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語(yǔ)法專題十、時(shí)態(tài)(必考)

史考點(diǎn)精講

時(shí)態(tài),顧名思義,"時(shí)”就是時(shí)間,"態(tài)”就是狀態(tài)或形態(tài).注意時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法概念.

【拓展】漢語(yǔ)只有時(shí)沒有態(tài).例如:我正在學(xué)習(xí);我昨天學(xué)習(xí);我明天要學(xué)習(xí).這三句話里的動(dòng)作發(fā)生

在不同時(shí)間即“正在"、"昨天"、"明天”.而三句話里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是“學(xué)習(xí)”,這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的形態(tài)一致,沒

有發(fā)生改變,故漢語(yǔ)里的動(dòng)詞沒有態(tài)的概念.

時(shí)態(tài):說明一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生時(shí)間,每種時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)時(shí)間段,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要有相應(yīng)的變化形式.

初中階段會(huì)遇到八大時(shí)態(tài),要求我們必須掌握的有六種時(shí)態(tài)(過去將來時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)很少考):現(xiàn)就

各種時(shí)態(tài)的概念(定義或用法)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)標(biāo)志詞、基本結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則等方面進(jìn)行詳細(xì)講解.

八大時(shí)態(tài)的概念和基本結(jié)

一、.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

1.概念:①表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).Ilikeplayingbasketball.

②表示客觀真理、科學(xué)原理、自然現(xiàn)象.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.

③在復(fù)合從句中,若主句為一般將來時(shí),時(shí)間和條件狀從常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來.

例:Ifitdoesn'train,wewillgotothezootomorrow.

2.時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞:always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,everyday(week,month,

year…),onceaweek,onSundays,atweekends等等.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):①主語(yǔ)+am/is/are

②主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞原形/動(dòng)詞三單形式(do/does)

4.動(dòng)詞三單形式變化規(guī)則:

一般在動(dòng)詞后+stalk-talks,write-writes,run-runs

以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾+esWash-washes,watch-watches,teach-

teaches

以輔音字母+0結(jié)尾+esgo-goes,do-does

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i再加es,但study-studies,try-tries,carry-

是以“元音字母組合+y”結(jié)尾的詞直接加scarries,stays,says,plays

二、一般過去時(shí)

1.概念①表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).Isawhimyesterday.

②表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Didheoftenwalktoschoollastterm?

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2.時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞:threedaysago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastnight(week,month,

year…),in1989,justnow,attheageof15,onceuponatime,usedtodosth(過去常常做某

事)….

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):①主+was/were

②主+行為動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)(did)

4.動(dòng)詞過去式(-ed)變化規(guī)則:

一般在動(dòng)詞后+edanswer-answered,help-helped,played

以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾+dmove-moved,use-used,notice-noticed

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i再加edcarry-carried,reply-replied,study-

studies

重讀閉音節(jié)以元音字母加一個(gè)輔音字stop-stopped,plan-planned,drop-

母結(jié)尾,雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加eddropped

不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式(外研版九上課本P159-P162)

三、一般將來時(shí)

1.概念①表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),及計(jì)劃、打算做某事.

例Iamgoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.Iwillcometoseeyoutomorrow.

②現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be+v-ing)表將來,常用于表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞,如,come,go,leave,start,arrive,

fly等.例IamleavingforBeijingtomorrow.

2.時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞:inthreedays,tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextday(week,month,

year…),soon,inthefuture,in2020等等.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主+am/is/are+goingto+do

主+will+do

四、過去將來時(shí)

1.概念:過去將來時(shí),表示從過去某一時(shí)間來看將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).

2.結(jié)構(gòu):

①主語(yǔ)+was/weregoingto+動(dòng)原

②主語(yǔ)+would+動(dòng)原

(對(duì)比一般將來時(shí)begoingtodo;willdo,過去將來時(shí)就是把be動(dòng)詞和will變成過去式)

例Ididn'tknowifhewasgoingtocome.我不知道是否他會(huì)來.

Hesaidhewouldstaywithus.他說他會(huì)和我們待在一起.

