湖南省長沙市2025屆零診暨畢業(yè)班摸底測試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省長沙市2025屆零診暨畢業(yè)班摸底測試英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）略第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ABeautifulGuatemalaisalandrichindiversityandculturalheritage.Whetheryouhopetosummitavolcano,hikethroughthejungleorexploreancientruins,Guatemalawillnotdisappoint.TikalNationalParkTikalNationalParkisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteandoneofthemostfamousplacesinGuatemala.Tikalcoversanestimated46miles(around74km)andisoneofthemostextraordinaryarchaeologicalsitesinCentralAmerica.Itishere,centuriesago,thattheancientMayancivilisationboomed.Chichicastenango“Chichi,”asit’sknownbythelocalKichepopulation,hoststhelargestmarketinCentralAmerica.ThetowncomesaliveonThursdaysandSundayswhenvendors(小販)comefromsurroundingareastodisplaytheirgoods.Themarketburstswithvariedcoloursandalivelyatmosphere,stockingeverythingfromvividly-coloredclothtotraditionalcarvedwoodenmasks.GuatemalaCityBrightlygraffitied(涂鴉)wallslinethebusystreetsinGuatemalaCitywhereyou’llfindtrendystores,relaxingbars,anddiverseartgalleries.MakesuretocheckoutLaEsquina,anindoorfoodmarketwithsomeofthebestfoodstallsinthecity.TheMuseoPopolVuhisaleadingmuseumintheworldofMayanart.HereyouwillbeabletospendacoupleofhoursappreciatingtheincredibleandcomprehensivecollectionofMayanaswellascolonialart.AcatenangoVolcanoVolcanoAcatenangotowersalmost4,000metresabovethesurroundinglandscapejustoutsideAntigua.Thehiketothesummitofthisvolcanoisoneofthetoughest,yetmostpopular,inGuatemala.Notonlywillyougettoappreciatethebreathtakingviews,butyouwillalsohaveabird’s-eyeviewofthenearby(andextremelyactive)VolcanFuego.1.What’sthebestchoiceforsomeoneinterestedinMayanhistory?A.TikalNationalPark. B.Chichicastenango.C.GuatemalaCity. D.AcatenangoVolcano.2.WhatdoweknowaboutGuatemalaCity?A.IthoststhelargestmarketinCentralAmerica.B.Itisaperfectdestinationforartlovers.C.Youcanbuyvividclothandmasksthere.D.MuseoPopolVuhisagreatfoodmarket.3.WhatisspecialaboutAcatenangoVolcano?A.AbirdviewofGuatemalaCity.B.ThehighesttowerinGuatemala.C.Thehiketothevolcanosummit.D.Itisanextremelyactivevolcano.〖答案〗1.A2.B3.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了擁有豐富文化遺產(chǎn)的拉丁美洲國家Guatemala一些著名景點。【1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文關(guān)于TikalNationalPark的介紹段最后一句“Itishere,centuriesago,thattheancientMayancivilisationboomed.(幾個世紀(jì)前，古瑪雅文明就是在這里繁榮起來的)”可知，古瑪雅文明曾在這里繁榮，因此如果游客對瑪雅歷史感興趣，可以去這個國家公園。故選A項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文關(guān)于GuatemalaCity的介紹段最后一句“HereyouwillbeabletospendacoupleofhoursappreciatingtheincredibleandcomprehensivecollectionofMayanaswellascolonialart.(在這里，你可以花幾個小時欣賞瑪雅人和殖民地藝術(shù)的難以置信而全面綜合的收藏品)”可知，這個地方有很多藝術(shù)作品，因此對熱愛藝術(shù)的人，這是旅游絕佳目的地。故選B項。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文關(guān)于AcatenangoVolcano的介紹段第二句“Thehiketothesummitofthisvolcanoisoneofthetoughest,yetmostpopular,inGuatemala.