Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionDiscoverUsefulStructures課件高中英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性

Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionDiscoverusefulstructuresDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech1Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.2Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.3Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.4Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.1Theexpertsaid,“fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”2Thereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange”3Thereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction”4“Let'sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.Inpairs:Discussthedifferencesbetweenthetwogroupsofsentences.quotationmarks&objectclausewordorderwordordertensedifferentexpressions1Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.2Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.3Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.4Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.1Theexpertsaid,“fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”2Thereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange”3Thereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction”4“Let'sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.DirectspeechIndirectspeech◆Toreportwhatexactlyhasbeensaid◆Thewordsusuallyappearinquotationmarks◆Toreportwhathasbeensaidwithoutusingtheexactwords◆NoquotationmarksDirectSpeechandindirectSpeech引語(yǔ)的概念直接引述別人的原話，叫____________;直接引語(yǔ)用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來(lái)，叫_________。間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)通常都用____________括起來(lái)，引號(hào)“

”

間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)________。賓語(yǔ)從句HowtochangeasentencefromdirectspeechtoindirectspeechWhatdidhe/shesayThegirl

ismysisterLucy.Today

iswindy.Iwanttoeatapples.PeterMaryLucyPeterMary

saidthatLucy

saidthattoday/thatday

waswindy.thegirl

washersisterLucy.shewantedtoeatapples.saidthatHowtochangeasentencefromdirectspeechtoindirectspeech1. Changeofpersonalpronoun，tense，wordorder，

time，place，verbindicatingdirection人稱變化,時(shí)態(tài)變化,時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、方向性動(dòng)詞等變化

2.陳述句、特殊疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句、祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)的方法

Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.DengTaosaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.使間接引語(yǔ)中的人稱與直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱指向一致.陳述句:A.Changesofthepersonalpron隨主隨賓不變1.ZhangYansaid,“I’llcomethisevening.”

→Shesaid(that)shewouldgothatevening.2.Mysistersaidtome,“I’mleavingtomorrow.”

→Mysistertoldme(that)shewasleavingthenext/(following)day.3.ZhouJunsaid,“Mymotherisnotherenow.”

→Hesaid(that)hismotherwasnotthere

then.1.Directspeechisastatement陳述句

總結(jié)：1.加that(可以省略）2.陳述句語(yǔ)序

3.檢查人稱，時(shí)態(tài)4.時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)變化主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)

直接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does一般將來(lái)時(shí)willdo現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am…doing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)havedone一般過(guò)去時(shí)did過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddone

間接引語(yǔ)一般過(guò)去時(shí)did過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)woulddo過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddone過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddone過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddone如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí),遵守時(shí)態(tài)變化原則：沒(méi)有“過(guò)去”給“過(guò)去”；有個(gè)“過(guò)去”加“完成”。陳述句:B.Changesofthetense:ZhouJunsaid,“Mymotherisnotherenow.”

→Hesaid(that)

hismother

was

nottherethen.

注意：以下幾種情況時(shí)態(tài)不變①直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理。

The

teacher

said,

"The

earth

moves

around

the

sun

.”→

The

teacher

said

(that)

the

earth

moves

aroundthe

sun

earth.

③直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

LeiMiao

said,

"I

was

born

on

December

11,

1999."

②直接引語(yǔ)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。YangLong

said,

“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme.”

→YangLongsaidhe

wasdoingchoreswhenTomhadcometoseehim.→LeiMiaosaid

she

was

born

on

December

11,

1999.④直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

WenHui

said,

“I

get

up

at

six

every

morning?！?/p>

⑤如果直接引語(yǔ)中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)的形式,時(shí)態(tài)不再變（例：could,

should,

would,

might）Thedoctorsaidtome,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

→ThedoctorsaidtomeIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

或已經(jīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不再變。（例：ought

to，

had

better,

used

to）DangRan

saidtome,

"You

had

better

come

here

today."

