世紀(jì)商務(wù)英語閱讀第四版基礎(chǔ)篇Unit8市公開課一等獎(jiǎng)百校聯(lián)賽特等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

CENTURYBUSINESSENGLISH大連理工大學(xué)出版社閱讀教程（基礎(chǔ)篇2）（第四版）世紀(jì)商務(wù)英語

主編：王洗薇第1頁Unit8

BusinessConference大連理工大學(xué)出版社第2頁Whateveryourpositioninyourorganization,youwillundoubtedlyparticipateinandevenleadmeetingsinyourorganization.ThemostproductivemeetingsstatedinTextAstartontime,endontime,andaccomplishtheiragenda.Atameeting,youmayhavetodealwithdifferentcharactersanalyzedinTextBtoachievehighefficiency.Toconducteffectivemeetingsultimately,PracticalReadinggiveshintsonpresidingoverorparticipatinginameeting.Besides,youaregoingtolearnanewreadingtechniqueonhowtorecognizethewriter’sattitudewhichwillinfluencethewaysofideasorinformationbeingpresentedintexts.第3頁ReadingSkillFocusWordsandExpressionsPracticalReadingComprehensiveReading第4頁RecognizingtheWriter’sAttitudeWritersarenotnecessarilyneutralorobjectivewhentheywrite,particularlyiftheyaretryingtopersuadereaderstoagreewiththeiropinions.Itisveryimportanttowatchfortheattitudeofthewritertowardthesubjectdiscussedinwriting.Thisisbecausesuchattitudescaninfluencethewaysoftheideasorinformationbeingpresentedinthetext.Thewriter’sattitude—feelingsorbeliefsaboutthesubject—ispartofthetotalmeaning,eventhoughitisstatedinjustafewwordsornotstatedatall.Ifitisnotstated,thereadermust“readbetweenthelines”todigitout.ReadingSkillFocus第5頁Thewritermayrevealhisapprovalordisapprovalofsomethingbycarefullyselectingandarrangingwordstocreatedesiredeffects.Attitudesarereflectedintone.Ifaperson’sattitudeisoneofbitterness,histonewillbebitterorsarcastic(譏諷,諷刺).Ifheunderstandsasituation,hisattitudewillreflectunderstanding,pity,orsympathy.第6頁DifferentTypesofAttitude第7頁Sample1IhadsupposedthatnoonewouldeverproduceabookonthissubjectwithwhichIwouldfindmyselfincompleteagreement;butProfessorSmithhasnowdonetheimpossible.在閱讀過程中，注意識(shí)別作者對(duì)文中討論問題所持態(tài)度，如贊同、反對(duì)、了解和同情等，對(duì)于正確了解文章至關(guān)主要。從本段字里行間，如“findmyselfincompleteagreement”和“donetheimpossible”可見作者所持態(tài)度是贊同。A．GuidedPractice第8頁Sample2ThereislittleinProfessorSmith’slatestbookthatisnew,andthereismuchthatrecentscientificstudieshaveshowntobeuntrue.依據(jù)句中“Thereislittle...thatisnew”和“tobeuntrue”可得知，作者所持態(tài)度是不贊同。第9頁TheentirestateofLouisianaiswithinadamp,subtropicalzone.Theaverageannualtemperatureofthestateis67degreesFahrenheit,andmonthlymeantemperaturesvaryfrom52degreesinJanuaryandDecemberto82degreesinJulyandAugust.Thelengthofthegrowingseasonisusuallybetween220and250daysinthenorthernhalfofthestate,andbetween250and275daysinthesouthernhalf.第10頁Sample3Christmasissupposedtobeatimetoexpressourloveandgoodwill.Forothers,itissupposedtobeatimewhenweperformactsofkindnessforpeoplelessunfortunatethanourselves.But,dowethinkofotherpeoplewhenwesitdowntoourChristmasdinner?Ofcoursenot.We’retoobusyeatingthosedeliciousfoodsassociatedwithChristmas.Wearetoobusywonderingwhetherthepresentswegavewerebetterthantheoneswereceived.Weforgettothinkofthesickandthehomeless.ThewholeideaofChristmasnowiscompletelyunchristian.這段文字中，帶有主觀意義詞語，如“issupposedtobe”，“but”，“ofcoursenot”，“toobusyeating”，“completelyunchristian”等，透出了作者對(duì)現(xiàn)在人們過圣誕節(jié)方式持反對(duì)態(tài)度。第11頁B.ChallengeYourselfReadthefollowingparagraphsandseeifyoucanrecognizethewriter’sattitudetowardhistopic,andthenfinishtheexercisesthatfollow.Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience:“Thisworkisterrible!Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandyourwritingisillegible.”Itmayhavebeenasharpcriticismofthepupil’stechnicalabilitiesinwriting,butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadneglectedtoreadtheessay,whichcontainedsomebeautifulexpressionsofthechild’sdeepfeelings.第12頁Theteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrors,butifhisprioritieshadcenteredonthechild’sideas,anexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupilmoremotivationtoseekimprovement.Theauthor’sattitudetowardwhattheteacherdidis________.approvingB.positiveC.criticalD.indifferent答案C第13頁Challenge2Figurescanbedeceiving.Forexample,TimesmagazinerecentlyreportedthattheaverageYalegraduateoftheclassof1944wasmaking$35,111ayear.Well,goodforthem!Butwhatexactlydoesthatfiguremean?IsitproofthatifyousendyourchildtoYaleyouwon’thavetoworkinyouroldageandneitherwillhe?Whatkindofsampleisitbasedon?YoucouldputoneTexasoilmanwithtwohundredhungrywritersandreporttheiraverageincomeas$35,111ayear.Thefigureisexact,butithasnomeaning.Inwayssimilartothis,thefactsandfigurespourfortheveryday.Theyareusedtopointoutthetruth,wheninfacttheyinflate,confuse,andover-simplifythetruth.Theresultis“numbernonsense”.第14頁

