Unit1friends提優(yōu)強化歸納牛津譯林版英語八年級上冊

譯林8AUnit1Friends強化提優(yōu)歸納一、補充詞匯序號英文中文例句1solve解決2worksthout解決3geton/alongwithsb和...相處好4breakup關(guān)系破裂5makeup和好6municatewith和...交流7becloseto=benear接近8bully欺凌9friendship友誼10betray出賣11forgive原諒12argue爭辯二、動詞形式歸納todohavesomethingtodrinkbewillingtodosth/bereadytodosth樂意做某事doinglikedoingdrawingpetitiondosomereadinghaveproblemsdoingsthdomakesbdo三、重要考點sharejoy/happiness/sadnesswith及物動詞+名詞haveagoodsenseofhumourhaveasenseofdirectiontellliestellyoufunnyjokes4whatmakesgoodfriends什么樣的人適合做好朋友makeanexcellentteacher成為5.someoneinneed有需要的人6.hislegsdon’tfitwellunderhisdesk7.sayabadwordaboutsb8.helppeopleanytimeanytime/anytime在任何時候，隨時。是副詞，前面不需要加介詞Callmeanytimehave/wearasmileonone’sfacemakesbdohelpsbwithsth12.anyother+單數(shù)“任何別的…”(與范圍內(nèi)的比較)any+單數(shù)“任何…”(與范圍外的比較)ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChinaShanghaiisbiggerthananycityinJapan.13.否定的比較級表示最高級Whatanicedress!Ihaveneverseenabetterone.14.further不僅可以指“距離更遠”，還可指“程度更深”,更進一步的。記furtherstudy(進修)furthereducation(繼續(xù)教育)

furtherinformation(進一步的信息)提問15.What’s...like...怎么樣？What’shelike?他是個什么樣的人？What’sschoollike?上學(xué)是什么樣的？四、名詞復(fù)數(shù)oneof+最高級+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)五、介詞someoneinneedwalkpastourdesksknockourbooksontothefloor

