職稱英語-職稱英語衛(wèi)生類b級模擬57

職稱英語衛(wèi)生類B級模擬57

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語有下劃線，請為每處下劃線部分確定1個意義最為

接近的選項(xiàng)。

1>Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.

A.makingB.takingC.expectingD.discussing

2、Thedoctorhasabandonedthehopetorescuetheoldman.

A.leftB.givenupC.turneddownD.refused

3、IthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddid

notmerelyregulateorenlargeanoldone.

A.controlB.limitC.replaceD.offset

4、Haveyoutalkedtoherlately?

A.lastlyB.shortlyC.recentlyD.immediately

5、DuringtheSecondWorldWar,allimportantresourcesintheUSwereallocated

bytheFederalgovernment.

A.nationalizedB.commandeeredC.taxedD.distributed

6、Thesteadilyrisingcostoflaborhasgreatlyincreasedthecostofshipping

cargobywater.

A.suddenlyB.graduallyC.excessivelyD.exceptionally

7、Wehavearesponsibilitytoensureournation1scontinuedprosperityand

themostsensiblewaytodothisisbyinvestmentinbasicscientificresearch.

A.effectiveB.efficientC.significantD.reasonable

8、Thepolicetriedinvaintobreakuptheprotestcrowdsinfrontofthegovernment

building.

A.unskillfullyB.violentlyC.ineffectivelyD.eventually

9、Thusthemostlogicalapproachistofocusouranalysisonthetraderelations

ofSpainwithotherEuropeancountries.

A.reasoningB.conclusionC.positionD.method

10、Themicroscopeenablesscientiststodistinguishanincrediblenumberand

varietyofbacteria.

A.unavoidableB.unchangeableC.unbelievableD.unpredictable

11>HenoticedthatJoanwasstudyinghimclosely,butherexpressiongave

awaynothingofwhatshewasthinking.

A.revealedB.disposedC.remindedD.distributed

12>Youcaneasilyfindoutthebenefitsofflexibleworkingforbothyouand

youremployer.

A.looseB.effectiveC.elasticD.resourceful

13>Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatternallowsmorewomen

totakeadvantageofjobopportunities.

A.makeuseofB.catchupwithC.castlightonD.getridof

14、Mostpeoplewouldagreethat,althoughouragefarsurpassesallprevious

agesinknowledgeztherehasbeennocorrelativeincreaseinwisdom.

A.improvesB.precedesC.imposesD.exceeds

15>Manystudentstodaydisplayadisturbingwillingnesstochooseinstitutions

andcareersonthebasisofearningpotential.

A.offensiveB.depressiveC.troublesomeD.tiresome

第2部分：閱讀判斷

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷；如果該句提供

的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文

中沒有提及，請選擇C。

SleepProblemsPlaguetheOlderSet

OlderAmericansoftenhavedifficultygettingagoodnight*srest.It1s

ahugequality-of-lifeproblem,expertssay,becausecontrarytopopularbelief,

seniorsrequireaboutthesameamountofsleepasyoungeradults.

"Sleepproblemsandsleepdisordersarenotaninherent（固有的）partof

aging,HsaidDr.HarrisonG.Bloom,anassociateclinicalprofessorof

geriatrics（老年病學(xué)）andmedicineattheMountSinaiSchoolofMedicinein

NewYorkCity."It'sprettymuchofamyththatolderpeopleneedlesssleep

thanyoungerpeople.n

Yet,inastudypublishedrecentlyinTheAmericanJournalofMedicine,

researchersfoundthatmorethanhalfofolderAmericanshaveproblemsgetting

thesleeptheyneed.

Olderpeopletendtohave"sleepfragmentation",meaningtheywakeupmore

oftenduringthenight,saidstudyauthorDr.JulieGammck,anassistant

professorofmedicineintheDivisionofGeriatricMedicineatSt.Louis

University.

Theyalsoseemtogetless"REM"sleep,thetypeofsleepduringwhich

rapideyemovementoccurs,Bloomadded.

