新高考英語三輪沖刺重難點練習熱點07 生態(tài)環(huán)保之閱讀理解押題（解析版）

熱點07生態(tài)環(huán)保之閱讀理解押題

縱覽2023年新高考I卷A篇的自行車租賃，引導學生培養(yǎng)綠色生活理念和環(huán)保意識，B篇的生態(tài)設計，引導學生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、解決問題，養(yǎng)成科學探究的精神，由此可知生態(tài)環(huán)保是高考英語的重點考查內容。體現(xiàn)了“立德樹人、服務選才、引導教學”的核心功能。預測2024年高考閱讀理解部分仍然會涉及到生態(tài)環(huán)保的話題。說明文是對事物或事理進行客觀說明的一種文體，它以說明為主要表達方式，通過解說事物或闡明事理，達到教人以知識的目的，在結構上往往采用總分、遞進等方式按一定的順序(如時間、空間、從現(xiàn)象到本質)進行說明。閱讀說明文的重點在于讀懂它說明的事物或事理，了解事物的性質、構造、成因、功能等，了解事理的含意、特點等。最近五年，說明文的出現(xiàn)變化不大，一直很穩(wěn)定，選材通常是各學科的前沿問題;高科技領域的科研成果;人們比較關心的社會問題，人文方面的經典。由于閱讀理解題的設置采用漸進式，即由簡到難的方式，因此說明文是高考試卷中閱讀理解題中相對比較難的，通常后置。閱讀理解試題的中要考點之一是考查學生對詞匯和句式的掌握。說明文的詞匯和句式的運用較別的體裁的文章難度更大。詞匯運用靈活，同一詞的不同詞性的用法交替出現(xiàn)，未列入考綱的生詞較多，通常達到了4-5%。不過考生可以通過說明文的語言特點來幫助理解語篇，例如，下定義、解釋、舉例、同義詞、反義詞、上下義詞以及標點符號(如破折號、冒號都有表示解釋和說明)等。典例分析典例分析（2023·新高考I卷B）WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”1．WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Hewasfondoftraveling. B．Heenjoyedbeingalone.C．Hehadaninquiringmind. D．Helongedtobeadoctor.2．WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A．Tofeedtheanimals. B．Tobuildanecosystem.C．Toprotecttheplants. D．Totesttheeco-machine.3．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A．ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B．ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C．TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D．ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.4．WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A．Naturecanrepairitself. B．Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C．LifeonEarthisdiverse. D．Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【答案】1．C2．D3．B4．A【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了JohnTodd從小就很愛思考且好學，他建造了一個生態(tài)機器，利用自然可以自我修復的原理來凈化污水。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(當約翰·托德還是個孩子的時候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往會變得清澈。長大后，約翰開始思考這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂)”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?(在大學學習了農業(yè)、醫(yī)學和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細菌？哪些魚類會食用致癌化學物質？)”可知，約翰聰穎好學、好奇心很強。故選C。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.(幾個星期后，約翰把污泥加了進去)”以及倒數第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.(他對結果感到驚訝。生態(tài)機器里的動植物把污泥當成了食物，開始吃了起來！幾周之內，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈水)”可知，約翰把污泥放進罐子里是為了測試生態(tài)機器。故選D。3．推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.(這些年來，約翰承擔了許多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個類似溫室的設施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設計了一種生態(tài)機器來清潔中國東南部城市福州的運河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應用。故選B。4．推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.(你把生物體放在新的關系中，觀察會發(fā)生什么。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復的方式)”可知，約翰工作的基礎是自然可以自我修復。故選A。（建議用時：8分鐘/篇）1.