She’sasmallgirlwithaponytailMaxlookssmartinhissmallroundglasses對比TheboywithglassesisMax六、冠詞anhonestboyadishonestboyanexcellentteacher七、詞匯拓展honestadj.→dishonest(反義詞)honestyn2.patientadj.→impatient反義詞)3．happyadj.→unhappy/sad(反義詞)happiness→unhappiness4．humourn.→humorous(adj.)5．smilen.→smiling(adj.)6.swimv.→swimmer(n.)游泳者7.highadj.→height(n.)8.weighv.→weight(n.)八、名詞構(gòu)成序號形容詞動詞名詞1highheightinheight2weighweightinweighttheweightofloseweightputonweight3swimswimmer4singsinger5honesthonesty九、重點短語1.keepasecret/letout/giveawayasecret 保守秘密/泄密2.careabout 關(guān)心、takecare注意、小心takecareof=carefor照顧3.tellalie(tosb.) （對某人）說謊4.lie–lied–lied 說謊lie–lay–lain 躺詞義原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞躺lielaylainlying位于說謊lieliedliedlying放置；產(chǎn)蛋l(fā)aylaidlaidlaying5.playajokeonsb. 跟某人開玩笑6.tellsb.funnyjokes 給某人講可笑的笑話7.bewillingtodosth. 愿意做某事、樂意做某事get/bereadytodosth. 樂意做某事、準備好做某事haveagoodsenseofhumour=be(very)humorous 有很好的幽默感haveasenseofdirection有方向感9.inheight 在高度方面10.inweight 在體重方面11.patientimpatientbepatientwithsb12.inalowvoice 低聲地13.buytwomorebooks=buyanothertwobooks 再買兩本書14.eatonemoreapple=eatanotherapple 再吃一個蘋果15.sharesth.withsb. 跟某人分享某物16.qualitiesofagoodfriend 好朋友的品質(zhì)17.tellhimeverythingaboutyourself 告訴他有關(guān)你的一切18.sharemyjoy(不可數(shù))/sadness分享我的快樂/悲傷19.haveproblemswithsth. 在某方面有問題20.haveproblemsdoingsth. 做某事有問題21.believewhathesays(said)=believehiswords 相信他的話22.trustsb. 信任某人23.agreetodosth. 同意做某事24.agreewithsb. 同意某人的觀點25.oneofmybestfriends 我最好的朋友這一27.oneofthemostfamousfilmstars最著名的影星之一28.begenerous/kindtosb. 對某人慷慨/友善29.bereadytohelppeopleanytime在任何時候樂意幫助人30.helpmewithmyhomework在家庭作業(yè)方面幫助我helppeoplewiththeirproblems幫人們解決問題31.giveaseatonthebustosomeoneinneed 在公交車上讓座給有需要的人32.haveagood/sweetvoice 有個好/甜美的嗓音33.wearsmallroundglasses 戴小小的圓框眼鏡34.makehimlooksmart 使他看起來精干35.neverfeelboredwithhim 和他一起從不感到無聊36.aboringfilm 一部無聊的電影37.makemethirsty 使我口渴makesb./sth.+adj.makemelaugh使我大笑makesb.dosth.38.walkpastourdesks=passourdesks 從我們桌子旁邊經(jīng)過39.knock…ontotheground 把…撞到地上knockover撞翻,碰倒knock…off…把…從…上撞下來42.have/wearlongstraighthair留長直頭發(fā)43.sayabadwordaboutsb.=saybadthingsaboutsb.=speakillofsb.說某人的壞話44.atruefriend 一個真誠的朋友45.sth.worrysb. 某事困擾某人46.sb.beworriedaboutsth. 某人擔(dān)心某事47.choosesb.as/(tobe)yourbestfriend 選擇某人作為你最好的朋友48.looksmartinhissmallroundglasses 戴著他的小圓框眼鏡看起來帥51.makefriendswithsb. 跟某人交朋友52.amongthesixstudents 在六名學(xué)生當(dāng)中53.amongalltheChineseartists在所有的中國藝術(shù)家當(dāng)中55.asmallgirlwithaponytail一個扎馬尾辮的女孩55.aboywith/wearingglasses一個戴著眼鏡的男孩56.both……and….. 既…又….57.be/make/beeanexcellentteacher成為一名優(yōu)秀的教師58.feelboredorunhappy 感覺無聊或不開心59.likeherbrightsmilingeyes 喜歡她明亮略帶微笑的眼睛60.wear/haveasmileonone’sface 面帶微笑十、重點句型1.CanIhavesomethingtodrink? 我能要點喝的嗎？2.CanIhavesomemorefood? 我可以再要一些食物嗎？3.Thereisnothinginthefridge.=Thereisnotanythinginthefridge.冰箱里什么也沒有。4.Whatqualitiesareimportantingoodfriends? 在好朋友身上什么品質(zhì)重要？5.Whatmakesyourfriendsospecial？ 什么使你的朋友如此特別？6.Whatmakesgoodfriends? 什么造就出好朋友？7.Shewantstobeasocialworkerwhenshegrowsup.他長大后想做一名社會工作者。8.Hislegsdonotfitwellunderhisdesk. 課桌下面容納不下他的腿。9.Whensomethingworriesme,Icanalwaysgotoher. 當(dāng)有事困擾我的時候我總能到她那去。11.What’shelike? 他（像）什么樣？（品質(zhì)、性格）12.Whatdoeshelooklike? 他看起來什么樣？（長相、外貌）13.Howdoeshelook? 他看起來如何/怎樣？(長相、外貌)14.Whatdoeshelike? 他喜歡什么？15.Heisthetallestboyinourclass. 他是我們班最高的男生。=Heistallerthananyotherboyinourclass.=Heistallerthantheotherboysinourclass.十一、轉(zhuǎn)換1.buytwomorebooks=buyanothertwobooks 再買兩本書2.eatonemoreapple=eatanotherapple 再吃一個蘋果3.believewhathesays(said)=believehiswords 相信他的話4.haveagoodsenseofhumour=beveryhumorous5.walkpastourdesks=passourdesks 從我們桌子旁邊經(jīng)過6.Danielisthemosthardworkingstudentinourclass.=Danielismorehardworkingthananyotherstudentinourclass.=Danielismorehardworkingthantheotherstudentsinourclass.=NobodyelseismorehardworkingthanDanielinourclass十二、Studyskillsvocabularytree詞匯樹Avocabularytreecanhelpyouremembernewwordsquickly.Putthewordsintodifferentgroups,,looksandfeelings.Thenwritethegroupnamesonthebranches.Writedownthewordsontheleavesofeachbranch.Drawpicturesofthewordstohelpyouremembertheirmeaningsifnecessary十三、形容詞副詞比較級最高級變化形式歸納大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。規(guī)則變化

單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的詞后面直接加er,est原級比較級最高級talltallertallestsmartsmartersmartestshortshortershortest

特別提醒：以y,er,ow,le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞末尾加er和est。如：healthy,funny,busy,hungry,easy,happy,early,pretty,lazy,heavy,dirty,clever,narrow等。

以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾只加r，st原級比較級最高級nicenicernicestfinefinerfinestlargelargerlargest

“以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞改y為i，再加er,est原級比較級最高級easyeasiereasiestprettyprettierprettiesthappyhappierhappiestfunnyfunnierfunniestbusybusierbusiest

