Unit5知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)牛津譯林版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)

U5Goodmanners【ic&wele】You’reoldenoughtolearnaboutmannersnow,Hobo.[enough]形后，名前adj+enoughtodosth←→too+adj.+todosth[manners]n.“禮貌，禮儀；規(guī)矩”havegoodbad/manners有/沒(méi)有禮貌tablemanners餐桌禮儀manner方式manners禮儀time時(shí)間times次數(shù)good好處goods商品work工作works作品don’tcutinonothers不要打斷別人說(shuō)話cutinonsb打斷某人說(shuō)話=interruptsbAlwayswaitpolitely.[politely]adv.禮貌地修飾動(dòng)詞[polite]adj.禮貌的作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)bepolitetosb.對(duì)某人有禮貌[politeness]n.禮貌，客套droplittereverywhere到處丟垃圾[litter]不可數(shù)名詞“垃圾，雜物”droplitter扔垃圾[everywhere]adv.到處=hereandthere用于肯定句中somewhere在某處用于肯定句anywhere在任何地方用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句nowhere哪里都不表達(dá)否定含義leavethetaprunning讓水龍頭一直流leavesthdoing...讓某物一直做→leave+形容詞、vingleavethedooropenpickflowersinthepark[pick]vt.①采，摘（花朵、果實(shí)等）②挑選pickup撿起；用車接某人代詞放中間pickitupobeytrafficrules遵守交通規(guī)則obey→disobeyqueueforyourturn排隊(duì)等著輪到你[queue]①vi.（人、車等）排隊(duì)等候queueing/queuing②可數(shù)名詞“隊(duì)，行列”standinaqueue排隊(duì)jumpinaqueue插隊(duì)[turn]可數(shù)名詞“輪流”，（輪流）的順序It’sone’sturntodosth輪到某人做某手了taketurnstodosth輪流做某事inturn依次地byturns輪流地、交替地【reading】what’stheproperwaytogreetpeoplethere,Jenny?[proper]adj.“符合習(xí)俗的；正確的”沒(méi)有比較級(jí)→properlyadv.正確地，適當(dāng)?shù)豙greet]vt.“問(wèn)候，打招呼”greettosb=sayhellotosb向某人打招呼→greeting(s)n.“問(wèn)候，致意，祝賀”2.shakeyourhandwhentheymeetyouforthefirsttimeshakesb’shand=shakehandswithsb與某人握手forthefirsttime首次，第一次表示有生以來(lái)或一段時(shí)間內(nèi)第一次做某事，在句中一般單獨(dú)作狀語(yǔ)3.Dotheygreetpeoplewithakiss?[kiss]①可數(shù)名詞“親吻”givesbakiss給某人一個(gè)親吻②vt.“吻，親吻”Britishpeopleonlygreetrelativesorclosefriendswithakiss.[close]①adj.“親密的，嚴(yán)密的”表示關(guān)系或感情上“親近”，可作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)beclosetosb與某人關(guān)系親密closefriends親密的朋友②adj.“接近的，靠近的”表示距離上親近beclosetospl.離某地近Howdopeoplestartaconversation?[conversation]n.“交談，談話”一般指非正式的談話haveaconversationwithsb和某人交談getintoaconversationwithsb開(kāi)始與某人攀談aconversationabout...關(guān)于....的談話avoidsubjectslikeage,weightormoney避開(kāi)像年齡，體重或金錢這樣的話題[avoid]vt.“避免”+名詞、代詞、vingavoiddoingsth避免做某事[subject]可數(shù)名詞①話題；主題②學(xué)科；（語(yǔ)法）主語(yǔ)；臣民Dopeopletherebehavepolitelyinpublic?[behave]vt/vi“表現(xiàn)”→behaviourn.“行為；舉止；態(tài)度，表現(xiàn)方式”[public]①n.“民眾，群體”inpublic公開(kāi)地，在別人面前②adj.“公共的，公開(kāi)的”Theythinkit’srudetopushinbeforeothers.pushin插隊(duì)，加塞[push]①vi.“推，擠”反義詞：pull拉②vt.“按，推”③n.“推，努力”givesbapush推某人一下iftheybumpintosomeoneinthestreet[bump]①vi.碰，撞bumpinto/against...撞上；偶然碰見(jiàn)②vt.（尤指身體部位）碰上，撞上bumpheadonthewall③n.（可數(shù)）碰撞（聲），撞擊(聲)；（因碰撞而引起的）腫塊Ifyou’reintheirway,theywon’ttouchyouorpushpastyou.inone’sway擋住某人的路