（2023·遼寧·統(tǒng)考三模）Withanabundanceofsunandwind,SpainispositioningitselfasEurope’sfutureleaderingreenhydrogenproductiontocleanupheavyindustries.Butsomeenergyexpertsexpresscautionbecausethisprocessreliesonmassiveavailabilityofzero-carbonelectricity.Greenhydrogeniscreatedwhenrenewableenergysourcespoweranelectricalcurrentthatrunsthroughwater,separatingitshydrogenandoxygenmolecules(分子).Theprocessdoesn’tproduceplanet-warmingcarbondioxide,butlessthan0.1%ofglobalhydrogenproductioniscurrentlycreatedinthisway.Theseparatedhydrogencanbeusedintheproductionofsteel,ammonia(氨)andchemicalproducts,allofwhichrequireindustrialprocessesthatarehardertostopfossilfuels.Hydrogenalsocanbeusedasatransportationfuel,whichcouldonedaytransformthehighlypollutingshippingandaviationsectors.Spain’slarge,windsweptandthinlypopulatedterritoryreceivesmorethan2,500hoursofsunshineonaverageperyear,providingidealconditionsforwindandsolarenergy,andthereforegreenhydrogenproduction.“IfyoulookatwherehydrogenisgoingtobeproducedinEuropeinthenextmillionyears,it’sintwocountries,SpainandPortugal,”saidThierryLepercq,thefounderandpresidentofHyDealAmbition,anindustryplatformbringingtogether30companies.“Hydrogenisthenewoil.”LepercqisworkingwithcompanieslikeSpanishgaspipelinecorporationEnagasandglobalsteelgiantArcelorMittaltodesignanend-to-endmodelforhydrogenproduction,distributionandsupplyatacompetitiveprice.Criticismhascenteredongreenhydrogen’shighercostcomparedwithhighly-polluting“grayhydrogen”drawnfromnaturalgas.LepercqarguesthatsolarenergyproducedinSpainispricedlowenoughtocompete.Globally,Lepercqsaid,“Electricityis20%ofenergyconsumption.Whataboutthe80%thatisnotelectrified?...Youneedtoreplacethosefossilfuels.Notin50years’time.Youneedtoreplacethemnow.”1．WhyaresomeexpertscautiousaboutgreenhydrogenproductioninSpain?A．Itneedslargeamountsofsunandwind. B．Ithasaneffectonheavyindustries.C．Itcausesconflictsamongcountries. D．Ituseslotsofzero-carbonelectricity.2．WhatistheadvantageofgreenhydrogenproductioninSpain?A．Idealgeographicalconditions. B．Thesupportfromgovernment.C．Hydrogenproductiontechnology. D．Well-developedpublictransports.3．WhatcanbeinferredaboutgreenhydrogeninSpainaccordingtoLepercq?A．Itishighlypriced. B．Itiseasytostore.C．Itiscompetitive. D．Itishighly-polluting.4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Spainmanagestousezero-carbonelectricity. B．SpainstrugglestoleadEUinheavyindustry.C．Spaintakestheleadinpreventingairpollution. D．Spainreplacesfossilfuelwithgreenhydrogen.【答案】1．D2．A3．C4．D【導語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了憑借充足的陽光和風，西班牙將成為歐洲綠色氫生產的未來領導者。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“Butsomeenergyexpertsexpresscautionbecausethisprocessreliesonmassiveavailabilityofzero-carbonelectricity.(但一些能源專家表示謹慎，因為這一過程依賴于零碳電力的大量可用性)”可知，一些能源專家表示謹慎是因為這一過程依賴于零碳電力的大量可用性。故選D。