（中考英語語法）語法專題十二 簡單句【考點(diǎn)精講精練】-2023年中考語法一點(diǎn)通（學(xué)生版）

（中考英語語法）語法專題十二簡單句【考點(diǎn)精講精練】-2023年中考語法一點(diǎn)通（學(xué)生版）（中考英語語法）語法專題十二簡單句【考點(diǎn)精講精練】-2023年中考語法一點(diǎn)通（學(xué)生版）/（中考英語語法）語法專題十二簡單句【考點(diǎn)精講精練】-2023年中考語法一點(diǎn)通（學(xué)生版）語法專題十二、簡單句考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)精講英語句子以謂語動(dòng)詞為中心,前面是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者主語(被動(dòng)語態(tài)除外)后面是動(dòng)作的承受者.簡單句指的是只含有一個(gè)謂語的句子;含有兩個(gè)及以上謂語的就是復(fù)合句(后面專題待續(xù)).英語的句子成分組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫句子成分.英語的基本成分包括主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語等.主語(Subject)是句子的主題,是說明的對(duì)象.一般為名詞(短語)、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)名詞(短語)、不定式(短語)或從句;置于句首.謂語(Verb動(dòng)詞),用于說明或描述主語的行為動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語充當(dāng);在句子中位于主語之后.賓語(Object)表示動(dòng)作支配的對(duì)象,有單賓語、雙賓語之分;雙賓語又分為直接賓語和間接賓語.賓語可以由名詞(短語)、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式(短語)、動(dòng)名詞(短語)、從句等充當(dāng);一般位于及物動(dòng)詞(短語)和介詞后面.表語(Predicative)說明主語的身份、特征或狀態(tài).可以由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式(短語)、動(dòng)名詞(短語)等充當(dāng);在句中位于系動(dòng)詞之后.定語(attribute)是用于修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句,可分為前置定語和后置定語.一般由形容詞、名詞、形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞、分詞、介詞短語、不定式(短語)、從句等充當(dāng).狀語(adverbial)用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征.可以表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、伴隨、條件、讓步等;其位置非常靈活.補(bǔ)語(Complement)用于補(bǔ)充說明主語或賓語的,最常用的是賓語補(bǔ)足語.賓語補(bǔ)足語可由名詞(短語)、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)、介詞(短語)等充當(dāng).2．英語簡單句的六種基本句型=1\*GB3①主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)Englishisveryeasy.

英語很容易.(be動(dòng)詞)Itsmellsdelicious.

它聞起來好香.(感官動(dòng)詞,smell,taste,look,sound,feel)Thefoodhasgonebad.食物已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了.(表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞,becomegetgrowturngocomeprove等等.)=2\*GB3②主語+謂語(不及物動(dòng)詞)S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)Therainhasstopped.雨已經(jīng)停了.Everybodylaughed.大家都笑了.=3\*GB3③主語+謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)Shelikestheflowers.

她喜歡這些花.Dadboughtacar.