intheway妨礙，擋道onone’swaytospl.在某人去某地的路上[touch]①vt.“觸碰，碰”②vt.“觸動(dòng)，感動(dòng)”touchsb使某人感動(dòng)touchingtouched③可數(shù)名詞“觸碰，碰”，通常用單數(shù)形式Thebubblebreaksatatouch.拓展：keep/stayintouchwithsb與某人保持聯(lián)系They’llsay“excuseme”andbepoliteenoughtowaittillyoumove.[excuse]vt.“原諒，寬恕”excuseme勞駕[till]①連詞“到...時(shí)，直到...為止”用于肯定句時(shí)，主句中用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，指動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到till表示的時(shí)間為止（直到...為止）Shewaitedheretillyoucameback.它在這里等到你回來(lái)。用于否定句時(shí)，主句中的動(dòng)詞一般是非延續(xù)性的，它所表示的動(dòng)作直到till所表示的時(shí)間才發(fā)生（直到...才）Don’tgoawaytillIeback.我回來(lái)之前不要走開(kāi)（直到我回來(lái)才走開(kāi)）②介詞“直到...為止”用于肯定句時(shí)，與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用Theshopisopentill9o’clock.用于否定句時(shí)，與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用Tomdidn’tgotosleeptillmidnight.Britishpeopleareverypoliteathomeaswell,aren’tthey?aswell副詞短語(yǔ)，多用于口語(yǔ)中，常用于肯定句句末，其淺=前通常不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)also較正式，通常放在行為動(dòng)詞之前，助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞be之后，用于句中，常用于肯定句too多用于口語(yǔ)中，通常用于肯定句句末......（,）too.either用于否定句中，常用于句末.....(,)either.在肯定句變成否定句時(shí)，其中的also,too,aswell都要變成eitherBritishpeopledon’tliketoshoutorlaughloudly.loudlyadv.“大聲地，喧鬧地”，給人以吵鬧、不悅耳的感覺(jué)，與quietly相對(duì)，用法較正式，含有一點(diǎn)貶義aloudadv.“聲音大”，常與laugh,read,speak,talk等動(dòng)詞搭配使用，還可與loudly替換使用adj.“大聲的”，可作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)Justasthesayinggoes.....[as]連詞正如，如同表方式[saying]可數(shù)名詞“諺語(yǔ)，格言”hitsomeoneorsomethingbyaccidentbyaccident偶然，意外地通常在句中作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于bychance其反義短語(yǔ)為onpurpose故意，有意地【grammar】Shedidnotjointhediscussion.[discussion]可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞haveadiscussionaboutsth就某事進(jìn)行討論haveadiscussionwithsb與某人進(jìn)行討論[discuss]vt.討論discusssthwithsb與某人討論某事Hedidnotexpresshimselfclearly.[express]vt.表達(dá)→expressionn.表達(dá)，表情，措辭expressoneself表達(dá)自己的想法/意思Kittywasverybusywithherdancinglessons.bebusywithsth忙于某事bebusywithdoingsth忙于做某事【integratedskills&studyskills】Helpexplainthingsandgiveususefulinformation.[explain]→explanation①vt.“解釋”+名詞、代詞、從句explainsthtosb向某人解釋某事②vi.“解釋，說(shuō)明”keepussafefromdangerkeepsb/sthfrom....保護(hù)某人/某物免受.....;阻止某人/某物....阻止...做....stop....fromdoing....=prevent...fromdoing...=keep...fromdoingwarnusnottodosomething[warn]vt.“警告，告誡”warnsb警告/告誡某人warnsb(not)todosth警告某人（不）做某事warnsbagainstdoingsth警告/告誡某人不要做某事warnsbof/aboutsth警告某人某事；題型某人注意某事→warningn.警示，警告awarningmessage警告消息awarningsign警示標(biāo)志Noparking禁止停車[parking]不可數(shù)名詞“停車”aparkinglot停車場(chǎng)aparkingspace停車位freeparking免費(fèi)停車位Nolittering.禁止亂扔垃圾[litter]①vt/vi.亂丟雜物belitteredwith....亂丟....②不可數(shù)名詞“垃圾，雜物”droplittereverybodywillbeluckyorsuccessfulsometimeintheirlife[successful]adj.成功的作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)→successfullyadv.成功地→successn.成功→succeedv.成功youhavetodosomethingbeforeothersinordertobesuccessful.inordertodosth為了做某事inordernottodosth為了不做某事inorderthatsbcan/could/may/mightdosth.