It*sunclearwhatrolethesenaturallyoccurringchangesinsleeppatterns

haveonperson1squalityoflife,Bloomsaid."Whatisimportant,though,

isthatolderpeopleoftenhaveactualsleepdisordersandproblemswithsleep,n

hesaid.

And,expertssay,thereisusuallymorethanonecause.

"Sleeptroubleinolderadultsistypicallyassociatedwithacuteandchronic

illnesseszincludingspecificsleepdisorderslikesleepapnea（呼吸暫停）and

restlesslegsyndromethatappearwithgreaterfrequencyinolderpopulations,“

saidMichaelV.Vitiello,aprofessorofpsychiatryandbehavioralsciences

andassociatedirectoroftheUniversityofWashington1sNorthwestGeriatric

EducationCenter.

Takingmultiplemedicationszasmanyolderpeopledo,canalsoleadto

fatiguea"hypersomnia"zorbeingtiredallthetimezBloomadded.

Anotherbigproblem,henoted,isdepressionandanxiety."Thosearevery

commonlyassociatedwithsleepproblems."

Despitetheprevalence（流行）ofsleepdifficultiesinolderadultszmany

patientsAren11gettingthehelptheyneed.Asaresult,problemslikeinsomnia

（失眠），restlesslegsyndromeandsleepapneaareunderdiagnosedand

undertreated,Bloomsaid.

16>Sleepproblemscanseriouslyaffectone1squalityoflife.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Itistruethatolderpeopleneedlesssleepthanyoungerpeople.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>YoungerpeopleinAmericaseldomcomplainofsleepdisorders.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>ThenumberofolderAmericanswithsleepproblemsisnotsmall.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20>"Sleepfragmentation'?referstoamarkedlackof”REM”sleep.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Thecausesofsleepproblemsinolderpeopleremainunidentified.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、ActionswillsoonbetakeninAmericatobetterhelppeoplewithsleep

problems.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：（1）第23?26題要求從所給的6個選項(xiàng)中為指定段落每段

選擇1個最佳標(biāo)題；（2）第27?30題要求從所給的6個選項(xiàng)中為每個句子確定1個最佳選

項(xiàng)。

TheDrinkYourBodyNeedsMost

1.Ourbodiesareestimatedtobeabout60%to70%water.Bloodismostly

water,andourmuscles,lungszandbrainallcontainalotofwater.Water

isneededtoregulatebodytemperatureandtoprovidethemeansfornutrients

（滋養(yǎng)物）totraveltoallourorgans.Wateralsotransportsoxygentoourcells,

removeswaste,andprotectsourjointsandorgans.

2.Welosewaterthroughurination（排尿）zrespiration（呼吸）,andbysweating.

Ifyouareveryactive,youlosemorewaterthanifyoudonottakemuchexercise.

SymptomsofmiIddehydration（脫水）includechronicpainsinjointsandmuscles,

lowerbackpain,headaches,andconstipation（便秘）.Astrongsmelltoyour

urine,alongwithayellowcolorindicatesthatyouarenotgettingenough

water.Thirstisallobvioussignofdehydrationandinfact,youneedwater

longbeforeyoufeelthirsty.

3.Agoodruleofthumb（好的做法）istotakeyourbodyweightinpounds

anddividethatnumberinhalf.Thatgivesyouthenumberofounces（盎司）

ofwaterperdaythatyouneed.Forexample,ifyouweigh160poundszyou

shoulddrinkatleast80ouncesofwaterperday.Ifyouexerciseyoushould

drinkanother8ounceglassofwaterforevery20minutesyouareactive.

Ifyoudrinkcoffeeoralcohol,youshouldaddatleastanequalamountof

water.Whenyouaretravelingonanairplane,itisgoodtohave8ounces

ofwaterforeveryhouryouareonboardtheplane.

