。句意：童年時(shí)，賈家并不富裕，但有一批豐富的藏書。此處泛指“一批豐富的藏書”，且rich以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。故填a。55．考查副