注意shyshyershyest

以一個元音加一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞（即重讀閉音節(jié)詞），需要雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加er，est構(gòu)成形容詞比較級和最高級?，F(xiàn)將出初中階段相關(guān)單詞歸納如下：原級比較級最高級slimslimmerslimmestbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnestwetwetterwettestredredderreddestsadsaddersaddest特別提醒：new,few,slow,clean等詞含有字母組合，且發(fā)的是長元音，不用雙寫。

大部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)的詞(即音標中含有三個或三個以上元音音素的詞)，要在前面加more，most原級比較級最高級beautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautifulimportantmoreimportantmostimportantinterestingmoreinterestingmostinterestingexpensivemoreexpensivemostexpensivepopularmorepopularmostpopular

特別提醒：以形容前綴un構(gòu)成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況，如unhappyunhappierunhappiest,untidyuntidieruntidiest

以形容詞+ly構(gòu)成的副詞要在前面加more，most原級比較級最高級slowlymoreslowlymostslowlyquicklymorequicklymostquicklyangrilymoreangrilymostangrilysoftlymoresoftlymostsoftlynoisilymorenoisilymostnoisily特別提醒：earlyearlierearliest

由ING分詞和ED分詞演變過來的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動詞如know→known)只能加more或most來表示它們的比較級和最高級。

原級比較級

最高級

interestingmoreinteresting

mostinteresting

excitedmoreexcited

mostexciting

tiredmoretired

most

tired

boringmoreboring

mostboring

不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest特別提醒：

further不僅可以指“距離更遠”，還可指“程度更深”。記住以下詞組：furtherstudy(進修)furthereducation(繼續(xù)教育)

furtherinformation(進一步的信息)furtherresearch(研究）furtherunderstanding

elder僅用于同輩之間的排行，如:eldersister(姐姐)

elderbrother(哥哥)

less作為“更少”僅用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，修飾可數(shù)名詞表示“更少”要用fewer。

少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞前面加more,most構(gòu)成比較級和最高級，這類形容詞一般為表語形容詞和由過去分詞變成的形容詞。afraidmoreafraid,mostafraidtiredmoretired,mosttiredgladmoreglad,mostgladboredmorebored,mostbored

下列形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級有兩種形式，即：既可加er/est也可加more/mostfriendly,clever十四、形容詞副詞比較級最高級重點句型歸納比較級一、.whichis+比較級，AorB?Whichis+比較級，sb,AorB?二、形容詞或副詞比較級+than…該句型為比較級的最基本句型。只要看到than，即可確定前面使用比較級。Theboydoeshishomeworkmorecarefullythanthegirl.三、比較級+and+比較級/moreandmore+多音節(jié)詞的原級該句型表示“越來越……”，如果該形容詞比較級構(gòu)成形式加er，則用前面的句型；如果該形容詞比較級加more構(gòu)成，則用后面的句型。Itisgettinghotterandhotter.Thegirlisbeingmoreandmorebeautiful.strongerandstronger越來越強大moreandmorebeautiful越來越漂亮四、the+比較級+…,the+比較級+…該句型意思為“越……就越……”，表示兩種情況同時變化。Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.Inthetest,themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.

.—HowcanIgetahighmarkintheingexam?—The youwrite, mistakesyouwillmake.A.morecareful;thefewer B.morecareful;thelessC.morecarefully;thefewer D.morecarefully;theless比較級前可以有一個表示程度的狀語，最常見的修飾詞是：,much,even,far。以下單詞也可用來修飾：any,,still,alot,alittle。YouknowevenlessaboutitthanIdo你對此事的了解甚至不如我She’sevenclevererthanhersister她甚至比她姐姐更聰明。Weareworkingstillhardernow.現(xiàn)在我們工作更加努力。Theirhouseismuchlargerthanours.ThebuildinglooksfaruglierinLondonthanhere難看的多Mysisterisalittletallerthanme.Thesunisalotbiggerandbrighterthanthemoon.大得多，亮得多TheyhavemanymoreEnglishbooksthanme多得多Isheanybettertoday?他今天好些了嗎Hewastootiredtowalkanyfurther.他太累了，走不動了Thetrainisnolongerinsight另外，名詞短語也可修飾比較級，說明程度。I’mthreeyearsolderthanhe.特別提醒：very,quite,too不可修飾比較級。.Itrainedheavilyandthewindblewalot.Andtheweatheriseven (bad)Therewillbealotofcloudstomorrow,soitwillbemuch_________(cloudy)Theflatsinthecitycenterarefar_________

(expensive)theseyears.the+比較級+of+兩者兩個中更...的一個比較級前一般不加冠詞。但表示兩者中較突出者，且比較級后又有名詞或出現(xiàn)了ofthetwo，這時比較級前一定要加the。Heisthetallerofthetwo.Ofthetwojobs，hechosetheharder.Whichistheyoungerone,LilyorLucy?試比較：Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralia?Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?Sheistallerthanhertwosisters.Sheisthetallerofthetwosisters.

