(高雄市立新莊高中)

LungtengEnglishReader3Lesson4AreYouInventive?KaohsiungMunicipalHsinChuangSeniorHighSchool(高雄市立新莊高中)PresentedbyLing,Yuling(凌玉玲)1IntroductionGraphicTypes:

BrainstormingWeb&HierarchyChartFocusoftheContent:Classifying&DescribingwithExamples

GrammarFocus:

TransitionalWords

Thereadingbeginswithanumberofquestionstomotivatethestudents.Thecontrastcreatedbetweenthegreatinventionsandtheseeminglysmalloneswellservesasapreludetoitsmainidea:everyonecanbeinventiveaslongashekeepshismindactive.Bygivingpracticalexamplesinthelistofpossiblecausestoinventions,thereadingnotonlyactivatesthestudents’backgroundknowledgebutalsoproposesmanypossibilitiesforfutureinventions.

2Lesson

PlanI.BackgroundII.NewInformationIII.Practice&PersonalizationIV.ExtensionActivities&Application3

I.Background

1.1Readthepassagestoestablishbackgroundknowledgeofthetext.

ThesafetypinwasinventedwhileWalterHuntwastwistingapieceofwire,tryingtothinkofsomethingthatwouldhelphimpayoffafifteendollardebt.OnApril10,1849,thesafetypinwaspatented.WalterHuntthoughtlittleofhissafetypinasaninventionandsoonsoldthepatentforfourhundreddollars.ThefirstmechanicalalarmclockWasinventedbyLeviHutchins,ofNewHampshire,intheU.S.,in1787.Thisdevicehemadeonlyforhimself,however,anditonlyrangat4AMinordertowakehimforhisjob.TheFrenchinventor,AntoineRedierwasthefirsttopatentanadjustablemechanicalalarmclock,in1847.

2.1.4What:Why:When:How:Who:What:When:Where:Why:Who:1.2Workoutthetwographsbasedontheestablishedknowledge.GraphforPassageI:

April10,1849WalterHuntGraphforPassage2:

safetypinTopayoffa$15debtBytwistingapieceofwirealarmclockLeviHutchins1787TowakehimupforjobtheU.S.5II.NewInformation

2.1TextAnalysis:Answerthemodelingquestionstoanalyzethetext.Introduction

1.Whatarethefivequestionsaskedbytheauthortoinitiatethetopic?2.Whoarethegreatinventorsthathavechangedthewaypeoplelive?3.Whatarethetwosmallinventionsthathavemadepeople’sliveseasier?

MainPart

4.Whichsentenceintroducesthelistofthreefactorsof

invention?6Brainstorming5.Whatisusedasanexampletoexplainthatpeoplehavethoughtofmanysolutionstosolveproblemstheyfaceinlife?6.Whatisthedefinitionof“brainstorming〞?Observation7.Whoissuggestedasanexampleofinventingbyobservation?8.Whatarethetwoexamplesofcommonproblemsthatpeoplemightthinkofnewwaystodealwith?7Conclusion11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestintheend?InventingwithOddsandEnds

9.Whataretheexamplesofoddsandendsfoundinadrawerorabox?10.Whatisthedevicethatisthoughtofwiththeoddsandends?8Introduction5initiativequestions4biginventorswhohavechangedthewaypeoplelive2smallinventionsthathavemadelifeeasierMainPartQ3:Q5:Q4:Q2:Q1:2.2GraphicOrganizer:Illustratethetextwithgraphsinorder

oftheintroduction,themainpart,andtheconclusion.9IntroductorySentence:

Factor1:Factor2:Factor3:Example:ConcludingSentence:3FactorsofInvention&ExamplesMainPartExample:Example:10

5initiativequestionsQ1:Whenyouheartheword“invention,〞whatcomestomind?Q3:Doyoubelievethatinventionscanonlybethoughtorcreatedbyfamouspeople?Q2:Doyouthinkinventionsarenewthingsthatchangehowwelive?Q4:Areyouinventive?Q5:Doyouthinkyoumightinventsomethingnewandusefulsomeday?2.2IndividualGraphswithAnswers:114biginventorswhohavechangedthewaypeoplelivethetelephonetheairplanethemodernsteamenginethelightbulbThomasEdisonJames

WattAlexanderG.BellTheWrightBrothers2smallinventionsthathavemadelifeeasierthesafetypinthesafetyrazor12ConcludingSentence:MainPart3FactorsofInvention&ExamplesJustkeepyourmindactiveandletyourimaginationgo.Youmaybemoreinventivethanyouthink!IntroductorySentence:

Let’stakealookathownewinventionscomeintobeing.BrainstormingObservationInventingwith

OddsandEndsthealarmclockJamesWatt&thesteamenginethemessagedeliveryservice133.1Sometransitionsarefoundinthetext:however,forexample,attheveryleast,likewise,andthen.Combinethesentenceswithaproper

transition.

1.

Lasersarewidelyappliedinmedicine.Theyarecommoninthetreatmentofeyediseases.

2.

Ihavealwaysenjoyedgoingtothebeach.Inevergothereatmidday.

Lasersarewidelyappliedinmedicine;forexample,theyarecommoninthetreatmentofeyediseases.Ihavealwaysenjoyedgoingtothebeach;however,Inevergothereatmidday.III.PracticeandPersonalization143.

SanFranciscohasafamousstraitintheGoldenGate.SeattlehasafamousstraitinPugetSound.

4.Thegroundscrewmowsthecoursefirst.Theywaterit.

5.Helpingothersissomethingworthdoing.Youfeelhappyafterhelpingothers.

SanFranciscohasafamousstraitintheGoldenGate;likewise,SeattlehasafamousstraitinPugetSound.Thegroundscrewwaterthecourse;thentheymowsit.Helpingothersissomethingworthdoing;attheveryleast,youfeelhappyafterdoingit.15ToshowUsetheExpressionsAdditioninaddition,also,besides,furthermore,moreover,what’smoreSimilarityinthesameway,likewise,similarlyContrastincontrast,however,instead,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,otherwise,nevertheless,still,yetEmphasisofcourse,certainly,indeed,infact,truly,aboveallExampleforexample,forinstance,namelyGeneralityingeneral,asarule,onthewhole,typicallyCause&Effectasaresult,consequently,hence,therefore,thus,accordingly,forthisreasonConclusionfinally,inconclusion,inshort,insummary,inbrief,tosumupSequencetobeginwith,first,second,third,then,next,afterwards,finally,atlast,eventually,meanwhile3.2Checkthetableoftransitionsandthenfillintheblankswithpropertransitionstocompletetheparagraph.16Ingeneral,thereareseveralsolutionstotheworseninggarbagepollution.(1),litteringshouldalwaysbeprohibitedandfined.(2),peoplemustsorttheirgarbageandrecyclesuchthingsasoldnewspapersandtinsandglassbottlesbecausetheycanbereused.(3),thegovernmentshouldfindbuildenoughincineratorsorfindsanitarylandfillstodealwiththeincreasingamountofgarbage.(4),peoplemustn’tcreatetoomuchgarbage;(5),theearthwillbecoveredwithgarbage.Afterall,thereisonlyoneearthtoliveon.Completethepassagebyfillingintheblankswithpropertransitions.TobeginwithBesidesWhat’smoreAboveallotherwise17

Televisionhasagreatinfluenceonourlife.Itisregardedasoneofthemosteffectivemeansofcommunication.Toahighschoolstudent,itservesthreemainfunctions:education,information,andrecreation.Firstofall,watchingTVenablesustoenlargeourknowledgeinallrespects.Forexample,bywatchingsuchchannelsasDiscovery,NationalGeographic,AnimalPlanet,andthePublicTVstation,wecanrealizetheimportanceofthenaturalenvironment,understandhumanhistory,andlearnaboutnewscience.Besides,thankstotheall-daynewsstationsandthesportsrelaynetwork,watchingTVkeepsusinformedofthelatestbigeventshappeningintheworld.What’sbest,TVprovidesuswithhighqualityentertainmentwithoutleavingthehouseorspendingalotofmoney.Whenwefeelbored,thevarietyshowsonTVcanaddfuntoourlife.Also,channelslikeHBO,Cinemax,AXN,Hollywood,andStarMovieplayawidevarietyoffilmsforustochoosefrom.3.3Readthepassage,createagraphbasedonitscontent,andcompletetheanswers.18ASuggestedGraphonthePassage:19TheGraphwithAnswers:20

4.1OralReport:TheGreatInvention

Workingroupsandchooseaninventiontoresearch.Theoralreportshouldincludeinformationabouthowtheinventioncameintobeingaswellashowithadchangedtheworld.

AnExampleofaWorksheetIV.ExtensionActivitiesandApplication21Invention:TheCreditCardHistory:TheuseofcreditcardoriginatedintheU.S.duringthe1920s.Atthattime,theindividualfirmssuchasoilcompaniesandhotelchainsbegantoissuecreditcardstotheircustomers.Thosecreditcardswereuseddirectlybetweenthecompanyanditscustomers.Until1938,manycompaniesbegantoreceiveeachother’scards.Todaypeoplecanusecreditcardstobuythingsincountlessstores.SomecreditcardsevenallowtheirownerstoborrowcashformtheATM.Influence:Byusingthecreditcardtomakepurchases,peoplewillnothavetocarryalotofmoney,especiallywhentheyaretravelingabroad.Creditcardscanhelppeopleavoidtheft,robberyandinconveniences.Peoplecannowbuythingsandpayforitlater.Therefore,theycanenjoybeforereallypayingthemoney.Ontheotherhand,somepeopledonotusetheircardsmartandtheygetintotrouble.Tosumup,creditcardscanbegoodtoolsortrouble-makers,itdependsonhowpeopleusethem.224.2Writing:What’sNext?

Workinagroup,generatealistofpossiblefutureinventionneedsandchooseaneedtofillbyproposinganewinvention.Sketchtheinventionandwriteanexplanationofhowitworksandwhomitwillbenefit.AnExampleoftheListofPossibleInventionNeedspollutionagingenergysourcestransportationhealthwildlifeprotectiontimetravelrecreationhumancommunication23Problems&Needs:Peoplefrommodernworldareundergreatpressurefromeverywhereoflife.Wecaneasilybeannoyedorirritatedbylittlethings.Sometimeswhenwefacedifficultiesandtheresultturnoutasadisaster,wefeltsorryforwhatwe’vedoneandthebadthoughtsjuststayinourmind,keepingusawayfromallthepossibilitiestosuccess.Evennightmarescankeepourmindinhorroranddistractfromwhatwe’redoing.Iwonderiftherewilleverbeawaytosolvethiskindofproblem.TheInvention:“TheHCHSMemoryFixer”–amachinethatcanfixmemoriesandnightmares,helpingyouforgetwhatyou’vedonesoyoucanembracethebrightfuture.HowtheInventionWorks:Firstofall,weneedapersonwhosuffersfrombaddreamsorwhocannotgetridofthenegativethoughtsinhismind.We’llhavehimwearaspeciallymanufacturedhelmetandthenlayhimundertheMF.Themanwillfallintoashortperiodofsleep,duringwhichthemachinekeepsoncastingakindofpurifiedelectricalwave,eliminatingthebadthoughtsandturningthemintopositivepower.Bythetimethemancomesto,whathewillrememberisthehappinessandtheaccomplishmentshehas,whichcanencouragehimtoworkharderandhaveahappierlife.AnExampleofWriting24ASketchoftheHCHSMemoryFixer1zzz23425AnAdvertisementtoPromotetheHCHSMemoryFixerBadMemoriesBotheringYou?UnforgettableNightmares?LETUSHELPYOU!TheHCHSMemoryFixerwilltakeallyourbadmemoriesaway.Justgiveusacallat(07)343-3618Freeifthefirsttime.

26I.Thetextliststhreefactorsofinvention.Readthestoriesand

decidewhatfactorsareinvolvedintheprocessofinvention.1.OnecoldDecemberdayin1873,toprotecthisearsfromfreezingwhileiceskating,13-year-oldChesterGreenwoodfoundapieceofwire,andwithhisgrandmother'shelp,paddedtheends.Inthebeginning,hisfriendslaughedathim.However,whentheyrealizedthathewasabletostayoutsideskatinglongaftertheyhadgoneinsidefreezing,theystoppedlaughing.Instead,theybegantoaskChestertomakeearcoversforthem,too.Atage17Chesterappliedforapatent.Forthenext60years,Chester'sfactorymadeearmuffs,andearmuffsmadeChesterrich.

Factorsinvolvedinclude

brainstorming&inventingwithoddsandends.Complement272.Theideaofelectriclightingwasnotnew,andanumberofpeoplehadworkedonandevendevelopedformsofelectriclighting.Butuptothattime,nothinghadbeendevelopedthatwasremotelypracticalforhomeuse.Edison'seventualachievementwasnotjustanincandescentelectriclightbutalsoanelectriclightingsystemthatcontainedalltheelementsnecessarytomaketheincandescentlightpractical,safe,andeconomical.Afteroneandahalfyearsofwork,successwasachievedwhenanincandescentlampwithafilamentofcarbonizedsewingthreadburnedforthirteenandahalfhours.

Factorsinvolvedinclude3.Attheturnofthecentury,Mrs.EarlDickson,aninexperiencedcook,oftenburnedandcutherself.Mr.Dickson,aJohnsonandJohnsonemployee,gotplentyofpracticeinhandbandaging.Outofconcernforhiswife'ssafety,hebegantopreparebandagesaheadoftimes