Theauthor’scomment,“Well,goodforthem!”asaresponsetotheaverageyearlysalaryofaYalegraduateismeanttoshow________.humorB.disagreementC.praiseD.indifference答案B第15頁

2.Inthisselectiontheauthorusestoneto________.bescientificallyobjectiveB.createsympathyforwritersC.condemnYalegraduatesD.rejectthetheoryofaverages答案D第16頁

3.Thetoneinthispassagecanbestbedescribedas________.scientificB.sentimentalC.ConcernedD.impersonal答案C第17頁NursingatBethIsraelHospitalproducesthebestpatientcarepossible.Ifwearetosolvethenursingshortage,hospitaladministrationanddoctorseverywherewoulddowelltofollowBethIsrael’sexample.AtBethIsraelhospitaleachpatientisassignedtoaprimarynursewhovisitsatlengthwiththepatientandconstructsafull-scalehealthaccountthatcoverseverythingfromhismedicalhistorytohisemotionalstate.Thenshewritesacareplancenteredonthepatient’sillnessbutwhichalsoincludeseverythingelsethatisnecessary.第18頁

Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthenursingsystematBethIsraelHospitalis_______.NegativeB.neutralC.criticalD.positive答案D第19頁GettingtheMostofMeetings1Oneaspectofbusinesslifewhichmanymanagersareunhappywithistheneedtoattendmeetings.Researchindicatesthatmanagerswillspendbetweenathirdorhalfoftheirworkinglivesinmeetings.譯文讓會(huì)議發(fā)揮最大作用1很多經(jīng)理對(duì)商務(wù)活動(dòng)不滿一點(diǎn)就是開會(huì)。調(diào)查結(jié)果發(fā)覺經(jīng)理三分之一或二分之一工作時(shí)間都花費(fèi)在開會(huì)上。ComprehensiveReading第20頁Althoughmostmanagerswouldagreethatitishardtothinkofanalternativetomeetings,asameansofconsideringinformationandmakingcollectivedecisions,theirlengthandfrequencycancauseproblemswiththeworkloadofeventhebest-organizedexecutives.譯文盡管大多數(shù)經(jīng)理都認(rèn)為極難找到別方式來取代開會(huì)這一交流信息和做出集體決議方法，不過長(zhǎng)時(shí)間頻繁會(huì)議給最井井有條高級(jí)經(jīng)理也造成工作負(fù)擔(dān)。ComprehensiveReading第21頁Meetingsworkbestiftheytakeplaceonlywhennecessaryandnotasamatterofroutine.Oneexampleofthisisthediscussionofpersonnelorcareermattersbetweenmembersofstaffandtheirlineandpersonnelmanagers.Anotherisduringtheearlystagesofaprojectwhentheteammanagingitneedstolearntounderstandandtrustoneanother.譯文會(huì)議只有在必要時(shí)，而不是作為例行公事，才能起到最正確作用。員工與其一線經(jīng)理和人事部經(jīng)理之間討論人事或職業(yè)問題會(huì)議就是個(gè)例子。再比如項(xiàng)目早期，負(fù)責(zé)項(xiàng)目管理團(tuán)體組員之間需要相互了解和信任時(shí)候要召開會(huì)議。ComprehensiveReading第22頁3Onceithasbeendecidedthatameetingisnecessary，decisionsneedtobetakenaboutwhowillattendandaboutthelocationandlengthofthemeeting.Peopleshouldonlybeinvitedtoattendiftheyaredirectlyinvolvedinthemattersunderdiscussionandtheagendashouldbedistributedwellinadvance.譯文一旦決定有必要開會(huì)，就要決定與會(huì)者、會(huì)議地點(diǎn)和時(shí)長(zhǎng)。只有與議題直接相關(guān)人才應(yīng)被邀請(qǐng)，會(huì)議議程也應(yīng)提前發(fā)放。ComprehensiveReading第23頁Anagendaisvitalbecauseitactsasaroadmaptokeepdiscussionfocusedandwithinthetimelimitallocated.Thisisalsotheresponsibilityofthepersonchairingthemeeting,whoshouldencouragethosewhosaylittletospeakandstopthosewhohaveagreatdealtosayfromtalkingtoomuch.譯文會(huì)議議程至關(guān)主要，因?yàn)樗拖褚粡埪肪€圖，使討論內(nèi)容得到關(guān)注并在限定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成議程。這也是會(huì)議主持人責(zé)任，他要勉勵(lì)那些較緘默人多講話，阻止那些滔滔不絕人講得過多。ComprehensiveReading第24頁Attheendofawell-organizedmeeting,peoplewillfeelthatthemeetinghasbeenasuccessandbepleasedtheywereinvited.Theywillknownotonlywhatdecisionsweremadebutalsothereasonsforthesedecisions.譯文一場(chǎng)組織有序會(huì)議結(jié)束時(shí)，與會(huì)者應(yīng)感到會(huì)議很成功，并因?yàn)樽约罕谎?qǐng)而感到很高興。他們不但要知道在會(huì)上做出了哪些決議，而且知道做出這些決議理由。ComprehensiveReading第25頁Unfortunately,attheendofabadly-organizedmeetingthosepresentwillleave,feelingthattheyhavewastedtheirtimeandthatnothingworthwhilehasbeenachieved.譯文令人遺憾是，一場(chǎng)組織得很差會(huì)議結(jié)束時(shí)，與會(huì)者離開時(shí)會(huì)以為開會(huì)浪費(fèi)了時(shí)間，沒得到任何有意義結(jié)果。ComprehensiveReading第26頁Muchthoughthasbeengivenovertheyearstowaysofkeepingmeetingsshort.OnemanwhohasnointentionofspendinghalfhisworkinglifeinmeetingsisRolandWinterson,chiefexecutiveofalargemanufacturingcompany.Hebelievesthatmeetingsshouldbeshort,sharpandinfrequent.譯文幾年來人們一直在思索縮短開會(huì)時(shí)間方法。作為一家大型制造企業(yè)總經(jīng)理羅蘭德·溫特森不想把二分之一工作時(shí)間花在開會(huì)上。他認(rèn)為會(huì)議應(yīng)該簡(jiǎn)短、明確、不要過于頻繁。ComprehensiveReading第27頁infrequent.“Itrytoholdnomorethantwoorthreemeetingsaweek,attendedbyamaximumofthreepeoplefornolongerthanhalfanhour.”hesays.“Theyareclearlyaimedatachievingaspecificobjective,suchasmakingadecisionorplanningastrategy,andarebasedoncarefulpreparation.譯文他說：“我一周召開會(huì)議盡可能不超出兩三次，與會(huì)者最多三個(gè)人，開會(huì)時(shí)間不超出半小時(shí)。會(huì)議有明確特定目標(biāo)，比如做出決議或制訂策略。會(huì)議都經(jīng)過精心準(zhǔn)備。ComprehensiveReading第28頁Idrawuptheagendaforeverymeetingandcirculateitinadvance;thoseattendingareexpectedtostudyitcarefullyandshouldbepreparedtobothaskandanswerquestions.Managersarebestemployedcarryingouttasksdirectlyconnectedwiththeirjobsnotattendingendlessmeetings.譯文每次會(huì)議我都會(huì)起草會(huì)議日程并提前下發(fā)，與會(huì)者要認(rèn)真研究，并準(zhǔn)備提出和回答下列問題。經(jīng)理們最大職責(zé)是完成與他們工作相關(guān)任務(wù)，而不是參加無休止會(huì)議。ComprehensiveReading第29頁Inbusiness,timeismoneyandspendingitinneedlessmeetingsthatdon’tachieveanythingcanbeverycostly.Executivesshouldfollowtheexampleoflawyersandputacostoneachhouroftheirtimeandthendecidewhetherattendingalongmeetingreallyisthebestwaytospendtheirtime.”譯文商務(wù)活動(dòng)中，時(shí)間就是金錢，把時(shí)間花在不會(huì)取得任何結(jié)果沒有必要開會(huì)議上，其代價(jià)是巨大。管理者應(yīng)像律師那樣計(jì)算每一小時(shí)成本，然后決定參加一次冗長(zhǎng)會(huì)議是否確實(shí)是利用時(shí)間最好方式?！盋omprehensiveReading第30頁

