2024年高考英語(yǔ)外刊時(shí)文精讀專題15青少年近視

PAGEPAGE12024年高考英語(yǔ)外刊時(shí)文精讀精練(15)Short-sightedness:Protectingthepupils近視：愛護(hù)學(xué)生主題語(yǔ)境：人與自我主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容：健康的生活方式【外刊原文】（斜體單詞為超綱詞匯，相識(shí)即可；下劃線單詞為課標(biāo)詞匯，需熟記。）Fewthingscomewithnodownsidesatall.Richcountrieshavealmost

completely

banished

infectious

diseases

suchas

tuberculosis(結(jié)核病),

cholera(霍亂)

and

malaria(瘧疾).Instead,theirhealth

ministries

spendmuchoftheirtimeworryingaboutillnessescausedbywealth.Cheap,highcaloriefoodhas

abolished

starvation

intherichworld,butitalsoencourages

diabetes(糖尿病).White-collar

jobsareless

tiringthan

physical

work.Theyalsopromote

obesity

andheartdisease.Eveneducationisnotalwaysgood.Overthepastfewdecades,EastAsiahasseena

stunning

riseintherateofshort-sightedness.Andagrowing

pile

of

evidence

suggeststhatthemain

reasonforthisiseducation—specifically,thefactthatchildrenspendlargepartsofthedayin

relatively

darkclassrooms.

Beforethelongeconomicboomsthatbeganinthe

1960s,

short-sightedness

was

uncommon

inEastAsia.Thesedays,amongtheyoung,itisalmost

widespread.InSeoulovernineintenyoungmenareshort-sighted.China,whichbeganitseconomicriselater,is

catching

up.Datashow

short-sightedness

ratesamongyoungpeopleofabout

80%.

IfEastAsiaisthecentreofthe

epidemic(流行病),theWestisnot

immune.Gooddataarehardertocomeby.Butstudiessuggestratesofbetween

20%and

40%inEurope,higherthanthenaturalstateofaffairs.OnestudyinCaliforniafoundarateof

59%among

17-to

19-year-olds.Thereare,

admittedly,worsethingsto

suffer

from.Butshort-sightednessisnotalwaysharmless.

Glasses

and

contact

lenses(隱形眼鏡)

areanexpensive,

lifelong

bother.Inpartsof

rural

China,wheresomefamiliescannotaffordeither,childrenstruggleintheveryschoolsthatarecausingtheproblem.Andsevere

short-sightedness

leadsthoseenduringittoothereye

diseases

inmiddleage,someofwhichcancauseuntreatablelossofvision.GovernmentsinAsiaareincreasinglyworriedaboutthepublic-health

effects

ofentiregenerationsgrowingupshort-sighted.Thoseinotherpartsoftheworldshouldstartworrying,too.

The

evidence

suggeststhatregular

exposure

tobrightdaylightisvitalin

properly

controllingthegrowthofchildren’seyes.Toolittlelightleadsto

short-sighted

eyes.ResearchersthinkthatthisexplainswhyratesaresohighinAsia,whereastrongcultural

emphasis

onthevalueofeducationleadstolongschooldaysand,often,

private

tutoring

intheafternoonandevening.Thatleaveslittletimefor

sunshine.Westernchildren,whoseparentsareincreasinglyworriedbya

competitive

jobsmarketthatthreatensmuchless

secure

employment

thantheyenjoyed,arebeginningtogothesameway.

Specialeyedrops,aswellasclever

glasses

and

contact

lenses,maybeabletoslowthe

development

of

short-sightedness

onceithasstarted.But

prevention

isbetterthanrelief,andthesciencesuggestsacheap,

straightforward

measure.Aseriesofencouraging

trials

showthatgivingschoolchildren—andespeciallythosein

primary

education—moretimeoutsidecancutthenumberwhogoontodevelop

short-sightedness.Anisland-widepolicyofdoingjustthatseemstohavebegun

changing

thedecades-longriseinshort-sightedness

rates.SimilarattemptsinSingaporereliedonparents,who

proved

more

reluctant

tochangetheir

behaviour,perhapsworriedthatotherparentsmightnotfollowsuit,leavingtheirchildrenata

disadvantage

intheclassroom.

