第02講課文初探（記敘文指代猜測觀點態(tài)度）學(xué)生版

第02講課文初探+（記敘文指代+猜測+觀點態(tài)度）一、聽見課文Ann,15LakesideHighSchoolUSAMynameisAnnWellsandI'maGrade10studentatLakesideHighSchool.I'man(act)personandIlovesports.I'm(curiosity)abouteverything.Ioftenaskquestions,butIlearnbestbydoing.My(favour)subjectisphysics.Dancingandskatingaremy，andIalsoliketoreadshortstories.Iplantobeean(engineering)inthefuture.Thando,16SouthHillHighSchoolSouthAfricaI'mThandoGowon.I'm16thisyear.IefromSouthAfrica.I'maGrade10studentatSouthHillHighSchool.Ilookgood，thinkfast，andplayhard.You'llneverseemeabookorapen.IfI'mnotinclass,I'minthelibraryintheputerlab.Attheweekends,IplayputergamesifI'mnotbusystudying.MydreamistomyownIT!詞匯及短語歸納總結(jié)①activeadj.活躍的；積極的②curiousadj.好奇的；求知欲強的becuriousabout對……感到好奇③favouriteadj.最喜歡的；特別喜愛的④hobbyn．業(yè)余愛好；嗜好⑤lookgood長得挺好⑥thinkfast思維敏捷⑦playhard玩?zhèn)€痛快⑧either(兩者中的)任何一個；(兩者中的)每個either...or...或者……或者……⑨bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事⑩startvt.開辦，創(chuàng)辦二、題型初識1、從記敘文說起PassageAOystersactasnatural"waterpurifiers".Theyarefilterfeeders(濾食動物).Thatmeanstheytakeinwaterthroughtheirgillsandfilteroutthefoodinit,suchasalgae(藻類)，whichtheytheneat.Asingleadultoystercanfilterupto189litresofwaterinaday.Astheyfeed,oystersalsofilterotherharmfulthingsoutofthewater.Oneoftheseisnitrogen,achemicalfoundinseptictanks(化糞池).Sometimesnitrogengetswashedintoriversandoceanswhenitrains.Toomuchnitrogeninthewatercausesmuchalgaetogrow.Thealgaeusesuptheoxygeninthewater,whichcanharmothersealife.Oystersfilternitrogenoutofthewateranduseittogrowtheirshells.1.Theunderlinedword"these"inParagraph3refersto____.A．oysters B．chemicals C．septictanks D．harmfulthingsPassageBScienceshowswhywetrustpeoplewhoareconfident.Imaginethis:onepersontellsalieconfidently,whileanothersayssomethingtrueinahesitantvoice.Whichpersonwouldyoutrust?2.Whichofthefollowinghasthesamemeaningastheunderlinedword"hesitant"inParagraph1?A．Confident. B．Excited. C．Active. D．Uncertain.PassageC……….So,whyaren'tweallwearingsmartglassesyet?Sofar,noonehasinventedabetterwaytosendimagesofourworldontoglasses.However,withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,smartglassescouldarrivemuchsoonerthanwethink.3.Howmightthewriterfeelaboutthefutureofsmartglasses?A．Bored. B．Confident. C．Satisfied. D．Uncertain.2、題型講解2.1記敘文概述記敘文包括故事類、人物類和心靈雞湯類閱讀，每種類型都有其特點和閱讀策略。故事類閱讀要素:分析故事的六要素：時間、地點、人物、事件、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果。技巧:閱讀首末段，把握起因和結(jié)局。關(guān)注中間段落，特別是時間和地點。分析主人公的行為和情緒變化。判斷故事的中心思想。人物類閱讀特點:涉及人物生平、貢獻，充滿事實和證據(jù)。技巧:按時間順序關(guān)注人物事件。發(fā)現(xiàn)特殊貢獻和事件間的關(guān)聯(lián)。若文本為片段，采用類似故事類的閱讀方法。心靈雞湯類閱讀特點:描述心理歷程，提供精神或心理指導(dǎo)。技巧:閱讀并思考故事背后的道理。繼續(xù)閱讀作者的觀點以深入理解。練習(xí)時以文本為依據(jù)，避免過度推斷。閱讀技巧總結(jié)對于所有類型，先快速瀏覽以了解大意。注重文本中的關(guān)鍵信息，如時間和地點。分析人物行為和心理變化，理解故事深層含義。在心靈雞湯類閱讀中，尋找故事與哲理的聯(lián)系。練習(xí)時，始終基于文本內(nèi)容，避免主觀臆斷。2.2代詞指代題題型特點：代詞如it,they,one等用于避免重復(fù)，體現(xiàn)語篇邏輯。設(shè)問形式：Theword"xxx"inXXXrefersto?解題步驟：定位文中指代詞。向上文搜索，找到最近的名詞或句子。代入找到的詞或句子，檢查文意是否通順。與選項比較，確定最佳答案。2.3詞義猜測題題型特點：考查利用上下文猜測詞義的能力。題型分類：熟詞新義：特定語境下的詞義推斷。