版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡(jiǎn)介
語(yǔ)法專題十、時(shí)態(tài)(必考)
史考點(diǎn)精講
時(shí)態(tài),顧名思義,"時(shí)”就是時(shí)間,"態(tài)”就是狀態(tài)或形態(tài).注意時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法概念.
【拓展】漢語(yǔ)只有時(shí)沒有態(tài).例如:我正在學(xué)習(xí);我昨天學(xué)習(xí);我明天要學(xué)習(xí).這三句話里的動(dòng)作發(fā)生
在不同時(shí)間即“正在"、"昨天"、"明天”.而三句話里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是“學(xué)習(xí)”,這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的形態(tài)一致,沒
有發(fā)生改變,故漢語(yǔ)里的動(dòng)詞沒有態(tài)的概念.
時(shí)態(tài):說明一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生時(shí)間,每種時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)時(shí)間段,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要有相應(yīng)的變化形式.
初中階段會(huì)遇到八大時(shí)態(tài),要求我們必須掌握的有六種時(shí)態(tài)(過去將來時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)很少考):現(xiàn)就
各種時(shí)態(tài)的概念(定義或用法)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)標(biāo)志詞、基本結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則等方面進(jìn)行詳細(xì)講解.
八大時(shí)態(tài)的概念和基本結(jié)
一、.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1.概念:①表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).Ilikeplayingbasketball.
②表示客觀真理、科學(xué)原理、自然現(xiàn)象.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.
③在復(fù)合從句中,若主句為一般將來時(shí),時(shí)間和條件狀從常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來.
例:Ifitdoesn'train,wewillgotothezootomorrow.
2.時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞:always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,everyday(week,month,
year…),onceaweek,onSundays,atweekends等等.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):①主語(yǔ)+am/is/are
②主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞原形/動(dòng)詞三單形式(do/does)
4.動(dòng)詞三單形式變化規(guī)則:
一般在動(dòng)詞后+stalk-talks,write-writes,run-runs
以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾+esWash-washes,watch-watches,teach-
teaches
以輔音字母+0結(jié)尾+esgo-goes,do-does
以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i再加es,但study-studies,try-tries,carry-
是以“元音字母組合+y”結(jié)尾的詞直接加scarries,stays,says,plays
二、一般過去時(shí)
1.概念①表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).Isawhimyesterday.
②表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Didheoftenwalktoschoollastterm?
1/11
第1頁(yè)共11頁(yè)
2.時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞:threedaysago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastnight(week,month,
year…),in1989,justnow,attheageof15,onceuponatime,usedtodosth(過去常常做某
事)….
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):①主+was/were
②主+行為動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)(did)
4.動(dòng)詞過去式(-ed)變化規(guī)則:
一般在動(dòng)詞后+edanswer-answered,help-helped,played
以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾+dmove-moved,use-used,notice-noticed
以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i再加edcarry-carried,reply-replied,study-
studies
重讀閉音節(jié)以元音字母加一個(gè)輔音字stop-stopped,plan-planned,drop-
母結(jié)尾,雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加eddropped
不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式(外研版九上課本P159-P162)
三、一般將來時(shí)
1.概念①表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),及計(jì)劃、打算做某事.
例Iamgoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.Iwillcometoseeyoutomorrow.
②現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be+v-ing)表將來,常用于表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞,如,come,go,leave,start,arrive,
fly等.例IamleavingforBeijingtomorrow.
2.時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞:inthreedays,tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextday(week,month,
year…),soon,inthefuture,in2020等等.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主+am/is/are+goingto+do
主+will+do
四、過去將來時(shí)
1.概念:過去將來時(shí),表示從過去某一時(shí)間來看將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).
2.結(jié)構(gòu):
①主語(yǔ)+was/weregoingto+動(dòng)原
②主語(yǔ)+would+動(dòng)原
(對(duì)比一般將來時(shí)begoingtodo;willdo,過去將來時(shí)就是把be動(dòng)詞和will變成過去式)
例Ididn'tknowifhewasgoingtocome.我不知道是否他會(huì)來.
Hesaidhewouldstaywithus.他說他會(huì)和我們待在一起.
2/11
第2頁(yè)共11頁(yè)
五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念①表示此時(shí)此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.Thegirlislisteningtomusicnow.
②句中出現(xiàn)Look!Listen!后面句子用進(jìn)行時(shí).
③表示位置移動(dòng)的詞,用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來,如,come,go,leave,start,arrive,fly等.
Don,tworry.Heiscomingsoon.Look!PeteriswatchingTV.
