安徽馬鞍山2024屆高三下學期二模英語英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1安徽馬鞍山2024屆高三下學期二模英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題，每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhereisBobprobablynow?A.Atthestudy.B.Inthefactory.C.Inthebedroom.2.WhatdoweknowaboutJack?A.Hedidn’tpasstheinterview.B.Heiswaitingfortheresponse.C.Hehasreceivedthejoboffer.3.Whatwillthemandoafterschool?A.Seeadoctor.B.Attendaclass.C.Gotothesupermarket.4.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’sroom?A.Big.B.Clean.C.Untidy.5.Whydoesthemanavoideatingicecream?A.Hefollowshisdoctor’sadvice.B.Hedoesn’tlikeit.C.Hehaslittlemoney.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhenwillPetergetmarried?A.OnSunday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnFriday.7.HowarethespeakersgoingtoNewYork?A.Byair.B.Bytrain.C.Bycar.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whathasthemanbeendoingsofar?A.LearningaboutVRtechnology.B.Collectinginformation.C.Writinghisreport.9.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Managerandworker.C.Classmates.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.WhatisthechallengeforTina?A.Taskdesign.B.Classmanagement.C.Teachingfocus.11.WhohasinfluencedTina’scareerchoice?A.HerChineseteacher.B.Herparents.C.Herco-worker.12.WhatdoesKevinaskaboutatlast?A.Tina’splans.B.Teachers’honor.C.Publicopinions.13.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Career.B.Major.C.Literature.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhatdoesthewomanparticularlywantAmytodo?A.Havesomefun.B.Learnanewskill.C.Makenewfriends.15.WhatdoweknowaboutCampApplause?A.Childrenovertencanjoinit.B.ItisalittlefarfromAmy’shouse.C.Therearenoswimminglessons.16.Whatwillthecouplepayextrafeefor?A.Clothing.B.Accommodation.C.Meals.17.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Preparedinner.B.Buyvegetables.C.PickupAmy.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhatmadeJohnnervousonthedayoftherace?A.Thelongdistance.B.Thestrongcompetitors.C.Lackofconfidence.19.WhatencouragedJohntocontinuerunning?A.Acompetitor’ssuggestion.B.Aplayer’sspirit.C.Afriend’ssupport.20.Howdidthedeliverymanfeelaboutrunningtherace?A.Easy.B.Challenging.C.Astonishing.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AThisyear’shikingeventshavekickedoffandweareintroducingsomewalkingfestivalsinthefollowing.CrickhowellWalkingFestival(9-17March)Oneoftheearliestoftheyear’sfestivals,thewalkingfestivaloffers81differentwalksthisyear,rangingfrom2to17miles.Allaregradedintermsofeffortanddifficulty,fromaneasywalkalongtheMonmouthshire&BreconCanal,toa—newfor2024—hikethroughthewesternFans.IsleofWightWalkingFestival(11-19Mayand5-13October)TheIsleofWightWalkingFestivallaces(系)upitsbootsinspringandautumn,onthe500milesoffootpathsontheisland.Therearewalksfocusingoneveryaspectoftheisland’shistory.Walksaregradedaccordingtopaceanddifficulty.MorayWalkingandOutdoorFestival(14-24June)Agreatchoiceforthoselookingforotheractivitiestoenjoybesideswalking,this10-daycelebrationincludeseverythingfromboatingtobird-watching.Thewalksrangefromgentleseasidewanderstoendurance