1.Onceithasbeendecidedthatameetingisnecessary,decisionsneedtobetakenaboutwhowillattendandaboutthelocationandlengthofthemeeting.Once引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，thatameetingisnecessary是真正主語，it是形式主語；主句中decisionsneedtobetaken是主干，aboutwhowillattendandaboutthelocationandlengthofthemeeting短語做定語，修飾decisions.LanguagePoints第31頁

2.Peopleshouldonlybeinvitedtoattendiftheyaredirectlyinvolvedinthemattersunderdiscussionandtheagendashouldbedistributedwellinadvance.這是一個(gè)并列復(fù)合句式結(jié)構(gòu)，第一分句中有一個(gè)條件狀語從句，由if引導(dǎo)；第二分句是theagendashouldbedistributedwellinadvance.involvev.connectcloselyorengageasanparticipant包含，使陷入，牽涉e.g.Givingadviceattherighttimehastoinvolveagreatdealofintelligence.在適當(dāng)時(shí)間提提議需要人睿智。e.g.Paintingtheroominvolvedmovingoutthepiano.粉刷房間就要把鋼琴搬出去。e.g.Howshouldweinvolveourselvesinschoollife?我們應(yīng)該怎樣投入學(xué)校生活？LanguagePoints第32頁

3.Thisisalsotheresponsibilityofthepersonchairingthemeeting,whoshouldencouragethosewhosaylittletospeakandstopthosewhohaveagreatdealtosayfromtalkingtoomuch.chairingthemeeting分詞短語做定語修飾theperson,第一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，一樣修飾theperson,whosaylittle和whohaveagreatdealtosay都是定語從句修飾各自前面those。。LanguagePoints第33頁

4．“Itrytoholdnomorethantwoorthreemeetingsaweek,attendedbyamaximumofthreepeoplefornolongerthanhalfanhour,”hesays.maximumthelargestpossiblequantityn.極點(diǎn)，最大量a.最高，最大極限e.g.Thishallholdsamaximumofseventypeople.這廳最多容納七十人。e.g.Thedemonstrationwascarefullyorchestratedtoattractmaximumpublicity.該示威經(jīng)過精心策畫以盡可能吸引公眾注意。e.g.Thedressiscarefullystyledformaximumcomfort.這服裝精心設(shè)計(jì)，力爭(zhēng)到達(dá)最大程度舒適。e.g.Themaximumamountofcreditextendedtoacustomer.最大透支額允許客人賒賬最大量。LanguagePoints第34頁

5．Idrawuptheagendaforeverymeetingandcirculateitinadvanceagendan.alistofmatterstobetakenup(asatameeting)議事日程e.g.Thisagendawillformthebasisofournextmeeting.本議程將成為下次會(huì)議中心議題。e.g.Let'sgoontothenextitemontheagenda.我們討論議程表上下一項(xiàng)吧。e.g.Let'sthrashthematteroverbeforeputtingitontheagenda.我們先把這件事仔細(xì)研究一下，再把它列入議事日程。LanguagePoints第35頁

6.Executivesshouldfollowtheexampleoflawyersandputacostoneachhouroftheirtimeandthendecidewhetherattendingalongmeetingreallyisthebestwaytospendtheirtime.Whetherattendingalongmeetingreallyisthebestwaytospendtheirtime做decide賓語從句。examplen.榜樣，模范followone’sexample學(xué)某人樣子，類似短語followone’ssuitputv.把…加在…身上e.g.Neverputyourtrusttoastranger.絕不要相信陌生人。LanguagePoints第36頁

ChoosethebestanswerforeachofthefollowingstatementsaccordingtoTextA.Task1Whatdomostmanagersthinkaboutmeetings?A.Meetingstakeupmostoftheirworkinglives.B.Meetingsallowthemtomonitordecision-making.C.Meetingspreventthemfromestablishingaroutine.D.Meetingsaretheonlywaytheyknowofachievingcertainobjectives.答案D第37頁

2.Accordingtothewriter,anexampleofavaluablemeetingisonewhich_______.A.allowscolleaguestoachieveabetterworkingrelationshipB.requiresmanagerstodiscussstaffingneedswithpersonnelC.selectsasuitablegroupofpeopletoworktogetherasateamD.encouragesstafftopresentideasonimprovementsinmanagement答案A第38頁

