2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage檢測含解析新人教版選擇性必修第二冊

PAGEPAGE9LearningAboutLanguageⅠ.閱讀理解AThefollowing4famouspaintings—fromJanvanEyck'sportraittoPabloPicasso'smasterpiece—havestoodthetestoftime.TheAmolfiniPortraitJanvanEyck'sAmolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin1434,inwhichamanandawomanholdhandswithawindowbehindhimandabedbehindher,isundoubtedlyoneofthemasterpiecesintheNationalGallery,London.Thispaintingisasvisuallyinterestingasitisfamed.Itisalsoaninformativedocumentonfifteenth-centurysociety,throughvanEyck'sheavyuseofsymbolism—whilehusbandswentouttoengageinbusiness,wivesconcernedthemselveswithdomesticduties.TheStarryNightVincentvanGoghpaintedTheStarryNight,oiloncanvas(帆布),amoderatelyabstractlandscapepaintingofanexpressivenightskyoverasmallhillsidevillage,duringhis12-monthstayatthementalhospitalnearSaint-Remy-de-Provence,Francebetween1889and1890.WhentheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin1941,itwasnotwellknown,butithassincebecomeoneofvanGogh'smostfamousworks.TheHarvestersTheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.ItdescribestheharvesttimewhichmostcommonlyoccurredwithinthemonthsofAugustandSeptember.NicolaesJonghelinck,amerchantbankerandartcollectorfromAntwerp,commissionedthispainting.ThepaintinghasbeenattheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCitysince1919.GuernicaGuernica,alargeblack-and-whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishpainter,PabloPicassoin1937.Thetitle“Guernica”referstothecitythatwasbombedbyNaziplanesduringtheSpanishCivilWar.Thepaintingdepictsthehorrorsofwarandasaresult,hascometobeananti-warsymbolandareminderofthetragediesofwar.Today,thepaintingishousedattheMuseoNacionalCentrodeArteReinaSofiainMadrid.語篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四幅名畫。從阿諾菲尼肖的肖像到畢加索的杰作，它們都經(jīng)受住了時間的考驗。1．Whichofthefollowingpaintingswasproducedearliest?A．Guernica. B．TheHarvesters.C．TheStarryNight. D．TheAmolfiniPortrait.解析：選D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)以下幾個時間點：其次段TheAmolfiniPortrait中的JanvanEyck'sAmolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin1434，第三段TheStarryNight中的duringhis12-monthstayatthementalhospitalnearSaint-Remy-de-Provence,Francebetween1889and1890，第四段TheHarvesters中的TheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.，以及第五段Guernica中的Guernica,alargeblack-and-whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishpainter,PabloPicassoin1937.進(jìn)行推斷可知，TheAmolfiniPortrait是最早創(chuàng)作的畫。故選D。2．Whocreatedthepaintingdescribingtheharvestseasons?A．PieterBruegeltheElder.B．VincentvanGogh.C．JanvanEyck.D．PabloPicasso.解析：選A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)TheHarvesters中的TheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.可知，PieterBruegeltheElder畫了這幅描繪豐收季節(jié)的畫。故選A。3．WhatdoweknowaboutthepaintingTheStarryNight?A．Itwaspaintedonwoodinoils.B．Itdescribedthepainter'slifeinhospital.C．Itwasn'twidelyrecognizedbefore1941.D．Itwasgivenawaytothemuseumbyacollector.解析：選C推理推斷題。依據(jù)TheStarryNight中的WhentheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin1941,itwasnotwellknown,butithassincebecomeoneofvanGogh'smostfamousworks.可知，TheStarryNight在1941年之前沒有被廣泛認(rèn)可。故選C。