父親買了輛汽車.=4\*GB3④主語+謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)+間接賓語+直接賓語S十V十O1十O2主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)Hegavemeanapple.他給了我一只蘋果.注意：這種句型中作間接賓語的常常指"人”直接賓語常常指"物”.=5\*GB3⑤主語+謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)語S十V十O十C主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)Hetoldmetostayhome.他叫我呆在家里.說明：1.S主語V謂語P表語O賓語O1間接賓語O2直接賓語C賓語補(bǔ)足語2.上述各例都簡化到了最低限度,在此基礎(chǔ)上,我們可以加上一些修飾成分(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等狀語)使句子變得更復(fù)雜,表達(dá)更豐富的內(nèi)容,.如：Everybodylaughedhappily.每個(gè)人都開心地笑了.Imetheronmywaytoschool.在我上學(xué)的路上我遇見了她.Thefirstbookcameoutin2012.第一本書出版于2012年.=6\*GB3⑥therebe句型"Therebe＋主語＋地點(diǎn)／時(shí)間狀語”表示"某地(或某時(shí))有某人(或某物)”.這里there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒有詞義,be是謂語動(dòng)詞,代詞或名詞(短語)是主語.謂語動(dòng)詞的形式取決于離它最近的主語,就近原則.Thereisanappleandtwobananasonthetable.Therearetwobananasandoneappleonthetable.根據(jù)以上論述,分析下列句子結(jié)構(gòu).如：Doingmorningexercisesbenefitsourhealth.S十V十O主語謂語賓語(1)Iwroteapassagelastnight.(2)Someoneinyourclassphonedyouthismorning.(3)MyparentsandIhavecleanedthehousejustnow.(4)Weoftenfeelcomfortableinthemoonlight.【答案】I(主語)wrote(謂語)apassage(賓語)lastnight(狀語).S十V十OSomeoneinyourclass(主語)phoned(謂語)you(賓語)thismorning(狀語).S十V十OMyparentsandI(主語)havecleaned(謂語)thehouse(賓語)justnow(狀語).S十V十O(4)We(主語)oftenfeel(系動(dòng)詞)comfortable(表語)inthemoonlight(狀).S十V十P3.常見的簡單句特殊句型(1)選擇疑問句=1\*GB3①"一般疑問句+選項(xiàng)1+or+選項(xiàng)2?IsthisbyStraussorMozart?這曲子是由施特勞斯還是莫扎特創(chuàng)作的?②特殊疑問句+選項(xiàng)1+or+選項(xiàng)2?WhowroteTheBlueDanube,MozartorStrauss?誰創(chuàng)作的《藍(lán)色多瑙河》,莫扎特還是施特勞斯?(如果是三種選項(xiàng)或更多,則在最后兩項(xiàng)間加or)Wouldyoulikecoffee,teaorsoda?(前后均為名詞)你想喝咖啡、茶還是蘇打水?【注意1】選擇疑問句中的or可以連接不同的內(nèi)容：兩個(gè)名詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞短語等等,但通常是并列結(jié)構(gòu),即前后一致的結(jié)構(gòu).ShouldIcalloremailyou?(連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞)我應(yīng)該給你打電話還是發(fā)電子郵件?Didyoucomeherebybusorbycar?(連接兩個(gè)介詞短語)你是坐公交車還是開車過來的?小貼士：讀這類句子時(shí),語調(diào)是前升后降.、【注意2】不能用yes或no回答.如：—DoyoulikeEnglishorChinese?—IlikeEnglish.(2)反意疑問句反意疑問句是一種先提出情況或看法,然后要求對(duì)方表示贊成或不贊成的問句.它一般有兩種形式結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定陳述句＋否定的簡短問句(前肯后否);否定陳述句＋肯定的簡短問句(前否后肯).ThisisWesternmusic,isn’tit?這是西方音樂,不是嗎?Youlistentopopmusic,Lingling,don’tyou?你聽流行樂,不是嗎?注意1：簡短問句的結(jié)構(gòu)為"助動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞／連系動(dòng)詞be(或它們的否定形式)＋與主語相對(duì)應(yīng)的代詞”,助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞be在時(shí)態(tài)上要與前面的陳述句保持一致,在數(shù)上要與后面的代詞保持一致.－YouarefromRussia,aren'tyou?你來自俄羅斯,是不是?－Yes,Iam./No,I'mnot.是的,我是.／不,我不是－Thegirlwon'tgototheforest,willshe?那個(gè)女孩不會(huì)去森林了,對(duì)吧?－Yes,shewill./No,shewon't.不,她會(huì)去.／是的,她不會(huì)去.注意2：回答反意疑問句時(shí),要根據(jù)事實(shí)回答,事實(shí)是肯定的用"Yes+肯定的簡短答話.”,事實(shí)是否定的用"No+否定的簡短答語,”在回答"前否后肯”型反意疑問句時(shí),yes譯為"不”,no譯為"是的”.—YouarenotfromRussia,areyou?你不是來自俄羅斯,是嗎?—Yes,Iam.不,我來自俄羅斯.—No,I’mnot.是的,我不是來自俄羅斯.［拓展］當(dāng)陳述句中含有l(wèi)ittlehardlyneverfewnothingnobody等否定詞時(shí),句子表達(dá)否定意義,后面的簡短問句要用肯定形式.Thereisnothinginthebottle,isthere?瓶子里什么都沒有,是嗎?助記：反意疑問句前肯后否,前否后肯;有情用情,有系用系;無情無系,借用助動(dòng).(3)祈使句祈使句是表示請(qǐng)求或命令的句子.最常考的是動(dòng)詞原形開頭的祈使句.肯定式：以"動(dòng)詞原形”開頭.PleasespeakEnglishloudly.否定式："Don't＋動(dòng)詞原形”開頭.Pleasedon'ttalkinclass.(4)感嘆句感嘆句是用來表示強(qiáng)烈的感情,句末用感嘆號(hào)(!),通常由how或what引導(dǎo).結(jié)構(gòu)：How＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語+其他!What＋形容詞＋不可數(shù)名詞/名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋主語＋謂語+其他!What＋a/an＋形容詞＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語+其他!如：Howbeautifullyhesings!他唱歌多美妙啊!Whatbadweatheritis!天氣真糟糕!(5)倒裝句倒裝句,也叫謂語前置,是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)、突出某一句子成分而顛倒原來的語序.初中階段主要考查的是so/neither開頭的倒裝句.=1\*GB3①So＋連系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞＋另一主語.表示”…也一樣”(兩個(gè)不同主語);Neither/Nor＋連/情/助＋另一主語.表示也不(兩個(gè)不同主語);如：—Tomdrewverywell.—SodidI.(Tom畫畫好,我也一樣)—Tomdidn’tverywell.—Neither/NordidI.(Tom畫畫不好,我也不好)=2\*GB3②so＋前面的同一主語＋連系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞.表示確實(shí)如此(同一主語).如：—JimdidverywellinthisEnglishtest.—Sohedid.(Jim英語考試成績好.他確實(shí)如此)考點(diǎn)精練考點(diǎn)精練中考語法—簡單句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)(共計(jì)50小題,每小題2分,總分100分.)1.Whatisthesentencepatternof"IloveEnglish．"?A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC2.Whatisthesentencepattern(句型)ofthesentence"Lindaboughta