生詞釋義：根據(jù)有限上下文推斷詞義。難句釋義：根據(jù)較大范圍上下文推斷句意。設(shè)問形式：What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword/phrase"xxx"inChinese?Theunderlinedword"xxx"refersto/probablymeans...Theunderlinedword"xxx"couldbereplacedby...Whatisthemeaningof"xxx"?Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword"xxx"?2.4觀點態(tài)度題題型特點：識別并區(qū)分文本中作者的觀點和態(tài)度，特別是針對文章主題或特定對象的態(tài)度。設(shè)問形式：通常詢問作者對某一主題或項目的態(tài)度，例如"Theauthor'sattitudetowards/to'xxx'seemstobethatof..."錯誤率較高的態(tài)度類選項：冷漠類：indifferent,careless,disinterested。迷惑類：confused,puzzled,uncertain。主觀類：subjective,fearful,prejudiced,biased,gloomy,questionable,scared,sarcastic,doubtful,skeptical。中立選項（通常不選）：neutral?？赡苷_的態(tài)度類選項（需結(jié)合文本內(nèi)容確認）：正面評價：positive,approval,supportive,favor。負面評價：negative,disapproval,critical。中立評價（有傾向）：objective,impartial,unbiased。3、同頻練習(xí)PassageAShethendidanotherstudywithcollegestudents.Duckworthwantedtoseehowsmartsandgritinfluencedperformanceinschool.Sosheparedscoresoncollegeentranceexams,whichtestIQ,toschoolgradesandsomeone’sscoreinthegrittest.Studentswithhighergradesseemtohavemoregrit.That’snotsurprising.Gettinggoodgradestakesbothsmartsandhardwork.Butsomepeoplecounterthatthisgritmeanssuccess.AmongthosepeopleisMarcusCredé,ateacheratIowaStateUniversityinAmes.Herecentlyshowedtheresultsof88studiesongrit.Together,nearly67,000peopletookpartinthesestudies.Andgritdidnotpredictsuccess,Credéfound.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counter”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Reply. B.Question. C.Accept. D.Warn.PassageBIn2013,researchersstudiedthechangingconditionsintheCocoaBelt.Theysaidthatby2050,itwillbehardertogrowcacaoin90%ofplaceswhereitisnowplanted.ButChristianBunnoftheInternationalCenterforTropicalAgriculturesayschocolatewon’tdisappearanytimesoon.Planstoprotectitarealreadytakingshape.Onesolutiontotheproblemiscrossbreeding(雜交).Scientistshavedevelopednewcacaotreesthatstanduptodisease.Someevenproducemorecacao.Weatherstationswillalsohelp.GroupsarebuildingtheminAfrica.Around70%ofcacaoisgrownthere.Informationfromthestationswillhelpfarmersknowwhentoplanttrees.“Yearsback,farmerswouldfollowfarmingrulesthatgowiththeseasons,”Bunnsaid.“Thoserulesdon'talwaysapplyanymore.”Thesefixescouldhelpfarmersgrowmorecacaoonlessland.Thatcouldhelpendthepushtoclearrainforest.That’sgoodforchocolate,andasweetdealfortheplanet.“Everythinghasasideeffect,”Bunnsaid.“Wehavetobesmarteraboutourfood.”2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“standupto”inparagraph5probablymean?A．Gowith. B．Diefrom. C．Protectagainst. D．Bringabout.3．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothechocolateprotectionplans?A．Doubtful. B．Uncaring. C．Positive. D．Disapproving.PassageCBingewatching(追劇)yourfavoriteTVseriesisbadforyourbrain.Dr.RandallWright,basedinTexas,saidtheneedtowatchepisode(集)afterepisodehasasimilarinfluenceonthebraintogambling(賭博).What’smore,itoftenleadstosocialloneliness,snackingonjunkfoodandashortageofexerciseandsleep,which,overtime,isbadforthebrain.4.Whatmight“it”inparagraphIreferto?A．