(攀登這座火山的頂峰是Guatemala最艱難但也是最受歡迎的徒步旅行之一)”可知，攀登該火山頂峰是最艱難，也是最受歡迎的徒步旅行，因此可推測這也是該火山最特殊的地方。故選C項。BMs.McIntyre,38,workedasapublisher.Shesufferedbraincancerandherhealthgotworsedespitesomemedicaltreatment.Butsherealizedthatinaway,shewasluckierthansomeotherpeople.Shehadinsurancetohelppayforhermedicalcare.ButMs.McIntyreandherhusband,Mr.Gregory,knewthatmanypeoplewithcancerfacetoughdecisionsbecauseofthecostsofmedicalcareandwindupowingfarmorethantheycanpay.Thoughherhealthwasfailing,Ms.McIntyredecidedtohelppayoffthemedicaldebtsofasmanypeopleasshepossiblycould.ThecouplebegandonatingmoneytoagroupcalledRIPMedicalDebt,whichiscommittedtoworkingtopayofftheunpaidmedicaldebtsofothers.Thegroupcanpayoffmedicalbillsforabout100timeslessmoneythantheycost.Inotherwords,forevery100donated,thegroupcanpayoff10,000inunpaidmedicalbills.Unfortunately,Ms.McIntyrepassedawaybeforelong.Mr.GregorypostedamessageforMs.McIntyreonhersocialmediaaccounts.“Ifyou’rereadingthis,Ihavepassedaway,”thepostbegan.Thenthepostexplained,“Tocelebratemylife,I’vearrangedtobuyupothers’medicaldebtsandthendestroythedebts.”Thecouplehadsetupapageonawebsitetoraisemoneyforthispurpose.Theyhadhopedtoraiseabout$20,000.Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.Mr.GregoryplannedaspecialeventinDecembertocelebrateMs.McIntyre’slifeandtoannouncehowmanymillionsofdollarsofmedicaldebtshereffortshadpaidfor.4.WhydidMs.McIntyrefeelluckierthansomeotherpeople?A.Thedoctorseventuallycuredher.B.Herdiseasedidn’tbecomeworse.C.Shehadsecurityaboutmedicalcare.D.Shehadadecentjobbeforebeingill.5.HowdidMs.McIntyreandherhusbandhelpothers?A.Bypayingfortheirdailydebts.B.Bygivingawaymoneytothem.C.Bypurchasingmedicalinsuranceforthem.D.Byriddingthemofdebtsfromtreatments.6.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thecouple’santicipation. B.Thepublicinvolvement.C.Theoperationofawebsite. D.Theincreaseofmedicaldebts.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMs.McIntyre?A.Influentialandunderstanding. B.Humorousandelegant.C.Cautiousandpromising. D.Enthusiasticandadaptable.〖答案〗4.C5.D6.B7.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了身患絕癥的出版商McIntyre女士與其丈夫捐贈善款，通過RIP醫(yī)療債務(wù)組織幫助他人清償巨額醫(yī)療賬單的故事?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Butsherealizedthatinaway,shewasluckierthansomeotherpeople.Shehadinsurancetohelppayforhermedicalcare.(但她意識到，在某種程度上，她比其他人幸運。她有保險來幫助支付醫(yī)療費用)”可知，麥金太爾女士覺得自己比其他人幸運，這是因為她有醫(yī)療保險幫助支付醫(yī)療費用，她有醫(yī)療保障。故選C。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thoughherhealthwasfailing,Ms.McIntyredecidedtohelppayoffthemedicaldebtsofasmanypeopleasshepossiblycould.ThecouplebegandonatingmoneytoagroupcalledRIPMedicalDebt,whichiscommittedtoworkingtopayofftheunpaidmedicaldebtsofothers.(盡管她的健康狀況正在惡化，麥金太爾女士還是決定盡可能多地幫助人們償還醫(yī)療債務(wù)。這對夫婦開始向一個名為RIP醫(yī)療債務(wù)的組織捐款，該組織致力于償還他人未付的醫(yī)療債務(wù))”可知，麥金太爾女士和她的丈夫通過償還他人未付的醫(yī)療債務(wù)幫助別人。故選D?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Thecouplehadsetupapageonawebsitetoraisemoneyforthispurpose.Theyhadhopedtoraiseabout$20,000.Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.(這對夫婦在一個網(wǎng)站上設(shè)立了一個頁面，為此目的籌集資金。他們原本希望籌集約2萬美元。盡管如此，麥金太爾女士的最后一篇帖子還是引起了很多關(guān)注。她網(wǎng)頁上的捐款很快就超過了總目標(biāo)。在不到一周的時間里，該網(wǎng)站籌集的資金是預(yù)期的10倍，捐款仍在繼續(xù)。截至2023年11月22日，麥金太爾女士的網(wǎng)頁已籌集了62.7萬美元，足以償還約6000萬美元的醫(yī)療債務(wù))”可知，本段主要介紹了公眾參與籌集資金，即公眾參與。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ButMs.McIntyreandherhusband,Mr.Gregory,knewthatmanypeoplewithcancerfacetoughdecisionsbecauseofthecostsofmedicalcareandwindupowingfarmorethantheycanpay.(但麥金太爾女士和她的丈夫格雷戈里先生知道，許多癌癥患者由于醫(yī)療費用而面臨艱難的決定，最終欠款遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過他們的承受能力)”可知，麥金太爾女士能夠理解他人的處境，根據(jù)第四段“Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.(盡管如此，麥金太爾女士的最后一篇帖子還是引起了很多關(guān)注。她網(wǎng)頁上的捐款很快就超過了總目標(biāo)。在不到一周的時間里，該網(wǎng)站籌集的資金是預(yù)期的10倍，捐款仍在繼續(xù)。截至2023年11月22日，麥金太爾女士的網(wǎng)頁已籌集了62.7萬美元，足以償還約6000萬美元的醫(yī)療債務(wù))”可知，麥金太爾女士很有影響力，由此可知，麥金太爾女士有影響力和理解他人的。故選A。CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培養(yǎng))asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(獨處)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspentonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.8.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills. B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems. D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over.10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels. B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples. D.Historicalanalyses.11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded. B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects. D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.〖答案〗8.B9.A10.C11.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了數(shù)字極簡主義生活方式的優(yōu)點，倡導(dǎo)簡單的數(shù)字生活方式。【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.(這本書的目標(biāo)是為數(shù)字極簡主義辯護(hù)，包括詳細(xì)探索它的要求和為什么有效，然后如果你認(rèn)為它適合你，教你如何采用這種哲學(xué))”可知，這本書的目的是倡導(dǎo)簡單的數(shù)字生活方式。故選B?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.(這個過程要求你在30天內(nèi)遠(yuǎn)離可選的在線活動。在30天結(jié)束的時候，你再加上一些你認(rèn)為會給你所看重的東西帶來巨大好處的精心挑選的在線活動)”可推知，畫線詞“declutter”的意思是“清理”，對在線活動進(jìn)行清理和挑選。故選A?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。通過文章第四段“Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.(在第一部分的最后一章中，我將指導(dǎo)您進(jìn)行自己的數(shù)字清理。在這樣做的過程中，我將借鑒我在2018年進(jìn)行的一項實驗，在該實驗中，1600多人同意進(jìn)行數(shù)字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介紹了實驗與數(shù)字清理的實際例子。故選C。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.(你可以將這些實踐視為一個工具箱，旨在幫助你建立一種適合自己特定情況的極簡主義生活方式)”可推知，作者建議讀者根據(jù)需要與實際情況使用第二部分中提及的實踐。故選A。