2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語單元素能自測3Unit3Fasterhigherstronger含解析外研版選擇性必修第一冊

單元素能自測Ⅰ.完形填空SurvivalintheAndesOnOctober13,1972,asmallplanecrashedintoamountainintheAndes.Howsomeofthepassengers__1__toliveisoneofthegreatestsurvivalstoriesevertold.Thesurvivors__2__insidetheremains(殘骸)oftheplane,andwaitedfora__3__thatnevercame.Itwasurgenttofindawayto__4__.Threeofthepassengers—Canessa,Parrado,andVizintin—volunteeredto__5__throughthemountainstosearchforhelp.Thethreemen__6__thattheywouldsurviveandbringbackhelp.Forpartofthefirstday,theyweregladtomakesome__7__.Butasthelandandweatherchanged,climbingbecame__8__.Afterseveraldays,theyreachedwhattheythoughtwasthetop.Theyhad__9__thismomentfordays.Ontheothersideofthetop,theyhoped,wouldbea__10__leadingdownandoutofthemountains.However,theysawthesamesnow-coveredtops.Allhopewasn'tlost.Parrado__11__twolowtopsfarawaythatdidn'thavesnow.__12__theycouldgetthere,theywouldbeoutoftheAndes.Withinthefollowingdaystheywalkedtowardthetwolowtops.“Thisisthevalley，”Canessasaid.“Thisistheway__13__.”ByDecember21,theextremely__14__menmadeittothetownofLosMaitenes,andarescueteamwassentto__15__forthesurvivors.Finallyalloftheremainingsurvivorsweresaved.這是一篇記敘文。敘述了1972年10月13日，一架飛機(jī)在安第斯山脈墜機(jī)，飛機(jī)上一些乘客幸存下來，其中三名乘客自愿走出安第斯山脈尋求外界救援，并最終勝利幫助其他人獲救的故事。1．A.learned B．managedC．decided D．expected答案：B解析：考查動詞辨析。句意：一些乘客是如何勝利活了下來，這是有史以來最宏大的幸存故事之一。A.learned學(xué)習(xí)；B.managed設(shè)法；C.decided確定；D.expected期望。依據(jù)標(biāo)題“SurvivalintheAndes”可知，此處是一些乘客如何勝利活下來。managetodosth.“設(shè)法做某事”。故選B。2．A.stayed B．lookedC．turned D．reached答案：A解析：考查動詞辨析。句意：生還者留在飛機(jī)殘骸里，等待救援，但始終沒有勝利。A.stayed待；B.looked看；C.turned轉(zhuǎn)向；D.reached到達(dá)。飛機(jī)失事，生還者只有待在飛機(jī)殘骸里，才能保證自己幸存下來，符合常識。故選A。3．A.present B．dangerC．message D．rescue答案：D解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：生還者留在飛機(jī)殘骸里，等待救援，但始終沒有勝利。A.present禮物；B.danger危急；C.message信息；D.rescue營救。由下文可知，三名生還者自愿走出安第斯山去尋求救援，所以推斷出，這些生還者，等待了一段時(shí)間，但是救援沒有來。故選D。4．A.prepare B．continueC．escape D．develop答案：C解析：考查動詞辨析。句意：最緊急的是要逃出去。A.prepare打算；B.continue接著；C.escape逃脫；D.develop發(fā)展。飛機(jī)失事，生還者被困在安第斯山，所以當(dāng)務(wù)之急就是要找到出去的路。故選C。5．A.journey B．compareC．measure D．expand答案：A解析：考查動詞辨析。句意：其中的三名乘客——Canessa、Parrado和Vizintin——自愿穿越山脈尋求幫助。A.journey旅行；Bpare對比；C.measure測量；D.expand膨脹。這里的journey指的是三名志愿者長途旅行去找尋救援。故選A。6．A.admitted B．promisedC．informed D．reminded答案：B解析：考查動詞辨析。句意：這三個(gè)人保證他們會活下去，并找人來救援。A.admitted承認(rèn)；B.promised承諾；C.informed告知；D．reminded提示。promise承諾，即表明三位志愿者對于完成任務(wù)的信念，也表示賜予其他生還者以希望。故選B。7．A.policy B．helpC．progress D．a(chǎn)dvice答案：C解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：第一天的時(shí)間里，他們很興奮取得了一些進(jìn)展。