作文升級：外刊文章分析對比（10）講義 高三上學期英語作文復習專項

與沒有經(jīng)歷過橫向調(diào)動的員工相比，經(jīng)歷過橫向調(diào)動的員工更有可能獲得晉升，并在職業(yè)生涯后期享受更高的工資增長。公司的高層往往由能力廣泛而非深厚的人組成，這或許可以解釋為什么橫向調(diào)動有利于晉升前景。你寫的Comparedtoemployeeswhodidn'texperiencehorizontalmoves,thosewhoexperiencedthisaremorelikelytobepromotedandtoenjoyhigherwagegrowthlaterintheircareers.Thetoppositionsofcompaniestendtobefilledbypeoplewhoseabilitiesarebroadbutnotdeep,whichmayexplainwhyhorizontalmovesaregoodforpromotionprospects.外刊的Employeeswhoexperiencedlateralmovesweremorelikelytobepromotedandtoenjoyhigherwagegrowthlaterintheircareersthanemployeeswhodidnot.Thehigherechelonsofcompaniestendtobepopulatedbypeoplewhosecapabilitiesarebroad,notdeep;thatmayexplainwhylateralmovesaregoodforpromotionprospects.句型部分1.與沒有經(jīng)歷過橫向調(diào)動的員工相比，經(jīng)歷過橫向調(diào)動的員工更有可能獲得晉升，并在職業(yè)生涯后期享受更高的工資增長。Comparedtoemployeeswhodidn'texperiencehorizontalmoves,thosewhoexperiencedthisaremorelikelytobepromotedandtoenjoyhigherwagegrowthlaterintheircareers.→Employeeswhoexperiencedlateralmovesweremorelikelytobepromotedandtoenjoyhigherwagegrowthlaterintheircareersthanemployeeswhodidnot.比較結(jié)構(gòu)的省略外刊作者使用了than連接的比較結(jié)構(gòu)，并對than后邊的部分進行省略。未省略前的句子是：Employeeswhoexperiencedlateralmoves……thanemployeeswhodidnotexperiencelateralmoves.今天介紹兩種比較結(jié)構(gòu)的省略。第一類的謂語動詞是be動詞:MaryistallerthanLucyistall.→MaryistallerthanLucyistall.Maryissmarterthanyouaresmart.→Maryissmarterthanyouaresmart.由此可見，例1中兩處劃線部分相同，則第二處劃線部分可全部去掉；例2中劃線部分的be動詞不同，則保留be動詞。第二類的謂語動詞是實義動詞：MaryreadsbooksmorethanLucyreadsbooks.→MaryreadsbooksmorethanLucydoes.Maryplaysgamesmorethanyouplaygames.→Maryplaygamesmorethanyoudo.由此可見，兩處劃線部分不管是否完全一致，都會在省略后加一個助動詞do。為什么要這樣呢?看看下面這個句子：Ihatehimmorethanyouhatehim.如果因為兩處劃線部分相同，而去掉第二處劃線部分，句子則會變成Ihatehimmorethanyou.(比起你我更恨他。)句意就改變了,因此要寫成Ihatehimmorethanyoudo.2.公司的高層往往由能力廣泛而非深厚的人組成，這或許可以解釋為什么橫向調(diào)動有利于晉升前景。Thetoppositionsofcompaniestendtobefilledbypeoplewhoseabilitiesarebroadbutnotdeep,whichmayexplainwhyhorizontalmovesaregoodforpromotionprospects.→Thehigherechelonsofcompaniestendtobepopulatedbypeoplewhosecapabilitiesarebroad,notdeep;thatmayexplainwhylateralmovesaregoodforpromotionprospects.分號的使用分號用于連接兩個關(guān)系緊密，結(jié)構(gòu)獨立的句子。它的意思同等于輕度的and,but,because等等。例:。Ineededtoopenthewindowandgetsomefreshair;Ineededtodosomechorestomakemyhouseclean.(我需要打開窗戶，呼吸一些新鮮空氣；我需要做一些家務，讓家里變得干凈。)并列關(guān)系。Youshootmedown;Iwon'tfall.(你開槍打我，我不會倒下。)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。