→She

said

(that)she

gets

up

at

six

every

morning.→

DangRen

said

tome(that)

I

had

better

go

therethat

day.三、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)及方向性動(dòng)詞的變化引語(yǔ)

用詞直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞this這個(gè)these這些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now現(xiàn)在today今天thismorning今天上午tonight今天晚上tomorrow明天that那個(gè)those那些then/atthattime那時(shí)thatday那天thatmorning那天上午thatnight那天晚上thenext/followingday第二天時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday昨天lastnight昨天晚上thedaybeforeyesterday前天threedaysago三天前nextweek下一周ago（至今）以前地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)here這兒方向性動(dòng)詞bring帶來(lái)come來(lái)thedaybefore前一天thenightbefore前一天晚上twodaysbefore兩天前threedaysbefore三天前thenext/followingweek下周before（那時(shí)）以前there那兒take帶走go去如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述,tomorrow,yesterday,tomorrow不變?nèi)绻诋?dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述,here不必改為therecome不必改為go2.directspeechisaspecialquestion特殊疑問(wèn)句1.“Whatdoyouwant”heaskedme.→HeaskedmewhatIwanted.2.Theteacheraskedme,“Whydoyouwanttodothat”→TheteacheraskedmewhyIwantedtodothat.3.Sheaskedme,“Wherehaveyoubeen”→SheaskedmewhereIhadbeen.總結(jié)：1.加特殊疑問(wèn)詞2.陳述句語(yǔ)序3.檢查人稱，時(shí)態(tài)，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)1.Heaskedme,“Areyouinterestedinit”→Heasked(me)if/whetherIwasinterestedinit.2.Heaskedme,“Doyoulikethisfilm”→Heaskedif/whetherIlikedthatfilm.3.DirectspeechisaYesorNoquestion一般疑問(wèn)句總結(jié)：1.加if/whether2.陳述句語(yǔ)序

3.檢查人稱，時(shí)態(tài)4.時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)4.Directspeechisanimprativesentence祈使句

Shesaidtotheboys,“Don’ttalk.”→SheaskedtheboysShesaid,“Bequiet.”→Sheaskedustobequiet.nottotalk.tell(ask,order,advise)sb(not)todosth.

askinviteadvisewarntellorder1Jimsaid,“Ilikefootball.”

2Tomaskedme,“Doyoulikethisbook”3Petersaidtome,“whatdoyoulike”

4Marysaidtome,“Closethewindow.”

Jimsaidthathelikedfootball.”Tomaskedmeif/whetherIlikedthisbook.

PeteraskedmewhatIliked.Maryaskedmetoclosethewindow.陳述句，特殊、一般疑問(wèn)句，祈使句由直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)的區(qū)別Summary性質(zhì)：間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句人稱:一隨主,二隨賓,三不變時(shí)態(tài)：主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句相應(yīng)的變化引導(dǎo)詞:陳述句:用that一般疑問(wèn)句:用if或whether特殊疑問(wèn)句:用特殊疑問(wèn)詞祈使句：

tellsb.todos.thasksb.todos.thordersb.todos.th1.Dianeasked,“WhatmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual”2.Dianeasked,“WasittheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory”3.Marthasaid,“Iwanttobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.”4.Marthasaid,“Iamdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming.”Dianeasked（me）whathadmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual.Dianeasked(me)if/whetherithadbeentheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory.Marthasaid/toldtme(that)shewantedtobecomebecomeascientistandhelptheworld.Marthasaid/toldme(that)shewasdoingaproject.onbehalfofherschoolaboutglobalwarming.5.Bobasked,“Whyisnuclearpowerasensitivetopic”6.Bobasked,“Couldyouexplainhowthenucleardisasterhappened”7.Lauraasked,“Howmanyanimalshavedisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting”8.Lauraasked,“Whatcanwedotohelpwildanimals”Bobasked(me)if/whetherIcouldexplainhowthenucleardisasterhadhappened.Bobasked(me)if/whethertheycouldexplainhowthenucleardisasterhadhappened.Bobaskedwhynuclearpowerwasasensitivetopic.Lauraaskedwhatwecoulddotohelpwildanimals.9.Vincentsaid,“IhaveneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.”10.Vincentsaid,“Willscientistsdiscovernewspeciesthere”Vincentsaid/toldmethathehadneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.Vincentsaidif/whetherscientistswoulddiscovernewspeciesthere.Howtochangeasentencefromdirectspeechtoindirectspeech1. Changeofpersonalpronoun，tense，wordorder，