A.policy政策；B.help幫助；C.progress進(jìn)步；D.advice建議。由“glad”可知，他們?nèi)〉昧艘恍┻M(jìn)展。makeprogress取得進(jìn)步，符合句意。故選C。8．A.narrower B．heavierC．sharper D．tougher答案：D解析：考查形容詞比較級辨析。句意：但隨著陸地和天氣的改變，攀登變得更加艱難。A.narrower狹窄的；B.heavier重的；C.sharper尖銳的；D.tougher強(qiáng)壯的；艱難的。由but可知，陸地和天氣的改變導(dǎo)致了攀登變得不順當(dāng)，變得更加艱難了。故選D。9．A.imagined B．a(chǎn)rrangedC．witnessed D．a(chǎn)ppreciated答案：A解析：考查動詞辨析。句意：他們幾天來始終在想象這一刻。A.imagined想象；B.arranged支配；C.witnessed見證；D.appreciated感謝。由上文“Afterseveraldays,theyreachedwhattheythoughtwasthetop.”可知，幾天后，他們到達(dá)了他們認(rèn)為是頂峰的地方。所以這是他們始終在想象的時(shí)刻。故選A。10．A.court B．valleyC．border D．channel答案：B解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：在山頂?shù)牧硪贿?，他們希望有一個(gè)向下延長且通往山外的山谷。A.court法庭；B.valley山谷；C.border邊界；D.channel通道。山與山之間的區(qū)域是峽谷，也可能是通往外界的路。所以他們很希望能看到這樣的山谷。故選B。11．A.spotted B．countedC．rejected D．mentioned答案：A解析：考查動詞辨析。句意：盡管他們還在山的中心，但Parrado發(fā)覺了遠(yuǎn)處兩個(gè)沒有雪的低山頂。A.spotted發(fā)覺；B.counted數(shù)；C.rejected拒絕；D.mentioned提及。spot發(fā)覺，有驚異和出人意料之意。他們走了許多天，發(fā)覺了低山頂，看到了希望。故選A。12．A.Because B．HowC．Where D．If答案：D解析：考查連詞辨析。句意：假如他們能到達(dá)那里，他們就會走出安第斯山脈。A.Because因?yàn)椋籅.How如何；C.Where在……的地方；D.If假如。依據(jù)前文可知并非全部的希望都破滅了。本句說明為什么有希望：假如他們能到達(dá)那里，他們就會走出安第斯山脈。故選D。13．A.behind B．outC．a(chǎn)part D．off答案：B解析：考查副詞辨析。句意：這就是出去的路。A.behind在后面；B.out在外面；C.apart分別；D.off走開。由前文“__12__theycouldgetthere,theywouldbeoutoftheAndes.”可知，假如他們到達(dá)那里，他們就有可能走出安第斯山，所以走出用out。故選B。14．A.tired B．disappointedC．frightened D．puzzled答案：A解析：考查形容詞辨析。句意：到12月21日，那些極度乏累的人來到了洛斯梅滕鎮(zhèn)，一支救援隊(duì)被立刻派出去搜尋那些生還者。A.tired乏累的；B.disappointed悲觀的；C.frightened膽怯 的；D.puzzled困惑的。由12月21日可知，三個(gè)志愿者走了好多天，所以他們肯定很乏累。故選A。15．A.fight B．callC．search D．a(chǎn)sk答案：C解析：考查動詞辨析。句意：到12月21日，那些極度乏累的人來到了洛斯梅滕鎮(zhèn)，一支救援隊(duì)被立刻派出去搜尋那些生還者。A.fight打仗；B.call打電話；C.search搜查；D.ask問。searchfor搜尋。因?yàn)椴恢榔渌€者詳細(xì)在什么位置，所以要去搜尋他們的位置。故選C。Ⅱ.閱讀理解“IfIonlyhadalittlehumility,I'dbeperfect，”themediagiantTedTurnersupposedlysaidsometimeinthe1990s.Whybemodest?Aristotlesaid:“Allmenbynaturedesiretoknow.”Intellectualhumilityisaparticularinstanceofhumility,sinceyoucanbedown-to-earthaboutmostthingsbutstillignoreyourmentallimitations.Intellectualhumilitymeansrecognisingthatwedon'tknoweverything.Actually,itmeansweshouldacknowledgethatwe'reprobablybiasedinourbeliefaboutjusthowmuchweunderstandandseekoutthesourcesofwisdomthatwelack.TheInternetanddigitalmediahavecreatedtheimpressionoflimitlessknowledgeatourfingertips.But,bymakinguslazy,theyhaveopenedupaspacethatignorancecanfill.ThepsychologistTaniaLombrozooftheUniversityofCaliforniaexplainedhowtechnologyenhancesourillusions(錯覺)ofwisdom.Shearguesthatthewayweaccessinformationiscriticaltoourunderstanding—andthemoreeasilywecanrecallanimage,awordorstatement,themorelikelywe'llthinkwe'vesuccessfullylearnedit,andsowithdrawfromeffortfulcognitiveprocessing.Logicalpuzzlespresentedinanunfriendlyfont(字體),forexample,canencouragesomeonetomakeextraefforttosolvethem.Yetthisapproachrunscountertothenicedesignsoftheappsandsitesthatpopulateourscreens,whereourbrainprocessesinformationina“smooth”way.Whataboutalltheinformationthatpresentsonline?Well,yourcapacitytolearnfromitdependsonyourattitudes.Intellectuallyhumblepeopledon'thideorignoretheirweaknesses.Infact,theyseethemassourcesofpersonaldevelopment,anduseargumentsasanopportunitytorefinetheirviews.Peoplewhoarehumblebynaturetendtobemoreopen-mindedandquickertoresolvedisputes,sincetheyrecognisethattheirownopinionsmightnotbevalid.Attheotherendofthescaleliesintellectualarrogance.Sucharrogancealmostalwaysoriginatesfromtheegocentricbias—thetendencytooverestimatetheirownvirtueorimportance,ignoringtheroleofchanceortheinfluenceofotherpeople'sactionsontheirlives.Thisiswhatmakesthesepeoplecreditsuccesstothemselvesandfailuretocircumstance.Fromanevolutionaryperspective,intellectualarrogancecanalsobeseenasawayofachievingdominancethroughforcingone'sviewonothers.Intellectuallyarrogantpeoplehardlyinvestmentalresourcesindiscussionorworkingtowardsgroupconsensus,thusmakingithardforgroupstoworksuccessfully.TheThriveCenterforHumanDevelopmentinCalifornia,whichseekstohelpyoungpeopleturnintosuccessfuladults,isfundingaseriesofmajorstudiesaboutintellectualhumility.Theirhypothesisisthathumility,curiosityandopennessarekeytoafulfillinglife.“Withouthumility,youareunabletolearn，”LaszloBock,Google'sHeadofPeopleOperations,notes.這是一篇爭論文。文章主要講解并描述了理智謙遜的重要性。理智謙遜的人不會隱藏或忽視自己的弱點(diǎn)，他們把這視為個(gè)人發(fā)展的源泉，并把爭辯當(dāng)作完善自己觀點(diǎn)的機(jī)會。1．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．theharmarrogancedoestousB．thekeyelementstoafulfillinglifeC．thesignificanceofintellectualhumilityD．thewaypeopleaccessinformationonline答案：C解析：主旨大意題。分析文章可知，文章主要講解并描述了理智謙遜的重要性。理智謙遜的人不會隱藏或忽視自己的弱點(diǎn)，他們把這視為個(gè)人發(fā)展的源泉，并把爭辯當(dāng)作完善自己觀點(diǎn)的機(jī)會。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選C。2．Technologyenhancesourillusionsofwisdombecauseit________.A．enablespeopletothinkcriticallyB．offerstoomuchunreliableinformationC．a(chǎn)llowseasyaccesstoabundantinformationD．makesithardforpeopletorecallinformation答案：C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段中“TheInternetanddigitalmediahavecreatedtheimpressionoflimitlessknowledgeatourfingertips.”以及“thewayweaccessinformationiscriticaltoourunderstanding—andthemoreeasilywecanrecallanimage,awordorstatement,themorelikelywe'llthinkwe'vesuccessfullylearnedit,andsowithdrawfromeffortfulcognitiveprocessing.”可知，技術(shù)使我們對自己的才智產(chǎn)生了錯覺，因?yàn)樗刮覀兡軌蚝唵蔚孬@得豐富的信息。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選C。3．AccordingtoPara.3,intellectuallyhumblepeople________.A．valueothers'opinionsmorethantheirownB．useonlineinformationtobetterthemselvesC．a(chǎn)reunwillingtoshowtheirstrengthsD．prefertosolvedifficultproblems答案：B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段中“Intellectuallyhumblepeopledon'thideorignoretheirweaknesses.Infact,theyseethemassourcesofpersonaldevelopment,anduseargumentsasanopportunitytorefinetheirviews.”可知，他們把網(wǎng)上的信息視為個(gè)人發(fā)展的源泉，是完善自我的機(jī)會。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選B。4．Theauthorwillprobablyagreethat________.A．intellectualarroganceistheresultofevolutionB．intellectuallyarrogantpeopleoftenlackteamspiritC．successfulpeopleareoftenunawareoftheirlimitationsD．circumstancesdon'tfavorintellectuallyarrogantpeople答案：B解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章倒數(shù)其次段中“Intellectuallyarrogantpeoplehardlyinvestmentalresourcesindiscussionorworkingtowardsgroupconsensus,thusmakingithardforgroupstoworksuccessfully.”可知，自大的智者缺乏合作精神。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選B。Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Oncetherewasanemperor(皇帝)intheFarEastwhowasgrowingoldandknewitwascomingtimetochoosehissuccessor(繼承者).Insteadofchoosingoneofhisownchildren,hedecidedtodosomethingdifferent.Hecalledalltheyoungpeopletogetheroneday.Hesaid,“It'stimeformetostepdownandtochoosethenextemperor.I'vedecidedtochooseoneofyou.”Thekidswereshocked!Buttheemperorcontinued,“I'mgoingtogiveeachofyouaspecialseed(種子).Iwantyoutogohome,planttheseed,waterandcomebackhereoneyearfromtodaywithwhatyou'vegrownfromthisoneseed.Iwillthenjudgetheplantsyoubring,andtheoneIchoosewillbethenextemperor！”O(jiān)neboynamedLingwastherethatdayandhe,liketheothers,receivedaseed.Backhome,heplantedtheseedinapotandwatereditcarefully.Everydayhewouldwateritandwatchtoseeifithadgrown.Afterthreeweeks,someoftheotheryouthsbegantotalkabouttheirseedsandtheplantsthatwerebeginningtogrow.Lingkeptcheckinghisseed,butnothingevergrew.Threeweeks,fourweekswentby.Stillnothing.Hefeltlikeafailure.Sixmonthswentby,everyoneelsehadtreesandtallplants,buthehadnothing.Lingdidn'tsayanythingtohisfriends.However,hejustkeptwaitingforhisseedtogrow.Ayearfinallywentbyandalltheyouthsbroughttheirplantstotheemperorforinspection.Lingdidn'twanttogo,buthismotherencouragedhimtogoandtobehonestaboutwhathappened.Lingknewhismotherwasright.Hetookhisemptypottothepalace.WhenLingarrived,hewasamazedat