2018年05月CATTI 三筆實務(wù)真題（真題+譯文）

英譯漢:Section1Improvedhumanwell-beingisoneofthegreatesttriumphsofthemodernera.Theageofplentyhasalsoledtoanunexpectedglobalhealthcrisis:twobillionpeopleareeitheroverweightorobese.Developedcountrieshavebeenespeciallysusceptibletounhealthyweightgain.However,developingcountriesarenowfacingasimilarcrisis.Obesityrateshavepeakedinhighincomecountriesbutareacceleratingelsewhere.ThecombinedfindingsoftheWorldHealthOrganizationandtheWorldBankshowedthatin2016Asiawashometohalftheworld’soverweightchildren.OnequarterwereinAfrica.Residentsofdevelopingnationcitiesareincreasinglysusceptibletoobesity.AccordingtoIndia’sNationalInstituteofNutrition,overaquarterofurban-dwellingmenandnearlyhalfofwomenareoverweight.Thiscrisiswilltestthepoliticalresolveofgovernmentsthathavehistoricallyfocusedonendinghunger.Thesegovernmentsmustunderstandthatthefactorsmakingcitiesconvenientandproductivealsomaketheirresidentspronetoobesity.Urbanitesenjoyavarietyoffood.Additionally,internationalfastfoodchainsareflourishingindevelopingcountries.Thehealthrisksofsuchdietsarecompoundedbythesedentarylifestylesofurbandwellers.People’sleisuretimeisalsobeingoccupiedbytelevision,movies,andvideogamesinthegrowingnumberofhouseholds.Thealarmingimplicationofthesetrendsisthatdevelopingcountriesmaybecomesickbeforetheygetrich.Thatsicknessmay,inturn,cripplehealthsystems.TheyearlyhealthcarecostsinSoutheastAsiaofobesity-relatedcomplicationslikediabetesandcardiovasculardiseasearealreadyashighasUS$10billion.Suchdiseasesareanaddedburdenoncountriesalreadystrugglingtomanageprimaryhealthcareneeds.Policiesrelatedtotaxation,urbandesign,educationandawarenessandthepromotionoflocalisedfoodsystemsmayhelpcontrolobesityatalowercostthaneventualmedicaltreatmentforanincreasinglyoverweightpopulation.Somegovernmentshavealreadyexperimentedwithdirectinterventionstocontrolobesity,suchastaxationonunhealthyfoodsanddrinks.TheUSpioneeredthesodataxmovement.Thailand,Brunei,andSingaporehaveadoptedsimilarmeasures.SouthAfricaislikelytointroduceasugartaxbeginninginApril2018.ThecityofBerkeleyinCaliforniarecognizesthattaxesalonearenotenoughtoaddressobesity.Proceedsfromthecity’ssugartaxareusedtosupportchildnutritionandcommunityhealthprogrammes.Thisunderscorestheimportanceofeducationandawareness.第1頁共5頁Thereisalsopromiseininitiatives.Urbandesignholdssignificantpowertoreshapelifestylepatternsandpublichealth.Improvingtheattractivenessofpublicspacecandrawresidentsoutoftheircarsandlivingrooms.ArecentstudyofurbanneighbourhoodsinShanghaiandHangzhoufoundthatmiddle-incomeresidentslivinginwalkableneighbourhoodsenjoybetterhealththanresidentswholivedinlesswalkableneighbourhoodsinurbanChina.Finally,healthierlifestylesbeginingrocerystoreaisles.Governmentsshouldencouragetighterconnectionsbetweenagriculturalproductionsystems,urbangrocersandfoodvendors.Suchinitiativescanalsohelpurbanresidentsbetterunderstandthemechanicsoffoodsourcing.Thisraisesawarenessabouttherelationshipbetweennaturalfoodsandhealthylifestyles.Combiningcontrolsonunhealthyfoodswithpoliciesthatincentivizehealthyeatingandactivelifestylesconstituteapromisingresponsetorisingobesityrates.Improvingpublichealthisanimportantpolicydevelopingcountriesshouldtakefrombothaneconomicandsocialpointofview.ToquotetherecentGlobalNutritionReport,reducingobesitywillboostglobaldevelopment.Section2漢譯英：煤炭是地球上儲量最為豐富的能源，但反對使用煤炭的聲浪日益高漲。煤炭巨大的碳排放量引起氣候變化，從而引起公眾的擔憂。煤炭與其他能源相比，競爭力已經(jīng)有所下降了。以美國為例，頁巖氣的出現(xiàn)造成部分出煤量因價格過高而被擠出市場。美國去年煤炭需求接近9.2億噸。由于天然氣價格下跌，今年美國煤炭需求將減少6000萬到8000萬噸。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，煤炭滿足了全球大約30%的能源需求，提供40%以上的電力。在人口第一和第二大國中國和印度，煤炭所滿足的能源需求比例甚至達到70%左右。中國的煤炭消費量在去年已經(jīng)下滑，煤炭進口下降了11%，這是十年來的首次下降。中國經(jīng)濟增速已經(jīng)放緩，同時也做出極大努力削減煤炭使用以減少煤炭污染。由于燃煤發(fā)電廠沒有滿負荷運行，再加上煤炭供應(yīng)充足，造成國際煤炭價格壓低。煤出口價格從去年的峰值下跌了約60%。第2頁共5頁Section1(參考譯文)：InstituteofNutrition)的數(shù)據(jù)，城鎮(zhèn)人口中有超過1/4的男性和將近1/2的女性超重。政治決心，他們曾把工作重心放在如何消除饑級衛(wèi)生保健需求的國家來說，這些疾病無疑增加了負及促進本地化食品體系相關(guān)的政策可能有助于以更低的成本控第3頁共5頁城市社區(qū)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在中國城市中，相比于居住在步行街區(qū)較少的社區(qū)居民，那些居住在步行街區(qū)的中等收入居民要更為健康。業(yè)球發(fā)展。第4頁共5頁Section2(參考譯文)CoalisthemostabundantenergyintheworldbutopponentstoitsusearegrowinglouderHugecarbonemissionshavecausedclimatechange,leadingtopublicconcernsComparedwithothertypesofenergy,coalhasbecomelesscompetitive.IntheUSforexample,theemergenceofshalegashasresultedinthefactthatsomecoaloutputhasbeenpricedoutofthemarket.UScoaldemandlastyearwascloseto920milliontonsHowever,fallsinthepriceofnaturalgaswillcutUScoaldemandby60to80milliontonsthisyear.Figuresshowthatcoalmeetsabout30percentofglobalenergyneedsandgeneratesmorethan40percentoftheworld’selectricity.Intheworld’smostpopulouscountries,ChinaandIndia,thepercentageofenergyneedsmetbycoalevenreachestoabout70percent.CoalconsumptioninChinafelllastyear,withimportsdown11percent,thefirstfallinadecade.Withitseconomicgrowthhavingsloweddown,Chinaismakingstrenuou