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段“Spain’slarge,windsweptandthinlypopulatedterritoryreceivesmorethan2,500hoursofsunshineonaverageperyear,providingidealconditionsforwindandsolarenergy,andthereforegreenhydrogenproduction.(西班牙面積大，多風，人口稀少，每年平均日照超過2500小時，為風能和太陽能提供了理想的條件，因此也為綠色氫生產提供了理想的條件)”可知，西班牙綠色氫生產的一大優(yōu)勢就是其優(yōu)越的地理條件。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段“LepercqisworkingwithcompanieslikeSpanishgaspipelinecorporationEnagasandglobalsteelgiantArcelorMittaltodesignanend-to-endmodelforhydrogenproduction,distributionandsupplyatacompetitiveprice.Criticismhascenteredongreenhydrogen’shighercostcomparedwithhighly-polluting“grayhydrogen”drawnfromnaturalgas.LepercqarguesthatsolarenergyproducedinSpainispricedlowenoughtocompete.(Lepercq正在與西班牙天然氣管道公司Enagas和全球鋼鐵巨頭ArcelorMittal公司合作，設計一種端到端的氫氣生產、分銷和供應模式，價格具有競爭力。批評的焦點是，與從天然氣中提取的高污染“灰氫”相比，綠色氫的成本更高。Lepercq認為，西班牙生產的太陽能價格足夠低，具有競爭力)”可知，Lepercq認為西班牙的綠氫生產極具競爭性。故選C。4．主旨大意題。根據第一段“Withanabundanceofsunandwind,SpainispositioningitselfasEurope’sfutureleaderingreenhydrogen(氫氣)productiontocleanupheavyindustries.(憑借充足的陽光和風，西班牙將自己定位為清潔重工業(yè)的綠色氫生產的歐洲的未來領導者)”以及第四段“Spain’slarge,windsweptandthinlypopulatedterritoryreceivesmorethan2,500hoursofsunshineonaverageperyear,providingidealconditionsforwindandsolarenergy,andthereforegreenhydrogenproduction.(西班牙面積大，多風，人口稀少，每年平均日照超過2500小時，為風能和太陽能提供了理想的條件，因此也為綠色氫生產提供了理想的條件)”根據最后一段“Youneedtoreplacethosefossilfuels.Notin50years’time.Youneedtoreplacethemnow.”（你需要替代那些化石燃料）可知，本文主要介紹的是西班牙憑借充足的陽光和風打算用綠色氫來取代化石燃料。由此可知，D選項“西班牙用綠色氫取代化石燃料”作為文章標題最為合適。故選D。2.（2023·江蘇·統(tǒng)考二模）OnahotsummerafternoonalongtheMandaviRiver,ShwetaHulewrapshersariaroundheranklesandbendstopickwild“weeds”fromtheriveranddropthemintoabowl.Theplantswillbemadeintofritters(炸果餅),tobeservedatthelittlerestaurantattachedtotheB&BHulemanagesintheIndiancoastaltownofVengurla.Wildedible(可食用的)plantsarecommoninkitchenshere.Hule’sweedisjuicy,whichisfoundinmangroveforests.Harvestingsomeoftheplantishelpingconservethemangroves,agloballyendangeredecosystemofsalt-toleranttreesthatstopcoastalerosion(侵蝕)andabsorbstormdamage.HuleisheadofSwamini,aself-helpgroupsetupbyninewomenfromafishingcommunityinVengurlawhostartedMandaviEcoTourismin2017.Vengurlaisknownforitsbeautifulbeachesandseafood,buttheclimatecrisishasmadefishingforalivingunsustainable,sopeoplearetryingtofindothersourcesofincome.Theycameupwiththeideaofrunningmangrovesafaris(觀光游)fortouristsinVengurla’sMandaviRiver.Thesafarisoffervisitorsauniquehour-longtourofthemangroves.Foodhasalsobecomeakeyattraction:localspicycoconutcurries,withhomegrownorwildvegetables.Touristsareencouragedtogocrabbing,andtheircatchiscookedandserved.Huleonlydiscoveredrecentlythattheweedwasediblewhenshemettouristsfromanothercoastalcity.Sheresearchedtheseleavesandlearnedthatthesaltyplantisrichinvitamins.Shemadeherownversionofthefritters,withchickpeaflour,andpresenteditatthewildvegetablefestival.