bookyesterday."?A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+OC3.The

structure

of

the

sentence"The

students

visited

the

museum"is

???????.A.S+V B.S+V+DO C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC4.You

should

take

an

umbrella

with

you

when

you

go

out．A.謂語 B.表語 C.賓語 D.定語5.It

was

raining

hard

when

we

arrived．A.謂語 B.表語 C.主語 D.賓語6.Myfathergaveme

fifteenyuan

tobuyanEnglishdictionary.A.賓補(bǔ) B.狀語 C.間賓 D.直賓7.I

don't

know

how

to

deal

with

the

problem．A.狀語 B.表語 C.賓語 D.賓補(bǔ)8.Did

she

ask

her

students

not

to

make

noise

in

the

hall?A.表語 B.定語 C.賓語 D.賓補(bǔ)9.Many

animals

are

in

danger．

We

must

protect

them．A.表語 B.謂語 C.狀語 D.主語10.I

lost

my

student

ID

card

yesterday．A.主語 B.表語 C.賓語 D.賓補(bǔ)11.______excitingboatraceitwas!Manypeoplewatchedit.A.Whata B.Whatan C.How D.Howa12.______throwingthosestones,please.A.Stop B.Stops C.Stopping D.Stopped13.______greatnewsitis!We'llhaveaschooltripnextweek.A.Whata B.What C.Howa D.How14.—Hehasmademanyfriendssincehecameherethreeweeksago.—______outgoingboyheis!A.How

a B.How C.What

a D.What

an15.—

is

it

from

your

school

to

the

bus

stop?—It's

about

5

minutes'

walk.A.How

often B.How

long C.How

soon D.How

far16.______wonderfulspeechEmmagaveattheUNconference!A.How B.What C.Whata D.Whatan17.﹣Wepickedapplesonthefarmandhadfunyesterday.﹣_____wonderfuldayitwas!

A.How B.Howa C.What D.Whata18.—There________atalkbyZhongNanshaninourschooltomorrowafternoon.—Great!Wecan’twait!A.is B.was C.willbe D.willhave19.—________wonderfultheopeningoftheBeijingWinterOlympicsis!—Soitis.A.Howa B.How C.Whata D.What20.—Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.MoreandmoreforeignpeoplearelearningChinese.—______proudweare!Wedon’tregretbeingChinese.A.Whata B.How C.What D.Howa21.Studyhard,_____youwillnothaveagoodresultintheexam.A.so B.or C.but D.and22._____fineweatheritis!Let'sgoonapicnic!A.What B.What

a C.How D.How

a23.Jeanknewnothingaboutthenewsuntilheraunttoldher,______?A.didn'tshe B.didshe C.didn'tJean D.don't

they24.Heisathome,______?A.ishe B.doeshe C.doesn’the D.isn’the25.Gotobuysomeicecream,______?A.willyou B.doyou C.shallwe D.arewe26.—Don’tstayuptoolate,______?—______.Iwillsleepbefore10：00.A.willyou;Yes,Iwill B.won’tyou;No,Iwon’tC.willyou;No,Iwon’t D.won’tyou;Yes,Iwill27.Tomalwayseatsjunkfood,______?A.isn’the B.ishe C.doesn’the D.doeshe28.—Hedoesn’tlikeSouthKoreaoperas,

______?—

_____.Hethinksitisawasteoftime.A.doesn't

he;Yes,he

does B.does

he;Yes,he

doesC.doesn't

he;No,he

doesn't D.doeshe;No,he

doesn't29.Let'sgoouttoplayfootball,______?A.willyou B.won’tyou C.shallwe D.arewe30.______clevergirlKittyis!Shecancomeupwithsomecreativewaystofinishtheproject.A.What B.How

a C.How D.What

a31.-LiPing,Ididn'tgosummercampinglastyear.-_____.A.So

did

I B.Neither

did

I C.Neither

I

did D.So

I

did32.

afreshspringmorningitis!A.Who B.Why C.What D.How33.—Tomdidn'tgoforapicnicyesterday.—____.A.SodidI B.SoIdid C.NeitherdidI D.NeitherIdid34.Tomnevertellsalietopeople.______honestboyheis!A.How B.How

a C.What

an D.What35.—Wow!

beautiful

the

musicis!—Yes．That's

myfavorite．A.What B.What

a C.What

an D.How36.________ajobyoulove,andyou'llneverworkadayinyourlife．A.Find B.Found C.Finds D.To

find37.________funnythe3Dmovieis!Ireallyenjoyit．A.How B.What C.How

a D.What

a38.There_______aconcerttobeshowninHongKongnextweek．A.will

have B.is C.will

be D.has39._______musicsheisplaying!A.Whatnice B.Hownice C.Whatanice D.Hownicea40.He

can

hardly

stay

awake

because

he

is

so

tired．______?A.does

he B.isn't

he C.can't

he D.can

he41.