為了...risklosingeverythingallatonetime[risk]vt.冒險(xiǎn)做riskdoingsth冒險(xiǎn)做某事riskone’slifetodosth冒著生命危險(xiǎn)作某事可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞“冒險(xiǎn)舉動(dòng)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”theriskof........的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)nopain,nogain一分耕耘，一分收獲[pain]n.“，痛，疼痛”have/getapainin.......（部位）疼痛[gain]n.“收獲，收益”反義詞：loss損失afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患難見(jiàn)真情indeed真正地，的確一般用于肯定或證實(shí)對(duì)方所說(shuō)的話，多承接前言，也用來(lái)加強(qiáng)或肯定自己說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣really真生地確實(shí)地主要用于強(qiáng)調(diào)與事實(shí)或現(xiàn)實(shí)不想違背，也可以表示不快、驚奇或某種含蓄的懷疑truly真正地強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀存在的真實(shí)性，沒(méi)有任何虛假practisemakesperfect.熟能生巧[practise]①不可數(shù)名詞“練習(xí)；訓(xùn)練；實(shí)踐”②vt.練習(xí)practisedoingsth練習(xí)做某事【task】purposeofthetalk報(bào)告的目的[purpose]可數(shù)名詞“目的”thepurposeof........的目的onpurpose故意地，有意地weshouldknowtheserulestomakesurethatbothguestsandhostsarefortableatthetable.atthetable在桌子旁（不一定在吃飯）attable在吃飯at+名詞表示狀態(tài)gotoschool去上學(xué)gototheschool去學(xué)校atalkongoodtablemanners有關(guān)良好餐桌禮儀的報(bào)告aboveall首先aboveall首先，首要的是強(qiáng)調(diào)需特別對(duì)待，類似于especiallyfirstofall首先第一表示次序≈atfirstafterall畢竟終究到底表示一種讓步語(yǔ)氣itisimpolitetomaketoomuchnoisewhileeatingordrinking.發(fā)出太多的響聲一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.—CanyoutellmesomethingaboutSwitzerland?—Oh,itis________Europeancountrywith________beautifulenvironment.A.an;a B.a;the C.a;a D.an;不填2.—Zibobarbecuehasbeepopularwithtouristsrecently.—That’strue.Touristscanhavereal______ofnotonlylocalhistoryandculturebutalsotheenthusiasm(熱情)oflocalpeople.A.examples B.exercises C.experiences D.exams3.—OnApril15,sixstudentsinWuxifellintothewaterduringaspringoutingandtwolosttheirlives.—I’msorrytohearthat.It’snecessary______students______aboutsafetyskills.A.of;learning B.of;tolearn C.for;learning D.for;tolearn4.ThisreportcardshowsSuzyisgoodatallthesubjects,________Science.REPORTCARDMATHAENGLISHAHISTORYASCIENCEA+A.especially B.mostly C.mainly D.exactly5.—Jacksayshecanwritea10,000wordreportinonlyafewminutes.—Ishejoking?He_________usethenewAItool—ChatGPT.Heisalwaysweakinwriting.A.may B.can C.should D.must6.Trytoguessitsmeaningwhenyoumeetanewword.Don’tjust________yourdictionaryallthetime.A.lookon B.carryon C.dependon D.keepon7.—QuanHongchanwonanothergoldmedalinthewomen’s10metreplatforminMontrealonMay8.—________greatsuccesssheis!A.What B.Whata C.How D.Howa8.Ifchildrenspendanhourplayingoutdoorseachday,theycan______thechanceofhavingpooreyesight.A.review B.reduce C.repeat D.relax9.—ManyWesternersthinkeveryoneinChinaknows______kungfu.