“Itwasaninstanthit.Thisboostedtheconfidencetoincludethesefrittersinourrestaurantmenu,”saysHule.Swamini’slodginghousealsoservesvegetarianmealsandplatesoffishandcrabsourcedfromtheriver.“Thesatisfactionafterthevisitorsenjoyourmealistherealcurrency.WehadguestsfromLondonwhoweresohappywithourfoodthattheytookdowntherecipe.Suchpeoplehelpourbusinessgrow.Whatmorecanwewant?”saysHule.5．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheexampleofShwetaHule?A．DoastheRomansdo.B．Strikewhiletheironishot.C．Killtwobirdswithonestone.D．Biteoffmorethanyoucanchew.6．WhatdoesSwaminioffertovisitors?A．Eco-toursandaccommodation.B．Fishingguideservice.C．Vegetablegrowingtechniques.D．Hands-oncookingclasses.7．WhywereHule’sfritterswell-received?A．Theywerelessexpensive.B．Theyweretraditional.C．Theyhadtheirownfeatures.D．Theygotstronglypromoted.8．HowdidHulefeelabouttourists’obtainingherfoodrecipe?A．Lost. B．Proud. C．Worried. D．Curious.【答案】5．C6．A7．C8．B【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述ShwetaHule和幾位婦女創(chuàng)辦Swamini為游客提供生態(tài)旅游和有當地特色的食宿的故事。他們的舉動不僅幫助當地人增加了收入，還在一定程度上保護了紅樹林。5．推理判斷題。根據第一段的“bendstopickwild“weeds”fromtheriveranddropthemintoabowl.Theplantswillbemadeintofritters(炸果餅),tobeservedatthelittlerestaurantattachedtotheB&BHulemanagesintheIndiancoastaltownofVengurla.(彎腰從河里揀起野生的“雜草”，扔進一個碗里。這些植物將被制成炸果餅，供應給在胡勒在印度沿海城鎮(zhèn)文古拉經營的民旅館附屬小餐館)”和第二段“Wildedible(可食用的)plantsarecommoninkitchenshere.Hule’sweedisjuicy,whichisfoundinmangroveforests.Harvestingsomeoftheplantishelpingconservethemangroves,agloballyendangeredecosystemofsalt-toleranttreesthatstopcoastalerosion(侵蝕)andabsorbstormdamage.(野生可食用植物在這里的廚房里很常見。Hule的雜草多汁，這種草生長在紅樹林中。收割一些這種植物有助于保護紅樹林，這是一種全球瀕危的耐鹽樹木生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，可以阻止海岸侵蝕并吸收風暴破壞)”可知，這些雜草可以被制成食物，而且除掉它們有助于保護紅樹林，由此推知，ShwetaHule的例子可以說是一舉兩得。故選C。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段的“HuleisheadofSwamini,aself-helpgroupsetupbyninewomenfromafishingcommunityinVengurlawhostartedMandaviEcoTourismin2017.(Hule是Swamini的負責人，這是一個自助組織，由文古拉一個漁業(yè)社區(qū)的九名婦女成立，她們于2017年創(chuàng)辦了Mandavi生態(tài)旅游)”和第四段“Thesafarisoffervisitorsauniquehour-longtourofthemangroves.Foodhasalsobecomeakeyattraction:localspicycoconutcurries,withhomegrownorwildvegetables.Touristsareencouragedtogocrabbing,andtheircatchiscookedandserved.(野生動物園為游客提供了一個獨特的長達一小時的紅樹林之旅。食物也成為了一個關鍵的吸引力：當地的辛辣椰子咖喱，配以本土或野生蔬菜。游客們被鼓勵去捕螃蟹，他們捕獲的東西被煮熟后端上桌)”以及最后一段第一句“Swamini’slodginghousealsoservesvegetarianmealsandplatesoffishandcrabsourcedfromtheriver.（斯瓦米尼的旅館還供應素食，以及從河里捕來的魚和螃蟹）”可知，Swamini給游客提供生態(tài)旅游和食宿。故選A。7．推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段的“Huleonlydiscoveredrecentlythattheweedwasediblewhenshemettouristsfromanothercoastalcity.Sheresearchedtheseleavesandlearnedthatthesaltyplantisrichinvitamins.Shemadeherownversionofthefritters,withchickpeaflour,andpresenteditatthewildvegetablefestival.(Hule最近才發(fā)現(xiàn)這種雜草是可以食用的，當時她遇到了來自另一個沿海城市的游客。