DInmanylanguages,thewordfor“mother/mom”takesanm-sound.Isthereanyreasonforsuchnear-universality?Linguists(語言學(xué)家)generallyarguefor“thearbitrarinessofthesign”:noconnectionexistsbetweentheworddogandthefurryquadruped.Arareexceptionisonomatopoeia,wherewordsrepresentingthebarkofadog(bow-wow)andthebuzzmadebyabeearemoreorlesssimilartothesound.Yetmostthingsarenotsubjecttonamingthisway.Whataboutmama?Itdoesnotsoundlikeamother,butthefactisthatsomesoundsaremorewidespreadthanothersaroundtheworld.Therearemanydozensofobservedconsonantswhicharerareandhardfornon-nativestolearn.Incontrast,afew—suchasb,m,p,t,dandk—showupfarmorefrequently,innearlyeveryspokenlanguageintheworld.Thatisalmostcertainlybecausetheyareeasytomake.Ababyvocalisingwill,atfirst,makeavowel-likesound,usuallysomethinglike“ah”,whichrequireslittleinthewayofcontroloverthemouth.Iftheybrieflyclosetheirmouthandcontinuevocalising,airwillcomeoutoftheirnose,thusmakingthem-soundthatisusedin“mother”aroundtheworld.Thoughthe“mamas”bearthemostobvioussimilarity,the“papas”havestrikingcommonalities,too.Babiescaneasilystoptheirbreathwhentheyclosetheirlips(ratherthangoingonbreathingthroughthenose).Thisproducesab-orap-sound.Itissurelyforthisreasonthatsomanynamesfor“father”usetheseconsonants:papainEnglish,abbinArabicandbabainMandarin.T-andd-soundsaresimilarlybasic,involvingasimpletapofthetongueagainsttheteeth:hencedaddy,tatay(Tagalog)ortayta(Quechua).Fatherandmotherare,therefore,anoddity.F-isnotespeciallyeasytoutter(發(fā)音);th-soundsareevenharder.English,GreekandSpanishareunusualinhavingthem.EvenAnglophonechildrenmaystrugglewithth-soundswhentheyarefive,orolderstillinmanycases.Anyway,itishardtofindlinguisticuniversalsamidtheworld’sdazzlingvariety.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“quadruped”inParagraph2mostprobablyreferto?A.Pronunciation B.Sound C.Bee D.Animal13.“Mamas”and“papas”areusedsouniversallybecause________.A.thesoundsofthetwowordssoundalikeB.airwillcomeoutofbaby’smouthdirectlyC.thesoundscanbeeasilyandnaturallyutteredD.babiescancontinuetheirbreathwhenclosingtheirlips14.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwordsmightbethemostdifficulttoarticulate?A.Forthcoming. B.Programme. C.Magnificent. D.Magazine.15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Inspirationfrombabies’smileandtalks.B.Linguists’effortstotheresearchofsounds.C.Connectionbetweenthewordmumanddad.D.Reasonsforsimilarsoundsinunrelatedlanguages.〖答案〗12.D13.C14.A15.D【語篇解讀】本文是篇議論文。文章主要在探討在不同的語言中，一些相似的發(fā)音存在的原因是什么?！?2題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“noconnectionexistsbetweentheworddogandthefurryquadruped.”（單詞dog和毛茸茸的quadruped之間沒有任何聯(lián)系。）及句中“dog”和“furry”（長毛的）可知，劃線詞應(yīng)該是指和狗一樣的長毛的動物。故選D。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“afew—suchasb,m,p,t,dandk—showupfarmorefrequently,innearlyeveryspokenlanguageintheworld.Thatisalmostcertainlybecausetheyareeasytomake.”（有少數(shù)幾個，比如b、m、p、t、d和k，在世界上幾乎每一種口語中出現(xiàn)的頻率都要高得多，這幾乎可以肯定是因為它們?nèi)菀装l(fā)出。）可知，“Mamas”和“Papas”被如此普遍使用是因為它們會很容易、很自然地被發(fā)出讀音。故選C?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“F-isnotespeciallyeasytoutter(發(fā)音);th-soundsareevenharder.”（F-不是特別容易發(fā)音；th音更難發(fā)音。）可知，選項A中的含有“F”和“th”，所以最難清晰地發(fā)音。故選A?