英語語法 課件 9 過去完成體和限定詞

過去完成體和限定詞Compare

We’ve

known

each

other

since

we

were

at

college.We’ve

known

each

other

since

we

have

been

at

college.Bythetimeheleftcollege,he_____________(learn)

Englishfor12years.Bythetimeyouleavecollege,you_________(learn)

Englishfor12years.Up

to

now,

I_____________(learn)Englishfor12years.持續(xù)性/狀態(tài)性動作已結束KP1常搭配的時間狀語從句I

haven’t

seen

him

since

he

came

to

Shanghai.I

saw

him

last

time

when

he

came

to

Shanghai,

but

I

haven’t

seen

him

since.Hehadn'tfinisheditbyyesterdayevening.I'dneverflownaplaneatalluntilIflewthisone!He

hadmetthembeforehewenttotheparty.Nosooner

had

heleft

thebuildingthanabomb

exploded.

(Hardly…when…)KP2

have

got/gotten

I

have

just

got

a

new

dictionary.

(get的完成體，不能去掉）Have

(got)

“有”Have

(got)

to

“必須”I’ve

got

a

book.

=I

have

a

book.He

hasn’t

got

to

do

it

=He

doesn’t

have

to

do

it.（got可去掉）

DoyouspeakEnglish?(2)Ihadanamusingexperiencelastyear.AfterIhadleftasmallvillageinthesouthofFrance,Idroveontothenexttown.Ontheway,ayoungmanwavedtome.Istoppedandheaskedmeforalift.NosoonerhadhegotintothecarthanIsaidgoodmorningtohiminFrenchandherepliedinthesamelanguage.Apartfromafewwords,IdonotknowanyFrenchatall.Neitherofusspokeduringthejourney.Ihadhardlyreachedthetownwhentheyoungmansuddenlysaid,veryslowly,'DoyouspeakEnglish?'AsIsoonlearnt,hewasEnglishhimself!過去完成體的時間狀語？Everythingexcepttheweather

Myoldfriend,Harrison,livedintheMediterraneanformanyyearsbeforehehadreturnedtoEngland.HehadoftendreamedofretiringinEnglandandplannedtosettledowninthecountry.NosoonerhehadreturnedtoEnglandthanheboughtafinehouseandwenttolivethere.Almostimmediatelyhebegantocomplainabouttheweather,foreventhoughitwasstillsummer,ithadrainedcontinuallyanditwasoftenbitterlycold.Aftersomanyyearsofsunshine,Harrisongotashock.HeactedasifheneverlivedinEnglandbefore.Intheend,itwasmorethanhecouldbear.HehardlyhadtimetosettledownintheMediterraneanonceagainwhenhehadsoldthehouseandleftthecountry.Thedreamhehadforsomanyyearsendedthere.Harrisonhasthoughtofeverythingexcepttheweather.Correct

the

storyEverythingexcepttheweather

Myoldfriend,Harrison,hadlivedintheMediterraneanformanyyearsbeforehereturnedtoEngland.HehadoftendreamedofretiringinEnglandand

plannedtosettledowninthecountry.Nosoonerhadhe

returnedthanheboughtafinehouseandwenttolivethere.Almostimmediatelyhebegantocomplainabouttheweather,foreventhoughitwasstillsummer,itrainedcontinuallyanditwasoftenbitterlycold.Aftersomanyyearsofsunshine,Harrisongotashock.HeactedasifhehadneverlivedinEnglandbefore.Intheend,itwasmorethanhecouldbear.Hehadhardlyhadtimetosettledownwhenhesoldthehouseandleftthecountry.Thedreamhehadhadforsomanyyearsendedthere.Harrisonhadthoughtofeverythingexcepttheweather.case

study案例分析1BeforemytriptoJapan,Ihadthoroughlystudiedthelocalcustomsandetiquette.Uponarrival,Ihadalreadymasteredtheartofthehandshakeandbow,whichhadbeenessentialinmakingagoodfirstimpression.Duringabusinessmeeting,Ihadcarefullyobservedthesubtlecuesandhadadaptedmyapproachaccordingly.Bythetimethenegotiationsconcluded,IhadgainedtherespectofmyJapanesecounterparts,andourpartnershiphadbeensolidified.TheeffortIhadinvestedinunderstandingtheirculturehadpaidoff,fosteringasuccessfulcross-culturalcollaboration.case

study案例分析2Whileworkingonaninternationalproject,wehadfacedasignificantcross-culturalconflict.TheteamfromIndiawasaccustomedtoamorecollectivedecision-makingprocess,whereasmyAmericanteamhadbeenadvocatingforindividualcontributions.Bythetimewehadrealizedtherootoftheissue,tensionshavealreadyescalated.Wehadnotanticipatedtheculturaldifferencesinourapproachtoteamwork.Afterseveraldiscussions,wecometounderstandeachother’sperspectivesandhadlearnedtointegrateourworkingstyles.請修改段落中出現(xiàn)的錯誤時態(tài)并說明原因任務在跨文化交際過程中常常會遇到各種尷尬或誤解的狀況。請搜集一些因言語表達不當或身體語言理解不當?shù)仍斐晌幕瘺_突的相關案例，用英文撰寫并分享出來(開頭已寫好)。I’mgoingtosharewithyouaninterestingcaseIsawonline.____________