(耐力)hikesthroughtheCairngorms,withfivedifferentgradesofdifficulty.SaltmarshCoastWalkingFestival(27September-6October)Choosefromself-guidedorexpert-ledwalksalonga75-milestretchoftheSaltmarshcoast,pickinguptheregion’smaritime(海洋的)history,orlearningabouttherichvarietyofbirdspecies.Thefestivalfeaturesguidedwalkstakinginvineyards(葡萄園),naturereservesandvastskiesalongtheshoreline.1.Whichwalkingfestivalisheldintwoseasonsthisyear?A.CrickhowellWalkingFestival. B.IsleofWightWalkingFestival.C.MorayWalkingandOutdoorFestival. D.SaltmarshCoastWalkingFestival.2.WhatcanfestivalgoersdoduringMorayWalkingandOutdoorFestival?A.Makesamplesofrarespecies. B.Volunteerinnaturereserves.C.Observebirdsandgoboating. D.Attendaclassonmarinescience.3.WhatisspecialaboutSaltmarshCoastWalkingFestival?A.Ithasthelongestpath. B.Itprovidesgradedwalks.C.Itoffersguidechoices. D.Itservesashistorytour.〖答案〗1.B2.C3.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四個徒步活動的情況?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“TheIsleofWightWalkingFestivallaces(系)upitsbootsinspringandautumn,onthe500milesoffootpathsontheisland.(每年春季和秋季，懷特島徒步節(jié)都會在島上500英里長的人行道上舉行)”可知，今年懷特島徒步節(jié)分兩個季節(jié)舉行。故選B?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Agreatchoiceforthoselookingforotheractivitiestoenjoybesideswalking,this10-daycelebrationincludeseverythingfromboatingtobird-watching.(對于那些想要在散步之外享受其他活動的人來說，這是一個很好的選擇，這個為期10天的慶?；顒影◤膭澊接^鳥的所有活動)”可知，在馬里徒步和戶外節(jié)期間，參加節(jié)日的人可以觀察鳥類和劃船。故選C?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Choosefromself-guidedorexpert-ledwalksalonga75-milestretchoftheSaltmarshcoast,pickinguptheregion’smaritime(海洋的)history,orlearningabouttherichvarietyofbirdspecies.(沿著75英里長的鹽沼海岸，您可以選擇自助或專家?guī)ьI的徒步旅行，了解該地區(qū)的海洋歷史，或了解豐富多樣的鳥類物種)”可知，鹽沼海岸徒步節(jié)的特別之處在于提供向導選擇。故選C。BAboutoneinfourAmericansarephysicallyinactive,accordingtodatafromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Butformanyofus,physicalinactivityisnotanintentionalchoice.Itstemsfromsittingalldayatadeskjob,drivingtoworkbecausetherearenosuitablewalkingorcyclingroutes.Butwhatiftheinfrastructure(基礎設施)aroundyougaveyoutheopportunitytomoveyourbodywithouttakingextratimeoutofyourday?“AnactivecitywouldofferyouloadsofwaystogetfromAtoB,”saidAnnaBoldina,anarchitecturalresearcheranddesignerwhostudiesactivecitiesattheUniversityofCambridgeintheU.K.“Notonlywouldtheseactivecitiesbefullofvariety,butthevariouselementsofanactivecityalsohavetheirownspecificbenefits:forexample,steppingstonesimprovebalancedco-activationofavarietyofupperandlowerbodymusclesaswellasmindfulnessandconcentrationon’hereandnow,’knownasastressrelief.”Thisallsoundsgreatforfuturecitydesignandplanning,buthowcanweintegratethesefeaturesintoexistingcityinfrastructure?“Thebestwaytotransformaplaceintoanactivecityisthroughsmallinterventionshereandthere:anextrasteppingstoneshortcutacrossthegrassorextralogacrosstheraingarden,”Boldinasaid.“Sometimesitisnotaboutadding;itisaboutremoving.Itisalsoimportantthattheseroutesareaccessibletopeopleofallagesandabilities.”O(jiān)fcourse,iftherearealwayslesschallengingalternativesavailable,howcanweencouragethosewhoareabletotakethemorephysicallyactiveroutes?