Wecangotothemuseumtodosomeresearch;Mondaysareprettyquietthere.(我們可以去博物館做一些研究；周一那里很安靜。)因果關(guān)系原文里學生習作使用which從句也是完全可以的。外刊作者使用了分號，便可以把前面的broad和notdeep用逗號分離開，強調(diào)了重要信息notdeep(高層管理者額知識面在廣丕在深)。如果使用which從句或者and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，就會變成capabilitiesarebroad,notdeep,andthatmayexplain逗號太多,結(jié)構(gòu)太松散了。措辭部分1.與沒有經(jīng)歷過橫向調(diào)動的員工相比，經(jīng)歷過橫向調(diào)動的員工更有可能獲得晉升，并在職業(yè)生涯后期享受更高的工資增長。Comparedtoemployeeswhodidn'texperiencehorizontalmoves,thosewhoexperiencedthisaremorelikelytobepromotedandtoenjoyhigherwagegrowthlaterintheircareers.→Employeeswhoexperiencedlateralmovesweremorelikelytobepromotedandtoenjoyhigherwagegrowthlaterintheircareersthanemployeeswhodidnot.橫向調(diào)動horizontalmoves→lateralmoveshorizontal水平的在這里用也還行l(wèi)ateral['l?t?r?l]adj.橫向的;往一側(cè)的這兩個單詞若修飾movement,horizontal強調(diào)移動方向是橫向而必須平行沒有傾斜；而lateral只強調(diào)移動的方向是橫向。對比：。thehorizonalmovement(平移)。Thelateralmovementofthebridgewasbetweenfourandsixinches.(大橋的橫向移動范圍在4到6英寸之間。)因此這里使用lateral就足夠了,horizontal的意思反而多了。2.公司的高層往往由能力廣泛而非深厚的人組成，這或許可以解釋為什么橫向調(diào)動有利于晉升前景。Thetoppositionsofcompaniestendtobefilledbypeoplewhoseabilitiesarebroadbutnotdeep,whichmayexplainwhyhorizontalmovesaregoodforpromotionprospects.→Thehigherechelonsofcompaniestendtobepopulatedbypeoplewhosecapabilitiesarebroad,notdeep;thatmayexplainwhylateralmovesaregoodforpromotionprospects.公司的高層Thetoppositionsofcompanies→Thehigherechelonsofcompaniesechelons[?ε??l?nz]n.=arankinanorganization梯隊用這個詞立刻就產(chǎn)生階層畫面感了。upperechelonshigherechelons例句：。Sheencourageswomentoreachthehigherechelonsofthescientificestablishment.(她鼓勵女性攀登到科學機構(gòu)的更高階層。)。85%ofthemembersbelongstotheupperechelonsofsocietyfigures.(85%的會員都是屬于社會的上層人物。)能力abilities→capabilitiesability更泛指,例如:Contestantsweregroupedaccordingtoageandability.(參賽者按年齡和能力分組。)同時更通俗，例如：Shehadtheabilitytoexplainthingsclearlyandconcisely.(她有能力簡明扼要地解釋事情。)capability更特指，通常指完成某個特定事項所需要的能力,例如:thecapabilitytobecomeanactor(成為演員的能力)thecapabilitytosolveadvancedmathproblems(解決高數(shù)題的能力)同時格局更大，用于公司、組織、國家層面的東西。例如：thenuclearcapabilityofacountry(一個國家的核能力）詞匯horizontal[?h?rI'z?ntl]adj.水平的lateral['l?t?r?l]adj.橫向的;側(cè)面的promote[pr?'m??t]v.晉升prospects['pr?spekts]n.前景echelons[?ε??l?nz]n.梯隊populate['p?pj?le?t]v.居住于(這里=fillwithpeople)capability[?ke?p?'b?l?ti]n.特定的能力復習與沒有經(jīng)歷過橫向調(diào)動的員工相比，經(jīng)歷過橫向調(diào)動的員工更有可能獲得晉升，并在職業(yè)生涯后期享受更高的工資增長。公司的高層往往由能力廣泛而非深厚的人組成，這或許可以解釋為什么橫向調(diào)動有利于晉升前景。Employeeswhoexperiencedlateralmovesweremorelikelytobep