2.時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞:now,atthemoment,thesedays等
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主+am/is/are+doing
4.動(dòng)詞-ing變化規(guī)則(現(xiàn)在分詞)
一般直接在詞尾加ingplay-playing,sing-singing
以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾,去e再加ingtake-taking,make-making,have-having
以“輔元輔”結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié),stop-stopping,shop-shopping,drop-
雙寫末尾的這個(gè)輔音字母,再加dropping,swim-swimming,run-running,
ingbegin-beginning
特殊變化lie-lying,die-dying,tie-tying
??嫉碾p寫加ing的動(dòng)詞:shop,stop,drop,run,get,sit,dig,put,begin,swim,chat,
prefer等
六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念:表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作.
例Iwaswritingalettertomyfriendatnineyesterday.
MymomwascookingwhenIarrivedhome.
2.時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞:atthistimeyesterday,atthattime,atsevenyesterday,justthen,those
days,when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主+was/were+doing
七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.概念:①表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響:從過去開始,現(xiàn)在已完成或未完成;用次數(shù)表示經(jīng)歷或者表示
到目前為止量的積累.
例Tomhasjustfinishedhishomework.
IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.
IhavebeentotheGreatwallthreetimes.
3/11
第3頁(yè)共11頁(yè)
Wehavelearned1,000wordssofar.
②表示從過去開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常與since,for連用,動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.對(duì)since/for
短語(yǔ)提問用howlong(多久).
例Ihavelivedheresince2012.Ihavebeenherefor5years.
區(qū)別:since+時(shí)間點(diǎn);for+時(shí)間段.
since+過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(自從...)
Ihavelivedheresince2012.
since+時(shí)間段+ago
Ihavelivedheresince10yearsago.
since+過去時(shí)從句
IhavelivedheresinceImovedherein2012.
注意:短暫性動(dòng)詞(瞬間動(dòng)詞;非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞)可以用于完成時(shí),但是不能與延續(xù)性的for、since連用.補(bǔ)充:
區(qū)分動(dòng)詞延續(xù)不延續(xù),可以在前面加〃一直",說得通就是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,說不通就是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.
【拓展】常見的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)非延續(xù)性性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的規(guī)律如下:
(1)、用意義相同或相近的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替代.如:
borrow^keep,buy—have,become—be,getup—beup,fallill—beill,
fallasleepfbeasleep,get/catchacold^haveacold
⑵、用〃be+形容詞”替代.如:
die^bedead,open^beopen,end/finish一beover,
⑶、用〃be+介詞或副詞”替代,如:
leave^beaway,begin/startsbeon,join^bein/beamemberof,come—bein/here,go
—beaway/out/there,reach/arrive/getto^stay/bein,comeback^beback,等等.
2.時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞already(已經(jīng),肯),just(剛剛,肯),yet(〃還沒",用在否定句和疑問句),ever(曾經(jīng)),
never(從不),before(以前),recently(最近),lately(近來),sofar(到目前為止),inthe
past/lastfewyears(在過去幾年里)等.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主+have/has+done
4.動(dòng)詞過去分詞的變化規(guī)則:規(guī)則的同動(dòng)詞過去式,不規(guī)則的單獨(dú)記(九上課本P159-P162)
5.短語(yǔ)辨析
have/hasbeenin在某地多久了(現(xiàn)在還在)
HehasbeeninShanghaifortenyears.他來上海十年了.
4/11
第4頁(yè)共11頁(yè)
have/hasbeento曾去過某地(幾次)(已經(jīng)回來了)
HehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.他曾去過上海三次.(現(xiàn)在說話的時(shí)候不在上海)
have/hasgoneto已經(jīng)去了某地(還沒回來)
HehasgonetoShanghaiandhasn'tcomebackyet.他已經(jīng)去上海了,現(xiàn)在還沒回來.
八、過去完成時(shí)
1.基本概念
(1)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作,即"過去的過去”.與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系.基本結(jié)構(gòu)是
"had+done".就是把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的have/has變成had,再加動(dòng)詞過去分詞(用done來表示).
Bynineo'clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.
到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘,我們已經(jīng)收到200張飛船發(fā)來的圖片.
⑵表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始,一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常和for,since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀
語(yǔ)連用.和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)延續(xù)性表達(dá)一樣,此種表達(dá)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.
Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作.
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+had+done(過去分詞)
①肯定句:主語(yǔ)+had+過去分詞+其他.
②否定句:主語(yǔ)+had+not+過去分詞+其他.