Gambling. B．Bingewatching. C．TVseries. D．Brain.PassageDItallbeganinEverett,Washington,wheremyprojectteamwasintheprocessofconductingoneofourbusinesssystems.Sotoughwastheprojectthatweoftenstayeduppletingthetasksassigned.Allofuswerewornout.Onenight,asIwalkedthroughtheparkinglotwithoneofmyemployees.Ifoundacentandpickeditup.Glancingatmyexhaustedemployee.Isuddenlyhadanideatodelighthim.Jokingly,Ipresentedthecenttotheemployeeandsaid,"Thisisaninformalawardforyourefforts."Heputthecentinhispocket."Thankyou,"hesaid,awaveofjoysweepingacrosshisface.Aboutsixmonthslater,Iwaswalkingwiththesameemployee,thistimeinLosAlamitos,California,whenIagainfoundacentandgaveittohimwiththesamewords.Later,Igotintohisofficeandthere,tapedonapieceofpaper,werethetwocents,whichmademesurprised.Hesaidhewasdisplayingthemashisrecognitionforajobwelldone.Otheremployeesnoticedthecentsproudlydisplayedandbeganaskingwhytheyhadn'treceivedany.Theywerealsolongingforthe"reward".ItwasthenthatIstartedhandingoutcents,explainingthattheywereforrecognition,notforreward.Soon,somanypeoplewantedthemthatIdesignedacentholder.Thefrontfeaturesaplaceforacentandbesideitthephrase,"Yourworkisrecognized!"Thebackhasroomfor30morecentsandthephrase,"Yourachievementscount!"Onetime,Ispottedanemployee,Mia,doingsomethingrightandwantedtorecognizeher,butIdidn'thaveacent,soIgaveheraquarter.Laterthesamedayshestoppedbyandreturned24cents.That'showthe"OneCentAward"wasborn.It'sbeeasignificantsourceofrecognitioninourorganization.1．Whydidtheauthorgiveacenttotheemployeeinitially?A．Toamusehim. B．Tosurprisehim. C．Torewardhim. D．Topraisehim.2．Whatinspiredtheauthortohandoutcents?A．Thedesignofacentholder. B．Thesharedbeliefsinhisteam.C．Theeagernessoffellowemployees. D．Thedesireforbetterachievements.3．WhydidMiareturntheauthor24cents?A．Shewasadvisedtodoso. B．Onecentstoodforrecognition.C．Theauthorwasmeanwithmoney. D．Itisthepany'sstrictregulation.4．Whichcanbestdescribetheemployeesreceivingonecent?A．Greedy. B．Talented. C．Informed. D．Motivated.三、課后作業(yè)1、聽力小練聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatwillthewomanbuy?A．Ahat.B．Apostcard.C．Atoy.7．Howmuchwillthewomanpay?A．$80.B．$65.C．$45.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8．Whatdoesthewomanplantodotoday?A．Gocamping.B．VisitLinda.C．Finishherreport.9．Whenwillthemangointotown?A．OnFriday.B．OnSaturday.C．OnSunday.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．Whatistheman?A．Adoctor.B．Anengineer.C．Anactor.11．Whatdoesthemandoforthecity?A.Hebuildsroadsandbridges.B．Hedesignsbuildings.C．Hedesignsroadsandbridges.12．What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Oldfriends.B．Newfriends.C．Relatives.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．HowoldisMarynow?A．18.B．20.C．21.14．WhatisMary'sbrother?A．Afashiondesigner.B．Amodel.C．Aphotographer.15．FromwhomdidMaryreceivetheearrings?A．Jenny.B．Herboyfriend.C．Herbrother.16．Whatwillthemanmostprobablydotomorrow?A．Chooseagifthimself.B．Askforadviceonpickingadress.C．