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Inmanylanguages,thewordfor“mother/mom”takesanm-sound.Isthereanyreasonforsuchnear-universality?”（在許多語言中，““mother/mom”這個詞帶有m音，這種近乎普遍的現(xiàn)象有什么原因嗎?）并結(jié)合全文可知，本文主要在討論許多發(fā)音普遍存在于不同的語言中的原因。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。AEuropeanstreettodaymaysmelllikecoffee,fresh-bakedbreadandcigarettes.___16___?HistoriansandscientistsacrossEuropehavenowgottentogetherwithperfumers(香水制造者)andmuseumsforauniqueprojectcalled“Odeuropa”—tocapturewhatEuropesmelledlikebetweenthe16thandearly20thcenturies.Tosuccessfullyfinishthisthree-year-longproject,theresearchersneedtofindalltheoldscentsofEurope-andevenrecreatesomeofthisancientsmellscape.Todothis,theywillfirstbuildartificialintelligencethatwillbetrainedtoscanhistoricaltexts,writteninsevendifferentlanguages,foranydescriptionsofsmells.___17___.The“Encyclopedia(百科全書)ofSmellHeritage”willincludethemeaningofcertainscentsandwilltracethestoriesbehindscents,placesandolfactory(嗅覺的)practices.___18___,enablingfuturegenerationstoaccessandlearnaboutthescentedpast.___19___,suchasdoctors.Inthepast,herbswereoftenusedbyEuropeandoctorstohealthesick.Theysmellspecialandtheirscentsshouldbeincludedintheencyclopedia.Butjustashistoryisfilledwithinterestingandpleasantsmells,it’salsofilledwithstinky(非常難聞的)ones.“Ifinditparticularlyinterestingtomaketheaudienceknowaboutawholerangeofscentssuchasastinkycanal,”saidCaroVerbeek,ascenthistorianandmemberoftheOdeuropateam.“Itwillmakeusmoreawareofhowwerelatetosmelltodayandhowdifferentlysmellswereappreciatedinthepast.Withcurrenttechnology,almosteveryscentcanbeproduced.___20___.Peoplehaven’talwaystalkedorwrittenaboutthem.”A.ItexpressedalongingforthecountrysidelifeB.ButwhatdiditsmelllikehundredsofyearsagoC.WhyisitfilledwithinterestingandpleasantsmellsD.ItwillbecomearecordforthesmellheritageofEuropeE.ThemoredifficultpartoftheprojectwillbetofinddescriptionsofscentsF.TheencyclopediawillalsoincludedescriptionsofpeopleforwhomsmellwasimportantG.TheteamwillthenusetheinformationtocreateanencyclopediaofsmellsfromEurope’spast〖答案〗16.B17.G18.D19.F20.E【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是歷史是寫出來的，讀出來的，講出來的，但很少有人去聞它。今天歐洲有一條街道可能聞起來像咖啡、剛出爐的面包和香煙的味道。但是幾百年前它聞起來是什么味道呢？科學(xué)家們正在試圖重現(xiàn)歐洲往日的氣味?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)空前“AEuropeanstreettodaymaysmelllikecoffee,fresh-bakedbreadandcigarettes.(如今，歐洲的大街上可能彌漫著咖啡、剛烤好的面包和香煙的味道。)”可知今天的歐洲街頭有著濃郁的面包、咖啡和香煙的味道，根據(jù)空后“HistoriansandscientistsacrossEuropehavenowgottentogetherwithperfumers(香水制造者)andmuseumsforauniqueprojectcalled“Odeuropa”—tocapturewhatEuropesmelledlikebetweenthe16thandearly20thcenturies.(歐洲的歷史學(xué)家和科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在與香水商和博物館一起開展了一個名為“Odeuropa”的獨特項目——捕捉16世紀(jì)到20世紀(jì)初歐洲的氣味。)”可知一些科學(xué)家正在探索16世紀(jì)和20世紀(jì)早期之間歐洲的味道，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該講的是幾百年前歐洲的氣味是什么樣子的，B項Butwhatdiditsmelllikehundredsofyearsago?(但是幾百年前它是什么味道呢？)