③一般疑問句:Had+主語(yǔ)+過去分詞+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主語(yǔ)+had
否定回答:No,主語(yǔ)+hadn't
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句?
⑤被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):主語(yǔ)+had(hadn't)+been+過去分詞+其他
中考中主要考查六大時(shí)態(tài)(除了過去將來時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)),判斷時(shí)態(tài),最重要的是結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)以及語(yǔ)境
準(zhǔn)確判斷所應(yīng)使用的時(shí)態(tài),然后確定相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu).
nnn?_iHr—n_-,-n_n-n^_n_,nQm
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主+be動(dòng)詞(amisare)
主(非三單)+d。(原形)
主(三單)+does(三單形式)
一般過去時(shí)主+was/were
主+行為動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)(did)
5/11
第5頁(yè)共11頁(yè)
一般將來時(shí)主+am/is/are+goingto+do
主+will+do
過去將來時(shí)主語(yǔ)+was/weregoingto+動(dòng)原
主語(yǔ)+would+動(dòng)原
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主+am/is/are+doing
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主+was/were+doing
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)i+have/has+done
過去完成時(shí)主語(yǔ)+had+done
考點(diǎn)精練
中考語(yǔ)法一時(shí)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)
姓名成績(jī)
(共計(jì)50小題,每小題2分,總分100分)
1.EachofusWeChat(微信)nowadays,eventheoldpeople.
A.playsB.playC.playingD.played
2.-Wow!Themusicsoundswonderful!
-Yes.Jessietheviolininthenextroom.
A.playsB.playedC.isplayingD.wasplaying
3.一WhereisMr.Smith?
一Heisnthere.HeShanghai.
A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeento
4.IttwomonthssinceImyhometown.
A.was;leaveB.was;leftC.hasbeen;leaveD.hasbeen;left
5.一China,shigh-speedrailwaytechnologytheworldnow.
一That56strue.Ithasdevelopedrapidlyoverthepastyears.
A.ledB.wasleadingC.isleadingD.willlead
6.一Whydidn,tyouanswermycalllastnight?
一rmsorry,whenyoucalled,Idinner.
A.amhavingB.havehadC.washavingD.amhad
7.Lastyear,InotoutbecauseIhurtmyleg.
A.can;getB.can;gettingC.could;getD.could;got
6/11
第6頁(yè)共11頁(yè)
8.一Andy,whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterdayafternoon?
一IthefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjinwithmysister.
A.watchB.watchedC.waswatchingD.amwatching
9.Don,tleaveyourtoysonthetable,orIthemaway.
A.threwB.willthrowC.havethrownD.wasthrowing
10.-Mike,whyareyoustandingoutdoors?
-Imykeys.Ihavetowaithereuntilmymothercomesback.
A.havelostB.willloseC.hadlostD.lose
11.Henewspapersat8:00everyevening.
A.readsB.isreadingC.wasreadingD.hasread
12.-Yourwatchisreallyold.
-Yes,IitsinceIwassix.
A.haveB.willhaveC.havehadD.amhaving
13.LiLeitheschoolbuslastFriday.
A.missesB.missedC.wasmissingD.hasmissed
14.-Hello!MayIspeaktoKate?
-Sorry,sheisn'tin.Shepingpongoutside.
A.isplayingB.playsC.playedD.willplay
15.-Excuseme,whatisNickdoing?
-Look!Heflowersoutside.
A.watersB.wateredC.iswateringD.hawatered
16.-Brucesomuchinthepasttwoyears.
-Yeah,hebeshy,butnowheisconfidentandactive.
A.haschanged;usedtoB.changed;isusedto
C.changed;usedtoD.haschanged;isusedto
17.IapartynextSaturday.Ihopeyoucancome.
A.hadB.washavingC.havehadD.wi11have
18.-Youdancesowell,Alice.
-Thanks.IChinesedancesinceIwas5yearsold.
A.learnB.learntC.amlearningD.havelearnt
7/11
第7頁(yè)共11頁(yè)
19.一Ourcomputerisworkingagain!
一Yes.OurITteacherit.Ittookhimaboutanhour.
A.hasfixedB.willfixC.isfixingD.wasfixing
20.Williamsixbooks,andallofthemarebestsellers.
A.willwriteB.iswritingC.haswrittenD.waswriting
21.ThereanEnglishshowthisweekend.Shallwegoandwatchit?
A.aregoingtobeB.wasC.willbeD.were
22.一Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?
一No,thanks.Isometeaalready.
A.havedrunkB.wasdrinkingC.willdrinkD.drink
23.Sofar,thenumberofpeopleusing5Gmobilephonesalot.
