英語六級閱讀理解

（二）

Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingof

drugshavealonghistoryandarecloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefin

magic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniques

madeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccurate

diagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmany

illnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecauses

remainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescriber,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.

Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:this

istheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.

Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine,

includingthedevelopmentofscientificdrugtherapy.Inmanycountriespublichealth

organizationisimprovingandpeople'snutritionalstandardshaverisen.Parallelwithsuch

beneficialtrendshavetwoadverseeffects.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythe

pharmaceuticalindustry,whichhastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsanddoctorsandhasledto

theoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentarysocietywithitsfaulty

waysoflife:lackofexercise,over-eating,unsuitableeating,insufficientsleep,excessive

smokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchasthese,aswellas

fromunhappyhumanrelationships,oftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingof

pharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.

Cleveradvertising,aimedatchronicsuffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenot

beenabletocurethem,caninducesuchfaithinapreparation,particularlyifsteeplypriced,that

itwillproduce—bysuggestion—averyrealeffectinsomepeople.Advertisementsarealsoaimed

atpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupby

themselveswithinashorttime.

Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxatives,indigestionremedies,painkillers,tonics,vitamin

andirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds.Itis

doubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson'shealth;itmayevenmakeitworse.

Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetaker

maybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecause

theymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcause

maybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.

52.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto.

[A]suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistory

[B]definewhatdiagnosismeansexactly

[C]praisedoctorsfortheirexpertise

[D]tellthesymptomsfromthecauses

53.Advertisementsareaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintsbecause.

[A]theyoftenwatchadsonTV

[B]theyaremorelikelytobuythedrugsadvertised

[C]theygenerallyleadasedentarylife

[D]theydon'ttaketosportsandeasilycatchcolds

54.Paragraphs2and3explain.

[A]thosegoodthingsarenotwithoutsideeffects

[B]whycleveradvertisingissopowerful

[C]whyinmoderntimesself-medicationisstillpractised

[D]whypeopledevelopfaultywaysoflife

55.Theauthortellsusinparagraph4.

[A]thereasonsforkeepingmedicinesathome

[B]people'sdoubtabouttakingdrugs

[C]whatkindofmedicinepeopleshouldprepareathome

[D]thepossibleharmsself-medicationmaydotopeople

56.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe.

[A]MedicalPractice[B]CleverAdvertising

[C]Self-Medication[D]Self-Treatment

PassageTwo

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Theageofgildedyouthisover.Today'sunder-thirtiesarethefirstgenerationforacentury

whocanexpectalowerlivingstandardthantheirparents.

Researchintothelifestylesandprospectsofpeoplewhowerebornsince1970showsthat

theyarelikelytofacealifetimeoflongerworkinghours,lowerjobsecurityandhighertaxesthan

thepreviousgeneration.

Whentheyleaveworklateintheevening,theywillbemorelikelytoreturntoasmallrented

flatthantoahouseoftheirown.When,eventually,theyretire,theirpensionsarefarlowerinreal

termsthanthoseoftheirimmediateforebears.

ThesefindingsarerevealedinastudyofthewaytheageingofBritain'spopulationis

affectingdifferentgenerations.

AntheaTinker,professorofsocialgerontology（老人學(xué)）atKing'sCollegeLondon,whocarried

outmuchofthework,saidthegrowthoftheproportionofpeopleover50hadreversedthe

traditionalflowofwealthfromoldertoyoungergenerations.

“Today'soldermiddle-agedandelderlyarebecomingthenewwinners,"shesaid.nThey

maderelativelysmallcontributionsintaxbutnowmakerelativelybigclaimsonthewelfare

system.Generationsborninthelastthreetofourdecadesfacetheprospectofhandingover

morethanathirdoftheirlifetime'searningstocareforthem.0

Thesurgingnumberofolderpeople,manylivingalone,hasalsoincreaseddemandfor

propertyandpusheduphouseprices.Whilepreviousgenerationsfounditeasytoraisea

mortgage,today'sunder-thirtieshavetolivewiththeirparentsorrent.Iftheycanaffordtobuy

ahomeitismorelikelytobeaflatthanahouse.

LauraLenox-Conyngham,28,grewupinalargehouseandhermotherdidnotneedtowork.

Unlikeherwealthyparents,shegraduatedwithstudentandpostgraduateloandebtsof￡13,000.