3.Accordingtothewriter,theagendaisimportantbecauseit_______.A.isseenbyeverybodybeforethemeetingB.helpstogivedirectiontothediscussionsC.containsitemsofinteresttoallthosepresentD.showswhoshouldspeakateachstageofthemeeting答案B第39頁

4.Thewritersaysthatpeopleleavingawellorganizedmeetingwillunderstand_______.A.thereasonfortheirinvitationtothemeetingB.howthedecisionstakenwererelevanttothemC.theimportanceofproposalsunderdiscussionD.whycertaincoursesofactionwereagreedupon答案D第40頁

5.WhatisRolandWinterson’sopinionaboutmeetings?A.Theycanbeabaduseofamanager’stime.B.Theirimportanceisoftenunderestimated.C.Theyfrequentlyresultinwrongdecisions.D.Theireffectivenesscouldbeimprovedwithbetterplanning.答案D第41頁Matchthewordsontheleftwiththeexplanationsontheright.第42頁Task21.F2.D3.B4.A5.G6.C.7.H8.E第43頁

Task3TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Althoughmostmanagerswouldagreethatitishardtothinkofanalternativetomeetings,asameansofconsideringinformationandmakingcollectivedecisions,theirlengthandfrequencycancauseproblemswiththeworkloadofeventhebest-organizedexecutives.答案盡管大多數(shù)經(jīng)理都認(rèn)為極難找到別方式來取代開會(huì)這一交流信息和做出集體決議方法，不過長(zhǎng)時(shí)間頻繁會(huì)議給最井井有條高級(jí)經(jīng)理也造成工作負(fù)擔(dān)。第44頁

2.Onceithasbeendecidedthatameetingisnecessary,decisionsneedtobetakenaboutwhowillattendandaboutthelocationandlengthofthemeeting.答案一旦決定開會(huì)是必要，就要決定與會(huì)者、會(huì)議地點(diǎn)和時(shí)長(zhǎng)。第45頁