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五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念①表示此時(shí)此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.Thegirlislisteningtomusicnow.

②句中出現(xiàn)Look!Listen!后面句子用進(jìn)行時(shí).

③表示位置移動(dòng)的詞,用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來,如,come,go,leave,start,arrive,fly等.

Don,tworry.Heiscomingsoon.Look!PeteriswatchingTV.

2.時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞:now,atthemoment,thesedays等

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主+am/is/are+doing

4.動(dòng)詞-ing變化規(guī)則(現(xiàn)在分詞)

一般直接在詞尾加ingplay-playing,sing-singing

以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾,去e再加ingtake-taking,make-making,have-having

以“輔元輔”結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié),stop-stopping,shop-shopping,drop-

雙寫末尾的這個(gè)輔音字母,再加dropping,swim-swimming,run-running,

ingbegin-beginning

特殊變化lie-lying,die-dying,tie-tying

??嫉碾p寫加ing的動(dòng)詞:shop,stop,drop,run,get,sit,dig,put,begin,swim,chat,

prefer等

六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念:表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作.

例Iwaswritingalettertomyfriendatnineyesterday.

MymomwascookingwhenIarrivedhome.

2.時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞:atthistimeyesterday,atthattime,atsevenyesterday,justthen,those

days,when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主+was/were+doing

七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1.概念:①表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響:從過去開始,現(xiàn)在已完成或未完成;用次數(shù)表示經(jīng)歷或者表示

到目前為止量的積累.

例Tomhasjustfinishedhishomework.

IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.

IhavebeentotheGreatwallthreetimes.

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Wehavelearned1,000wordssofar.

②表示從過去開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常與since,for連用,動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.對(duì)since/for

短語(yǔ)提問用howlong(多久).

例Ihavelivedheresince2012.Ihavebeenherefor5years.

區(qū)別:since+時(shí)間點(diǎn);for+時(shí)間段.

since+過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(自從...)

Ihavelivedheresince2012.

since+時(shí)間段+ago

Ihavelivedheresince10yearsago.

since+過去時(shí)從句

IhavelivedheresinceImovedherein2012.

注意:短暫性動(dòng)詞(瞬間動(dòng)詞;非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞)可以用于完成時(shí),但是不能與延續(xù)性的for、since連用.補(bǔ)充:

區(qū)分動(dòng)詞延續(xù)不延續(xù),可以在前面加〃一直",說得通就是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,說不通就是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.

【拓展】常見的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)非延續(xù)性性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的規(guī)律如下:

(1)、用意義相同或相近的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替代.如:

borrow^keep,buy—have,become—be,getup—beup,fallill—beill,

fallasleepfbeasleep,get/catchacold^haveacold

⑵、用〃be+形容詞”替代.如:

die^bedead,open^beopen,end/finish一beover,

⑶、用〃be+介詞或副詞”替代,如:

leave^beaway,begin/startsbeon,join^bein/beamemberof,come—bein/here,go

—beaway/out/there,reach/arrive/getto^stay/bein,comeback^beback,等等.

2.時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞already(已經(jīng),肯),just(剛剛,肯),yet(〃還沒",用在否定句和疑問句),ever(曾經(jīng)),

never(從不),before(以前),recently(最近),lately(近來),sofar(到目前為止),inthe

past/lastfewyears(在過去幾年里)等.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主+have/has+done

4.動(dòng)詞過去分詞的變化規(guī)則:規(guī)則的同動(dòng)詞過去式,不規(guī)則的單獨(dú)記(九上課本P159-P162)

5.短語(yǔ)辨析

have/hasbeenin在某地多久了(現(xiàn)在還在)

HehasbeeninShanghaifortenyears.他來上海十年了.

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have/hasbeento曾去過某地(幾次)(已經(jīng)回來了)

HehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.他曾去過上海三次.(現(xiàn)在說話的時(shí)候不在上海)

have/hasgoneto已經(jīng)去了某地(還沒回來)

HehasgonetoShanghaiandhasn'tcomebackyet.他已經(jīng)去上海了,現(xiàn)在還沒回來.