BWecanfindrobotseverywhere.Robotsbuildcars,playchessandcleanyourhouse.Theymaydriveyourcarinthenearfuture.Tworobots,namedSpiritandOpportunity,weresenttoMarsonamission(任務(wù))toexploretheredplanet.Robotsalsohelppeopleinnaturaldisasters.Theyareusedinsearchandrescueoperationsfollowinganearthquakeoranuclearaccident.Inmostcases,robotsaresenttoplacesconsideredtobeunsafe.Theproblemisthatallofthosetypesofsituationsareextremelyunpredictableandunfriendly.Anditisverylikelythatrobotsinthosesituationsbecomedamaged.Whenadoglosesaleg,theanimaleventuallyfindsthebestwaytogetaroundonthreelegs.Inashorttime,thedoglearnstodealwithitsphysicaldisability.Now,scientistshavedevelopedrobotsthatbehaveinthesameway.JeffClune,acomputerscientist,isdevelopingthelatestandadvancedtechnologysothatrobotswillcontinueoperatingafterthefirstsignofinjury.Hewantsthemachinestohavetheabilitytoanalyzethecauseandchangetocontinueperforminguntiltheycanberepaired.Theresearchershaveaddedonemoreoperationtotheskilledsetofrobotsworkingundercomplicatedconditions.Theyprogrammedahexapodrobotwithsixlegsandaroboticarm.TheirfindingswerereportedinthejournalNature.Oncethehexapodrobotsbecomedamaged,theycanusetheirownknowledgeofhowtheirbodyworkstofindasolution.Thehexapodrobotsarealsoprogrammedwithchild-likecuriosity.Inotherwords,theyarealwaysaskingquestionsandlookingfortheanswers.Thewholeprocessjusttakesaboutaminutefortherobotstoovercomethedamageandcontinuetocarryoutthetask.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。如今，機器人無處不在，它們被應(yīng)用于各個領(lǐng)域?？茖W(xué)家們正在研發(fā)一種新的技術(shù)，使機器人遭到損壞時能夠快速做出變更并接著執(zhí)行任務(wù)。4．Whatdoweknowaboutrobots?A．Theyusuallyworkindangerousplaces.B．Theymaydogreatharmtopeople.C．Dogsareusedtohelpthemworkwell.D．Peoplecan'tlivenormallywithoutthem.解析：選A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段可知，機器人應(yīng)用很廣泛。依據(jù)其次段可知，在大多數(shù)狀況下，機器人被派往危急的地方。故選A項。5．AccordingtoJeffClune,thenewtechnology．A．helpsrobotsdealwiththedamageB．protectsrobotsfromseriousharmC．makesrobotshaveself-repairabilityD．a(chǎn)llowsrobotstorealisepossibledanger解析：選A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段可知，杰夫正在開發(fā)探討新技術(shù)使機器人在受損后能夠分析緣由并做出變更以接著執(zhí)行任務(wù)。6．Whatcanweinferaboutthehexapodrobots?A．TheideaofthemisfromNature.B．Theycansensepeople'sfeelings.C．Theylooklikechildreninappearance.D．Theycanmakechangesinaveryshorttime.解析：選D推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四、五段可知，六足機器人能夠找到方法修復(fù)損傷并接著執(zhí)行任務(wù)，整個過程大約只須要一分鐘的時間。7．What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A．HowtoUseRobotsProperlyB．RobotsAreHelpfultoHumansC．DamagedRobotsLearntoKeepWorkingD．TheDevelopmentoftheHexapodRobot解析：選C標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要講了科學(xué)家利用先進(jìn)技術(shù)獨創(chuàng)了六足機器人，這種機器人遭到損壞后仍舊可以接著工作。Ⅱ.完形填空MealsonWheelsdeliveryserviceisforthosefacinglife-threateningillnesseslikeBordendidbackin2012.ShehadjustfinishedaMaster'sprogramin1whenshewasdiagnosed(診斷)withcancercalledInvasiveDuctalCarcinoma.Soon,hermotherwasdiagnosedwithcancer.BordenmovedtoGrandRapids,Michigantotakecareofherselfwhile2hermother.“It'sa3timeinyourlifewhenyouhavegreatneedfornutritionbutyoucan'tprovidehealthy4foryourself，”Bordensaid.“HavingaMaster'sinNutrition,Iknewhow5nourishmentwasduringmycancertreatmentandrecovery.”ShestartedReviveandThrivewhilegoingthroughtreatment,6outtolocalhospitalsandkitchenstogettheorganizationofftheground.Soonshewas7mealsforpatientsreferredtoherbysocialworkers,nursesanddoctorsinthearea.She8eachpatienttogetasenseofwhattheirnutritionneedsareandhowlongthey'llneedhelp.Then,shegetsto9．“Servingmealstopatientsisequallyimportantasteachingthemtocookhealthyfoods,to10jobskills,lifeskillsandthejoyofbeingableto11othersintheircommunity，”Bordensays.Sheworkswithaheadchefwho12thenutrient-richmealsandmakessureeachmealcontainstheessentialvitaminsandproteinsthatapersonfightingalife-threateningillness13．“Whenyou're14anddealingwithcancerbyyourself,itcancauseyoumoredepression.Knowingsomebodycaresaboutwhatyoueatis15，”shesaid.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了Borden在自己被診斷為癌癥后，成立了一個為癌癥病人供應(yīng)健康飲食的組織。