她研究了這些葉子，了解到這種咸味植物富含維生素。她用鷹嘴豆粉做了自己版本的炸果餅，并在野菜節(jié)上展出)”可知，Hule的炸果餅受歡迎是因為它們有當地的特色。故選C。8．推理判斷題。根據最后一段的““Thesatisfactionafterthevisitorsenjoyourmealistherealcurrency.WehadguestsfromLondonwhoweresohappywithourfoodthattheytookdowntherecipe.Suchpeoplehelpourbusinessgrow.Whatmorecanwewant?”saysHule.(Hule說：“游客們享用我們的飯菜后的滿足感才是真正的貨幣。我們有來自倫敦的客人，他們對我們的食物非常滿意，所以他們把食譜記了下來。這些人幫助我們的業(yè)務發(fā)展。我們還想要什么？”)”推知，Hule對游客想得到他們的食譜感到非常自豪。故選B。3.（2023·廣東梅州·統(tǒng)考三模）Farmingisdestroyingtheplanet.Buttherecouldbeamuchmoreenvironmentallyfriendlywaytofeedourselves:usingrenewableenergytoturncarbondioxide(CO2)intofood.“Thisisbecomingareality,”saysPasiVainikkaatSolarFoods.Thecompanyisbuildingthefirstcommercial-scalefactory,nearHelsinkiinFinland,whichwillbeabletomakefooddirectlyfromCO2.Atthefactory,renewableelectricitywillbeusedtobreakdownwatertoproducehydrogenandoxygen.Thehydrogenwillbeaddedtolargecontainers,wherethebacteriagrow,alongwithCO2andammonia(NH3)toprovidecarbonandnitrogenseparately.SomeoftheCO2willbetakendirectlyfromtheairatavisitors’centreatthefactory,Vainikkasays,andtherestwillcomefromindustrialsources.TheendresultwillbeayellowpowdercalledSoleinthatismadeofbacterialcellsandisupto70percentprotein.Itcanbeusedasaningredientinallkindsoffoods,frommeatalternativestograinsandsnacks.“Weareaimingatreplacinganimal-sourcedproteins,whichwethinkhavethehighestenvironmentalimpact,”saysVainikka.SoleinwasapprovedasafoodingredientinSingaporeinOctober2022,andSolarFoodsisawaitingapprovalintheUK,theEuropeanUnionandtheUS.Comparedwithplantcrops,Soleinwilluse100timeslesswaterperkilogramofproteinproduced,20timeslessland—includingthelandusedforenergyproduction—andproduceafifthasmuchCO2,accordingtoSolarFoods.Comparedwithbeef,akilogramofproteincanbeproducedusing600timeslesswaterand200timeslessland,againcountingthelandusedforenergyproduction,whileproducing200timeslessCO2,saysthecompany.Thereareotherbenefits,too:factoriescouldbesituatedanywhereintheworldandproductionwon’tbeaffectedbyweatherextremes.“WithSolarFoodsandothercompaniesscalingup(擴大)theirsystems,thisistrulysteppinginanewageofagriculture,”saysDorianLegeratConnectomixBioinGermany.9．WhatcanwelearnaboutSoleinfromparagraph3?A．Itwasusedasfeedforanimalsatfirst. B．Upto70percentofitcanberecycled.C．Itismadefromhydrogenandoxygen. D．Itcanbeappliedtofoodproduction.10．WhatadvantagedoesSoleinhaveinproducingakiloofprotein?A．Ituses600timeslesslandthanbeef. B．Itproduces200timeslessCO2thanbeef.C．Ituses200timeslesswaterthanplantcrops. D．Itproduces100timeslessCO2thanplantcrops.11．WhatisDorianLeger’sattitudetowardsthefutureofSolein?A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Ambiguous. D．Tolerant.12．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．CO2canberecycledtostimulatelocaleconomyB．NewfoodstrategyreducesbigquestionsonhealthC．AfactorywillstartmakinggreenfoodfromairandelectricityD．