八、過去完成時(shí)

1.基本概念

(1)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作,即"過去的過去”.與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系.基本結(jié)構(gòu)是

"had+done".就是把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的have/has變成had,再加動(dòng)詞過去分詞(用done來表示).

Bynineo'clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.

到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘,我們已經(jīng)收到200張飛船發(fā)來的圖片.

⑵表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始,一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常和for,since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀

語(yǔ)連用.和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)延續(xù)性表達(dá)一樣,此種表達(dá)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.

Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作.

2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+had+done(過去分詞)

①肯定句:主語(yǔ)+had+過去分詞+其他.

②否定句:主語(yǔ)+had+not+過去分詞+其他.

③一般疑問句:Had+主語(yǔ)+過去分詞+其他?

肯定回答:Yes,主語(yǔ)+had

否定回答:No,主語(yǔ)+hadn't

④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句?

⑤被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):主語(yǔ)+had(hadn't)+been+過去分詞+其他

中考中主要考查六大時(shí)態(tài)(除了過去將來時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)),判斷時(shí)態(tài),最重要的是結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)以及語(yǔ)境

準(zhǔn)確判斷所應(yīng)使用的時(shí)態(tài),然后確定相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu).

nnn?_iHr—n_-,-n_n-n^_n_,nQm

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主+be動(dòng)詞(amisare)

主(非三單)+d。(原形)

主(三單)+does(三單形式)

一般過去時(shí)主+was/were

主+行為動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)(did)

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一般將來時(shí)主+am/is/are+goingto+do

主+will+do

過去將來時(shí)主語(yǔ)+was/weregoingto+動(dòng)原

主語(yǔ)+would+動(dòng)原

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主+am/is/are+doing

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主+was/were+doing

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)i+have/has+done

過去完成時(shí)主語(yǔ)+had+done

考點(diǎn)精練

中考語(yǔ)法一時(shí)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

姓名成績(jī)

(共計(jì)50小題,每小題2分,總分100分)

1.EachofusWeChat(微信)nowadays,eventheoldpeople.

A.playsB.playC.playingD.played

2.-Wow!Themusicsoundswonderful!

-Yes.Jessietheviolininthenextroom.

A.playsB.playedC.isplayingD.wasplaying

3.一WhereisMr.Smith?

一Heisnthere.HeShanghai.

A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeento

4.IttwomonthssinceImyhometown.

A.was;leaveB.was;leftC.hasbeen;leaveD.hasbeen;left

5.一China,shigh-speedrailwaytechnologytheworldnow.

一That56strue.Ithasdevelopedrapidlyoverthepastyears.

A.ledB.wasleadingC.isleadingD.willlead

6.一Whydidn,tyouanswermycalllastnight?

一rmsorry,whenyoucalled,Idinner.

A.amhavingB.havehadC.washavingD.amhad

7.Lastyear,InotoutbecauseIhurtmyleg.

A.can;getB.can;gettingC.could;getD.could;got

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8.一Andy,whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterdayafternoon?

一IthefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjinwithmysister.

A.watchB.watchedC.waswatchingD.amwatching

9.Don,tleaveyourtoysonthetable,orIthemaway.

A.threwB.willthrowC.havethrownD.wasthrowing

10.-Mike,whyareyoustandingoutdoors?

-Imykeys.Ihavetowaithereuntilmymothercomesback.

A.havelostB.willloseC.hadlostD.lose

11.Henewspapersat8:00everyevening.

A.readsB.isreadingC.wasreadingD.hasread

12.-Yourwatchisreallyold.

-Yes,IitsinceIwassix.

A.haveB.willhaveC.havehadD.amhaving

13.LiLeitheschoolbuslastFriday.

A.missesB.missedC.wasmissingD.hasmissed

14.-Hello!MayIspeaktoKate?

-Sorry,sheisn'tin.Shepingpongoutside.

A.isplayingB.playsC.playedD.willplay

15.-Excuseme,whatisNickdoing?