Celebratehisgirlfriend'sbirthday.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．Whatdayisittoday?A．Monday.B．Tuesday.C．Wednesday.18．Whichseasonistheweatherreportabout?A．Spring.B．Summer.C．Winter.19．Whatdoestheweatherreportersuggestpeopledo?A．Wearwarmclothes.B．Drinkmorewater.C．Sleepoutside.20．Whatisthenextprogramabout?A．Theinternationalnews.B．Thelocalnews.C．Thetrafficreport.2、閱讀練習(xí)PassageAJiangShumeilearnedherfirstChinesecharacterattheageof60.Now,the87yearoldgrandmotheristheproudauthorofsixbooks.Shelearnedherfirstcharacterin1996,afterherhusbanddiedinadevastatingcaraccident,whenherdaughterZhangAilingsuggestedthatshelearntoreadtotakehermindoffthelonelinessandsadness.Theelderlywomanbadherownwayoflearning.Sheposedlyricsforsongs,andaskedchildrentowritethemdown,sothatshecouldreadeachcharacterasshesangthesongsagainandagain.Whenevershecameacrosscharactersshedidn’tknowonpamphlets,busstops,orshopsigns,shefoundsomeonetoask.“Itsoundsunbelievable,andmybrotherusedtolaughatmydaydreams.”thegrandmothersays.Shefirstputpentopaperin2012,attheageof75.Itwasnoteasy.Sometimes,pletingasinglesentencecouldtakeaday.Asacollegeteacherandawriterherself,Zhanggavehermotheralotofencouragementandhelp.Thefirstbook,TimeofTrouble,TimeofPoverty,waspublishedlaterthatyear,andprovedtobeasuccess.Somecriticsevenhaileditasthe“l(fā)ivedhistoryofanationplaguedbywar,deathandhunger”.Sofar,theelderlywomanhaspublishedsixbooks,totalingmorethan600,000charactersinlength.Inhersparetime,sheisalsolearningpaintingandcalligraphy.“Iwouldliketobeawriter,apainterandacalligrapher,”shesays,addingthatherdreamnowistohaveherownartexhibitionwhensheis90.“IfIcouldliveaslongas130,wouldyoustillsaythatitistoolateformetostartafter60?”sheasks,jokingly.1．WhydidJiangShumeistarttolearnChinesecharacters?A．Tochallengeherself B．Herdaughter’scaraccident.C．Herhusband’ssuggestion D．Togetridofsorrow.2．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Howshelearnedcharacters. B．Howshemetnewcharacters.C．Howsheposedsongs. D．Howshelearnttosingthesongs.3．WhatdidJiangShumei’sbrotherthinkofher?A．She’sdetermined. B．She’sodd.C．She’ssevere. D．She’sadmirable.4．WhatcanwelearnfromJiangShumei’swordsinthelastparagraph?A．Factsspeaklouderthanwords. B．Wherethere’slife,there’shope.C．It’snevertoolatetolearn. D．Nopains,nogains.PassageBAnold,wisemanwhogrewsickerfelthisjourneyonEarthwasingtoanend.However,hissonwasstillayoungmanandhadyettoreachhisfullpotential.Andsothefathertookituponhimselftoteachhissonthewaysoftheworld.Theoldmanhandedtheyoungmanawatch,afamilyheirloom(傳家寶)passeddownforgenerations.“Askthejewelerhowmuchit'sworth.Butdon'tacceptanyoffer.Instead,ebackhomewiththewatch.”Theboydidashewasinstructed.ThejewelersaiditwasonlyworthS100ashe'dhaveahardtimefindingabuyer.“Okay,”thefathersaid.“Thentakethewatchtothepawnshop(當(dāng)鋪).Seehowmuchyoucangetforthewatch.”Inhismind,theboydisagreed.Buthedidn'twanttoarguewithhisfatherinpoorhealthsohedidthejobanyway.Heevenwentaboveandbeyondtoseetwofriendsworkinginpawnshopsonlytobetoldthewatchhadscratches,which