她認(rèn)為有人關(guān)切病人的飲食會讓病人受到鼓舞，更好地抗擊疾病。1．A.medicine B．educationC．economics D．nutrition解析：選D依據(jù)下文的HavingaMaster'sinNutrition可知Borden是學(xué)養(yǎng)分學(xué)的。句意：她剛完成一個養(yǎng)分學(xué)(nutrition)的碩士項目，就被診斷得了名為InvasiveDuctalCarcinoma的癌癥。2．A.nursing B．teachingC．guiding D．training解析：選A依據(jù)上文的Soon,hermotherwasdiagnosedwithcancer.可知她的媽媽也生病了，故此處用“照看”，nurse和takecareof是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。3．A.dangerous B．hardC．common D．valuable解析：選B依據(jù)上文的Soon,hermotherwasdiagnosedwithcancer.可知，此處用“艱難的日子”符合語境。句意：Borden說：“這是你生命中一段艱難的(hard)日子，在這期間你須要大量的養(yǎng)分，但是你不能給自己供應(yīng)健康的飲食?！?．A.lifestyles B．spiritC．meals D．sleep解析：選C依據(jù)下文的Soonshewas7mealsforpatientsreferredtoherbysocialworkers,nursesanddoctorsinthearea.可知此處用“飲食”符合語境，meal是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。5．A.rare B．a(chǎn)dequateC．comfortable D．important解析：選D句意：作為一個養(yǎng)分學(xué)碩士，我知道在我的癌癥治療和復(fù)原期間養(yǎng)分物質(zhì)是多么重要(important)。6．A.going B．callingC．reaching D．speaking解析：選C句意：她在治療期間成立了ReviveandThrive這一組織，求助于(reachout)當(dāng)?shù)氐尼t(yī)院和餐廳，讓組織發(fā)展起來。7．A.enjoying B．preparingC．checking D．comparing解析：選B結(jié)合上下文可知，Borden成立的ReviveandThrive是為病人打算健康飲食的組織。句意：很快，她就為那些通過社工、護士和醫(yī)生向她求助的病人打算(prepare)飲食。8．A.tells B．curesC．exams D．meets解析：選D句意：她親自和每位病人見面(meet)，了解她們對養(yǎng)分物質(zhì)的需求，以及須要多長時間的幫助。9．A.rest B．workC．school D．bed解析：選B此處是指Borden了解了病人的需求后，起先養(yǎng)分餐的打算工作。句意：然后她起先工作(work)。10．A.learn B．showC．require D．test解析：選A句意：Borden說：“給病人供應(yīng)養(yǎng)分餐和教他們做養(yǎng)分餐、學(xué)會(learn)工作和生活技能、享受為社區(qū)的其他人服務(wù)同等重要。”11．A.judge B．serveC．gather D．relax解析：選B依據(jù)上文的Servingmealstopatientsisequallyimportantasteachingthemtocookhealthyfoods可知此處用“服務(wù)”符合語境，serve是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。12．A.eats B．expectsC．creates D．proves解析：選C句意：她和一個主廚合作，主廚負(fù)責(zé)開發(fā)(create)富含養(yǎng)分的飲食，并確保每一餐都包含一個人抗擊疾病所須要(need)的基本的維他命和蛋白質(zhì)。13．A.needs B．makesC．shares D．provides解析：選A參見上題解析。14．A.alone B．wiseC．old D．free解析：選A依據(jù)“byyourself”可知此處用“獨自”符合語境。句意：她說：“當(dāng)你一個人獨自(alone)抗擊癌癥時，你會更加懊喪。知道有人關(guān)切你的飲食是鼓舞人心的?！?5．A.interesting B．a(chǎn)musingC．a(chǎn)mazing D．inspiring解析：選D結(jié)合上下文可知，此處是指病人知道有人關(guān)切自己的飲食會讓他們受到鼓舞(inspiring)、精神振作。Ⅲ.語法填空LearningEnglishusedtobeaboutdevelopingfourskills：listening，speaking，readingandwriting.Afterall，that's1theexamsaredesigned—withfourskillstestedseparately.Butovertheyears，educatorshavecome2(realise)thatthesefourskillsshouldneverhavebeenseparated，butpracticedallatonce.Andthebestwaytodothatis，perhaps，throughpublicspeaking.AccordingtoMeiDeming，aprofessorofEnglishatShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversity，givingaspeechinaninternationallanguage3(require)aspeakertointegrate(使成為一體)knowledgeandcontent4(mental)andexpresstheresultsystematically.Speakersmustdrawonthebeautyofthelanguageasawholeinordertocommunicatewithanaudience.ThisiswhytheannualChinaDaily“21stCenturyCup”NationalEnglishSpeakingCompetitionhasbeengaininginpopularitysinceitbeganin1996.“Thiscompetitionhasworked5amodelfordevelopingstudents'public-speakingskillsinEnglishandprovidedideasforEnglishteachinginschoolsandinlearninginabroadersense，”saidMei.ShiGuohua，6EnglishteacheratShanghaiQibaoHighSchool，heldasimilarview.HesaidthatkeycompetenceinacquiringEnglishtodaycomesfromtheabilitytoexpressoneselfratherthaninsimplypassingexams.Healso7(stress)thatcommunicationshouldgobothwayssincetraditionalEnglish-speakingeducationhasfocusedtoomuchongettingmessagesoutwhile8(ignore)thereceiverofthesemessages—theaudience.“It'simportanttounderstandtheaudienceandbuildthelinkbetweenthecontentbeingdeliveredandtheinterestsoftheaudience，”hesaid.“It'salsoimportanttoc