2022年陜西省渭南市大荔縣高一下學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測英語試題

渭南市大荔縣2021-2022學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測英語注意事項：1.本試卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。2.選擇題用2B鉛筆將正確答案涂寫在答題卡上；非選擇題用0.5mm黑色墨水簽字筆答在答題卡的指定答題區(qū)域內(nèi)，超出答題區(qū)域答案無效。3.答題前，請將姓名、考號、試卷類型按要求涂寫在答題卡上。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項。AForthousandsofyears,wehavelookedforwaystomeasuretime.Earlyhumansfoundthattheregularmovementsofthesun,theearth>themoon,andthestarsmadegoodwaystomeasuretime.Therisingandsettingofthesunwereusedtodistinguish（辨別）dayfromnight.But,eventually,peopleneededtotelltimemoreaccurately,orexactly.So,byusingthesun’spositioninthesky,theydividedthedayintodawn,morning,middayandevening.Thenitwasnotedthatthesuncastachangingshadowasitmovedacrossthesky.Timecouldbetoldmoreaccuratelybysettingupastickandmarkingthepositionsofthesun’sshadow.ItwastheancientGreekswhodividedeachpositionofthis“sundial（日規(guī)）”intohours.Butthesundoesn’talwaysshine.So,forthepast6,000years,manyotherwaysofkeepingtimehavebeentried.Slow-burningcandlesweredividedintohours,andthehourglasswasinvented.Whenallthesandinthetopofanhourglasshasshiftedtothebottom,anhourhaspassed.Later,thependulum（擺鐘）,withitsregularback-and-forthmovementofweights,wasusedtomovethehandsonaclock.Pendulumsarestillusedingrandfatherclocks.Today,evenmoreaccurateclocksareinuse,suchasbattery-operatedquartzclocks（石英鐘）,digitalclocks,andclocksrunbyelectricaltuningforksandtinyatoms.Theseatomicclocksarethemostaccurateclockseverinvented.Theexacttimecanbekepttowithin1secondacentury.21.Humansintheolddaysused__________________totelldayfromnight.A.atomicclocks B.battery-operatedquartzclocksC.therisingandsettingofthesun D.digitalclocks22.Asundialworksby__________________.A.trackingthemovementofthestarsaroundthesunB.watchingthestarsC.burningcandlesinthesunlightD.markingashadowcastbythemovingsun23.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTusedinthepasttomeasuretime?A.Anhourglass. B.Digitalclocks. C.Asundial. D.Apendulum.BThe“24solarterms（節(jié)氣）”originatedandwasfirstlyusedinChina.Itwascreatedthousandsofyearsagoonthebasisofpracticalneedsofagriculture.AncientChinesepeopleusedittoguideagricultureproduction,specialclimatesignsandevenhealthylivingtips.Lastyear,the24solartermswasaddedtoUNESCO’sworldculturalheritage（遺產(chǎn)）list.Now,ithasbeenbroughttolifethankstoacreativedesignerfromSouthwestChina’sGuizhouprovince.Ontheeveofthisyear’sQingmingFestival,ShiChanghongreleased（發(fā)布）hisversionofreproducedandpackagedcharactersforeachsolartermintheformof“movingart”ofgifs.SincetheirfirstreleaseonZcoolonMarch29,thegifshavewongreatpraiseamongthegeneralpublicandquicklyfloodedsocialmediawithmillionsofhits（點擊）duringthefestivalperiod.Tomaximizepublicity,Shireleasedhisworkinthreeforms:video,animationandpicture.Thebackgroundsoundsaddtothebrilliance.“WhenIwatchtheshortvideo,IcanstronglyfeeltheChinese-styleelementshiddeninthem.AnditisreallycooltolivenupChinesetraditionalcultureinsuchauniqueway.”WeChatuserXiaoFeifeisaid.