—Thatsoundsfunny.ButitistruethatkungfuisabigpartofChinesetraditionalculture.A.whattodo B.howtodo C.whentodo D.wheretodo10.Onthejourneytospace,GuiHaichaosaidexcitedly,“Idon’tknowhowfantasticitistotakearocket(火箭)intoouterspaceIexperienceitformyself.”A.when B.after C.until D.since11.—Goodnews!Ourcity’sUndergroundLine2______toeintoserviceattheendofthisyear.—That’swonderful!Moderntransportismakingourlifemucheasierthanbefore.A.willbeexpected B.isexpected C.expects D.isexpecting12.TheJapanesefilm“TheFirstSlamDunk”________fortenminutes,butI________atthecinemayet.A.hasbegun;haven’tarrived B.hasbeenon;haven’tbeenC.hasbegun;haven’tbeen D.hasbeenon;haven’tarrived13.—Weshouldgivetheleftbehindchildrenasmuchcareaswecantomakethemfeelwarm.—Iagree.______,weshouldkeepintouchwiththemasoftenaspossible.A.Aboveall B.Inall C.Afterall D.Atall14.—AreyousureAmywillbeabletomanagetheworkherself?—Yes.Shealwaysdoesthings______todotheworkwell.A.carefulenough B.toocareful C.carefullyenough D.toocarefully15.—Ihavedonatedonlytenyuanatthecharityshow.Iamafraidthatistoolittle.—________.Wecan’tdogreatthings,butwecandolittlethingswithgreatlove.A.I’mafraidso B.IhopenotC.Notatall D.Yes,alittle三、完形填空(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)“Ican’tbelievewhatI’mhearing!”Ithoughttomyself.IthoughtJeffwasthelastcandidate(候選人)forpresidentoftheStudents’Union.MybestfriendTonycametomeandsaid,“I’msorry.Ireallythoughtyoushouldbe___16___.”Laterthatday,IhappenedtopassJeffintheschooldininghall.Iofferedhima(an)___17___“congratulations”andwalkedawaytomyusualtable.Tomy___18___,Jeffputhisplatebesidemine.“I’m,…er,er—I’mjustwondering___19___youwould…er…consider(考慮)ingtoworkonmyteam,”hesaid___20___.“Youarereallysmart,andyouwouldbeagreatpartner.”“Idon’tthinkso,”Ireplied,feeling___21___.“Well,ifyouchangeyourmind,wearemeetingtomorrow.”Allthatright,IthoughtabouttheofferfromJeff.Maybebeingapartoftheelection(選舉)processwouldgivemea___22___tomakeimportantchangesatourschool.Idecidedtojointhem.Myfirstgoalwasto___23___aneyecatchingadvertisement.Withinafewdays,wepletedaposterwithJeff’spicturesshowinghiminanumberofactivities.Noonecouldwalkthroughthehallway___24___noticingJeff’ssmilingface.Mynextstepwasto____25____whichnewactivitiesstudentswouldliketohaveatourschool.Manyofthemwanteda____26____club.WiththeinformationIhadcollected,Jeffhadaconversationwiththeheadmaster.Soonavolleyballteamandafootballteamwere____27____toaddtoourafterschoolprogramme.Manystudentssaid,“It’llbelikeattendinganewschoolwithJeffaspresidentoftheStudents’Union.”Hearingthesewordsmademyheartfilledwitha____28____ofachievement(成就).IhadwantedtobeepresidentoftheStudents’Uniontodothingsforstudentsmyself.NowI’veachievedthatand____29____morebyworkingasamemberofJeff’steam.He’sbeethemostpopularcandidateandIamabigpartofhissuccess.Thefactthatithasmadeachangetootherpeople’slivesisthereal____30____.Whatagreatfeeling!16.A.interviewed B.invited C.chosen D.trained17.A.polite B.exact C.basic D.amazing18.A.excitement B.pleasure C.surprise