A.isincreasingB.areincreasingC.hasincreasedD.haveincreased
24.IsawBobinthegarden.Heflowersthere.
A.watersB.haswateredC.iswateringD.waswatering
25.一Whatgoodbooksdidyoureadrecently?
-ITalesofChinasincelastyear,andnowthethirdtime.
A.readB.amreadingC.havereadD.willread
26.一Jane,Irangyouuplastnightbutnobodyanswered.
一Oh,Itogetherwithmyparentswalksintheparkthen.
A.havetakenB.wastakingC.weretakingD.hadtaken
27.—Iwhenyoucalledmeat8:00lastnight.
一Nowonderyoudidn,tpickitup.
A.wastakingashowerB.amtakingashower
C.tookashowerD.takeashower
28.WewillplayfootballifitthisSaturday.
A.doesn,tsnowB.won,tsnowC.isn,tsnowingD.didn,tsnow
29.一Lily,whatdoyouusuallydoafterschool?
一Iexercisewithmyfriends.
A.doB.didC.willdoD.wasdoing
30.MyparentsandItreeslastSunday.
8/11
第8頁(yè)共11頁(yè)
A.plantB.willplantC.areplantingD.planted
31.Mr.SmithChinesefortwoyears.He'smuchbetteratitnow.
A.learnsB.waslearningC.haslearnedD.willlearn
32.It.Pleasetakeanumbrellawithyou,Annie.
A.rainsB.israiningC.rainedD.wasraining
33.Inthepast,peopledidn,tknowthattheeartharoundthesun.
A.willmoveB.movedC.wouldmoveD.moves
34.ThedocumentaryAerialChina《航拍中國(guó)》iswonderful.Sofar,Iitthree
times.
A.watchedB.willwatchC.havewatchedD.watch
35.一HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?
一Ofcourse.Actually,Ithereforsixyears,butnowIliveinBeijing.
A.workedB.wasworkingC.wouldworkD.haveworked
36.HewithourteacherwhenIsawhim.
A.wastalkingB.talksC.hastalkedD.willtalk
37.一yourhomework?
一Notyet.r11finishitintenminutes.
A.DidyoufinishB.Haveyoufinished
C.WillyoufinishD.Doyoufinish
38.一DoyouknowMountWudanginShiyan?
一Yes,Iittwice.It'sfantastic.
A.hadclimbedB.climbC.climbedD.haveclimbed
39.一IsHelenhere?
一No,sheisn'there.Sheinhalfanhour.
A.arrivesB.arrivedC.willarriveD.hasarrived
40.一IsHelenhere?
一No,sheisnthere.Sheinhalfanhour.
A.arrivesB.arrivedC.willarriveD.hasarrived
41.IjoinedthebookclublastmonthandIfivebooksalready.
A.amreadingB.havereadC.willreadD.read
9/11
第9頁(yè)共11頁(yè)
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 半年工作總結(jié)模板
- DB2201T 62-2024 肉牛運(yùn)輸應(yīng)激綜合征防治技術(shù)規(guī)范
- 職業(yè)導(dǎo)論-房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人《職業(yè)導(dǎo)論》押題密卷1
- 房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)操作實(shí)務(wù)-《房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)操作實(shí)務(wù)》押題密卷1
- 人資年度工作總結(jié)模板
- 農(nóng)學(xué)碩士答辯指南模板
- 年度目標(biāo)達(dá)成總結(jié)模板
- 人教版四年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)上冊(cè)寒假作業(yè)(六)(含答案)
- 河南省鄭州市2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試 生物(含答案)
- 二零二五年食堂廚具定制設(shè)計(jì)與安裝合同2篇
- 提優(yōu)精練08-2023-2024學(xué)年九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期完形填空與閱讀理解提優(yōu)精練(原卷版)
- DB4511T 0002-2023 瓶裝液化石油氣充裝、配送安全管理規(guī)范
- 企業(yè)內(nèi)部客供物料管理辦法
- 婦科臨床葡萄胎課件
- 三基三嚴(yán)練習(xí)題庫(kù)與答案
- 傳媒行業(yè)突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急預(yù)案
- 債務(wù)抵租金協(xié)議書范文范本
- 藥學(xué)技能競(jìng)賽標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案與評(píng)分細(xì)則處方
- 山東省濰坊市2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試 歷史 含解析
- 中醫(yī)診療規(guī)范
- 第14課《葉圣陶先生二三事》導(dǎo)學(xué)案 統(tǒng)編版語(yǔ)文七年級(jí)下冊(cè)
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論