Shenowearnsabout￡20,000ayear,preparingfoodtobephotographedformagazines.Her

homeisaone-bedroomflatincentralLondonandshesublets(轉(zhuǎn)租)thelungesofa-bedtoher

brother.

"Myfathertookpityandpaidoffmystudentdebts,'*shesaid."ButIstillhavenopensionand

nochanceofbuyingapropertyforatleastacoupleofyears—andthenitwillbesomethingsmall

inabadarea.Myonlyhopeisthetraditionaloneofmeetingarichman.*'

Tinker'sresearchrevealsLenox-Conynghamisrepresentativeofmanyyoungprofessionals,

especiallyinLondon,Manchester,EdinburghandBristol.

57.Bysaying"thegrowthoftheproportion...toyoungergenerations."(Line2,Para.5),

AntheaTinkerreallymeansthat.

[A]currentlywealthflowsfromoldgenerationtoyoungergeneration

[B]traditionallywealthflowsfromyoungergenerationtooldgeneration

[C]withtheincreasinglybigpopulationofover50,thetrendarisesthatwealthflowsfrom

youngergenerationtooldgeneration

[D]withmoreandmorepeopleofover50,traditionshavebeenreversed

58.Whyaretoday'soldermiddle-agedandelderlybecomingthenewwinners?

[A]Becausetheymaderelativelysmallcontributionsintax,butyoungergenerationwill

possiblyhandovermorethanathirdoftheirlifetime'searningsforthecareofthem.

[B]Becausetheycontributedalotintaxandnowcanclaimmuchonthewelfaresystem.

[C]Becausetheymadesmallcontributions,butnowcanmakemoneyeasily.

[D]Becausetheyoutnumberyoungergenerationandenjoymoreprivilegesinthepresent

society.

59.Whichfactorpusheduphouseprices?

[A]Manyyoungmen,wholivealone,haveincreaseddemandforhouses.

[B]Manyyoungmenneedtorentmorehouses.

[C]Itiseasytoapplyforamortgageforyounggeneration.

[D]Thenumberofolderpeople,manyofwhomlivealone,becomesbiggerandbigger.

60.InwhatwaydoesLauraLenox-Conynghammakeherliving?

[A]Bytakingphotographsformagazines.

[B]Bymarringarichman.

[C]Bysublettingtheloungesofa-bedtoherbrother.

[D]Bypreparingfoodforphotographsforsomemagazines.

61.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat.

[A]today*sunder-thirtiesareleadingamiserablelifeinBritain

[B]LauraLenox-Conyngham'sattitudetoworkandliferepresentsthatofmanyyoung

professionalsinBritain

[C]Lifecangetharderforunder-thirtiesinBritain

[D]eldersenjoyextremelyhighlivingstandardsinBritain

（三）

PassageOne

Questions52to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Racket,dinclamor,noise.Whateveryouwanttocallit,unwantedsoundisAmerica'smost

widespreadnuisance.Butnoiseismorethanjustanuisance.Itconstitutesarealandpresent

dangertopeople'shealth.Dayandnight,athome,atwork,andatplay,noisecanproduce

seriousphysicalandpsychologicalstress.Nooneisimmunetothisstress.Thoughweseemto

adjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystill

responds—sometimeswithextremetension,astoastrangesoundinthenight.

Theannoyancewefeelwhenfacedwithnoiseisthemostcommonoutwardsymptomofthe

stressbuildingupinsideus.Indeed,becauseirritabilityissoapparent,legislatorshavemade

publicannoyancethebasisofmanynoiseabatement（消除）programs.Themoresubtleandmore

serioushealthhazardsassociatedwithstresscausedbynoisetraditionallyhavebeengivenmuch

lessattention.Nevertheless,whenweareannoyedormadeirritablebynoise,weshouldconsider

thesesymptomsfairwarningthatotherthingsmaybehappeningtous,someofwhichmaybe

damagingtoourhealth.

Ofthemanyhealthhazardsrelatedtonoise,hearinglossisthemostclearlyobservableand

measurablebyhealthprofessionals.Theotherhazardsarehardertopindown.Formanyofus,

theremaybeariskthatexposuretothestressofnoiseincreasessusceptibilitytodiseaseand

infection.Themoresusceptibleamongusmayexperiencenoiseasacomplicatingfactorinheart

problemsandotherdiseases.Noisethatcausesannoyanceandirritabilityinhealthypersonsmay

haveseriousconsequencesforthosealreadyillinmindorbody.