Governmentsarewellplacedtosolvesuch

collective-actionproblems,while

reassuring

anxiousparentsthatabitlessclassroomtimeisunlikelytobe

catastrophic.Afterall,countriessuchasFinlandandSwedendowellinglobaleducation

rankings

withaless

intense

approach

toeducation.Givingmoreoutdoortimetoyoungchildrenwouldstillleaveroomforthemtocram(死記硬背)forexamsintheirteenageyears.Andlongerbreaksintheplaygroundmayalsoimproveotherrich-worldproblemssuchaschildhood

obesity.Far-sighted

governmentsshouldsendthekids

outdoors.【課標(biāo)詞匯精講】banish消退，解除Diseaseslikemalariahavebeenbanishedforcenturies.瘧疾之類的疾病已經(jīng)被根除數(shù)世紀(jì)之久。Hehasnowbanishedallthoughtsofretirement...他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全打消了退休的念頭。infectious易傳染的，傳染性的；有感染力的；?aninfectiousdisease/patient傳染?。瘋魅静〔∪?aninfectioussmile有感染力的笑聲?infectiousenthusiasm有感染力的熱忱abolish廢除，廢止SlaverywasabolishedintheUSinthe19thcentury.

美國(guó)于19世紀(jì)廢除了奴隸制。Thewholesystemshouldbeabolished.整個(gè)制度應(yīng)當(dāng)被廢除。starvation饑餓，挨餓Twentymillionpeoplefacestarvationunlessavastemergencyaidprogrammeislaunched.若不啟動(dòng)大型緊急救濟(jì)專案安排，兩千萬(wàn)人將有餓死的危急。Theanimalshaddiedofstarvation.這些動(dòng)物餓死了。promote促進(jìn)；促銷，推銷；推廣Advertisingcompaniesarealwayshavingtothinkupnewwaystopromoteproducts.廣告公司總是得想出新方法來促銷。Greenpeaceworkstopromoteawarenessofthedangersthatthreatenourplanettoday.綠色和平組織致力于促使人們更了解當(dāng)前威逼地球的危機(jī)。stunning震驚的?stunningnews令人震驚的新聞Hesufferedastunningdefeatintheelection.他在選舉中慘敗。evidence證據(jù)；證明Severalexpertsaretogiveevidenceonthesubject.幾位專家將就這個(gè)問題提出證據(jù)。Thereisgrowing/mounting/increasingevidencethatpeoplewhosedietsarerichinvitaminsarelesslikelytodevelopsometypesofcancer.越來越多的證據(jù)證明，在飲食中汲取含有富維他命食物的人不太簡(jiǎn)潔罹患某些癌癥。specifically特意，特地地;明確地；準(zhǔn)確地；詳細(xì)地Thesejeansaredesignedspecificallyforwomen.這些牛仔褲是專為女性設(shè)計(jì)的。Itspecificallysaid/statedonthelabelthatthejacketshouldbedry-cleanedonly.標(biāo)簽上明確標(biāo)明這件夾克衫只能干洗。relatively相對(duì)地，比較而言，按…比例說Relativelyspeaking,it'safairlypoorcountry.相對(duì)而言，這是個(gè)很貧困的國(guó)家。Thesystemisrelativelyeasytouse.這個(gè)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)用起來相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)潔。widespread分布廣的，散布廣的；普遍的Therewaswidespreadsupportforthewar.普遍支持斗爭(zhēng)。Thestormcausedwidespreaddamage.暴風(fēng)雨造成了大范圍的破壞。catch