D.knowledge19.A.how B.if C.when D.why20.A.nervously B.closely C.seriously D.confidently21.A.impatient B.tired C.lonely D.unsure22.A.business B.chance C.condition D.magic23.A.print B.design C.donate D.treat24.A.through B.against C.without D.except25.A.cutout B.handout C.runout D.findout26.A.sports B.music C.chess D.puter27.A.checked B.allowed C.remembered D.translated28.A.direction B.sense C.meaning D.purpose29.A.even B.no C.any D.further30.A.secret B.success C.power D.beauty四、閱讀理解(共15小題每小題2分，滿分30分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面圖表或短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHAVEYOURSAYOnlineForumTopic:YourRestaurantExperiencesByKerrypostedat9:16p.m.,June23rdMyfamilyandIhadawonderfuldinneratahotelyesterdaytocelebratemyson’sbirthday.Whenwecutthecake,abandplayedthebirthdaysongforus.AwaitresswhodressedupasMickeyMousegavemysonalittlegift.Hewasveryhappy.Itwasareallyniceexperience!ByAndrewpostedat9:55p.m.,June23rdHappybirthdaytoyourson,Kerry!Ididn’thaveagooddiningexperiencetoday.Themansittingnexttomewastalkingloudlywithhisfriendswithhismouthfull.Hisfoodflewoutofhismouthtothetableandmyplate.Ithinkheisreallyrude.ByWinniepostedat10:08a.m.,June24thIhavealsometsomepeoplewhohavebadmanners.Forexample,theycoughedwithoutcoveringtheirmouths.Someofthemputalltheirshoppingbagsonthechairsevenwhentheysawsomeonewaiting.Ithinktheyshouldthinkmoreaboutothers!WhenIseesomeonewhodoessomethingimpoliteatarestaurant,Iusuallyaskawaiterforhelp.Youguysmaytrythisnexttime.ByNataliepostedat2:57p.m.,June24thIwenttoarestaurantinCityCenterlastweek.Itwassospecial.Itlookslikeaclassroomandyoucandrawontheblackboardonthewall.Thelunchsetlookslikeakid’sboxlunch.Itookmanyphotoswithmyfriendsthere.31.Whydidpeopleuploadpostsinthisforum(論壇)?A.Tomakemorefriends. B.Totalkabouttheirhobbies.C.Toplainabouttherestaurants. D.Tosharetheireatingoutexperiences.32.WhichofthefollowingpicturesmightbetherestaurantthatNataliewentto?A. B.C. D.33.Whatbadbehaviourisnotmentionedintheforum?A.Coughingwithoutcoveringthemouth.B.Notofferingaseattosomeoneinneed.C.Reachingoversomeone’splateforsomething.D.Makingtoomuchnoisewhileeatingordrinking.BWhat’sthefirstthingthatesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofstraw(稻草)?Mostpeoplewouldprobablyjustseeitasapileofwasteinthefield.However,WuCui,anintangibleculturalinheritor(非遺傳承人),canturnthestrawintolifelikeartworks.She’spractisedstrawplaiting(草編)sinceshegraduatedfromcollege.Strawplaitingisaskillofmakingdailyitemsorartworksoutofstraw.Itwasaddedtothenationalintangibleculturalheritagelistin2008.Strawplaitingusedtoplayasignificantroleinmon(普通的)people’sdailylife.WhenWuwasachild,strawitemslikestrawshoesorstrawhatscouldbefoundineveryfamilyinthecountryside.