“Oneofourstudieswasaimedspecificallyatencouragement,”Boldinasaid.Thestudyfoundthatthemosteffectivemeansofencouragementwasprovidingashortcut.“Otherfactorsincludedplayfulness,crossingwater,usingnaturalmaterialsandaddinghandrailsforconfidence,”addedBoldina,whosegroupiscurrentlyworkingwitharchitectsinCambridgetocreatesuchactivelandscapes.4.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“stemsfrom”underlinedinparagraph1?A.Relieson. B.Iscausedby. C.Mixeswith. D.Ischangedinto.5.Whatcanwelearnaboutactivecities?A.Theycontributetobetterhealth. B.Theyofferpersonalizedactivities.C.Theyrelyongovernmentalsupport. D.Theygenerallylooklikeeachother.6.WhatdoesBoldinathinkmatterswhenwetransformaplaceintoanactivecity?A.Protectingthelocalenvironment. B.Addingavarietyofsafetyequipment.C.Makingiteasyforpeopletouse. D.Designingasmanyroutesaspossible.7.WhatdoesBoldina’sstudytrytofind?A.Howtomotivatecitizenstouseactiveroutes.B.Howtomakeactiveroutesfunctionalandfun.C.Whycitizenshavelittleinterestinactiveroutes.D.WhyCambridgecansucceed,inadoptingactiveroutcs.〖答案〗4.B5.A6.C7.A【語篇解讀】本文是新聞報道。文章報道了關于如何在城市中通過設計基礎設施來促進人們的身體活動的研究和建議，介紹了劍橋大學研究人員對于“活力城市”的概念和實踐?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“Butformanyofus,physicalinactivityisnotanintentionalchoice.(但對于我們中的許多人來說，缺乏運動并不是一個有意的選擇)”可知，此處講述許多人缺乏運動并不是一個有意的選擇，所以接下來應是講述為什么，根據(jù)劃線部分后文“sittingalldayatadeskjob,drivingtoworkbecausetherearenosuitablewalkingorcyclingroutes.”可推知，應是表達“它源于整天坐在辦公室工作，開車上班，因為沒有合適的步行或騎自行車的路線”之意，所以stemsfrom應是“源于”之意，和B項意思相近。故選B項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段““AnactivecitywouldofferyouloadsofwaystogetfromAtoB,”saidAnnaBoldina,anarchitecturalresearcheranddesignerwhostudiesactivecitiesattheUniversityofCambridgeintheU.K.“Notonlywouldtheseactivecitiesbefullofvariety,butthevariouselementsofanactivecityalsohavetheirownspecificbenefits:forexample,steppingstonesimprovebalancedco-activationofavarietyofupperandlowerbodymusclesaswellasmindfulnessandconcentrationon’hereandnow,’knownasastressrelief.”(“一個充滿活力的城市會為你提供很多從A地到B地的方式，”在英國劍橋大學研究活力城市的建筑研究員兼設計師AnnaBoldina說道?！斑@些充滿活力的城市不僅豐富多彩，而且一個充滿活力的城市的各種元素也有其獨特的好處：例如，跳石可以提高各種上下肢肌肉的平衡共同激活，還可以提高‘此時此地’的專注度和注意力，這被稱為緩解壓力的方法?！?”可知，一個充滿活力的城市有助于增進健康。故選A項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段““Thebestwaytotransformaplaceintoanactivecityisthroughsmallinterventionshereandthere:anextrasteppingstoneshortcutacrossthegrassorextralogacrosstheraingarden,”Boldinasaid.“Sometimesitisnotaboutadding;itisaboutremoving.Itisalsoimportantthattheseroutesareaccessibletopeopleofallagesandabilities.”(“把一個地方變成充滿活力的城市的最好方法就是通過在這里和那里進行小小的干預：在草地上增加一個跳石的捷徑，或者在雨水花園中增加一根額外的木頭，”Boldina說?！坝袝r候，這并不是要增加什么，而是要移除一些東西。同樣重要的是，這些路線應該對所有年齡段和能力的人開放?！?”可知，Boldina重要的是，這些路線應該對所有年齡段和能力的人開放，也就是讓人們更容易使用。故選C項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段““Oneofourstudieswasaimedspecificallyatencouragement,”Boldinasaid.Thestudyfoundthatthemosteffectivemeansofencouragementwasprovidingashortcut.“Otherfactorsincludedplayfulness,crossingwater,usingnaturalmaterialsandaddinghandrailsforconfidence,”addedBoldina,whosegroupiscurrentlyworkingwitharchitectsinCambridgetocreatesuchactivelandscapes.