Campaignersrecommendwaystoreduceclimateimpactoffarming【答案】9．D10．B11．A12．C【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了芬蘭食品科技公司SolarFoods制造新型蛋白質，以緩解農業(yè)給環(huán)境帶來的壓力。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的“Itcanbeusedasaningredientinallkindsoffoods,frommeatalternativestograinsandsnacks.“Weareaimingatreplacinganimal-sourcedproteins,whichwethinkhavethehighestenvironmentalimpact,”saysVainikka.(它可以作為各種食物的原料，從肉類替代品到谷物和零食。“我們的目標是取代動物性蛋白質，我們認為動物性蛋白質對環(huán)境的影響最大，”Vainikka說。)”可知，Solein可以用作各種食物的原料，以此來取代動物性蛋白質，由此可知，Solein可以用于食物生產。故選D項。10．細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段中的“Comparedwithbeef,akilogramofproteincanbeproducedusing600timeslesswaterand200timeslessland,againcountingthelandusedforenergyproduction,whileproducing200timeslessCO2,saysthecompany.(該公司表示，與牛肉相比，生產一公斤蛋白質所需的水減少了600倍，土地減少了200倍(再算上用于能源生產的土地)，同時產生的二氧化碳減少了200倍。)”可知，每生產一公斤蛋白質，Solein制造的二氧化碳是使用牛肉制造的減少了200倍。故選B項。11．推理判斷題。根據“Thereareotherbenefits,too:factoriescouldbesituatedanywhereintheworldandproductionwon’tbeaffectedbyweatherextremes.“WithSolarFoodsandothercompaniesscalingup(擴大)theirsystems,thisistrulysteppinginanewageofagriculture,”saysDorianLegeratConnectomixBioinGermany.(德國ConnectomixBio的DorianLeger說：“隨著太陽能食品公司和其他公司擴大他們的系統(tǒng)，這真的進入了一個新的農業(yè)時代?！?。)”可知，DorianLeger認為隨著Solein等公司不斷擴大他們的系統(tǒng)，這真的進入一個新的農業(yè)時代，由此可知，DorianLeger對Solein的未來持肯定態(tài)度。故選A項。12．主旨大意題。根據首段中的“Buttherecouldbeamuchmoreenvironmentallyfriendlywaytofeedourselves:usingrenewableenergytoturncarbondioxide(CO2)intofood.(但是，有一種更環(huán)保的方式可以養(yǎng)活我們自己:利用可再生能源將二氧化碳轉化為食物。)”可知，本文首段引出本文的話題為我們可以利用可再生能源把二氧化碳轉化為食物，以及第二段中的““Thisisbecomingareality,”saysPasiVainikkaatSolarFoods.Thecompanyisbuildingthefirstcommercial-scalefactory,nearHelsinkiinFinland,whichwillbeabletomakefooddirectlyfromCO2.(“這正在成為現(xiàn)實，”太陽能食品公司的PasiVainikka說。該公司正在芬蘭赫爾辛基附近建造第一個商業(yè)規(guī)模的工廠，該工廠將能夠直接利用二氧化碳生產食品。)”以及下文中對該公司的介紹可知，一家公司正在建造一家商業(yè)規(guī)模的工廠，將用電分離出氫氣，使其和二氧化碳等發(fā)生反應，產生“綠色”蛋白質，從而減少農業(yè)對環(huán)境的損害，所以本文的標題為“工廠將開始用空氣和電力生產綠色食品”符合文章內容，且概括了本段的主題。故選C項。4.（2023·河北·統(tǒng)考二模）Oneaspectoftheclean-energychangewillhappeninsidebuildings.Manyhomesandbusinessesburnnaturalgasforheatingandcooking.Naturalgasgivesoutgreenhousegasesaswellasotherpollutantsthatcanharmhealth.Gasappliances(家用電器)canbereplacedbyelectricversionsandtapintocleanelectricity.PanamaBartholomyisthedirectoroftheBuildingDecarbonizationCoalition.Hisgroup,basedinPetaluma,Calif.,focusesonlimitinggasemissionsindoors.