up趕上Iranafterherandmanagedtocatchupwithher.我在她后面追，最終趕上了她。Atthemomentourtechnologyismoreadvanced,butothercountriesarecatchingupwithus.目前我們的技術(shù)比較先進(jìn)，但是其他國(guó)家正在趕上來。immune免疫的;對(duì)某種疾病〕有免疫力的:Mostpeoplewho'vehadchickenpoxonceareimmunetoitfortherestoftheirlives.大多數(shù)出過水痘的人終生都對(duì)此病具有免疫力。Oncewe'vehadthedisease,we'reimmuneforlife.我們一旦得過這種病，就獲得了終身免疫力。Admittedly[用于讓步或承認(rèn)某事屬實(shí)或的確如此]誠(chéng)然;無(wú)可否認(rèn)Admittedly,thesalarywasnotwonderfulbutthedutieswerelight.誠(chéng)然，薪水不是很高，但是工作很輕松。Thisisadmittedlyanextremecase.這的確是個(gè)極端的事例。suffer受苦；受熬煎She'sbeensufferingfrom(=beenillwith)cancerfortwoyears.她患癌癥已經(jīng)兩年了。Mary'ssufferingfromillhealthatthemoment.瑪麗眼下身體不好。endure忍耐（苦痛，困難），忍受Itseemedimpossiblethatanyonecouldenduresuchpain.似乎沒人能忍耐這樣的苦痛。Wehadtoendureanine-hourdelayattheairport.航班延誤，我們不得不在機(jī)場(chǎng)苦等了九個(gè)小時(shí)。Increasingly越來越多地，不斷增加地?tobeincreasinglyimportant/common越來越重要／普遍Hewasfindingitincreasinglydifficulttomakedecisions...他發(fā)覺越來越難以作出確定。Thereisanincreasinglypopularalternative...有了越來越受歡迎的替代品。17.exposure接觸；面臨；遭遇Youshouldalwayslimityourexposuretothesun.無(wú)論甚么時(shí)候，都不要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間曬太陽(yáng)。Evenabriefexposuretoradiationisverydangerous.即使只是短期接受輻射也是特別危急的。18.vital必不行少的；極其重要的Shehadfoundoutsomeinformationofvitalimportance.她已經(jīng)查出了一些極為重要的資訊。Regularexerciseisvitalforyourhealth.常常熬煉對(duì)健康特別重要。emphasis重視，強(qiáng)調(diào)Theyplacedgreatemphasisontheindividual'sfreedom.他們特殊強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人自由。Schoolshereput/place/laygreatemphasisonwrittenworkandgrammar.這里的學(xué)校特殊重視寫作和文法。competitive競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的；競(jìng)賽的

Graduateshavetofightforjobsinahighlycompetitivemarket.畢業(yè)生不得不在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的市場(chǎng)上奮力爭(zhēng)取找到工作。Universitiesareverycompetitiveforthebeststudents.高校對(duì)優(yōu)等生的爭(zhēng)奪特別激烈。secure平安的，無(wú)危急的;牢靠的，穩(wěn)定的Theofficialsaidthatnoairportcouldbetotallysecure.那名官員說任何機(jī)場(chǎng)都不行能肯定平安。Wewantasecurefutureforourchildren.我們希望我們的孩子有一個(gè)牢靠的將來。employment受雇；就業(yè)Theemploymentprospectsforsciencegraduatesareexcellent.理科畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)前景特別好。

Steve'sstilllookingforfull-timeemployment.史蒂夫還在找尋全職工作。23.prevention阻擋，阻礙；預(yù)防TheorganizationiscommittedtoAIDSpreventionandeducation.該組織致力于愛滋病的防治和教化。Effectivecrimepreventionmustbeourmaingoal.有效預(yù)防犯罪必需是我們的主要目標(biāo)。24.straightforward簡(jiǎn)潔理解的，簡(jiǎn)潔的Installingtheprogramisrelativelystraightforward.