(“我們的一項研究專門針對鼓勵，”博爾迪納說。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，最有效的鼓勵方式是提供一條捷徑?！捌渌蛩匕ㄍ嫠?、穿越水面、使用天然材料和增加扶手以增強信心，”Boldina補充說，他的團隊目前正在與劍橋的建筑師合作創(chuàng)造這種活躍的景觀)”可知，Boldina的研究試圖找到如何激勵市民使用活躍的路線。故選A項。CIstartedtoimaginehowI’dleadmyowntour.WorkingasaguardattheGuggenheim,Ifirstlikedreadingthewalltext—theparagraph-longexplanationonthewallbesidemanyoftheartworks.Occasionallyit’shelpful,andforyearsIthoughtitwasdownrightrudewhenmuseumsandgalleriesdidn’tlabeleachwork.Butnow,moreoftenthannot,Iwantedtotearallthelabelsdown.Thewalltextstaysjusttothesideofart,liketheanswerkeyatthebottomofawordsearch,itsdefinitivetonesendingthemessagethatthere’sonlyonerightanswertotheart.Irealizedthatarthistorianscouldbeunreliablenarrators(敘述者).TheRichardSerrasculpture“TearingLead,”consistingofwrinkledlead(鉛),tookonadifferentlookeverytimeitwasexhibited.Guardsweregivenaboardwiththeoriginalphotoofthesculptureandinstructions“Pleaseindicatewherethepiecewastouched,”soanassistantcouldrepositionthesculpturetomatchthepicture.ButanassistantItalkedwithtoldmethatthesculpturewasmeanttohavethemetalpiecesarrangedhaphazardly(雜亂地).Theworklooksdifferenteverytimeit’sshown—notthatyou’dknowitfromthewalltext.Therefore,Iinsistthatyoudon’tlookatthelittlelabelbesideeachartwork.WhenIguardedaBrancusisculpture,Itriedtostandinfrontofthewalllabelsopeoplecouldn’tseeit,andIheardtheirinterpretationsgowild.Theysawafinger,awomangivingbirth,agraph,aKurosawacharacter,adolphin,anose,afish.IfIlearnedonethingasaguard,it’sthatsometimesbeingforcedtolookatanartwork,evenwhenyoudon’twantto,islife-changing.Fighttheurgetoseewhatyouexpecttobethere;focusinsteadonwhatisthere.I’mnotconcernedwithwhetheryouthinkit’sgood.Justwatchthethinginfrontofyou.8.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromparagraphl?A.Heisforminghisownjudgement. B.Helikestravelingwithhisfriends.C.Hewantstomakehisvoiceheard. D.Hewritesexplanationsforartworks.9.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioning“TearingLead”?A.Tointroduceaspecialassistant. B.Toprovethatwalltextscanbewrong.C.Tocallforprotectionofartworksonshow. D.Toshowhowarthistoriansdescribeworks.10.Whydidtheauthorstandinfrontofthelabelonthewall?A.Topreventthevisitorsgettingclosertothesculpture.B.Tomakevisitorshaveabetterviewofthesculpture.C.Topushthevisitorstoappreciateontheirown.D.Tointeractwiththevisitorsinafunway.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowIRosefromaMuseumGuardtoanArtExpertB.WhatCategoriesofArtworksMuseumsLikeShowingC.HowWorkinginaMuseumMakesMeHaveaLifePurposeD.WhatBeingaMuseumGuardTaughtMeaboutLookingatArt〖答案〗8.A9.B10.C11.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位在古根海姆博物館工作的保安對藝術品標簽的反思，以及鼓勵觀眾擺脫預設觀念，直接感受藝術品本身?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butnow,moreoftenthannot,Iwantedtotearallthelabelsdown.Thewalltextstaysjusttothesideofart,liketheanswerkeyatthebottomofawordsearch,itsdefinitivetonesendingthemessagethatthere’sonlyonerightanswertotheart.(但現(xiàn)在，我常常想撕掉所有的標簽。墻上的文字只停留在藝術的一邊，就像單詞搜索底部的〖答案〗鍵一樣，它明確的語氣傳達了一個信息，即藝術只有一個正確的〖答案〗)”可知，作者開始質疑并希望去除藝術品旁的標簽說明，認為它們限制了人們對藝術的多角度理解，表明他在形成自己的判斷。