承接上文，引出下文，而且B項中的it指代上文提到的AEuropeanstreet，符合上下文語境。故選B項?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Tosuccessfullyfinishthisthree-year-longproject,theresearchersneedtofindalltheoldscentsofEurope-andevenrecreatesomeofthisancientsmellscape.Todothis,theywillfirstbuildartificialintelligencethatwillbetrainedtoscanhistoricaltexts,writteninsevendifferentlanguages,foranydescriptionsofsmells.(為了成功地完成這個為期三年的項目，研究人員需要找到歐洲所有古老的氣味，甚至重建一些古老的氣味景觀。為此，他們將首先建立人工智能，訓(xùn)練其掃描用七種不同語言編寫的歷史文本，以獲取對氣味的任何描述。)”可知為了搜尋幾百年前歐洲的味道，科學(xué)家們會利用人工智能來掃描歷史文獻(xiàn)，尋找與氣味有關(guān)的描述，根據(jù)下一段首句“The“Encyclopedia(百科全書)ofSmellHeritage”willincludethemeaningofcertainscentsandwilltracethestoriesbehindscents,placesandolfactory(嗅覺的)practices.(《嗅覺遺產(chǎn)百科全書》將包括特定氣味的意義，并將追溯氣味、地點、嗅覺實踐背后的故事。)”可知空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與科學(xué)家利用找到的信息創(chuàng)建百科全書有關(guān)，G項TheteamwillthenusetheinformationtocreateanencyclopediaofsmellsfromEurope’spast.(然后這個團隊會利用這些信息來創(chuàng)建一個關(guān)于歐洲過去的氣味的百科全書。)指出科學(xué)家們將會利用這些信息來創(chuàng)建一個關(guān)于歐洲過去的氣味的百科全書，符合上下文語境。故選G項?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)空前“The“Encyclopedia(百科全書)ofSmellHeritage”willincludethemeaningofcertainscentsandwilltracethestoriesbehindscents,placesandolfactory(嗅覺的)practices.(《嗅覺遺產(chǎn)百科全書》將包括特定氣味的意義，并將追溯氣味、地點、嗅覺實踐背后的故事。)”可知《嗅覺遺產(chǎn)百科全書》將包括某些氣味的意義，并將追蹤氣味背后的故事、產(chǎn)生氣味的地點和嗅覺體驗，根據(jù)空后“enablingfuturegenerationstoaccessandlearnaboutthescentedpast.(讓后代能夠接觸和了解有香味的過去。)”可知《嗅覺遺產(chǎn)百科全書》可以讓子孫后代能接觸并了解香味的過去，空處承上啟下，所以空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與《嗅覺遺產(chǎn)百科全書》的意義有關(guān)，D項ItwillbecomearecordforthesmellheritageofEurope.(它將成為歐洲嗅覺遺產(chǎn)的記錄。)指出《嗅覺遺產(chǎn)百科全書》的意義所在，承接上文，引出下文，而且D項中的It指代上文的The“Encyclopedia(百科全書)ofSmellHeritage”，符合上下文語境。故選D項?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)空后“suchasdoctors.Inthepast,herbswereoftenusedbyEuropeandoctorstohealthesick.(比如醫(yī)生。在過去，草藥經(jīng)常被歐洲的醫(yī)生用來治療病人。)”可知在過去草藥經(jīng)常被醫(yī)生用來救人，所以空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)該提到了某些人，F(xiàn)項Theencyclopediawillalsoincludedescriptionsofpeopleforwhomsmellwasimportant.(這一百科全書也會包括對一些人的描述，對這些人來說，氣味很重要。)引出下文，符合上下文語境。故選F項?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)空前“Withcurrenttechnology,almosteveryscentcanbeproduced.(運用目前的技術(shù)，幾乎每一種香味都可以生產(chǎn)出來。)”可知運用現(xiàn)代科技，幾乎任何氣味都能被制造出來，根據(jù)空后“Peoplehaven’talwaystalkedorwrittenaboutthem.(人們并不總是談?wù)摶蛎枋鏊麄儭?”可知人們不總是談?wù)摶蛎枋龈鞣N氣味，空處承上啟下，所以空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)與氣味的描述有關(guān)，E項Themoredifficultpartoftheprojectwillbetofinddescriptionsofscents.(這個項目更困難的部分將是找到氣味的描述。)指出在這個項目中比較困難的部分是對于氣味的描述，與前文運用現(xiàn)代科技任何氣味都能被制造出來的簡單形成對比，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語境。故選E項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。