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第23講導(dǎo)數(shù)中的構(gòu)造問題(微專題)題型一構(gòu)造函數(shù)的比較大小例1、(2023·廣東·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則下列結(jié)論中,正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】比較b、c只需比較SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.比較a、b只需比較SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,且SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減.即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.綜上,SKIPIF1<0.故選:A變式1、(東莞市高三期末試題)已知實(shí)數(shù)a,b滿足SKIPIF1<0,則下列選項(xiàng)中一定正確的是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】【詳解】令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0在定義域SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)單調(diào)遞增,∵SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,A錯(cuò)誤,B正確;令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,C錯(cuò)誤;令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,D錯(cuò)誤;故選:B.變式2、(2023·江蘇南京·校考一模)已知SKIPIF1<0是自然對(duì)數(shù)的底數(shù),設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【分析】首先設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,利用導(dǎo)數(shù)判斷函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,比較SKIPIF1<0的大小,設(shè)利用導(dǎo)數(shù)判斷SKIPIF1<0,放縮SKIPIF1<0,再設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,利用導(dǎo)數(shù)判斷單調(diào)性,得SKIPIF1<0,再比較SKIPIF1<0的大小,即可得到結(jié)果.【詳解】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)單調(diào)遞增,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)單調(diào)遞減,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)單調(diào)遞減,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)單調(diào)遞增,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)取得最小值,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0恒成立,即SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)取得最小值SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,得:SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,綜上可知SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.變式3、(清遠(yuǎn)市高三期末試題)(多選題)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】ACD【解析】【詳解】解:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)于A,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0恒成立,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,則SKIPIF1<0恒成立,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故A正確;對(duì)于B,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,則SKIPIF1<0,整理得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故B不正確;對(duì)于D,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以有SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故D正確;由前面可知SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故C正確.故選:ACD.變式4、(2022·福建省漳州第一中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè))設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.設(shè)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,綜上:SKIPIF1<0,故選:D題型二構(gòu)造函數(shù)的研究不等式問題例2、(2023·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))(多選題)利用“SKIPIF1<0”可得到許多與n(SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0)有關(guān)的結(jié)論,則正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】ABD【分析】先證明出SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,A選項(xiàng),令SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,累加后得到A正確;B選項(xiàng),推導(dǎo)出SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號(hào)成立,令SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,累加后得到B正確;C選項(xiàng),推導(dǎo)出SKIPIF1<0,累加后得到C錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng),將SKIPIF1<0中的SKIPIF1<0替換為SKIPIF1<0,推導(dǎo)出SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,累加后得到D正確.【詳解】令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0處取得極小值,也時(shí)最小值,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,A選項(xiàng),令SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,A正確;B選項(xiàng),將SKIPIF1<0中的SKIPIF1<0替換為SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號(hào)成立,令SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0,B正確;C選項(xiàng),將SKIPIF1<0中的SKIPIF1<0替換為SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,C錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng),將SKIPIF1<0中的SKIPIF1<0替換為SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號(hào)成立,則SKIPIF1<0,D正確.故選:ABD.變式1、(2022·湖北·襄陽五中高三開學(xué)考試)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0是定義在R上的連續(xù)的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的導(dǎo)函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0(e為自然對(duì)數(shù)的底數(shù)),且SKIPIF1<0,則不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在R上單調(diào)遞增,又SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,又函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在R上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,即不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.變式2、(2022·山東德州·高三期末)設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的導(dǎo)函數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】【分析】由SKIPIF1<0找到原函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,再由SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而得到SKIPIF1<0,在對(duì)不等式SKIPIF1<0進(jìn)行化簡(jiǎn)得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)性即可得到答案.【詳解】令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,不等式SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,由函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增得SKIPIF1<0,故不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.變式3、(2022·湖南·麻陽苗族自治縣第一中學(xué)高三開學(xué)考試)若SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,易知SKIPIF1<0是增函數(shù),所以由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),C不存在,錯(cuò)誤,A錯(cuò)誤,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,從而SKIPIF1<0,D錯(cuò)誤.由不等式性質(zhì),B正確.故選:B.變式4、(2022·湖北武昌·高三期末)已知實(shí)數(shù)a,b滿足SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則下列判斷正確的是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;由SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0等價(jià)于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;又SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.題型三構(gòu)造函數(shù)的研究含參的范圍例3、(2022·湖北江岸·高三期末)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍為()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】【分析】SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0等價(jià)于SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0恒成立,構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,利用導(dǎo)數(shù)判斷其單調(diào)性,進(jìn)而即可判斷結(jié)果.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0恒成立,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0為增函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,符合題意,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0為增函數(shù),在SKIPIF1<0為減函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0,命題成立只需SKIPIF1<0即可.令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,命題不成立.綜上SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.變式1、(2022·江蘇海門·高三期末)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)零點(diǎn),則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是()A.(0,SKIPIF1<0) B.[0,SKIPIF1<0) C.[0,SKIPIF1<0] D.(0,SKIPIF1<0)【答案】A【解析】【分析】對(duì)SKIPIF1<0分離參數(shù),構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,利用導(dǎo)數(shù)研究其單調(diào)性和最值,即可求得參數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)零點(diǎn),即方程SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)根,不妨令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,SKIPIF1<0,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0恒成立.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0趨近于負(fù)無窮時(shí),SKIPIF1<0趨近于正無窮;SKIPIF1<0趨近于正無窮時(shí),SKIPIF1<0趨近于SKIPIF1<0,故當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),滿足題意.故選:A.變式2、(2023·廣東揭陽·??寄M預(yù)測(cè))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若存在SKIPIF1<0,(SKIPIF1<0),使得SKIPIF1<0,(SKIPIF1<0),則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,由題意得該方程在SKIPIF1<0上有兩解,令SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,而SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0故選:D.變式3、(2022·湖南·長(zhǎng)沙市明德中學(xué)高三開學(xué)考試)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0恒成立,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,兩式相減,得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF

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