-Look!Heflowersoutside.

A.watersB.wateredC.iswateringD.hawatered

16.-Brucesomuchinthepasttwoyears.

-Yeah,hebeshy,butnowheisconfidentandactive.

A.haschanged;usedtoB.changed;isusedto

C.changed;usedtoD.haschanged;isusedto

17.IapartynextSaturday.Ihopeyoucancome.

A.hadB.washavingC.havehadD.wi11have

18.-Youdancesowell,Alice.

-Thanks.IChinesedancesinceIwas5yearsold.

A.learnB.learntC.amlearningD.havelearnt

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19.一Ourcomputerisworkingagain!

一Yes.OurITteacherit.Ittookhimaboutanhour.

A.hasfixedB.willfixC.isfixingD.wasfixing

20.Williamsixbooks,andallofthemarebestsellers.

A.willwriteB.iswritingC.haswrittenD.waswriting

21.ThereanEnglishshowthisweekend.Shallwegoandwatchit?

A.aregoingtobeB.wasC.willbeD.were

22.一Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?

一No,thanks.Isometeaalready.

A.havedrunkB.wasdrinkingC.willdrinkD.drink

23.Sofar,thenumberofpeopleusing5Gmobilephonesalot.

A.isincreasingB.areincreasingC.hasincreasedD.haveincreased

24.IsawBobinthegarden.Heflowersthere.

A.watersB.haswateredC.iswateringD.waswatering

25.一Whatgoodbooksdidyoureadrecently?

-ITalesofChinasincelastyear,andnowthethirdtime.

A.readB.amreadingC.havereadD.willread

26.一Jane,Irangyouuplastnightbutnobodyanswered.

一Oh,Itogetherwithmyparentswalksintheparkthen.

A.havetakenB.wastakingC.weretakingD.hadtaken

27.—Iwhenyoucalledmeat8:00lastnight.

一Nowonderyoudidn,tpickitup.

A.wastakingashowerB.amtakingashower

C.tookashowerD.takeashower

28.WewillplayfootballifitthisSaturday.

A.doesn,tsnowB.won,tsnowC.isn,tsnowingD.didn,tsnow

29.一Lily,whatdoyouusuallydoafterschool?

一Iexercisewithmyfriends.

A.doB.didC.willdoD.wasdoing

30.MyparentsandItreeslastSunday.

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A.plantB.willplantC.areplantingD.planted

31.Mr.SmithChinesefortwoyears.He'smuchbetteratitnow.

A.learnsB.waslearningC.haslearnedD.willlearn

32.It.Pleasetakeanumbrellawithyou,Annie.

A.rainsB.israiningC.rainedD.wasraining

33.Inthepast,peopledidn,tknowthattheeartharoundthesun.

A.willmoveB.movedC.wouldmoveD.moves

34.ThedocumentaryAerialChina《航拍中國(guó)》iswonderful.Sofar,Iitthree

times.

A.watchedB.willwatchC.havewatchedD.watch

35.一HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?

一Ofcourse.Actually,Ithereforsixyears,butnowIliveinBeijing.

A.workedB.wasworkingC.wouldworkD.haveworked

36.HewithourteacherwhenIsawhim.

A.wastalkingB.talksC.hastalkedD.willtalk

37.一yourhomework?

一Notyet.r11finishitintenminutes.

A.DidyoufinishB.Haveyoufinished

C.WillyoufinishD.Doyoufinish

38.一DoyouknowMountWudanginShiyan?

一Yes,Iittwice.It'sfantastic.

A.hadclimbedB.climbC.climbedD.haveclimbed

39.一IsHelenhere?

一No,sheisn'there.Sheinhalfanhour.

A.arrivesB.arrivedC.willarriveD.hasarrived

40.一IsHelenhere?

一No,sheisnthere.Sheinhalfanhour.

A.arrivesB.arrivedC.willarriveD.hasarrived

41.IjoinedthebookclublastmonthandIfivebooksalready.

A.amreadingB.havereadC.willreadD.read

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