1.Ofmyparents,motheris_________(old).2.Sheis_________(happy)oneofthetwins.情境中的比較級Mum,couldyoubuymethiswatch?I’dloveto,butIhaven’tgotenoughmoney.canbuya one.expensive B.moreexpensive C.cheaper D.cheapest()Thisbluesweateristoobigforme.Willyoupleaseshowmea

___________one?

A.small

B.smaller

C.thesmallest

D.smallestWhatanicedress!Ihaveneverseena__________(good)one.注意結(jié)構(gòu)的并列( )12.DanielisagreatHecandoworkbetterwith peopleand A.fewer;less B.more;less C.fewer;more D.less;fewer九、anyother+單數(shù)“任何別的…”(與范圍內(nèi)的比較)any+單數(shù)“任何…”(與范圍外的比較)anyother后面跟單數(shù)名詞，表示“任何別的”，即主語在范圍內(nèi)，必須把自身從這一范圍內(nèi)除去，否則邏輯上不通。如果主語不在這一范圍內(nèi)，那么要把other去掉，只用any即可。ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.（上海在中國這個范圍內(nèi)，所以用anyother）ShanghaiislargerthananycityinJiangsu.（上海不在江蘇，所以只需用any）10.—DoyouknowShanghaiisoneof intheworld?It’sbiggerthan cityinChina.A.thebiggestcity;any B.thebiggestcities;anyC.thebiggestcities;anyother D.thebiggestcity;anyother比較級+than+theother+名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式該句型相當(dāng)于anyother+名詞單數(shù)形式，常用來進行同義句改寫。該句型與句型十一雖然波表面上都是比較級，但實際上相當(dāng)于最高級。以下三句表達的是同一個意思。Danielisthemosthardworkingstudentinourclass.Danielismorehardworkingthananyotherstudentinourclass.Danielismorehardworkingthantheotherstudentsinourclass.特別提醒：表示兩者(人或物)比較時，比較的對象應(yīng)是同類事物，不同類的事物之間無法進行比較。

“否定詞+比較級”相當(dāng)于最高級。1.—RogerFedererisagreattennisplayer.—Iagree.Ithinknooneelseplays.A.good B.well C.better D.best十一．同類比較Myhairislongerthan

____________

A.mysister

B.Kate

C.mybrother’s

D.Lucys’十二、

為避免重復(fù)，我們通常用that,those,one,ones代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。one既可指人又可指物，只能代替可數(shù)名詞。TheweatherinChinaisdifferentfromthatinAmerica.Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthanthat(或theone)onthedesk.

Aboxmadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.

誤：Inwinter,theweatherofBeijingiscolderthanitofShanghai.正：Inwinter,theweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofShanghai.1.ThecarsmadeinJapanaremuchcheaperthan madeinAmericaA.ones B.those C.that D.it2，Theweatherhereiscolderthan________inNanjing.A.this B.it C.that D.theone

為避免重復(fù)，比較級中同樣的動詞用助動詞do,does,did替代。IspendlesstimedoinghomeworkthanJohndoes.Shetellsmorefunnyjokesthanwedo.

倍數(shù)表達法▲Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,lengthetc.)ofB.

Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.

這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）/這座新樓比那座舊樓大（高）三倍。

▲Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,etc.)asB.

AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。

▲Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,etc.)thanB.

Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。

用times表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double冠詞零冠詞Heistallerthanme定冠詞Heisthetallerofthetwoboys,Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.3,不定冠詞Ihaveneverreadamoreinterestingbook最高級一、Whichis+the+最高級，A,BorC?二、the+形容詞或副詞最高級+in/of/among+比較范圍如果這里為副詞最高級，前面的the常常省略。介詞in和of的用法完全不一樣。in表示“在某一范圍內(nèi)”，如：intheclassroom，intheworld。of表示“在同類之間”，of后面的詞與主語同類，另名詞前一般有冠詞the。among表示“在（三者或三者以上）之間”，among后接代詞或沒有修飾語的名詞。TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverinourcountry.Peteristhetallestofthesixstudents.Thispictureisthemostbeautifulamongthese.三、oneof+形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式oneof有三大考點：1.后跟形容詞最高級；2.后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式；3.作主語時主語為one，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Oneofthesmallestdinosaurswasaboutonemetrelong.四、序數(shù)詞加最高級。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlo