Unit3TheWorldofScienceUsingLanguage語法課件高中英語

B3U3Theworldofscienceusinglanguage（presentperfectpassive）現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)Bytheendoftheclass,youwillbeableto:1.observeexamplesentences,findoutandsummarizethefeaturesandusagesofpresentperfectpassive,andusetheminrealcontexts.2.learnmoretopicvocabularythatdescribesdifferentcareersinscience,andusethevocabularytoexpresscareersinscience.LearningObjectives

現(xiàn)在完成時(ThePresentPerfectTense)是過去的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，可能持續(xù)發(fā)生下去。在英語時態(tài)中，“時”指動作發(fā)生的時間，“態(tài)”指動作的樣子和狀態(tài)。

構成：主語+have/has+done（動詞過去分詞）StepI:Leadin什么是現(xiàn)在完成時？1.I’llbetalkingtoDrRichardFairhurst,whosenewbookTheNewAgeofInvention

hasjustbeenpublished.2.Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.3.Inaddition,importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandscienceenvironmentalthankstoincreasingcomputerpower.

主動語態(tài)表示主語為動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語為動作的承受者?，F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)強調過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果且主語為動作的承受者，表示“……已經(jīng)被……”構成：主語+have/has+been+done（動詞過去分詞）StepI:Leadin什么是現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成進行時的被動語態(tài)結構

現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的基本結構是“主語十have/hasbeen十done”。在不同的句式中,其具體形式也有所不同。句式結構肯定句主語+have/hasbeendone(十其他)否定句主語+have/hasnotbeendone(十其他)一般疑問句Have/Has十主語+beendone(十其他)?特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+been

done(十其他)?Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.(P38-A1)Activity1:Lookandanswer0,000peoplereadingmyblog!bIlovetophotographtherisingsun,…a.Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.b.Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedto

makereplacementheartsandboneparts.Q1.Whathashappenedto“you”insentence(a)Someonehasasked“you”aboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.Q2.Whohasusednewinventionstomakereplacementheartsandbonepartsinsentence(b)Peoplehaveused3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.StepII:AnalysisandIdentificationLookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.Activity1:Lookandanswer0,000peoplereadingmyblog!bIlovetophotographtherisingsun,…a.Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.b.Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomake

replacementheartsandboneparts.Q3.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofsentencesc.Iguesssomeonehasaskedyouaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.d.Peoplehaveusednewinventionslike3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.Group1passiveformwiththesubjectsGroup2activeformwiththesubjectsQ4.WhydoestheauthorchoosetousethepassiveforminsteadoftheactiveforminthereadingpassageTheauthorchoosestousethepassiveforminsteadoftheactiveformtoemphasisewhathasbeendone,ratherthanwhoorwhatdoestheaction.StepII:AnalysisandIdentification(1)WhatisrulesNo.1inthefollowingphrases①“Chinaspeed”hasbeengivennewmeaningsinthepastdecade.在過去的十年間，“中國速度”已經(jīng)被賦予了新的含義。②Thenewhospitalhasbeencompletednow.新醫(yī)院現(xiàn)已建成。RulesNo.1:表示一個被動動作發(fā)生在說話之前，強調對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，常與already,yet,just,ever,never,recently,inthepast/lastfewdays等連用。StepII:AnalysisandIdentification(2)WhatisrulesNo.2inthefollowingsentences①Theroadhasbeenrepairedformorethanamonth.這條路修了一個多月了。②Ourclassroomhasbeencleaned,youneedn’tcleanitnow.我們的教室已經(jīng)打掃過了，你現(xiàn)在不必打掃了。RulesNo.2:表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去。常連用的時間狀語有：for+段時間，since+時間狀語(從句)，thesedays（現(xiàn)今，目前）,sofar,uptonow,inthelast/pastfewyears等。StepIII:PracticemakesperfectFillintheblankswith

thecorrectformsofthegivenwords.1.SinceAprildrinkscompanies

(force)topaybetweenl8pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthebsugarcontent(2022年全國乙卷)2.Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharity

(give)financialsupporttorollitcharityoutcountrywide.(2022年新高考全國1卷)3.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgram

(call)oneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.(2021年新高考全國1卷)havebeenforcedhasbeengivenhasbeencalledStepIV:MakeacomparisonActivity1:Whatarethedifferencebetweenpastsimplepassivevoiceandpastsimplepassivevoice語法形式意義關系一般過去時被動語態(tài)bedone表示_____意義現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)have/hasbeendone表示_____意義表示一個被動的動作發(fā)生在過去，其結果對現(xiàn)在沒有影響。被動動作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去，強調說明該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。被動①Thebridge________________(build)

lastyear．這座橋是去年建成的。②Thebridge_______________________(build)．這座橋已經(jīng)建好了。(動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在有影響，建好了。)wasbuilthasbeenbuilt(只說明動作發(fā)生在去年。)StepIV:MakeacomparisonActivity2:Fillinthefollowingblanksandthinkaboutthedifference.以下情況一般使用被動語態(tài)Presentperfectpassive1.不知道或者沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。

Suchbookshavebeenwrittenforchildren.

已經(jīng)為兒童編寫這類圖書了。2.強調動作的承受者，而不強調動作的執(zhí)行者。

Alltheseproductshavebeentested.這些產品都經(jīng)過測試了。3.動作的執(zhí)行者很模糊。Theletterhasbeenopened.

這封信被人拆開了。4.有時為了禮貌的需要，避免說出動作的執(zhí)行者。Theyhavebeentoldmanytimesnottomakenoises.已經(jīng)有人多次跟他們說別那么大聲了。PresentperfectpassiveActivity2:ReadandRewriteRewritetheunderlinedpartsusingthepresentperfectpassive.(P38-A2)Manythingsinourliveshavealreadybeenaffected,3D-printedhamburgershavebeenservedtocustomersinsomerestaurantsinLondon.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthathasbeenachieved

todateisinmedicine.Humanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,

havebeenmadewith3Dprintingtechnology.Anew3D-printedshellhasbeengiventoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!Activity3:ImagineyouareDrMoore.Lookatthepicturesandtellthepoliceaboutthedamageandlosstoyourlab.Usethepresentperfectpassive

whereappropriate.(P39-A3)

1.Thelockonthedoor______________________.

2.Thewindow_____________________.

3.Mytwolaptops_________________.

4.Beakersandtesttubes______________________.

5.Thebookcase__________________,andsome

files___________________________.

whileothers___________________________everywhere.6.Therobot______________________.

havebeenstolen

havebeendestroyed

hasbeenopenedhasbeendamaged

havebeentakenawayhavebeenthrownhasbeenbroken

hasbeenbroken

Activity4.careersinscience(P39-A4)

Lookatthepicturesandanswerthequestions.1.Whatdoyouknowaboutthesecareers2.WhatfamousscientistscanyounameinthesefieldsActivity5.careersinscience(P40-A4)

CompletetheintroductionsaboutdifferentscientistswiththewordsinActivity4.Payattentiontothelanguagethatdescribestheircareers.1.Thesamemistake_______________(make)manytimes.2.Themachinehasalready_________________(repair).3.Hiscup_____________(break)lastnight.4.Newinventionslike3D_______________(use)tomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.

5.Ourclassroom__________________(clean),youneedn’tcleanitnow.hasbeenmade

beenrepairedhasbeenusedhasbeencleanedwasbrokenActivity6.用括號內動詞的正確形式填空。HaveyoueverheardofUluruActually,it1.(call)AyersRockbysomepeople,too.LocatedinAustralia,Uluruisalargesandstonerockformation,Uluruusedtobeopentothepublic.However，it2.(close)since26October2019.In1994，Uluru3.(list)UNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Besides,Uluru4.(consider)amajorattractionfordecadesandtouristsfromallovertheworld5.(attrac