Noiseaffectsusthroughoutourlives.Forexample,thereareindicationsofeffectsonthe

unbornchildwhenmothersareexposedtoindustrialandenvironmentalnoise.Duringinfancy

andchildhood,youngstersexposedtohighnoiselevelsmayhavetroublefallingasleepand

obtainingnecessaryamountsofrest.

why,then,istherenotgreateralarmaboutthesedangers?Perhapsitisbecausethelink

betweennoiseandmanydisabilitiesordiseaseshasnotvetbeenconclusivelydemonstrated.

Perhapsitisbecausewetendtodismissannoyanceasapricetopayforlivinginthemodern

world.Itmayalsobebecausewestillthinkofhearinglossasonlyanoccupationalhazard.

52.Thephrase“immuneto”（Line3,Para.1）areusedtomean.

[A]unaffectedby[B]hurtby

[C]unlikelytobeseenby[D]unknownby

53.Theauthor'sattitudetowardnoisewouldbestbedescribedas.

[A]unrealistic[B]traditional[C]concerned[D]hysterical

54.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

[A]Noiseisamajorproblem;mostpeoplerecognizeitsimportance.

[B]Althoughnoisecanbeannoying,itisnotamajorproblem.

[C]Noiseisamajorproblemandhasnotyetbeenrecognizedassuch.

[D]Noiseisamajorproblemaboutwhichnothingcanbedone.

55.Theauthorcondemnsnoiseessentiallybecauseit.

[A]isagainstthelaw[B]canmakesomepeopleirritable

[C]isanuisance[D]isadangertopeople'shealth

56.Theauthorwouldprobablyconsiderresearchabouttheeffectsnoisehasonpeopletobe

[A]unimportant[B]impossible

[C]awasteofmoney[D]essential

PassageTwo

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

FreshwaterlifeitselfhasnevercomeeasyintheMiddleEast.EversinceTheOld

Testament(IFI約全書)，Godpunishedmanwith40daysand40nightsofrain.Watersupplieshere

havebeendwindling.Therainfallonlycomesinwinteranddrainsquicklythroughthesemiarid

land,leavingthesoiltobakeandtothirstfornextNovember.

Theregion'sacceleratingpopulation,expandingagriculture,industrialization,andhigher

livingstandardsdemandmorefreshwater.Droughtandpollutionlimititsaavailability.Warand

mismanagementwasteit.SaidJoyceStarroftheGlobalWaterSummitInitiative,basedin

Washington,D.C."NationslikeIsraelandJordanareswiftlyslidingintothatzonewheretheyare

suingallthewaterresourcesavailabletothem.Theyhaveonly15to20yearsleftbeforetheir

agriculture,andultimatelytheirfoodsecurity,isthreatened.M

Icameheretoexaminethiscrisisinthemaking,toinvestigatefearsthat"waterwars"are

imminent,thatwaterhasreplacedoilastheregion'smostcontentiouscommodity.Formorethan

twomonthsItraveledthroughthreerivervalleysandsevennations-fromsouthernTurkey

downtheEuphratesRivertoSyria,Iraq,andontoKuwait;toIsraelandJordan,neighborsacross

thevalleyoftheJordan;tothetimelessEgyptianNile.

Evenamidthescarcitytherearehavesandhave-nots.comparedwiththeUnitedStates,

whichin1990hadfreshwaterpotentialof10,000cubicmeters(2.6milliongallons)ayearfor

eachcitizen,Iraqhad5,500,Turkeyhad4,000,andSyriahadmorethan2,800.Egypt'spotential

wasonly1,100.Israelhad460.Jordanhadameager260.Butthesearenotfirmfigures,because

upstreamuseofriverwatercandramaticallyalterthepotentialdownstream.

Scarcityisonlyoneelementofthecrisis.Inefficiencyisanother,asisthereluctanceofsome

water-poornationstochangeprioritiesfromagriculturetolesswater-intensiveenterprises.