3.Executivesshouldfollowtheexampleoflawyersandputacostoneachhouroftheirtimeandthendecidewhetherattendingalongmeetingreallyisthebestwaytospendtheirtime.答案管理者應(yīng)像律師那樣計(jì)算每一小時(shí)成本，然后決定參加一次冗長(zhǎng)會(huì)議是否確實(shí)是利用時(shí)間最好方式?！钡?6頁Task4WordFormationLearning—Root(13)ThefollowingrootscanbefoundinTextA.RootsMeaningExamplesalteralternaliothertochange其它，改變狀態(tài)alterablea.可改變alternationn.交互，交織aliena.外國(guó)，外來alienatev.疏遠(yuǎn)volvolvtorolltoturn卷，轉(zhuǎn)volumen.卷，冊(cè)evolvev.發(fā)展，進(jìn)化revolvev.旋轉(zhuǎn)，循環(huán)第47頁RootsMeaningExampleslocplace地方localismn.地方主義collocatev.并列，排列relocatev.重新定位circcyclringcircle圓，環(huán)circulara.圓，循環(huán)circuitn.環(huán)行；電路encirclev.圍繞，包圍bicyclen.自行車第48頁Now,readTextAcarefully,locatethewordsinthetextthatcontainoneoftheabove-mentionedroots,andtellthemeaningofeachword.1.alter_______________(Para.1,Line4)2.volv_______________(Para.3,Line4)alternativeinvolved第49頁3.loc_______________(Para.3,Line6)4.circ_______________(Para.5,Line9)allocatedcirculate第50頁Besides,completethesentenceswiththewordsyouhavejustfoundoutfromTextAandchangetheformwhennecessary.5.Pleaseopenawindowtoallowtheairto________________.6.Asystemusedto________________ascarcecommodity,suchasfood,onlytothosecapableofderivingthegreatestbenefitfromit.circulateallocate第51頁7.Paintingtheroom________________movingoutthepiano.8.Caughtintheact,hehadno________________buttoconfess.involvedalternative第52頁ComprehensiveReadingTenCharactersYou’llMeetataBusinessMeetingEveryoneparticipatesinmeetingsoristhehostofameeting.Manyareproductiveandothersareacompletewasteoftime.Therearetencharactersyou’llmeetinbusinessmeetings.TextB譯文參加商務(wù)會(huì)議十種人1每個(gè)人都參加會(huì)議，或是與會(huì)者，或是會(huì)議主持人。很多會(huì)議是有結(jié)果，不過也有一些完全是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。在商務(wù)會(huì)議中，你會(huì)碰到以下十種人。第53頁Monopolizer2TheMonopolizerthinksheorsheistheonlyonewithwisdomonvarioussubjectsatthebusinessmeeting.TheMonopolizerbelieveseveryoneelseistheretohearhimorherspeak.Theydon’tappreciatebusinessmeetingsthatofferanopportunitytohearfrommany.譯文獨(dú)斷專行人2獨(dú)斷專行人認(rèn)為，在商務(wù)會(huì)議上，他/她是唯一對(duì)各種事情都很有看法人。他認(rèn)為其它與會(huì)人員都是來聽他/她講話。這么人不把商務(wù)會(huì)議看成是聽取多方意見好機(jī)會(huì)。第54頁TangentTalker3TheTangentTalkerhijacksthetopicofthegroupbytakingdiscussionsoffontangenttopicsunrelatedtotheissueathand.Oneminuteyou’reontopicandthenextminuteyou’rein“l(fā)eftfield”asyouragendatopichasbeentakenonatangent.譯文扯開話題人3喜歡扯開話題人隨意將與會(huì)人員商討話題扯到毫無相干地方去。這一刻你可能還在討論某個(gè)話題，下一刻話題就被扯到與議程不相干地方去了。第55頁Devil’sAdvocate4Thispersonseemstorelishtakingtheoppositetack.Whatevertheargumentbeingputforth,thispersondelightsintakinganoppositeview.譯文唱反調(diào)人4唱反調(diào)人似乎最喜歡跟他人對(duì)著干。不論討論什么話題，這么人總喜歡唱反調(diào)第56頁Cynic5Theultimatenaysayer,theCynichasaMaster’sdegreeinnegativity.Adroitatusingthephrases,“itwon’twork”,“can’tbedone”,and“they’llneverbuyit.”Theyareskilledatdeflatinganddefeating.