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Irealizedthatarthistorianscouldbeunreliablenarrators.(我意識到藝術歷史學家可能是不可靠的敘述者)”及“Theworklooksdifferenteverytimeit’sshown—notthatyou’dknowitfromthewalltext.(作品每次展示時看起來都不一樣——并不是說你從墻上的文字中就能知道)”可知，通過介紹“TearingLead”雕塑的例子，指出助理告訴作者雕塑本應隨意排列金屬片，而墻上的文字說明并未反映這一信息，說明墻上的解說并不總是準確的，甚至可能是誤導的。故選B?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“WhenIguardedaBrancusisculpture,Itriedtostandinfrontofthewalllabelsopeoplecouldn’tseeit,andIheardtheirinterpretationsgowild.(當我守衛(wèi)一座布朗庫西雕塑時，我試圖站在墻上的標簽前，讓人們看不到它，我聽到他們的解釋變得瘋狂)”可知，作者站在墻上的標簽前，是為了讓訪客在沒有預設解釋的情況下自由地欣賞和解讀雕塑，促使他們自己進行欣賞。故選C。【11題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內容及最后一段“IfIlearnedonethingasaguard,it’sthatsometimesbeingforcedtolookatanartwork,evenwhenyoudon’twantto,islife-changing.Fighttheurgetoseewhatyouexpecttobethere;focusinsteadonwhatisthere.(如果說我作為一名警衛(wèi)學到了一件事，那就是有時被迫看藝術品，即使你不想看，也會改變生活。抵制住想要看到你預期內容的沖動；相反，要專注于眼前的事物)”可知，文章主要講述了作者作為博物館警衛(wèi)的體驗，如何從這個角色中學到了不依賴于墻上的解說，而是鼓勵人們自主觀察和理解藝術，因此D項“當博物館警衛(wèi)教會我的觀看藝術之道”最能概括全文主旨，適合作為文章標題。故選D。DWehaveallexperiencedthatfeelingofmentalexhaustion(疲憊)afterfocusingonatrickyproblem.Detailedthinkingcertainlyfeelslikehardwork,butisit?Theanswerisatouchlessobviousthanyoumightsuspect.Thebrainiscertainlyahungryorgan.“Itisthemostenergy-consumingpartofthebody,”saysNilliLavieatUniversityCollegeLondon.Althoughitaccountsforaround2percentofourbodyweight,itusessome20percentoftheenergyweburnatrest.Interestingly,whenitcomestoenergyuse,thebraindoesn’tdistinguishbetweentasksthatwetraditionallyregardas“hard”andthosethatcomemorenaturally.Thiswasfirstdemonstratedinthe1950sinastudyshowingthatthebrain’slevelofmetabolic(代謝的)activityisremarkablyconstant,regardlessofwhetherweareconcentratingorlettingourmindwander.Yourbraindistributesresourcestoitsdifferentpartsdependingonthementalactivitybeingcarriedout.Butthereisatrade-off.Forinstance,inastudypublishedinNovember,Lavieandherteammatesmeasuredenergyuseinthebrainregionresponsiblefordaydreamingandfoundthatitdecreasedwhenvolunteerscarriedoutaproblem-solvingtaskthatrequiredfocusedattention.Sothinkingharddoesburnmoreenergyinthebrainregioninvolved,butthisisoffsetbyenergysavingsinotherpartsofthebrain.Theamountsofenergyinvolvedareverysmall.Actually,aself-controltask,suchaskeepingyourhandinicywaterforaslongasyoucan,“burnsup1calorieofglucose”,saysEwanMcNay,attheUniversityatAlbanyinNewYork.However,althoughthisisatinyamountoffuel,yourbraindoesn’tseeitthatway.“Itworriesaboutanimbalanceofsupplyoverdemand,”hesays.Ifthebraindetectslocaldrainage(排泄)ofglucose—thesugarthatfuelsthebrain—itperceivesitassomethingbad,saysMcNay.Thisiswhatgivesrisetothefeelingofbeingexhaustedafterprolonged(長時間的)focus.12.Howdoestheauthorlookatdetailedthinking?A.Itcandeveloptheless-usedbrainareas. B.Itcanmakethebrainbecometiredquickly.C.Itisbeyondtheassumptionofmostpeople. D.Itisbothmentallyandphysicallydemanding.13.Whatdoesthestudyinthe1950stellusaboutourbrain?A.Itisalwaysinahungrystate. B.Ittreatsmentaltasksequally.C.Itburnslesscalorieswhenatrest. D.Ithasanaturaltendencytowander.14.Whenthebrainsettlesaproblem,thebrainregionfordaydreaming______.A.connectswithotherregions B.solvesadifficulttaskC.receivesmoreresources D.becomeslessactive15.Whydowefeeltiredafterprolongedfocus?A.Ourbrainhasanxietyovertheproperdistributionofenergy.B.Ourbrainburnsmuchmoreenergythanitissupplied.C.Ourbraindistributesenergytothewrongbrainareas.D.Ourbrainsometimesmiscalculatestheenergyused.