Someexpertssuggestthatifnationswouldsharebothwatertechnologyandresources,they

couldsatisfytheregion'spopulation,currently159million.Butinthispatchworkofethnicand

religiousrivalries,waterseldomstandsaloneasanissue.Itisentangledinthepoliticsthatkeep

peoplefromtrustingandseekinghelpfromoneanother.Here,wherewater,liketruth,is

precious,eachnationtendstofinditsownwaterandsupplyitsowntruth.

AsIsraelihydrologyprofessorUriShamirtoldme:"Ifthereispoliticalwillforpeace,water

willnotbeahindrance.Ifyouwantreasonstofight,waterwillnotbeahindrance.Ifyouwant

reasonstofight,waterwillgiveyouampleopportunities.M

57.Whydoestheauthorusethephrase"fornextNovember',(Line3,Para.1)?

[A]AccordingtotheOldTestamentfreshwaterisavailableonlyinNovember.

[B]RainfallcomesonlyinwinterstartingfromNovember.

[C]RunningwatersystemswillnotbereadyuntilnextNovember.

[D]ItisacustominthatregionthatirrigationtocropsisdoneonlyinNovember.

58.WhatisNOTthecausefortheimminentwaterwar?

[A]Lackofwaterresources.[B]Lackofrainfall.

[C]Inefficientuseofwater.[D]Waterhasreplacedoil.

59.Onewayfortheregiontousewaterefficientlyisto.

[A]developotherenterprisesthatcostlesswater

[B]drawaplanofirrigationforthevariousnations

[C]importwaterfromwater-richnations

[D]stopwarsofanysortforgoodandall

60.UriShamir'sviewpointisthat.

[A]nationsinthatregionarejustfightingforwater

[B]peopletherearethirstyforpeaceinsteadofwater

[C]waterisnoproblemaslongasthereispeace

[D]thosenationshaveeveryreasontofightforwater

61.Theauthor'stoneinthearticlecanbedescribedas.

[A]depressing[B]urgent[C]joking[D]mocking

(四)PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Letussupposethatyouareinthepositionofaparent.Wouldyouallowyourchildrentoread

anybooktheywantedtowithoutfirstcheckingitscontents?Wouldyoutakeyourchildrentosee

anyfilmwithoutfirstfindingoutwhetheritissuitableforthem?Ifyouranswertothesequestions

is"yes'1,thenyouareeitherextremelypermissive.Ifyouransweris*'no",thenyouareexercising

yourrightasaparenttoprotectyourchildrenfromwhatyouconsidertobeundesirable

influences.Inotherwords,byactingasacensoryourself,youareadmittingthatthereisastrong

caseforcensorship.

Now,ofcourse,youwillsaythatitisonethingtoexercisecensorshipwherechildrenare

concernedandquiteanothertodothesameforadults.Childrenneedprotectionanditisthe

parents'responsibilitytoprovideit.Butwhataboutadults?Aren'ttheyoldenoughtodecidewhat

isgoodforthem?Theansweristhatmanyadultsare,butdon'tmakethemistakeofthinkingthat

alladultsarelikeyou.Censorshipisforthegoodofsocietyasawhole.Likethelaw,censorship

contributestothecommongood.

Somepeoplethinkthatitisdisgracefulthatacensorshouldinterferewithworksofart.Who

isthisperson,theysay,tobanthisgreatbookorcutthatgreatfilm?Noonecansethimselfup

asasuperiorbeing.Butwemustremembertwothings.Firstly,wheregenuineworksofartare

concerned,moderncensorsareextremelyliberalintheirviews-oftenfarmoreliberalthana

largesectionofthepublic.Artisticmeritissomethingwhichcensorsclearlyrecognize.And

secondly,wemustbearinmindthatthegreatproportionofbooks,playsandfilmswhichcome

beforethecensorareveryfarfrombeing"worksofart”.

Whendiscussingcensorship,therefore,weshouldnotconfineourattentiontogreat

masterpieces,butshouldconsiderthevastnumbersofpublicationsandfilmswhichmakeupthe

bulkoftheentertainmentindustry.Whencensorshiplawsarerelaxed,immoralpeoplearegiven

alicensetoproducevirtuallyanythinginthenameof“art”.Thereisanincreasingtendencyto

equateartisticwith'?pornographic*'.Thevastmarketforpornographywouldrapidlybeexploited.

Oneofthegreatthingsthatcensorshipdoesistopreventcertainpeoplefrommakingfatprofits

bycorruptingthemindsofothers.Toargueinfavorofabsolutefreedomistoargueinfavorof

anarchy.