限定詞AllthefourapplicantsAlltheselastfewdays名詞詞組：限定詞+前置修飾語+名詞中心詞+后置修飾語

a

rich

man

missing

last

night…起特指(specificreference)、類指(generalreference)以及表示確定數(shù)量(definitequantity)和非確定數(shù)量(indefinitequantity)等限定作用的詞類the

four

all

Applicants?

last

few

all

thesedays?Try

thisWhichofthefollowingisincorrect?AllhislectureswereboringHalfhismoneywasgone.Herfewfriendsareallfondofdancing.Heinvitedmanyhisfriendstotheparty.（0~1前）+（0~1中）+（n后）+中心詞KP1

限定詞之間的搭配all

the

fourteachers前中后half

hislecture前中all

your

threebooks

前中后all

these

last

fewdays前中后后those

last

fewmonths中后后mythatbook(?)all

otherstudents前后such

amisfortune前中some

suchalloy

中后thefirst

twochapters后后

suchabookonesuchbookSuch

a/an為前位限定詞，such為后位限定詞Many

a/an為前位限定詞，many為后位限定詞What

a/an為前位限定詞，what為中衛(wèi)限定詞KP2

跨類限定詞1）

類指（GeneralReference）類指是表示類別，也就是泛指一類人或事，定冠詞與單數(shù)名詞、定冠詞與形容詞或分詞、不定冠詞與單數(shù)名詞、零冠詞與復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞都可表示類指：a.

Therichgetricher,andthepoorgetchildren.b.

Anoxisausefulanimal.c.

Catsandtigersbelongtothesamefamilyofmammals.

d.

Unityisstrength.2）

特指

(DefiniteReference)特指一類人或物中的具體對象。一種是非常明確地指出人或物，即確定特指，定冠詞常用于此；一種是非確定特指即特指具體對象，但不很明確，不定冠詞和零冠詞用于此。Weownadogandacat.

Thedog

isbrown,and

thecat

iswhite.Imet

anoldman

inthestreet.

Thereis

aletter

foryou.Thestreetsarecleanandshadedwith

trees.

Sheput

carrots

inthestew.KP3

類指和特指KP3

類指和特指3）

后照應特指、前照應特指、語境特指確定特指又可分為后照應特指（Anaphoricspecificreference）、前照應特指(cataphoricspecificreference)和語境特指(situationalreference)后照應特指即用定冠詞表示上文已經(jīng)提到的人或物。前照應特指照應的對象在后文，定冠詞的指定作用決定于名詞中心詞的后置修飾語。語境特指建立在談話雙方共有的基礎上，而不是上下文基礎上。Iorderedabooksometimeago.Thebookhasnowarrived.Hereisthe

student

Itoldyouabout.Shutthedoorplease.

I’mjustbackfromthemarket.零冠詞在一定的上下文中也可表示確定特指含義，也是一種語境特指：Whyisfatheroutofwork?

HewaselectedchairmanoftheStudents’

Union.1.

Theremustbe_____emptytalkbutmorehardwork.

A.fewerB.noC.theleastD.less2.

Thereare_____mistakesinthepaper.

A.theB.alittleC.muchD.afew3.

Isaw_____carsoutsidethebuilding.

A.alittleB.anyC.lotsofD.neitherDDCMultipleChoice.CorrecterrorsMr.Blakehashadfewopportunitytotravel.Wehavegotenoughtimetoreadsuchmanynovels.Ienjoybothkind,theredwineorthewhitewine.我可以跟你談幾句話嗎？(words)

MayIhavea

fewwordswithyou?2.每隔幾分鐘電話就響一次。Thetelephonerangeveryfewminutes.3.我們很快得知，還得再多等三個星期。

Soonwelearnedthatwehadtowaitanotherthreemoreweeks.Translationcase

study案例分析1ChinaandArabcountrieshavesetanexampleinupholdingmutualrespect,solidarityandcooperation.Thetraditionalfriendshipbetweenthetwosideshasbecomestrongerwithtime.Bothsidesfirmlysupporteachotheronissuesconcerningeachother’scoreinterestsandmajorconcerns.ChinahasalwaysextendedsupporttocountriesintheMiddleEast,solvingregionalsecu