“Becauseofthedevelopmentofindustry(工業(yè)),goodsmadebymachinehavetakentheplaceofstrawplaitedproducts(產(chǎn)品).Nowthereareonlyabout100peopleworkingonstrawplaitingacrossthecountry,”Wusaid.However,intoday’sfastpacedlife,peoplehaveastrongwishtogetclosetonatureandfindpleasureinit.Strawplaitingcanmeetpeople’sspiritual(精神上的)andculturalneeds.“_______WhenI’minvitedtoteachstudentsaboutthehistoryofstrawplaitingandshowstrawplaitingskills,studentsarewillingtolearnaboutstrawplaiting.Wealsodisplayworksthatarepopularinthemarket,whichalwaysdrawpeople’sattention(關(guān)注).”Wusaid.“Thankstothegovernment’sattentiontofolkskills,strawplaitingisknowntomoreandmorepeople.”“Theworldhaschanged,andstrawplaitingshouldmeetpeople’sneedsandpreferences.Weshouldcreate(創(chuàng)造)newproductstohelpstrawplaitingpassdownanddevelop.Bywinningtheheartsofconsumers(消費(fèi)者),morepeoplewillunderstandtheculturebehindstrawplaiting,andmorecraftsmenwillbeencouragedtoworkonitasalifetimejob,”Wusaid.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“significant”inParagraph2havetheclosestmeaningto?A.Useless. B.Important. C.Inplete. D.Limited.35.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanhelpstrawplaitingpassdown?①People’sinterestinit.②Students’willingnesstolearnit.③Thegovernment’sattention.④Thedevelopmentofindustry.A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④36.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputontheblank(空白處)inparagraph4?A.WuCuigetsalotofsupportfromherfamily.B.Strawplaitedproductsarenoteasytomake.C.WuCuihasmadestrawplaitingherlifetimejob.D.Strawplaitingisgrowingpopularbothinschoolandinsociety.37.FromWuCui’swordsinthelastparagraph,howdoesshefeelaboutthefutureofstrawplaiting?A.Confident. B.Surprised. C.Uncertain. D.Hopeless.CIfthereisaglasshalffilledwithwater,doyouseeitashalffullinsteadofseeingitashalfempty?Doyoubelievethat“Everycloudhasasilverlining.”andthatthingsmostlyturnout(結(jié)果是)forthebest?Doyoubelieve“Whateverwillbe,itwillbe.”?Ifyoureply“yes”toallofthesequestions,thenyouareanoptimist(樂(lè)觀主義者).Youmaybemorelikely(可能的)tobesuccessfulatworkandstudy.Butthingsdon’talwaysturnoutforthebest.Forexampleyoumaybelieve“Whenonedoorcloses,anotherdooropens.”However,inthereallife,sometimeswhenonedoorcloses,anotherdoorslams(砰地關(guān)上)inyourface.Thenwhatwouldyouthink?NowabookcalledThePositivePowerofDefensivePessimismhaseout.Itbelievesthatdefensivepessimism(防御性的悲觀主義)canleadtogoodresults.Defensivepessimismisawaytomanagefearandworry.Defensivepessimistsprepareforthingsbysettinglowgoals(目標(biāo))forthemselves.Theycarefullythinkabouteverythingthatmaygowrongandplanforwaystodowiththeseproblems.Andthisgivesthemasenseofcontrol.LawrenceSanno,apsychologyprofessor(心理學(xué)教授),says,“What’sinterestingaboutdefensivepessimistsisthattheymayalsoturnouttobeverysuccessfulpeople.Thisisbecausetheyusetheirlowopinionofthesituation’sresultstoencouragethemselvestoperform(表現(xiàn))better.”Whyisitlikelyfordefensivepessimiststobesuccessful?Thisisnotrocketscience