〖答案〗12.C13.B14.D15.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項研究表明，無論我們是專注于心算還是走神，大腦的新陳代謝水平都是非常恒定的?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Detailedthinkingcertainlyfeelslikehardwork,butisit?Theanswerisatouchlessobviousthanyoumightsuspect.(詳細的思考當然像是一項艱苦的工作，但真的是這樣嗎？〖答案〗可能沒有你想象的那么明顯)”可知，作者認為詳細的思考超出了大多數(shù)人的假設。故選C?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Interestingly,whenitcomestoenergyuse,thebraindoesn’tdistinguishbetweentasksthatwetraditionallyregardas“hard”andthosethatcomemorenaturally.Thiswasfirstdemonstratedinthe1950sinastudyshowingthatthebrain’slevelofmetabolic(代謝的)activityisremarkablyconstant,regardlessofwhetherweareconcentratingorlettingourmindwander.(有趣的是，當涉及到能量使用時，大腦并不能區(qū)分我們傳統(tǒng)上認為“困難”的任務和那些更自然的任務。這在20世紀50年代的一項研究中首次得到證實，該研究表明，無論我們是集中注意力還是走神，大腦的代謝活動水平都是非常穩(wěn)定的)”可知，20世紀50年代的研究告訴我們，大腦它平等對待腦力勞動。故選B?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Forinstance,inastudypublishedinNovember,Lavieandherteammatesmeasuredenergyuseinthebrainregionresponsiblefordaydreamingandfoundthatitdecreasedwhenvolunteerscarriedoutaproblem-solvingtaskthatrequiredfocusedattention.(例如，在去年11月發(fā)表的一項研究中，拉維和她的隊友測量了大腦中負責白日夢的區(qū)域的能量消耗，發(fā)現(xiàn)當志愿者進行需要集中注意力的解決問題的任務時，能量消耗會減少)”可知，當大腦解決了一個問題，大腦中負責白日夢的區(qū)域就會變得不那么活躍。故選D?！?5題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ifthebraindetectslocaldrainage(排泄)ofglucose—thesugarthatfuelsthebrain—itperceivesitassomethingbad,saysMcNay.Thisiswhatgivesrisetothefeelingofbeingexhaustedafterprolonged(長時間的)focus.(麥克內說，如果大腦檢測到局部葡萄糖的流失，它就會認為這是不好的東西。這就是在長時間集中注意力后產生疲憊感的原因)”可知，我們在長時間集中注意力后會感到疲倦是因為我們的大腦對能量的合理分配感到焦慮。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Havemorefun.Learnnewthings.Thesearen’tbadNewYear’sresolutions.Butwheredoyoustart?____16____AskyourselfhowyouwanttofeelHobbiespresentanescape—theycanhelpyougetoutofyourheadandcalmdown,saysMatthewJ.Zawadzke,anassociateprofessorofhealthpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifornia.____17____Mentallyengaged?Distracted?Relaxed?Sociallyconnected?It’salsohelpfultoconsiderwhatyourlifeismissing,likecreativityorphysicalactivity.Startsmall____18____Easeintofigureoutifit’srightforyou,advisesRebeccaWeiler,amentalhealthadvisor.“Youcanalwaysdomorelater,”shesays.Ifyou’rewonderingifpaintballingmightbeagoodfit,joinanoutingortwowithalocalMeetupgroup.Orsignupforaone-timepotteryclassratherthanasetofeight.____19____Whenyouwereakid,whatdidyouwanttobewhenyougrewup?Theanswercouldpointyoutowardanappealinghobby,Weilersays.“Ifyouwantedtobeamajorleagueplayer,whatcanyoudonowthatfulfillsthaturgeforyou?”sheasks.Joiningasoftballteamorcoachingsomeneighborhoodkidscouldawakenapassion.GobacktoschoolConsidersigningupforalessontolearnmoreaboutapotentialhobby,Weileradvises.Alwaysdreamedofproducinganovel?____20____Interestedinfamilyhistory?Takeagenealogy(宗譜)class.Plentyofe-coursesareavailablefreeoratalowprice.A.Takeatripbackintime.B.Joinafictionwritersgroup.C.There’snosuchthingasoneperfectenthusiasm.D.Don’tinvestatonoftimeandmoneyinanewhobbyimmediately.E.Hesuggestsaskingyourselfhowyouwantanactivitytomakeyoufeel.F.Hisresearchindicatesthatpeoplefeelguiltyaboutspendingtimeonleisure.G.Expertscanhelpyoutodiscoverthehobbiesyoudon’tyetknowyou’lllove.〖答案〗16.G17.E18.D19.A20.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的愛好提出了一些建議?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Havemorefun.Learnnewthings.Thesearen’tbadNewYear’sresolutions.Butwheredoyoustart?(玩得開心點。學習新事物。這些都是不錯的新年決心。但是從哪里開始呢？)”可知，本句主要回答上文關于從哪里開始的問題。故G選項“專家可以幫助你發(fā)現(xiàn)你還不知道你會喜歡的愛好”符合語境，故選G?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Mentallyengaged?Distracted?Relaxed?Sociallyconnected?It’salsohelpfultoconsiderwhatyourlifeismissing,likecreativityorphysicalactivity.(用腦的時候嗎？注意力分散？放松嗎？被聯(lián)系著？考慮一下你的生活缺少什么也很有幫助，比如創(chuàng)造力或體育活動)”可知，本句主要說明反思活動帶來的感受。故E選項“他建議問問自己，你希望一項活動給你帶來怎樣的感覺”符合語境，故選E?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Easeintofigureoutifit’srightforyou,advisesRebeccaWeiler,amentalhealthadvisor.“Youcanalwaysdomorelater,”shesays.Ifyou’rewonderingifpaintballingmightbeagoodfit,joinanoutingortwowithalocalMeetupgroup.Orsignupforaone-timepotteryclassratherthanasetofeight.(心理健康顧問麗貝卡·韋勒建議，慢慢弄清楚它是否適合你。她說：“以后你總是可以做更多的事情?！比绻阆胫啦蕪椨螒蚴欠襁m合你，那就參加一兩次當?shù)鼐蹠〗M的郊游吧?；蛘邎竺麉⒓右淮蔚奶账囌n程，而不是八次的課程)”可知，后文主要建議了先從小事開始一個愛好，而不是投入太多。故D選項“不要馬上在一個新的愛好上投入大量的時間和金錢”符合語境，故選D?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)本段內容“Whenyouwereakid,whatdidyouwanttobewhenyougrewup?Theanswercouldpointyoutowardanappealinghobby,Weilersays.“Ifyouwantedtobeamajorleagueplayer,whatcanyoudonowthatfulfillsthaturgeforyou?”sheasks.Joiningasoftballteamorcoachingsomeneighborhoodkidscouldawakenapassion.(當你還是個孩子的時候，你長大后想做什么？韋勒說，這個問題的〖答案〗可能會讓你找到一個吸引人的愛好?！叭绻阆氤蔀橐幻舐?lián)盟球員，你現(xiàn)在能做些什么來滿足你的愿望？”她問道。加入一個壘球隊或指導一些鄰居的孩子可以喚醒你的激情)”可知，本段的主旨是通過回憶過去來發(fā)現(xiàn)愛好。故A選項“回憶過去的時光”符合語境，故選A?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Alwaysdreamedofproducinganovel?(一直夢想著寫小說嗎？)”可知，本句主要回答上文關于寫小說的問題。故B選項“加入一個小說作家小組”符合語境，故選B。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。DeliverydriverAlanMoncayohadhis5-year-olddaughterSabrinaalongwithhimwhenhetooklunchtoananimalshelterinLorton,Va.,onarecentSaturday.AsMoncayoapproachedtheshelter,he____21____asweet-lookingdogstaringathimthroughthewindow.Thesightofthedog____22____himofhispreviousone,Rusty.“They’re____23____,”saidMoncayo.“Rustywasexactlythesamebuild.”Althoughhisdaughterhadbeen____24____himtogetadog,Moncayosaid,“beingadeliverydriver,it’snotinmy____25____topayforadog.”Butthisdogreallydrewhimin.ShelterstaffintroducedMoncayoandSabrinatoJihoo,a6-year-old65-poundpitbullmix(比特犬混種).“Sincebigdogswere____26____moredifficulttoadoptout,”saidRebeccaCavedon,themanager,“Jihooremainedatthe____27____forlongerthanusual.He’sjustanamazinglygentle,sweet,kindboy.”ItonlytookafewminutesforMoncayoandhis____28____tofeelthesamewayaboutJihoo.Moncayodecidedthatthedogwas____29____tobetheirs.