Societywouldreallybethepoorerifitdepriveditselfofthewisecounselandtherestraining

influencewhichacensorprovides.

57.Permissiveparentswould.

[A]lettheirchildrenreadanybookstheyliketo

[B]notlettheirchildrenseeanyfilmstheyliketo

[C]notlettheirchildrenreadanybookswithoutfirstcheckingtheircontents

[D]lettheirchildrenseethefilmswiththeirfirstchecking

58.Thefactthatparentscheckthecontentsofthebookorthefilmfortheirchildrentoread

orseeshows.

[A]thenecessityofcensorship

[B]manybooksandfilmsarebad

[C]childrenneedtheirparentstohelpthemunderstandmore

[D]theparentsarepermissive

59.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

[A]Someadultscan'ttellrightfromwrong.

[B]Censorshipiscomparedtothelawbecausebothofthemperformgoodservicetosociety

asawhole.

[C]Censorspayattentiononlytogenuineworksofart.

[D]Censorshipisnecessarybecausemanybooks,playsandfilmsarefarfrombeing"works

ofart”.

60.Whatdoestheword“corrupt”(Line5,Para4)mean?

[A]Makemorallybad.[B]Hurt.[C]Injure.[D]Damage.

61.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?

[A]PermissiveParentsandResponsibleParents.

[B]Censorshipandthelaw.

[C]CensorsValueArtisticMerits.

[D]CensorshipPerformsGoodServicetoSociety.

PassageTwo

Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Onethingthetourbooksdon'ttellyouaboutLondonisthat2,000ofitsresidentsarefoxes.

Asnativeastheroyalfamily,theyfledthecityaboutcenturiesagoafterdevelopersandpollution

movedin.Butnowthattheenvironmentiscleaner,thefoxeshavecomehome,oneofthemany

wildanimalsthathavemovedintourbanareasaroundtheworld.

“Thenumberandvarietyofwildanimalsinurbanareasisincreasing,"saysGomerJones,

presidentoftheNationalInstituteforUrbanWildlife,inColumbia,Maryland.Asurveyofthe

wildlifeinNewYork'sCentralParklastyeartalliedthespeciesofmammals,includingmuskrats,

shrewsandflyingsquirrels.Asimilarsurveyconductedinthe1890scountedonlyfivespecies.

Oneofthecountry'slargestpopulationsofraccoons（浣熊）nowlivesinWashingtonD.C.,and

moose（駝鹿）areregularlyseenwanderingintoMainetowns.Peregrinefalcons（游隼）divefromthe

windowledgesofbuildingsinthelargestU.S.citiestopreyonpigeons.

Severalchangeshavebroughtwildanimalstothecities.Foremostisthatairandwater

qualityinmanycitieshasimprovedasaresultofthe1970s'pollution-controlefforts.Meanwhile,

ruralareashavebeenbuiltup,leavingmanyanimalsontheedgesofsuburbia.Inaddition,

conservationistshavecreatedurbanwildliferefuges.

TheGreaterLondonCouncillastyearspent$750,000tobuylandandbuild10permanent

wildliferefugesinthecity.Over1,000volunteershavedonatedmoneyandclearedrubblefrom

derelictlots.Asaresult,pheasantsnowstrutintheEastEndandbadgersscuttleacrosslawns

nearthecenteroftown.AcolonyofrarehousemartinsnestsonawindowledgebesideHarrods,

andoneeveninglastyearafoxwasseenonWestminsterBridgelookingupatBigBen.

Forperegrinefalcons,citiesareactuallysaferthanruralcliffdwellings.By1970thebirds

wereextincteastoftheMississippibecausetheDDThadmadetheireggstoothintosupportlife.

Thatyear,ornithologistTomCadeofCornellUniversitybeganrisingthebirdsforreleaseincities,

forcitiesaffordedabundantfoodandcontainednoneoftheperegrine'snaturalpredators.

"Beforetheywereexterminated,somemigratedtocitiesontheirownbecausetheyhadrun

outofcliffspace,"Cadesays.uToperegrines,buildingsarejustlikecliffs.MHehasreleasedabout

30birdssince1975inNewYork,Baltimore,PhiladelphiaandNorfolk,andofthe20pairsnow

livingintheEast,halfareurbanites."Afewoftheyoungoneshavegottenintotroublebyfalling

downchimneysandcrashingintowindow-glass,butoveralltheiradjustmenthasbeen

successful.M

62.Thefirstparagraphsuggeststhat.