HaveyoueverheardofandseenCanadiangeese?Doyouknowthatthey___21___freshgrassandseeds?Canadiangeesehaveagood___22___fortheirpoliteness.Theyalwaysbowdowntoyouwheneveryouwalkby.However,Ihaverecentlyfoundthattheycansometimesbe___23___totheirpeers,especiallyonoccasionswhentheyquarrelforfood——yes,these___24___gentlemendoquarrel,justforsomethingtoeatYesterdayIwitnessedtwoCanadianGeesearguing___25___foraclump(草叢)ofbeautifulfreshgrass.Theclumpwas___26___rightinthemiddleofthem,whilethetwowereshoutingnoisily,stretchingtheirnecksaslongastheycouldtolookaggressivelyateachother.It’s___27___towitnessthe“impolite”sideofCanadiangeese.Hence,Icouldn’thelp___28___mymorningwalk,standingstilltowatchthese“gentlemen”quarreling.Interestingly,afterashortwhile,atruckroaredpasttheirfeast,disturbingtheir___29___conversation.Thetwogeesewereequally___30___bythemassive“monster”,thusgivinguptheirconversation.Wouldtheystartquarrelingagain?Istoodstill,___31___theridiculousquestionandwaited.Beyondmyexpectation,rightafterthetruck’spassingby,thetwogeeseimmediatelylosttheir___32___forquarrelingasiftheyhadforgottenallaboutwhathadhappened.Eventhetwoturnedaroundandleftthe___33___inoppositedirectionsasifnothinghadhappened.Theyleftonlymethere,imaginingwhatmighthavehappenedwithoutthe___34___.Theygotalongharmoniouslyagain.Sometimesit’snotthatbadtobe___35___.21.A.drawon B.focuson C.feedon D.tryon22.A.desire B.reputation C.affection D.appetite23.A.generous B.faithful C.weird D.rude24.A.well-informed B.well-dressed C.well-behaved D.well-balanced25.A.fiercely B.blindly C.cautiously D.gently26.A.deserted B.located C.fixed D.laid27.A.frequent B.rare C.common D.constant28.A.restricting B.changing C.pausing D.speeding29.A.desperate B.simple C.serious D.disharmonious30.A.frightened B.annoyed C.crashed D.injured31.A.findingout B.dealingwith C.lookinginto D.wonderingabout32.A.passion B.reason C.talent D.anxiety33.A.scene B.destination C.landscape D.park34.A.looker-on B.passer-by C.truck D.clump35.A.upset B.forgetful C.mean D.greedy〖答案〗21.C22.B23.D24.C25.A26.B27.B28.C29.D30.A31.D32.A33.A34.C35.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要敘述了作者旁觀兩只加拿大鵝爭吵的故事?！?1題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：你聽說過或見過加拿大鵝嗎？你知道它們以新鮮的草和種子為食嗎？A.drawon利用；B.focuson專注；C.feedon以……為食；D.tryon試穿。根據(jù)后文的“freshgrassandseeds”可知，本句想表達(dá)它們以新鮮的草和種子為食。故選C項。【22題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：加拿大鵝以其彬彬有禮而聞名。A.desire欲望；B.reputation聲譽；C.affection感情；D.appetite食欲。根據(jù)后文的“Theyalwaysbowdowntoyouwheneveryouwalkby.”可知，每當(dāng)你走過的時候，它們總是向你鞠躬，故它們有良好的聲譽。故選B項?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們有時會對同伴是粗魯?shù)?，尤其是在他們?yōu)槭澄餇幊车臅r候——是的，這些舉止得體的紳士確實會爭吵，只是為了吃點東西。A.generous慷慨的；B.faithful忠誠的；C.weird奇怪的；D.rude粗魯?shù)?。根?jù)后文的“especiallyonoccasionswhentheyquarrelforfood”可知，加拿大鵝有時為食物爭吵，故它們有時是粗魯無禮的。故選D項?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們有時會對同伴是粗魯?shù)模绕涫窃谒鼈優(yōu)槭澄餇幊车臅r候——是的，這些舉止得體的紳士確實會爭吵，只是為了吃點東西。A.well-informed見多識廣；B.well-dressed穿著考究的；C.well-behaved舉止得體的；D.well-balanced平衡良好。根據(jù)前文的“Theyalwaysbowdowntoyouwheneveryouwalkby.”可知，加拿大鵝舉止得體。故選C項?！?5題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：昨天，我看到兩只加拿大鵝為了一叢美麗的新鮮草而激烈地爭吵。