4.Itmaybedifficulttodrinkenoughwateronabusyday.Besureyou

havewaterhandyatalltimesbykeepingabottleforwaterwithyouwhen

youareworking,traveling,orexercising.Ifyougetboredwithplainwater,

addabitoflemonforatouchofflavor.Therearesomebrandsofflavored

wateravailablezbutsomeofthemhavesugarorartificialsweetenersthat

youdon'tneed.

23、A.OuncesofWaterNeededPerDay

B.ImportanceofWater

C.CompositionofWater

D.SignsofDehydration

E.SupplyofWater

F.NecessityforBringingaBottleforWater

Paragraph1

24、Paragraph2

25>Paragraph3

26、Paragraph4

27、A.inyourbody

B.withoutwater

C.beforelong

D.forachange

E.onabusyday

F.toyourweight

Onecannotlive

28、Dehydrationmayoccurifthereisashortageofwater

29、Theamountofwateryourbodyneedsperdayisrelated

30、Don11forgettodrinkenoughwatereven

第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項(xiàng)。

弟扁

Happiness

Happinessisbecomingahugeareainpsychologicalresearchandevenin

governmentpolicy,withtheUKgovernmentexploringaHhappinessindex".It*s

tough,though,todefineexactlywhathappinessis,andwhatmakesushappy.

Therearetwobroadwaysoflookingathappiness：short-termhappiness

(agreatcookie,aboodleofwine)andlong-termhappiness(financialsecurity,

achievingyourgoals).Bothtypesofhappinessarevalid,andimportant.The

problemiszthey*reoftenincompetition.

Let*ssayyou'vegotagoaloflosing50poundsthisyear.Youknowyou'd

behappierandhealthierifyouweren*tcarryingthatextraweight.Toachieve

long-termhappiness,youneedtogoonadiet.Intheshort-term,though,

it1snotthateasy.Achocolatecake,oralargeglassofwine,mightseem

likejustthethingtocheeryouupattheendofalongday—ortocelebrate

withfriends.It*sthesamewithlotsofothergoals.

Ifyou1vegotatendencytoprioritizelong-termhappinessattheexpense

ofday-to-daypleasureszyoushouldstartlookingforsomesmallwaystobring

alittlejoybackintoyourlife.I'mnotsuggestingthatyougoourandget

drunkeverynight,orthatyoustuffwithcake.Thereareplentyofother

waystoenjoyyourself.Don11pinallyourhopesofhappinessonsomefar-off

1

futurezthough.Theresnopointworkinga60-hourweekandmakingyourself

thoroughlymiserableinthebeliefthatthingswillbeprefectassoonas

you*remakingasix-figuresalary.

31>Apropertitleforthepassageis.

A.HappyThereafterB.BeyondHappiness

C.HappinessIn,HappinessOutD.HappyNoworintheFuture?

32>Paragraph2ismainlyabout.

A.whatmakesushappyB.howtounderstandhappiness

C.howwecanbehappierD.whathappinesscanbringus

33、TheexampleinParagraph3ismeanttoemphasizethat.

A.bothshort-termhappinessandlong-termhappinessareimportant

B.wetendtoseekshort-termhappinessinsteadoflong-termhappiness

C.peoplepreferlong-termhappinesstoshort-termhappiness

D.short-termhappinessmaycontradictlong-termhappiness

34、Theword"prioritize"(lastparagraph)probablymeans.

A.treatsomethingasmoreimportantthanothers

B.improvesomething1svalueorquality

C.putextraemphasisonsomething

D.lookforsomethingthatisdifficulttofind

35、Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthatsacrificingshort-term

happinessforlong-termhappiness_______.

A.workswellB.canbejustified

C.isnotworthwhileD.makesnodifference

弟一^扁

NewUSPlanforDiseasePrevention

UrgingAmericanstotakeresponsibilityfortheirhealth,HealthandHuman

ServicesSecretaryTommyThompsononTuesdaylauncheda$15millionprogram

totrytoencouragecommunitiestodomoretopreventchronicdiseaseslike

heartdiseasezcanceranddiabetes(糖尿病)。

Theinitiativehighlightsthecostsofchronicdiseases—theleadingcauses

ofdeathintheUnitedStates—andoutlineswaysthatpeoplecanpreventthem,

includingbetterdietandincreasedexercise.