“Weassumetheelectricgrid(輸電網)isgettingcleanerovertime,whichitis.So,wewantmoreandmoreofourheatingtocomefromelectricity.”It’smucheasiertomakethesetypesoftransitionswhengovernmentsrecommendthem,saysBethMiller.SheisanecologistandconsultantwithGoodCompany.BasedinEugene,Ore.,ithelpscompaniesandcommunitiesreducetheircarbonfootprint.Somestatesarealreadytakingstepstomakethesechanges.OnSeptember22,forinstance,Californiadecideditwouldbanthesaleofgas-firedspaceheatersandwaterheatersby2030.Afterhomesandbusinessesmaketheswitchtoelectricalternatives,theywillbemorecomfortable,saysBartholomy.Theywillbesaferandcleaner,too,headds.Insteadofagasfurnace(燃氣爐),anelectricheatpumpcouldbothheatandcoolahome.Gasheatersandstoveswon’tbepumpingpollutionintoahome’sair.AndcookswillhaveevenmorecontrolonamodernelectriccookerthanonagasstovesaysBartholomy.Gettingnaturalgasoutofyourhomeisprobablythelargestpositiveimpactyoucanhavefortheplanet,Bartholomysays.“Weallneedtofightforalivableclimate.Thereisnowaytomeetourclimategoalswhilestillburninggasinbuildings.Foralivablefuture,wemusttakemeasurestostopburningnaturalgas,thoughweknowwehavealongwaytogo.”Andthebonus:Itnowlookslikedoingthatshouldalsosavepeoplealotofmoney.13．Whatisthecleanenergychange?A．Usingnaturalgasforheating. B．Usingnaturalgastoboilwater.C．Usingelectriccookersathome. D．Usingelectriclightsinsidebuildings.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“transitions”inParagraph3mean?A．Promises. B．Plans. C．Changes. D．Decisions.15．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A．Homeswillbesafer. B．Gasstoveswillbereplacedsoon.C．Homes’airwillhavemorepollutants. D．Cooksprefertousetraditionalcookers.16．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．Clean-energyChange B．ElectricityUseC．MakeUseofNaturalGas D．SaveYourMoneyatHome【答案】13．C14．C15．A16．A【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述將會在建筑內部發(fā)生清潔能源的改變，燃氣設備將被電動設備取代以及利用清潔能源的好處。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“Oneaspectoftheclean-energychangewillhappeninsidebuildings.Manyhomesandbusinessesburnnaturalgasforheatingandcooking.Naturalgasgivesoutgreenhousegasesaswellasotherpollutantsthatcanharmhealth.Gasappliances(家用電器)canbereplacedbyelectricversionsandtapintocleanelectricity.(清潔能源變化的一個方面將發(fā)生在建筑內部。許多家庭和企業(yè)燒天然氣取暖和做飯。天然氣釋放出溫室氣體以及其他有害健康的污染物。燃氣家用電器可以被電動家用電器取代，并利用清潔電力)”可知，使用電動家用電器就是在使用清潔能源。故選C。14．詞義猜測題。根據第二段“Weassumetheelectricgrid(輸電網)isgettingcleanerovertime,whichitis.So,wewantmoreandmoreofourheatingtocomefromelectricity.(我們假設電網會隨著時間的推移變得越來越清潔，事實也確實如此。所以，我們希望越來越多的供暖來自電力)”可推測，劃線句子意思是：貝絲·米勒(BethMiller)說，在政府的推薦下，進行這類轉變要容易得多。由此可知transitions意為“轉變”，和C選項同義，故選C。15．推理判斷題。根據第四段“Afterhomesandbusinessesmaketheswitchtoelectricalternatives,theywillbemorecomfortable,saysBartholomy.Theywillbesaferandcleaner,too,headds.(Bartholomy說，在家庭和企業(yè)改用電力替代品之后，它們會更舒適。他補充說，它們也會更安全、更清潔)”可推知，家將會更安全。故選A。16．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其第一段“Oneaspectoftheclean-energychangewillhappeninsidebuildings.Manyhomesandbusinessesburnnaturalgasforheatingandcooking.Naturalgasgivesoutgreenhousegasesaswellasotherpollutantsthatcanharmhealth.Gasappliances(家用電器)canbereplacedbyelectricversionsandtapintocleanelectricity.(清潔能源變化的一個方面將發(fā)生在建筑內部。許多家庭和企業(yè)燒天然氣取暖和做飯。天然氣釋放出溫室氣體以及其他有害健康的污染物。