安裝這個(gè)程序相對(duì)來說比較簡(jiǎn)潔。Thisareaoflawisfarfromstraightforward(=complicated).這方面的法律很困難。trial驗(yàn)，試驗(yàn)，測(cè)試They'veemployedherforasix-monthtrial(period).他們錄用了她，試用期為六個(gè)月。Theyletmehavethecomputerontrialforthirtydays.他們讓我試用這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)三十天。primary

首要的；主要的;初等教化的，小學(xué)的?primaryeducation初等教化?aprimaryschool小學(xué)TheRedCross'sprimaryconcernistopreserveandprotecthumanlife.紅十字會(huì)最關(guān)切的是維護(hù)人的生命平安。27.reluctant不情愿的，牽強(qiáng)的Sheseemedreluctanttodiscussthematter.她似乎不愿探討這件事。IwashavingsuchagoodtimeIwasreluctanttoleave.我玩得很快樂，都不情愿離開了。28.reassure勸慰，使放心，使消退疑慮Heunderstoodherfeelingsandtriedtoreassureher.他理解她的心情并努力勸慰她。Iwasnervousonmyfirstdayatcollege,butIwasreassuredtoseesomefriendlyfaces.踏進(jìn)高校的第一天我很驚慌，但是當(dāng)我看到那么多友善的臉孔，心里感到踏實(shí)多了。29.catastrophic災(zāi)難性的;引起重大災(zāi)難的Atidalwavecausedbytheearthquakehitthecoastcausingcatastrophicdamage...地震引起的海嘯攻擊了沿海地區(qū)，導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難性的破壞。Thewatershortageinthiscountryispotentiallycatastrophic...這個(gè)國(guó)家的水資源匱乏可能會(huì)帶來災(zāi)難性的后果。30.

intense猛烈的；猛烈的，極度的Hesuddenlyfeltanintensepaininhisback.他突然覺得背部一陣劇痛。Youngpeopletodayareunderintensepressuretosucceed.如今的年輕人面臨極大的勝利壓力?！菊n標(biāo)詞匯精練】Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedofsincethebeginningoftheyear.從年初起，已有300多人餓死。Ithaslongbeenknownthatregularexerciseall-roundgoodhealth.常常運(yùn)動(dòng)能促進(jìn)全面健康，這一點(diǎn)已久為人知。ThePresident'sfinaldecisioncamewithsuddenness.總統(tǒng)之最終確定的突然性令人驚訝Thecampaignhasreceivedsupport.這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)得到廣泛支持。Hewasoffschoolforawhileandisfindingithardto.他休學(xué)了一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)在發(fā)覺要跟上很吃力。Heseemstobetocolds-hejustnevergetsthem.他似乎對(duì)感冒具有免疫力——他從不感冒。Itisbecomingclearthatthisproblemwillnotbeeasilysolved.越來越明顯的是,這個(gè)問題不會(huì)輕易解決。toleadisknowntodamagethebrainsofyoungchildren.眾所周知，接觸鉛對(duì)幼兒的大腦有害。Itistogetmedicalsuppliestotheareaassoonaspossible.要盡快把藥品送往該地區(qū)，這至關(guān)重要。Forsomeonewhocan'tread,shoppingisbynomeansamatter.對(duì)于不識(shí)字的人來說，購(gòu)物決不是一件簡(jiǎn)潔的事情,IcouldhavetriedharderbutIstilldon'tthinkallthiscriticismisfair.不行否認(rèn)，我原來可以再努力些。盡管如此，我認(rèn)為這些指責(zé)也并非完全公道。Ithinkhequitealotwhenhiswifelefthim.我想他妻子離開他時(shí)，他肯定很苦痛。Isthereanyscientificthataperson'scharacterisreflectedintheirhandwriting?一個(gè)人的筆跡反映其性格的說法有甚么科學(xué)憑據(jù)呢？Theytriedtothememoryfromtheirminds.他們?cè)噲D驅(qū)走心中的記憶。Thesevirusesaffectchildrenandarehighly.這些病毒會(huì)侵襲兒童，而且具有很強(qiáng)的傳染性。Thegovernmentshouldincometaxforthelow-paid.政府應(yīng)當(dāng)取消低收入者的所得稅。Weareaimingourcampaignatyoungpeople.我們的促銷宣揚(yáng)是特地針對(duì)年輕人的。AlthoughEurope'seconomywasgrowing,itwasfallingbehind.盡管歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)也在增長(zhǎng)，但相對(duì)而言是落后了。She'salreadyhadtothreepainfuloperationsonherleg.她已經(jīng)承受了三次腿部手術(shù)的巨大苦痛。sportsencouragechildrentoworktogetherasateam.競(jìng)技體育激勵(lì)孩子們的團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作精神。Atlasttheywereabletofeelaboutthefuture.