譯文憤世嫉俗人5憤世嫉俗者最擅長(zhǎng)提出否定意見。他常掛在嘴邊話就是“這么不行”，“做不到”，“他們決不會(huì)買”。他們最能貶低、打擊他人。第57頁FenceSitter6Knownfortheirparalysisbyanalysis,FenceSittersareunabletomakedecisions.Despitebeinginadeliberativebody,theyareconflictedbymultiplearguments,andcan’t“pullthetrigger”whenit’stimetomakeadecisioninabusinessmeeting.譯文騎墻派6騎墻者不能很好地分析問題，所以也不能做出決定。盡管他們本身比較審慎，不過在商務(wù)會(huì)議上，他們本應(yīng)對(duì)有爭(zhēng)議話題做出決定時(shí)，卻總不能當(dāng)機(jī)立斷。第58頁P(yáng)andora’sBoxOpener7ThePandora’sBoxOpenersleadtheentiremeetingintoareasthatprovokefrustration,animosities,andoftenresentmenttoo.Oncethisboxisopened,it’shardtogettheissuesbackintothebox.Discussionsofsalaries,promotionsorpersonalstylesoftenstirupissuesthathijackmeetings.Evenworse,someculpritsreopenissuesfromearlierinthebusinessmeetingthathavealreadybeenresolved.譯文制造麻煩人7制造麻煩人將整個(gè)會(huì)議帶到讓人感覺沮喪、敵對(duì)或產(chǎn)生憤恨地步。不該提及話題一旦被提出，就極難再收回。關(guān)于薪金、晉升機(jī)會(huì)或個(gè)人格調(diào)等話題總會(huì)擾亂議會(huì)議議題。更糟糕是，一些好事者還要再提及那些在早期商務(wù)會(huì)議上已經(jīng)處理事情。第59頁BrownNoser8Thisemployeeisseenbyotheremployeestobeinthepocketofthepersontowhomthey’recow-towing.Ultimatelytheyareseenforwhotheyareandbecomepredictableandnottrusted.譯文阿諛奉承人8在他人眼里，阿諛奉承員工被他們奉承人玩于股掌之間。最終這么人會(huì)被他人看清，變得不再可信。第60頁Attacker9TheAttackerdeftlymixesnegativitywithpersonalattacks,challengingothers’ideaswithvigor.Withoutregardtohurtingothers’feelings,theAttackerusesaconfrontationalstyletoobjecttoothers’ideasandgoagainsttheflow.Sadly,sometimestheydon’tevenrealizethey’reattacking.譯文喜歡攻擊人9喜歡攻擊人老練地把反對(duì)意見和個(gè)人攻擊混為一談，盛氣凌人地挑戰(zhàn)他人觀點(diǎn)。這么人不會(huì)顧及是否會(huì)傷害他人情感，他們用一個(gè)反抗方式反對(duì)他人意見或擾亂會(huì)議程序。更悲傷是，他們有時(shí)根本沒有意識(shí)到他們是在攻擊他人。第61頁Joker10Don’tlettheJoker’sgoodnaturefoolyou,Jokerscanbemeetingmonsters.Theirconstantjokinghastheeffectofdiminishingothers’seriousideasorsuggestions.Theirinfusionofhumorcanbelittleothers’motionsandmakesitdifficultforsometobetakenseriously.譯文喜歡玩笑人10不要讓喜歡玩笑人好脾氣愚弄了你，因?yàn)樗麄兛赡苁菙噥y會(huì)議人。不停玩笑使得他人嚴(yán)厲觀點(diǎn)和意見顯得并不主要。他們幽默會(huì)降低他人動(dòng)議價(jià)值，甚至動(dòng)議也不能嚴(yán)厲地得以實(shí)施。第62頁Robots11Meetingrobotsareactuallycellphones,pagers,personaldigitalassistants(PDAs),andlaptopcomputers.Eachdistractstheirownerandothers,too,astheyintrudeuponparticipants’attentionspansduringbusinessmeetings.譯文會(huì)議機(jī)器11會(huì)議機(jī)器實(shí)際就是電話、傳呼機(jī)、個(gè)人數(shù)字助理和手提電腦之類東西。每一樣會(huì)議機(jī)器都會(huì)干擾他們主人和其它人，因?yàn)檫@些機(jī)器很使參加商務(wù)會(huì)議人分散注意力。第63頁LanguagePoints1TheMonopolizerthinksheorsheistheonlyonewithwisdomonvarioussubjectsatthebusinessmeeting.monopolizern.peoplewhohaveandcontrolsomethingorsomebodyfullyandexclusively2Theydon’tappreciatebusinessmeetingsthatofferanopportunitytohearfrommany.appreciatev.recognizewithgratitude;begratefulfor觀賞，領(lǐng)會(huì)；感激，感激e.g.Weallappreciateaholidayafterayearofhardworking.經(jīng)過一年辛勞工作之后，大家都能領(lǐng)會(huì)假期樂趣。e.g.Weappreciateyourhelpingus.我們感激你們幫助。