"IntheUnitedStatestoday,7of10deathsandthevastmajorityofserious

n

illnesszdisabilityandhealthcarecostsarecausedbychronicdiseasesz

theHealthandHumanServicesdepartmentsaidinastatement.

Thecausesareoftenbehavioral—smokingzpooreatinghabitsandalack

ofexercise.

nIamconvincedthatpreventingdiseasebypromotingbetterhealthisa

smartpolicychoiceforourfuture.HThompsontoldaconferenceheldtolaunch

theinitiative.

"Ourcurrenthealthcaresystemisnotstructuredtodealwiththerising

costsoftreatingdiseasesthatarelargelypreventablethroughchangesin

ourlifestylechoices."

Thompsonsaidheartdiseaseandstrokeswillcostthecountrymorethan

$351billionin2003.

"Theseleadingcausesofdeathformenandwomenarelargelypreventable,

yetweasanationarenottakingthestepsnecessaryforUStoleadhealthier,

longerlives,nhesaid.

The$15millionisdesignedtogotocommunitiestopromoteprevention,

pushingforchangesassimpleasbuildingsidewalkstoencouragepeopleto

walkmore.

Dailyexercisesuchaswalkingcanpreventandevenreverseheartdisease

anddiabeteszandpreventcancerandstrokes.

Themoneywillalsogotocommunityorganizations,clinicsandnutritionists

whoarebeingencouragedtoworktogethertoeducatepeopleatriskofdiabetes

aboutwhattheycandotopreventitandencouragemorecancerscreening.

TheAmericanCancerSocietyestimatesthathalfofallcancerscanbecaught

byscreening,includingPaptests（巴氏試驗(yàn)）forcervical（子宮頸的）cancer

mammograms（乳房X線照片“）forbreastcancer；colonoscopies（結(jié)腸鏡檢查），and

prostate（前歹U腺的）checks.

Ifsuchcancerswereallcaughtbyearlyscreening,thegroupestimates

thatthesurvivalrateforcancerwouldriseto95percent.

36>WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofchronicdiseasesintheUS?

A.Theyaccountfor70%ofalldeaths.

B.Theyareresponsibleformostofthehealthcarecosts.

C.Theyoftenresultinunhealthylifestyles.

D.Theyarelargelypreventable.

37、TheauthormentionsallthefollowingwaysofdiseasepreventionEXCEPT

A.betterdietB.increasedexercise

C.lesssmokingD.morefrequenthandwashing

38、Thepassageindicatesthatspendingmoremoneyondiseasepreventionwill

mean

A.greaterresponsibilityofthegovernment

B.lessneedforinputintotreatment

C.highercostsofhealthcare

D.morelifestylechoicesforpeople

39、Thepurposeofthe$15millionprogramisto.

A.promotediseasepreventionB.buildmorehighways

C.helppoorcommunitiesD.wipeoutchronicdiseases

40、Earlycancerscreeningcanhelpreducesignificantly

A.thedeathratesforallchronicdiseases

B.thekindsofcancerattackingpeople

C.theincidencerateforcancer

D.thedeathrateforcancer

卯—

EatMore,WeighLess,LiveLonger

Clevergeneticdetectiveworkmayhavefoundoutthereasonwhyanear

starvationdietprolongsthelifeofmanyanimals.

RonaldKahnatHarvardMedicalSchoolinBoston,USzandhiscolleagues

havebeenabletoextendthelifespan（壽命）ofmiceby18percentbyblocking

therodent*s（嚙齒動物）increaseoffatinspecificcells.Thissuggeststhat

thinness—andhotnecessarilydiet—promoteslonglifein"calorie（熱量卡）

restricted"animals.