他們最終覺得不必為將來而擔(dān)憂了。Ithinkweshouldputasmuchonpreventingdiseaseaswedooncuringit.我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)當(dāng)像重視治療一樣重視疾病的預(yù)防。Theministerwarnedthatifwarbrokeout,itwouldbeforthewholeworld.這位部長(zhǎng)警告說，萬(wàn)一爆發(fā)斗爭(zhēng)，那對(duì)全世界都將是場(chǎng)災(zāi)難。Thejobdemandsconcentration.這項(xiàng)工作要求高度用心。Educatingnewdriversisimportantfortheofaccidents.培訓(xùn)新司機(jī)對(duì)預(yù)防事故很重要。levelsareunlikelytorisesignificantlybeforetheendofnextyear.在明年年底之前就業(yè)率很難有大幅度提升。Hetriedtomethatmymotherwouldbeokay.他試圖勸慰我，說我母親不會(huì)有事的。They'redoingclinicalonanewdrug.他們正在對(duì)一種新藥進(jìn)行臨床試驗(yàn)。Theresponsibilitylieswiththosewhobreakthelaw.主要的責(zé)任在于那些違法者。Manyparentsfeeltotalkopenlywiththeirchildren.許多父母都不情愿和兒女們敞快樂扉交談。Keys:Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedofstarvationsincethebeginningoftheyear.Ithaslongbeenknownthatregularexercisepromotesall-roundgoodhealth.ThePresident'sfinaldecisioncamewithstunningsuddenness.4.Thecampaignhasreceivedwidespreadsupport.5.Hewasoffschoolforawhileandisfindingithardtocatchup.6.Heseemstobeimmunetocolds-hejustnevergetsthem.7.Itisbecomingincreasinglyclearthatthisproblemwillnotbeeasilysolved.8.Exposuretoleadisknowntodamagethebrainsofyoungchildren.9.Itisvitaltogetmedicalsuppliestotheareaassoonaspossible.10.Forsomeonewhocan'tread,shoppingisbynomeansastraightforwardmatter.11.Admittedly,IcouldhavetriedharderbutIstilldon'tthinkallthiscriticismisfair.12.Ithinkhesufferedquitealotwhenhiswifelefthim.13.Isthereanyscientificevidencethataperson'scharacterisreflectedintheirhandwriting?14.Theytriedtobanishthememoryfromtheirminds.15.Thesevirusesaffectchildrenandarehighlyinfectious.16.Thegovernmentshouldabolishincometaxforthelow-paid.17.Weareaimingourcampaignspecificallyatyoungpeople.18.AlthoughEurope'seconomywasgrowing,itwasfallingbehindrelatively.19.She'salreadyhadtoendurethreepainfuloperationsonherleg.20.Competitivesportsencouragechildrentoworktogetherasateam.21.Atlasttheywereabletofeelsecureaboutthefuture.

22.Ithinkweshouldputasmuchemphasisonpreventingdiseaseaswedooncuringit.23.Theministerwarnedthatifwarbrokeout,itwouldbecatastrophicforthewholeworld.24.Thejobdemandsintenseconcentration.25.Educatingnewdriversisimportantforthepreventionofaccidents.26.Employmentlevelsareunlikelytorisesignificantlybeforetheendo