UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS(知識清單)高二英語人教版2019選擇性

UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS知識清單重點(diǎn)單詞1．frustratevt.使懊喪；使懊惱；使沮喪→frustratedadj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的→frustratingadj.令人懊惱的；令人沮喪的→frustrationn．懊喪；懊惱；沮喪2．infectvt.使感染；傳染→infectionn．感染；傳染3．provevt.證明→proofn證據(jù)；證明；檢驗(yàn)4．intervenevt.介入；出面；干涉→interventionn．介入；出面；干涉5．pureadj.干凈的；純的；純粹的→purifyvt.使純凈；使?jié)崈?．initialadj.最初的；開始的；第一的→initiallyadv.開始；最初7．defendvt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解→defencen．防御；防務(wù)8．leadv．領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)致；通向→leadern．領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者→leadershipn．領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能→leadingadj.最重要的；一流的9．steadyadj.穩(wěn)定的；平穩(wěn)的；穩(wěn)步的→steadilyadv.穩(wěn)定地；堅(jiān)固地10．vividadj.生動的；鮮明的；豐富的→vividlyadv.生動地二．重點(diǎn)短語1．onceandforall最終地；徹底地2．ingeneral總的來說3．subscribeto同意；贊同4．thanksto幸虧；由于5．dealwith處理；應(yīng)對；涉及；與……打交道6．dependon/upon依靠；信賴；取決于7．carryout履行；執(zhí)行8．calmdown平靜下來9．breakout突然開始；爆發(fā)10．inchargeof主管；掌管11．edown患(病)；染上(小病)12．a(chǎn)boveall最重要的是；尤其是三．重點(diǎn)句式1．Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.(so...that...“如此……以至于……”)他發(fā)現(xiàn)，有兩條特殊街道的霍亂疫情非常嚴(yán)重，10天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡。2．Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.(Itseemsthat...“看起來似乎……”)那個女人看起來似乎很喜歡從抽水機(jī)里取來的水，每天都要派人送上門來。3．Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.(have＋賓語＋過去分詞)相應(yīng)地，他讓人把水泵的手柄拆了，這樣水泵就不能用了。四．重點(diǎn)詞匯詳解1．suspect

vt.&vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象背詞條用法

suspectsb./sth.

of...

懷疑某人/某事……

suspectsb.ofdoing

...

懷疑某人做……背寫作佳句①Don't

suspecthimofhishonestybecauseheisveryreliable.不要懷疑他的誠實(shí)，因?yàn)樗芸煽?。②The

teachersuspectedhimofcheatingintheexam.老師懷疑他在考試中作弊。2．blame

vt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé)n.責(zé)備；指責(zé)背詞條用法(1)blamesb./sth.forsth.

因某事而責(zé)備某人/某物blame

sth.onsb.

把某事怪到某人頭上(2)get/taketheblamefor...

為……承擔(dān)責(zé)任lay/put

theblameonsb./sth.

把某事歸咎于某人/某物(3)betoblame(for)

應(yīng)受指責(zé)；應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任背寫作佳句①People

shouldtaketheblameforthedestructionofenvironment.人們應(yīng)該為環(huán)境的破壞承擔(dān)責(zé)任。②The

drunkdrivershouldbetoblameforthetrafficaccident.那位醉酒司機(jī)應(yīng)該為這起交通事故負(fù)責(zé)。3．linkn．聯(lián)系；紐帶vt.把……連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)背詞條用法linkAwithB

把A和B結(jié)合起來linkup(with...)

(與……)連接；結(jié)合；

使連接；使結(jié)合belinkedto/with

與……有聯(lián)系背寫作佳句①A

studentshouldlinkwhathereadswithwhatheseesaroundhim.一個學(xué)生應(yīng)該將他所讀到的東西與他周圍所看到的東西聯(lián)系起來。②The

interestofindividualsisinseparablylinkedwiththatofthecountry.個人利益同國家利益不可分割地聯(lián)系在一起。4.defend

vt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解背詞條用法(1)defend...from/against

保護(hù)……免受；防御defend

oneself

為自己辯護(hù)；自衛(wèi)(2)indefenceof

為了保衛(wèi)；為……辯護(hù)背寫作佳句①People

shouldtrytheirbesttodefendtheenvironmentagainstpollution.人們應(yīng)該盡力保護(hù)環(huán)境免受污染。②The

soldiersfoughtbravelyindefenceoftheircountry.

士兵們?yōu)榱吮Ｐl(wèi)他們的國家英勇作戰(zhàn)。五．重點(diǎn)語法詳解表語從句（PredicativeClause）表語從句就是用一個句子作為表語。Hissuggestionisgood.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.