燃氣家用電器可以被電動家用電器取代，并利用清潔電力)”可知，文章主要講述將會在建筑內部發(fā)生清潔能源的改變，燃氣設備將被電動設備取代以及利用清潔能源的好處。由此可知，A選項“清潔能源變革”符合文章主旨。故選A。5.（2023·山東濰坊·統(tǒng)考二模）MichaelGonsalves,achefofGoldenOakatDisneyWorld,hasacuisineconceptrootedinfresh,locally-sourcedingredientsthatoriginatedfromchildhoodharvestingproducefromtheirfamilygardenwithhismomtoeventuallyleadingkitchensatWaltDisneyWorldResortstoemployasustainablemodel.“Trulythewholeprocessstartswithmenuplanning,”hesaid.Creatingonedishleadsintothecreationofmanymorethroughtheend-to-enduseofproducts.Aschefs,theyarealwayssearchingforthebestingredients.Itisthentheirfocustoensuretheyappreciateandrespectallthatgointoeachandeveryoneofthem.Forexample,theysourcechickenthatisnaturallygrownandfedonanaturalplantforwarddiet,nohormones(激素)oradditives—that’susedinmanywaysthroughoutmenusfromasimplegrilledchickenbreasttobonesoup.Nothinggoestowaste.Whentheydohavewaste,evenifminimal,theyshiftitfromlandfillstotransformitintocompost(堆肥)that’sthenusedacrosstheWaltDisneyWorldproperty.TheyalsosupportSecondHarvest,alocalcommunityfoodbankwherehealthyproduce,prepared,butnotserved,mealseatableforhumanconsumptionaredonated.Disneyalsoworkswithpigfarmerswhentheycan’tdistributefoodspastthepointofsafetyforhumanconsumption.Besides,wildlifereservationslovetogetthemeatbecausetigersandwildcatscanstilleatthat.Theiroperationsare“onapathtoasustainablezerowastekitchenoftomorrow”wherechefslearnthefull-lifecycleofplantsfromseedtoplateandgainabetterunderstandingandappreciationfortheproductandtheircraft.GoldenOakatDisneyhasmillionsofbeesthatproduceupto300poundsofhoneyperyear,plusthosebeeshelpwithcrosspollination(授粉)oftheirgardensonadailybasis.Theyadvocateaculturethathelpsdevelopnotonlythequalityoffood,butanappreciationfornature.17．WheredidMichaelGonsalves’ideaaboutcuisinecomefrom?A．Hismom’ssuggestions. B．Hisdreamofbecomingachef.C．Hisinterestindeliciousfood. D．Hislaborexperienceasachild.18．HowaretheingredientsdealtwithinGoldenOak?A．Theyaregrilledtoeat. B．Theyareusedtothefullest.C．Theyaredividedintogroups. D．Theyareselectedbyquality.19．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?A．Giveexamplesaboutzerowaste.B．Introducetheuniquehabitofwildlife.C．Stresstheimportanceofnaturalfood.D．Explaintheoperationmodeofthefoodbank.20．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．DisneyWorld:NewCuisineRoadB．MichaelGonsalves:CreativeChefC．MichaelGonsalves:AdvocateofFoodDiversityD．DisneyWorld:PioneerinEnvironmentalProtection【答案】17．D18．B19．A20．A【導語】這是一篇說明文，本文主要介紹迪士尼金橡樹餐廳采用的“零浪費可持續(xù)發(fā)展模式”。17．細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中“MichaelGonsalves,achefofGoldenOakatDisneyWorld,hasacuisineconceptrootedinfresh,locally-sourcedingredientsthatoriginatedfromchildhoodharvestingproducefromtheirfamilygardenwithhismomtoeventuallyleadingkitchensatWaltDisneyWorldResortstoemployasustainablemodel.(MichaelGonsalves是迪士尼世界金橡樹餐廳的廚師，他的烹飪理念植根于新鮮的本地食材，從童年和母親在家庭