A.fiercely激烈的；B.blindly盲目的；C.cautiously謹(jǐn)慎的；D.gently溫和的。根據(jù)后文的“thetwowereshoutingnoisily,stretchingtheirnecksaslongastheycouldtolookaggressivelyateachother.”可知，兩只加拿大鵝激烈地爭吵。故選A項?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那塊草叢就在它們中間，兩只鵝大聲喊叫，盡可能地伸長脖子，挑釁地看著對方。A.deserted被拋棄的；B.located位于；C.fixed固定的；D.laid松弛的，從容不迫的。根據(jù)后文的“rightinthemiddleofthem”可知，草叢位于它們中間。故選B項?！?7題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：很少看到加拿大鵝“不禮貌”的一面。A.frequent經(jīng)常的；B.rare稀有的；C.common普通的；D.constant恒定的。根據(jù)前文的“Canadiangeesehaveagood2fortheirpoliteness.Theyalwaysbowdowntoyouwheneveryouwalkby.”可知，加拿大鵝舉止得體，加拿大鵝“不禮貌”的一面是稀有的。故選B項。【28題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：于是，我忍不住停下了早晨的散步，站著不動，看著這些“紳士”們爭吵。A.restricting限制；B.changing改變；C.pausing暫停；D.speeding超速。根據(jù)前文的“It’stowitnessthe“impolite”sideofCanadiangeese.”可知，因為很少看到加拿大鵝“不禮貌”的一面，作者忍不住停下了早晨的散步。故選C項。【29題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有趣的是，過了一會兒，一輛卡車呼嘯而過，擾亂了它們不和諧的談話。A.desperate絕望的；B.simple簡單的；C.serious嚴(yán)重的；D.disharmonious不和諧的。根據(jù)前文的“Theclumpwasrightinthemiddleofthem,whilethetwowereshoutingnoisily,stretchingtheirnecksaslongastheycouldtolookaggressivelyateachother.”可知，它們倆大聲喊叫著，盡量伸長脖子，惡狠狠地瞪著對方，它們的談話不和諧。故選D項?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：兩只鵝同樣被這個巨大的“怪物”嚇壞了，于是放棄了它們的談話。A.frightened害怕的；B.annoyed生氣；C.crashed碰撞；D.injured傷害。根據(jù)前文的“atruckroaredpasttheirfeast”以及后文的“bythemassive“monster””可知，在兩只鵝的眼中這輛卡車像個巨大的怪物，故它們很害怕。故選A項?！?1題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我站著不動，想著這個可笑的問題，等待著。A.findingout發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.dealingwith處理；C.lookinginto調(diào)查；D.wonderingabout想知道。根據(jù)前文的“Wouldtheystartquarrelingagain?”可知，作者正在想它們會不會再吵架這個問題。故選D項?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：出乎我意料的是，卡車剛過，兩只鵝就失去了爭吵的激情，好像他們已經(jīng)忘記了發(fā)生的一切。A.passion激情；B.reason原因；C.talent天賦；D.anxiety焦慮。根據(jù)后文的“Eventhetwoturnedaroundandlefttheinoppositedirectionsasifnothinghadhappened.”可知，兩只鵝不再吵架，失去了爭吵的激情。故選A項?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就連兩只鵝也轉(zhuǎn)過身來，若無其事地離開了現(xiàn)場。A.scene場景；B.destination目的地；C.landscape景觀；D.park公園。根據(jù)后文的“Theyleftonlymethere,imaginingwhatmighthavehappenedwithoutthe.”可知，它們只留下我一個人在那里，兩只鵝離開了現(xiàn)場。故選A項。【34題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它們只留下我一個人在那里，想象著沒有卡車會發(fā)生什么。A.looker-on旁觀者；B.passer-by路人；C.truck卡車；D.clump叢，簇，束。根據(jù)前文的“Beyondmyexpectation,rightafterthetruck’spassingby,thetwogeeseimmediatelylosttheir12forquarrelingasiftheyhadforgottenallaboutwhathadhappened.”可知，卡車擾亂了它們的談話，故作者想象著沒有卡車會發(fā)生什么。故選C項。【35題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有時候健忘也沒那么糟。A.upset心煩意亂的；B.forgetful健忘的；C.mean吝嗇的；D.greedy貪婪的。根據(jù)前文的“asiftheyhadforgottenallaboutwhathadhappened.”可知，兩只鵝忘記了先前的爭吵，故有時候健忘也沒那么糟。故選B項。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個單詞或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Despitestrictlawsandheavyfines