.Defensivepessimistsalwayspreparecarefullyandthinkaboutwhatmightgowrong.Theyhaveabackupplan.TherearemanysayingsinEnglishwhichaskpeopletohaveabackupplan.Forexample,“Don’tputallyoureggsinonebasket.”and“Don’tcountyourchickensuntiltheyhatch.”Eachcoinhastwosides.Whetheryou’reanoptimistorapessimist,there’readvantages(有利條件)anddisadvantages.Don’tfeelbadifyouseetheglasshalfempty.Youarejustarealist(現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者).Cheerupandbeadefensivepessimist.You’realsolikelytobeassuccessfulasanoptimist.38.Theauthordescribestheonewiththeopinion“Whenonedoorcloses,anotherdooropens.”as________.A.anoptimist B.arealist C.apessimist D.aprofessor39.AccordingtoLawrenceSanno,howdodefensivepessimistsachievesuccess?A.Theyusethefinalgoalofeachsituation.B.Theyuseotherpeople’sencouragement.C.Theyusetheirownperformanceinworkorstudy.D.Theyusetheirlowopinionofthesituation’sresults.40.Whatdoestheunderlinedsaying“Thisisnotrocketscience.”probablymean?A.Itisdifficulttobelieve. B.Itissimpleenoughtounderstand.C.Itisadangerousthingtodo. D.Itisaninterestingthingtodiscuss.41.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howtoachievesuccessinlifelikeothers. B.Thedangerofbeinganoptimist.C.Advantagesofbeingdefensivepessimists. D.Abookondefensivepessimism.DOnthefirstnightintheirnewhome,Mothersaid,“You’veoftenwantedanadventure(歷險(xiǎn)),haven’tyou?Nowithase.ItoldMrs.Vineytoleaveussupper.Iguessshe’sputitintheotherroom.Let’sgoandsee.”Theylookedintheotherroom,butfoundnosupper.“Wecan’thaveanysuppertoday,”saidPhyllis,theyoungestdaughter,unhappily.“Yes,wecan,”saidMother.“Wecanunpackoneoftheboxes.There’ssomefoodfromtheoldhouseinLondon.”Itwasastrangesupper—tomatoes,potatochips,driedfruitandcake.Aftersupper,theyputsheets(床單)andblanketsonthebedsandthenwenttosleep.Thenextmorning,thechildrengotupearly.Theylookedoutsideandsawthecountryhousestoodinafieldnearthetopofahill.“ThisplaceismuchprettierthanouroldhouseinLondon,”saidPhyllis.Theotherchildrenallagreed.Allday,theyhelpedMothertidyuptherooms.Theninthelateafternoon,Mothersaid,“That’senoughfortoday.Youcanwalkaroundforanhourbeforesupper.”“Whereshallwego?”saidBobbie.“Totherailway,ofcourse!”criedPeter,nowtheonlymaninthefamily.Therailwaylinewasatthefootofthehill,byawoodenfence(籬笆).Theyclimbedontothetopofthefence.Suddenly,theyheardanoise.Thenextmoment,therailwaylinebegantoshakeandatraincamescreamingoutofthetunnel(隧道).“Oh!”saidBobbie,“Itwaslikeagreatwildanimalgoingby!”“IwonderifitisgoingtoLondon,”saidBobbie.“I’msureFatheristhere.Imisshimverymuch.”“Let’sgodowntothestationandfindout,”saidPeter.Theywalkedalongtheedgeoftherailwaylinetothestationandthenuptotheplatform(站臺(tái)).TheysawtheStationMasterwashalfasleepbehindanewspaper.Therewereagreatmanyrailwaylinesatthestation.Ononesideofthebigstationyardwasalargepileofcoal.Therewasawhitelineonthewallbehind,nearthetopofthe