"It1sverycoolwork.nsaysagingresearcherCynthiaKenyonoftheUniversity

ofCalifornia,SanFrancisco."Thesemiceeatalltheywantzloseweightand

livelonger.It1slikeheaven.n

Calorierestrictiondramaticallyextendsthelifespanoforganismsas

differentaswormsandrodents.Whetherthisworksinhumansisstillunknown,

partlybecausefewpeoplearewillingtosubmittosuchastrictdiet.

Butmanyresearchershopetheywillbeabletotriggerthesameeffect

withadrugoncetheyunderstandhowlessfoodleadstoalongerlife.One

theoryisthateatinglessreducestheincreaseofharmfulthingsthatcan

damagecells.ButKahn1steamwonderedwhethertheanimalssimplybenefit

bybecomingthin.

Tofindout,theyusedbiologytrickstodisrupttheinsulin（胰島素）receptor

（受體）geneinlabmice—butonlyintheirfatcells."Sinceinsulinisneeded

tohelpfatcellsstorefat,theseanimalswereprotectedagainstbecoming

fat,nexplainsKahn.

Thisslightgeneticchangeinasingletissuehaddramaticeffects.By

threemonthsofage,Kahnzthosemodifiedmicehadupto70percentless

bodyfatthannormalcontrolmice,despitethefactthattheyate55percent

morefoodpergramofbodyweight.Inaddition,theirlifespanincreased.

Theaveragecontrolmouselived753days,whilethethinrodentsaveraged

alifespanof887days.Afterthreeyears,allthecontrolmicehaddied,

butone-quarterofthemodifiedrodentswerestillalive.

"Thattheygettheseeffectsbyjustmanipulatingthefatcellsis

controversial,nsaysLeonardGuarenteoftheMassachusettsInstituteof

Technology,whostudiescalorierestrictionandaging.ButGuarentesaysKahn

hasyettoprovethatthesameeffectisresponsibleforincreasedlifespan

incalorierestrictedanimals."Itmightbethesameeffectortheremight

n

betworoutestolonglife,'*hepointsoutz"andthatwouldbeveryinteresting.

41、RonaldKahnandhiscolleaguescanmakemicelivelongerby.

A.offeringthemlessfood

B.givingthemabalanceddiet

C.disruptingthespecificgenesintheirfatcells

D.preventingthemgrowinglarger

42、Accordingtothepassage,wedonotknowwhetherhumanswillbenefitfrom

takinginfewercaloriespartlybecause.

A.humans,wormsandrodentsaredifferent

B.mostpeoplearenotwillingtobeputonastrictdiet

C.theeffectisnotknown

D.geneticchangesintissuescannotbeperformedonhumans

43、Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthethirdparagraphimply?

A.Peopleliketoloseweightzbuttheydonotliketoeatless.

B.Peoplewanttogotoheaven,buttheydonotwanttodie.

C.Micewillgotoheaveniftheyloseweight.

D.Miceenjoylosingweight.

44、Theaveragemodifiedmouselived.

A.3yearsB.753days

C.Morethan3yearsD.887days

45、Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttheroutetolonglife?

A.Itremainstobestudied.B.Ithasalreadybeendiscovered.

C.Eatingmoreleadstolonglife.D.Eatinglessleadstolonglife.

第5部分：補(bǔ)全對話

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分

別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。

TheDangersofSecondhandSmoke

Mostpeopleknowthatcigarettesmokingisharmfultotheirhealth.

Scientificresearchshowsthatitcausesmanykindsofdiseases.Infact,

manypeoplewhosmokegetlungcancerHowever,EdwardGilsonhaslungcancer,

andhehasneversmokedcigarettes.Heliveswithhiswife,Evelyn,whohas

smokedaboutapackofcigarettesadaythroughouttheirmarriage.46

NooneknowsforsurewhyMr.Gilsonhaslungcancer.Nevertheless,doctors

believethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke

becausen