TextB第64頁LanguagePointsTheTangentTalkerhijacksthetopicofthegroupbytakingdiscussionsoffontangenttopicsunrelatedtotheissueathand.tangentastraightlineorplanethattouchesacurveorcurvedsurfaceatapointbutdoesnotintersectitatthatpointn.切線，正切a.接觸，相切g(shù)o/flyoffat/onatangent突然改變方針；突然改變?cè)掝}；突然扯到題外；突然離開原來思緒TextB第65頁LanguagePoints4Devil'sAdvocatedeviln.(Judeo-ChristianandIslamicreligions)chiefspiritofevilandadversaryofGod;tempterofmankind;masterofHell惡魔，魔鬼advocaten.v.apersonwhopleadsforacauseorpropoundsanidea提倡者，擁護(hù)者e.g.Idon'treallybelieveincapitalpunishment,I'mjustplayingthedevil'sadvocate.我并非真正主張應(yīng)該有死刑，只是有意唱唱反調(diào)罷了。e.g.Thisjudgeisastrongadvocateofprisonreform.這位法官是監(jiān)獄改革果斷擁護(hù)者。e.g.Headvocatesreducingmilitaryspending.他主張削減軍費(fèi)開支。TextB第66頁LanguagePoints5Cynicn.someonewhoiscriticalofthemotivesofothers憤世嫉俗者e.g.Acynicisamanwhoknowsthepriceofeverythingandthevalueofnothing.玩世不恭者，是只知一切事物價(jià)錢而不知其價(jià)值人。e.g.Robertsisarealcynic;hewon'tacceptanythingoranyoneonfacevalue.羅伯特實(shí)在是一個(gè)玩世不恭人；他不會(huì)對(duì)任何事或任何人信認(rèn)為真。6．FenceSittern.apersonwhowon’ttakesidesinacontroversy騎墻派TextB第67頁LanguagePoints7.Knownfortheirparalysisbyanalysis,FenceSittersareunabletomakedecisions.paralysisn.lossoftheabilitytomoveabodypart癱瘓e.g.Thediseaseresultsincreepingparalysis.這種病可發(fā)展成脊髓癆。e.g.Completeparalysisofthelowerhalfofthebodyincludingbothlegs,wasusuallycausedbydamagetothespinalcord.脊髓受傷經(jīng)常引發(fā)包含雙腿在內(nèi)下身麻痹。TextB第68頁LanguagePoints8．Pandora’sBoxOpenerPandoran.(Greekmythology)thefirstwoman,createdbyHephaestusonordersfromZeuswhopresentedhertoEpimetheusalongwithaboxfilledwithevils.Pandora’sBoxItistheboxthatZeusgavetoPandora.Whensheopenedtheboxwithcuriosity,Allthemiseriesandevilsflewouttheafflictmankind.TextB第69頁LanguagePoints9．Evenworse,someculpritsreopenissuesfromearlierinthebusinessmeetingthathavealreadybeenresolved.culpritn.someonewhoperpetrateswrongdoing犯人，罪犯e.g.Theculpritwillbewhippedwhenheisfound.那個(gè)罪犯找到后就要挨鞭子抽打。e.g.Thepolicearenowonthescentoftheculprit.警方已取得罪犯線索。TextB第70頁LanguagePoints10．BrownNosern.Apersonwhoactsfavorablytohisorherpeerstogainstasisorfancythatwilleventuallybeusedtotheiradvantage,suchasaraise,promotion,oracceptanceinagroup.Usuallybrownnoserswilldoanythingtogaintheapprovaloftheirpersonofchoice.Thesepeoplecanalsobedescribedaslosersbecausetheycan’tworkforwhattheywant.Anothertwowordsforthispersonareashoeshineroraneyelicker.阿諛奉承人TextB第71頁LanguagePoints11．Jokerscanbemeetingmonsters.Monstern.apersonoranimalthatismarkedlyunusualordeformed怪物，惡人e.g.Hewaspossessedwithamonster.他被一個(gè)怪物纏上了。e.g.Thismachineisarealmonster.這臺(tái)機(jī)器真是個(gè)龐然大物。12．Eachdistractstheirownerandothers,too,astheyintrudeuponparticipants’attentionspansduringbusinessmeetings.spann.thecompletedurationofsomething跨度，范圍e.g.Modernmedicinehasincreasedman’slifespan.當(dāng)代醫(yī)學(xué)延長(zhǎng)了人壽命。e.g.Canyouspananoctaveonthepiano?你能按到鋼琴八個(gè)鍵嗎？TextB第72頁