“Itwaslikean____30____spaceinmyheartthatjustneededtobemadefull,”Moncayosaid.“Nowit’s____31____somuchloveforourbeautifulnewdog.”After____32____paperworkandcompletingconsultationwithshelterstaff,Moncayo____33____thedogthatday.Sofar,Jihoohasbeenadjustingwelltohisnewhomeandfamily.“Hebroughtjoyand____34____intoourlives,”saidMoncayo.“Wefeellikea(n)____35____familynow,”headded.21.A.cured B.spotted C.bathed D.bought22.A.warned B.informed C.reminded D.convinced23.A.messy B.striking C.threatening D.identical24.A.begging B.ordering C.helping D.instructing25.A.memory B.budget C.duty D.pocket26.A.randomly B.immediately C.luckily D.generally27.A.firm B.station C.shelter D.habitat28.A.daughter B.manager C.staff D.driver29.A.rescued B.delivered C.introduced D.meant30.A.optional B.empty C.abnormal D.artificial31.A.dugout B.filledwith C.checkedout D.coveredwith32.A.goingthroughB.turningdown C.sortingout D.givingaway33.A.stole B.protected C.adopted D.ignored34.A.laughter B.liberation C.moral D.wisdom35.A.immediate B.complex C.complete D.temporary〖答案〗21.B22.C23.D24.A25.B26.D27.C28.A29.D30.B31.B32.A33.C34.A35.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了送貨司機AlanMoncayo和女兒在收容所看到了一只和他們以前的狗長得很像的狗Jihoo，于是收養(yǎng)了這只狗?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當Moncayo走近收容所時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)一只看起來很可愛的狗正透過窗戶盯著他。A.cured治愈；B.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.bathed沐??；D.bought購買。根據(jù)后文“asweet-lookingdog”指發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只可愛的狗。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：看到這只狗使他想起了他的前一只，Rusty。A.warned警告；B.informed通知；C.reminded提醒，使想起；D.convinced說服。根據(jù)后文“himofhispreviousone,Rusty”可知，這只狗使他想起了他的前一只狗Rusty，短語remindsb.ofsth.表示“使某人想起”。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“它們一模一樣，”Moncayo說。A.messy臟的；B.striking驚人的；C.threatening威脅的；D.identical相同的。根據(jù)后文“Rustywasexactlythesamebuild.”可知，兩只狗長得一模一樣。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然他的女兒一直求他養(yǎng)條狗，但Moncayo說：“作為一名送貨司機，我的預算里沒有養(yǎng)狗的錢?！盇.begging懇求；B.ordering命令；C.helping幫助；D.instructing指導。根據(jù)后文“himtogetadog”指女兒懇求他養(yǎng)狗。故選A。【25題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然他的女兒一直求他養(yǎng)條狗，但Moncayo說：“作為一名送貨司機，我的預算里沒有養(yǎng)狗的錢?！盇.memory記憶；B.budget預算；C.duty責任；D.pocket口袋。根據(jù)上文“beingadeliverydriver,it’snotinmy”以及although表示轉折，說明他是司機，沒有養(yǎng)狗的預算。故選B?！?6題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：經理RebeccaCavedon說：“由于大狗通常更難被收養(yǎng)，Jihoo在收容所待的時間比平時長?！盇.randomly隨機地；B.immediately立即；C.luckily幸運地；D.generally通常。根據(jù)后文“moredifficulttoadoptout”指大狗通常更難被收養(yǎng)。故選D?！?7題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：經理RebeccaCavedon說：“由于大狗通常更難被收養(yǎng)，Jihoo在收容所待的時間比平時長?！盇.firm公司；B.station車站；C.shelter收容所；D.habitat棲息地。根據(jù)上文“AsMoncayoapproachedtheshelter”可知，Jihoo在收容所待的時間比平時長。故選C?！?8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Moncayo和他的女兒只花了幾分鐘就對Jihoo產生了同樣的感覺。A.daughter女兒；B.manager經理；C.staff員工；D.driver司機。根據(jù)上文“hisdaughterhadbeen”指他和女兒對狗感興趣。故選A?！?9題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Moncayo決定這只狗注定是他們的。A.