Unit5WorkingtheLand課文知識(shí)點(diǎn)導(dǎo)學(xué)案高中英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性

Unit5WorkingthelandPartOneTextOneApioneerforallpeopleYuanLongping,knownas“thefatherofhybridrice”,wasoneofChina’smostfamousscientists.Yet,heconsideredhimselfafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworkedthelandinhisresearch.Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodywasjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhehaddevotedhislife.YuanLongpingwasbornin1930inBeijing.Hisparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinscienceormedicine.However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.Totacklethiscrisis,hechosetostudyagricultureandreceivedaneducationatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqing.Aftergraduatingin1953,heworkedasaresearcher.YuanLongpingrealizedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution.Instead,farmersneededtoboostyieldsinthefieldstheyhad.Howthiscouldbedonewasachallengingquestionatthetime.Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.Ahybridisacrossbetweentwoormorevarietiesofaspecies.Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.However,whetheritwaspossibletodevelopahybridofselfpollinatingplantssuchasricewasamatterofgreatdebate.Themonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldbedone.Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaisprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.=1\*GB3①Yuan’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam.Becauseofhisinvaluablecontribution,YuanLongpingreceivednumerousawardsbothinChinaandabroad.=2\*GB3②GiventhatYuan’shybridsmadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldhaveretiredtoalifeofleisure.However,thisisfarfromthecase.Deepdown,Yuanwasstillverymuchafarmeratheart.Asamanofthesoil,hecaredlittleforcelebrityormoney.Instead,hemadelargedonationstosupportagriculturalresearch.WhatimpressedpeoplemostaboutYuanLongpingwashisongoingabilitytofulfilhisdreams.Longago,heenvisionedriceplantsastallassorghum,witheachyearofriceasbigasabroom,andeachgrainofriceashugeasapeanut.Hesucceededinproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeopleathomeandabroad.Hislatervisionfor“seawaterrice”alsobecameareality,andpotentiallyopenedupnearlyonemillionsquarekilometresofsaltylandinChinaforriceproduction.Eveninhislateryears,YuanLongpingwasstillyoungatheartandfullofvision,andeveryonewasalwaysexcitedtoseewhathewoulddreamupnext.知識(shí)點(diǎn)鏈接=1\*GB3①Yuan’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam. notjust…but…aswell(notonly…but(also)…不僅…而且…1）notonly…but(also)…連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，若notonly位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，notonly所在的分句要用部分倒裝，but(also)后面的分句不倒裝[例]Notonlydoessinginghelpincreaseyourlungcapacity,butithelpsstimulatecirculation.2）notonly…but(also)…連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要遵循“就近一致”[例]Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentsweredeeplymovedbythestory.=2\*GB3②GiventhatYuan’shybridsmadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldhaveretiredtoalifeofleisure. giventhat…考慮到…，鑒于…（consideringthat…）[例]Giventhatthey’reinexperienced,they’vedoneagoodjob.注意：given1）prep.考慮到，鑒于2）adj.制定的，特定的（常作前置定語(yǔ)）[例]Theyweretomeetatagiventimeandplace.PartOneTextTwoChemicalversusorganicfarmingChemicalpesticidesandartificialfertilizershavebeeninwidespreaduseinfarmingsincethemiddleofthe20thcentury.Whentheywerefirstintroduced,manyfarmersweledthemasagreatwaytofightcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Overtime,however,whatsomescientistshavefoundisthattheirlongtermusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeople’shealth.Forexample,pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects,butalsohelpfulones.Inaddition,thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime.Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.Manypeopleworrythatthesechemicalsmaymakethemillandevencausecancer.Infact,somepesticideslikeDDThavebeenprohibitedinmostcountriesbecauseofthedamagetheycausetopeopleandtheenvironment.Asforchemicalfertilizers,cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofasttoberichinnutrition.Theymaylookbeautifulontheseaside,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanessentialminerals,andtheyoftenhavelessflavoraswell.Asanalternative,somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturntoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.Forexample,manyorganicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsasfertilizer.Thismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinminerals.Italsokeepstheair,soil,water,andcropsfreeofchemicals.Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstoproducerichsoil.Theyoftenchangethekindofcropgrownineachfieldeveryyear.Forinstance,theymaygrowcornorwheatinafieldoneyear,andthengrowbeanstherethenext.Whydifferentcropsaregrownisthattheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground,makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops.Organicfarmersalsoplantdiversecropsthatusedifferentdepthsofsoiltohelpkeepitrich.Forexample,peanutsgrowontheground’ssurface,butmanyothervegetablesputdowndeeproots.Thegoalofusingdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfoodwhileavoidingdamagetotheenvironmentortopeople’shealth.Somepeoplewouldprefertostoptheuseofmanmadechemicalsinagricultureentirely.=1\*GB3①Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeetthatneed.Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.知識(shí)點(diǎn)鏈接=1\*GB3①Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld. 同位語(yǔ)從句1）可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞通常有news,belief,evidence,proof,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word,possiblity等[例]Heaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.2）同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：從屬連詞：that,whether連接代詞：who,whom,whose,what,which連接副詞：why,when,where,how等[例]Ihavenoideawhichwineisbest.It’samatterofpersonaltaste.3）分離同位語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句和它所說(shuō)明的名詞被謂語(yǔ)分開[例]Thestorygoesthattwofriendsarewalkingthroughthedesert.拓展：that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別1）that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明，that只起連接作用，不作成分，沒有意義，通常不能省略2）that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，修飾限定先行詞，that指代先行詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可用which代替，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可用省略PartTwoKeyWord1.hybridn.雜交植（動(dòng)）物；合成物；混合動(dòng)力車2.devote1）vt.獻(xiàn)身，專心，致力_______________獻(xiàn)身于/致力于（做）某事_______________把某人的時(shí)間/精力/注意力…用到（做）某事上[拓展]同根詞_______________adj.摯愛的，忠誠(chéng)的，全心全意的_______________深愛/忠于…；致力于…_______________n.奉獻(xiàn)，忠誠(chéng)；關(guān)愛3.devote…to把…用于；獻(xiàn)身；致力；專心4.shortagen.缺少；短缺；不足5.tacklevt.解決（難題）；應(yīng)付（局面）；處理6.crisisn.危機(jī)；危急關(guān)頭7.boostvt.使增長(zhǎng)；使興旺n.增長(zhǎng)；提高；激勵(lì)8.yieldn.產(chǎn)量；產(chǎn)出vt.出產(chǎn)（作物）；產(chǎn)生（收益）vi.屈服；讓步9.convincevt.使相信；使確信；說(shuō)服_______________使某人相信某事_______________使某人相信…_______________說(shuō)服某人做某事_______________[拓展]同根詞_______________adj.令人信服的_______________adj.確信的；深信的；堅(jiān)信的_______________確信…；相信…10.characteristicn.特征；特點(diǎn)；品質(zhì)adj.典型的；獨(dú)特的11.attainvt.（通常指經(jīng)過努力）獲得；得到_______________實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)_______________達(dá)到…狀態(tài)[拓展]同根詞_______________n.達(dá)到；獲得_______________adj.可獲得的12.conventionaladj.傳統(tǒng)的；習(xí)慣的13.pollinatevt.授粉；傳粉14.assumptionn.假定；設(shè)定；（責(zé)任的）承擔(dān)；（權(quán)利的）獲得_______________對(duì)…做出假設(shè)_______________假定…；假設(shè)…[拓展]同根詞_______________vt.假定，認(rèn)為；承擔(dān)（責(zé)任）_______________普遍/通常認(rèn)為…_______________假定…是…，認(rèn)為…是…_______________conj.假如，假設(shè)_______________假定…15.intenseadj.熱切的；十分強(qiáng)烈的；激烈的16.overevt.克服；解決；戰(zhàn)勝_______________被…（某種情緒）控制，受到…的極大影響17.expandvt.&vi.擴(kuò)大；增加vt.擴(kuò)展；發(fā)展（業(yè)務(wù)）_______________把…擴(kuò)展成…_______________擴(kuò)大稱為…_______________充分?jǐn)⑹?；詳?xì)闡明18.outputn.產(chǎn)量；輸出；輸出量vt.輸出19.estimate1）vt.估計(jì)；估價(jià)；估算_______________估算某物為…_______________…被估計(jì)為…_______________據(jù)估計(jì)…2）n.估計(jì)；估算[拓展]同根詞_______________n.（對(duì)水平、數(shù)量等的）估計(jì)_______________v.&n.低估_______________v.&n.高估20.domesticadj.國(guó)內(nèi)的；本國(guó)的；家用的；家庭的21.consumptionn.消耗；消耗量；消費(fèi)22.prisevt.包括；包含；由…組成[拓展]近義詞_______________組成，構(gòu)成_______________由…組成/構(gòu)成23.beprisedof包括；包含；由…組成24.generatevt.產(chǎn)生；引起25.strainn.（動(dòng)、植物的）系；品種；拉傷；壓力26.leisuren.閑暇；空閑；休閑27.deepdown在內(nèi)心深處；本質(zhì)上；實(shí)際上28.soiln.泥土；土壤；國(guó)土；領(lǐng)土29.celebrityn.名望；名譽(yù)；名人；名流30.envisionvt.展望；想象31.sorghumn.高粱；高粱米32.broomn.掃把；掃帚；金雀花33.grainn.谷物；谷粒；顆粒34.visionn.想象；視力；視野；影像35.realityn.現(xiàn)實(shí)；實(shí)際情況；事實(shí)_______________事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上_______________脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)_______________使…成為現(xiàn)實(shí)_______________使…回到現(xiàn)實(shí)[拓展1]近義詞______________[拓展2]同根詞_______________adj.真的；真正的，真實(shí)的_______________adj.現(xiàn)實(shí)的，實(shí)事求是的_______________adv.真正地，真實(shí)地；事實(shí)上_______