表語從句的連詞★可接表語從句的系動詞有be，look，seem，remain,sound，appear等。Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.Thequestionremainswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.1、連詞that（不可省略），whether，as，asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句。Myopinionisthatwestartearlytomorrow.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.Thesituationisnotasitseemstobe.Shelooksasifsheisworriedaboutherfather'sdisease.注意：whether引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示是否，但if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句。Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.（此處whether不能改成if）2、連接代詞who，whose，what，which引導(dǎo)的表語從句。Theproblemiswhocanwegettoreplaceher.Thequestioniswhoseshirtthisis.Hehasbeewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.Thequestioniswhichcolorhewillchoose.3、連接副詞where，when，how，why引導(dǎo)的表語從句。That'swhereIcan'tagreewithyou.Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.Thisishowweoverethedifficulties.ThatwaswhyWendywaslateforthemeeting.注意：reason做主語時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)，而不能用because引導(dǎo)。Thereasonwhyshewaslateisthatshemissedthebusthismorning.

表語從句的語序表語從句的語序用陳述語序Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Thereasonwhywedon'ttrusthimisthathehasliedtomanypeople.

表語從句的時態(tài)表語從句中主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致。Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow?Hisproblemisthatheishavingatoughrelationshipwithhisfamily.

表語從句的注意事項(xiàng)1.表語從句中的連詞that不可以省略；2.if不可以用來引導(dǎo)表語從句；3.主句為reason時，表語從句不可以用because，而要用that；4.表語從句的語序用陳述句語序；5.標(biāo)語從句的主句和從句時態(tài)可以不一致。六．單元寫作重點(diǎn)你校英文報新增了“科學(xué)家與科學(xué)精神”專欄，正在面向全校學(xué)生征稿，請你以“Whatmakesagreatscientist?"為題寫一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)容包括:1.該科學(xué)家的簡介:2.該科學(xué)家的科學(xué)精神:3.你對該科學(xué)家的評價。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右:2、可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。P1:科學(xué)家的簡介1.1705年，梅里安出版了她最著名的書《蘇里南昆蟲變形記》。一位博物學(xué)家稱其為“美國有史以來最美的作品”。這些昆蟲和植物自然棲息的繪畫徹底改變了科學(xué)插圖，促進(jìn)了昆蟲的科學(xué)研究In1705,Merianpublishedthebookforwhichsheisbestknown,MetamorphosisoftheInsectsofSurinam.Onenaturalistcalledit"themostbeautifulworkeverpaintedin[the]America[s]".Thepaintingsofinsectsandplantsintheirnaturalhabitatsrevolutionizedscientificillustrationandadvancedthescientificstudyofinsects.2.瑪麗亞·西比拉·梅里安對昆蟲研究和繪畫藝術(shù)都做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。MariaSibyllaMerianmadegreatcontributionstoboththestudyofinsectsandtheartofpainting.StephenHawkingP2:科學(xué)家的科學(xué)精神1.在17世紀(jì)的歐洲，女性獨(dú)自旅行是聞所未聞的，但這并沒有阻止瑪麗亞·西比拉·梅里安。In17thcenturyEurope,itwasunheardofforawomantotravelbyherself,butthatdidn'tstopMariaSibyllaMerian.2.梅里安在工作中結(jié)合了藝術(shù)和科學(xué)。作為一名熟練的觀察者，她做了詳細(xì)的筆記。Merianbinedbothartandscienceinherwork.Asaskilledobserver,shekeptdetailednotes.3，日復(fù)一日，她們把繪畫材料帶到炎熱潮濕的雨林中，收集和繪制昆蟲和植物。藝術(shù)家們以前從未做過這樣的事。Dayafterday,theytooktheirpaintingmaterialsintothehot,humidrainforesttocollectanddrawinsectsandplants.Artistshadneverdonesuchathingbefore.StephenHawkingP3:人物評價1.很明顯，梅里安是非常勇敢的，她周游世界研究不尋常的昆蟲。It'sobviousthatMerianwasverybravewhotravelledacrosstheworldtostudyunusualinsects.2.她的天賦之一是能夠看到日常生活中的美。Oneofhertalentswasbeingabletoseethebeautyineverydaylife.3.她在生活中也有一個明確的目標(biāo)，她非常努力地學(xué)習(xí)如何畫活昆蟲，這是其他人以前沒有做過的事情。Shehadacleargoalinlifesheworkedreallyhardonlearninghowtodrawlivinginsects,whichissomethingthatnobodyelsehaddonebefore.WhatMakesaGreatScientist?Regardedasmyshiningexamplewhowasbrilliant,ambitious,fearless,andputothersatfirst,LiShizhenwasanextremelywellrespectedmanbothinChinaandabroad.BornonJuly3in1518inHubei,Liwasimmersedinmedicinefromchildhoodwithhimedifiedbyhisfamily.Facingtheseveremedicalconditionsinthecountry,Liwasconvincedthathecantransformitforbetter.Lireadmultiplebooksandwenttoalotofplacestofindherbs,eventestingthemedicineshimself,justlikethelegendaryShenNong.Althoughthereweresubstantialbarriersoftechnologyandknowledge,Litook27yearstopletethegreatmasterpiecependiumofMateriamedicinethroughhistirelessefforts.LiShizhen,whodiedin1593,isfamousforhisgreatcontributionstotheworldmedicine.ItisLiShizhenwhomadethetraditionalChinesemedicinebetterthanbefore.LiShizhenaGreatMedicalScientistPerhapsnoothermedica