[A]environmentiscrucialforwildlife

[B]tourbooksarenotalwaysareliablesourceofinformation

[C]Londonisacityoffox

[D]foxesarehighlyadaptabletoenvironment

63.Theselectionisprimarilyconcernedwith.

[A]wildlifeofallkindsreturningtolargecitiestolive

[B]falconsinNewYork,Baltimore,Philadelphia,andNorfolk

[C]moosestumblingintoplate-glassstorefronts

[D]foxesreturningtoLondon

64.Inthe4thparagraphthepheasants,badgers,andmartinsetc.arementionedto

[A]explaintheirlivinghabit

[B]makeknowntheirhabitat

[C]showtheendeavorsofLondonerstomakethecityhabitableforwildlife

[D]encouragevolunteerstodosomethingforthespecies

65.Themainideaofparagraph3is.

[A]thatairandwaterqualityhasimprovedinthecities

[B]whywildlifelikesthenoiseandcommotioninthecities

[C]thatwildliferefugeshavebeenbuiltinthecities

[D]whywildlifeisreturningtocities

66.Citiesmakegoodhomesforperegrinefalconsbecausetheyprovide.

[A]bountifulnestingareas,abundantfood,andrainwatercontrolbasins

[B]abundantfood,buildingsthatresemblecliffs,andnonaturalpredators

[C]largebuildingswithchimneysotherwildlife,andwell-lightednestingareas

[D]abundantfood,chimneys,rubble,andwindowsills

PartVCloze(15minutes)

Mostpeoplewouldbe67bythehighqualityofmedicine68tomostAmericans.Thereis

alotofspecialization,agreatdealof69totheindividual,a70amountofadvancedtechnical

equipment,and71effortnottomakemistakesbecauseofthefinancialriskwhichdoctorsand

hospitalsmust72inthecourtsifthey73thingsbadly.

ButtheAmericansareinamess.Theproblemisthewayin74healthcareisorganizedand

75.76topublicbeliefitisnotjustafreecompetitionsystem.Theprivatesystemhasbeenjoined

alargepublicsystem,becauseprivatecarewassimplynot77thelessfortunateandtheelderly.

Butevenwiththishugepublicpartofthesystem,78thisyearwilleatup84.5billion

dollars—morethan10percentoftheU.S.budget—largenumbersofAmericansareleft79.

Theseincludeabouthalfthe11millionunemployedandthosewhofailtomeetthestrictlimits80

incomefixedbyagovernmenttryingtomakesavingswhereitcan.

Thebasicproblem,however,isthatthereisnocentralcontrol81thehealthsystem.Thereis

no82towhatdoctorsandhospitalschargefortheirservices,otherthanwhatthepublicisable

topay.Thenumberofdoctorshasshotupandpriceshaveclimbed.Whenfacedwithtoothache,

asickchild,oraheartattack,alltheunfortunatepersonconcernedcandois83up.

Two-thirdsofthepopulation84coveredbymedicalinsurance.Doctorschargeasmuchas

theywant85thattheinsurancecompanywillpaythebill.

TherisingcostofmedicineintheU.S.isamongthemostworryingproblemsfacingthe

country.In1981thecountry'shealthbillclimbed15.9percent-abouttwiceasfastasprices86

general.

67.AcompressedBimpressedCobsessedDrepressed

68.AavailableBattainableCachievableDamenable

69.AextensionBretentionCattentionDexertion

70.AcountlessBtitanicCbroadDvast

71.AintensiveBabsorbedCintenseDconcentrated

72.ArunintoBcomeintoCfaceDdefy

73.AtreatBdealCmaneuverDhandle

74.AwhichBthatCwhatDwhen

75.AtofinanceBfinancedCthefinanceDtobefinanced

76.AContraryBOpposedCAverseDObjected

77.AlookingforBlookingintoClookingafterDlookingover

78.AwhichBwhatCthatDit

79.AoverBoutCoffDaway

80.AforBinCwithDon

81.AoverBonCunderDbehind

82.AboundaryBrestrictionCconfinementDlimit