time，place，verbindicatingdirection人稱變化,時(shí)態(tài)變化,時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、方向性動(dòng)詞等變化

2.陳述句、特殊疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句、祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)的方法

Workingroups.Doasurveyonwhatyourgroupmembersaredoingtohelptheenvironmentandwhatelsetheycando.Thenreporttotheclass.3P29MichelleIalwaysusemyclothbagwhenIgoshopping,ratherthanuseplasticbags.

JackIoftenwalkorrideabikeinsteadoftakingataxi.SallyDon’tprintoutdocumentsunlessreallynecessary.JoeWoulditbebesttosharebookswithothers?EXAMPLEIaskedmygroupmemberswhattheydidtolimittheamountofcarbondioxideproducedintheirdailylives.Jacktoldmethatheoftenwalkedorrodeabikeinsteadoftakingtaxi.Joeadvisedustosharebookswithothers.Sallyaskedus…4.Theysaid,“WestayedinAmerica.”

→Theysaidthat__________________in

America.5.Hesaid,“IhadleftforBeijingbefore

youcalledme.”→Hesaidthat_________forBeijing

before___________.6.Tomsaid,“Iwillexplainittoyouafterclass.”→Tomsaidthathe____________________afterclass.7.Shesaid,“Iwillbuythisbooktoday.”

→Shesaidshe_________________________.

they(had)stayed

hehadleftIcalledhimwouldexplainittomewouldbuythatbookthatday8.Theoldmansaid,“Iamsurprisedwiththechangesthathavetakenplacehere.”→Theoldmansaid________surprisedwiththechangethat___________________.9.Thestrangersaidtome,“Aplayisbeingperformednow.”→Thestrangertoldmethat______________

______________.10.Thevolunteersaid,“Iwillattendthe

performancetomorrow.”→Thevolunteersaid____________________

___________________________.hewashadtakenplacethere

aplaywasbeingperformedthen

he/shewouldattendtheperformancethenextday1.Hesaid,“ImafraidIcan’tfinishthiswork.”2.Hesaid,“Ihaven’theardfromhimsinceMay.”

3.Tomsaid“Iwillseeyounextweek.”

Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn’tfinishthatwork.Hesaidthathehadn’theardfromhimsinceMay.Tomsaidthathewouldseemethenextweek.Practice(III)4.“Whywereyoulateagain”Theteachersaidtome.

5.“Idon’tlikeswimming,”saidSarah.

6.“HaveyoubeentoParis”Myclassmateaskedme.TheteacheraskedmewhyIwaslateagain.Sarahsaidshedidn’tlikeswimming.Myclassmateaskedmeif/whetherIhadbeentoParis.變下列直接引語(yǔ)為間接引語(yǔ)。1.“Stoptalking,please,”themonitorsaidtotheclass.

______________________________________2.“Repeatitthreetimes,”theteachersaidtoher.

______________________________________3.“Willyoubuysomebreadforme”hesaidtoher.

______________________________________4.“Don’ttakeoffyourcoat,”shesaidtohersister.

______________________________________5.“Stayhere!”theofficersaidtothesoldier.

_____________________________________Themonitoraskedtheclasstostoptalking.Theteachertoldhertorepeatitthreetimes.Heaskedherifshecouldbuysomebreadforhim.Shetoldhersisternottotakeoffhercoat.Theofficertoldthesoldiertostaythere.“Idon’twanttogosightseeing,”saidJohn.→Johnsaidthat_______