Matchthewordsontheleftwiththeexplanationsontheright.Task5ColumnAColumnB1.culpritA.afeelingofillwillarousingactivehostility2.deliberativeB.skillful(orshowingskill)inadaptingmeanstoends3.animosityC.someonewhoperpetrateswrongdoing4.adroitatD.flatterer,bootlicker,ass-kisser5.deflatingE.involvedinorcharacterizedbydeliberationanddiscussionandexamination6.BrownNoserF.releasecontainedairorgasfrom第73頁C2.E3.A4.B5.F6.D第74頁InTextB,we’velearnedabouthowtogettoknowsomecharactersinameeting,suchastheMonopolizer,theTangentTalker,theDevil’sAdvocateandsoon.TranslatethefollowingsentencesunderlinedinthetextintoChineseandinferthewriter’sattitudetowardsseveralofthesecharactersatameeting.Task6第75頁ComprehensiveReading1.TheMonopolizerthinksheorsheistheonlyonewithwisdomonvarioussubjectsatthebusinessmeeting.TheMonopolizerbelieveseveryoneelseistheretohearhimorherspeak.Theydon’tappreciatebusinessmeetingsthatofferanopportunitytohearfrommany.答案獨(dú)斷專行人認(rèn)為，在商務(wù)會(huì)議上，他/她是唯一對(duì)各種事情都很有看法人。他認(rèn)為其它與會(huì)人員都是來聽他/她講話。他們不把商務(wù)會(huì)議當(dāng)成是聽取多方意見好機(jī)會(huì)。第76頁ComprehensiveReading2.TheTangentTalkerhijacksthetopicofthegroupbytakingdiscussionsoffontangentstopicsunrelatedtotheissueathand.Oneminuteyou’reontopicandthenextminuteyou’rein“l(fā)eftfield”asyouragendatopichasbeentakenonatangent.答案

喜歡扯開話題人隨意將與會(huì)人員商討話題扯到毫無相干地方去。這一刻可能還在討論一個(gè)話題，等一下話題就被扯到跟會(huì)議議程不相干地方去了。第77頁ComprehensiveReading3.Knownfortheirparalysisbyanalysis,FenceSittersareunabletomakedecisions.Despitebeinginadeliberativebody,theyareconflictedbymultiplearguments,andcan’t“pullthetrigger”whenit’stimetomakeadecisioninabusinessmeeting.答案

騎墻者不能很好地分析問題，所以也不能做出決定。盡管他們本身比較審慎，不過在商務(wù)會(huì)議上，他們本應(yīng)對(duì)有爭(zhēng)議話題做出決定時(shí)，卻總不能當(dāng)機(jī)立斷。第78頁Task7

WordFormationLearning—Root(14)ThefollowingrootscanbefoundinTextB.RootsMeaningExamplespartportparttodivide部分；分開partiala.部分；有偏見partakev.參加，分享po