“Itisreallyacomforttometoseesomanypeoplelikemylatestwork.Tobehonest,itwouldreallysurprisemeiftheworkdoesnotarousegreatinterestamongChinesepeople.The24solaritemsisadeeplyrootedconceptthatcoverstheessenceofChinesewisdom.However,onlyasmallportionofpeopleknowallthenamesorthecorrectorderofthoseterms.MyintentionistoincreaseChinesepeople’sself-awarenesstolearnmoreaboutourtraditionalfineculture.Actually,the24solaritemsworkisonlyapartofmywholedesignprogram‘CharmChina’,whichIstartedoverayearago.”ShitoldChinaDaily.24.Whichpartofthenewspaperdoesthetextprobablybelongto?A.Travel. B.Agriculture. C.Culture. D.Education.25.Whatdoyouthinktheunderlinedword“Zcool”referto?A.Newspaper. B.Website. C.RadioBroadcast. D.Magazine.26.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtotext?A.Mostoldpeopleknowallthenamesofthecorrectorderofthe24solarterms.B.ItreallysurprisedShiChanghongtoseesomanypeoplelikehislatestwork.C.Thebackgroundsoundsoftheworkmakethevideomoreattractive.D.The24solaritemsworkdesignedbyShiChanghongwasaddedtoUNESCO’sheritagelist.27.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroduceacreativedesigner. B.Tointroducethe24solaritemswork.C.Tointroducetheoriginofthe24solarterms. D.Tointroduceadesignprogram“CharmChina”.CChinaisremovingoneoftheworld’smosttrafficked（非法買賣）animals,thepangolin,fromitslistofanimalsusedfortraditionalmedicine.Pangolins,despitebeingcoveredinscales（鱗片）,growtoaroundthesizeofahousecat.Theirscalesaremadeofkeratin——thesamematerialfoundinfingernails.Theyusethosescalestoprotectthemselvesfromenemiesinthewild,butinAsia,thesesamescalesaretradedformedicine.Tensofthousandsarekilledeveryyear,andonemillionpangolinsarebelievedtohavebeentraffickedbetween2000and2013.Lastyear,authoritiesseizedmorethan130tonsofpangolin-relatedproducts,afigurebelievedtorepresentasmanyas400,000oftheanimals,accordingtoWildAidconservationgroup.ThereareeightspeciesofpangolinfoundacrossAsiaandAfrica.ThreeofthosearelistedasseriouslyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature（IUCN）:theChinesepangolin,thePhilippinepangolinandtheSundapangolin.Theremainingfivearelistedaseithervulnerableorendangered.Now,threespecies——theChinese,SundaandIndianpangolin——havebeenaffordedthesameprotectioninChinaastheGiantPandaandhavebeenupgradedfromClassIItothehighestClassIprotection.There’sapunishmentof10yearsofimprisonmentforanyonecaughthunting,killingortradingthem.TheannouncementwasmadeinJune.TheChinesegovernmenthasalsoannouncedplanstorecoverthediminishingpopulationsbyimprovingfieldpatrols（巡邏）andpushinghabitatrecoveryefforts.“ItisgreatnewsthatChinahasmovedveryquicklytocloselivewildlifemarkets,”saidWildAidCEOPeterKnights.A“Wehopethisbringsanendtolegalsalesofpangolinscalesassoonaspossible.”28.Whyarepangolinsseriouslytrafficked?A.Forpets. B.Forfood. C.Forclothes. D.Formedicine.29.WhatcanweknowabouttheIndianpangolin?A.Theyarelikeanadultdoginsize. B.TheyhavegotClassIprotectioninChina.C.400,000ofthemwerekilledlastyear. D.TheyarelistedasseriouslyendangeredbyIUCN.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminishing”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Frightening. B.Encouraging. C.Rising. D.Falling.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SeriousPangolinTradeintheWorld B.ChinaHasClosedLiveWildlifeMarketsC.Pangolins——theMostEndangeredAnimals D.ChinaHasStartedProtectingPangolinsDMarkTwainwasagreatwriter.HewasfromtheUSA.Hewasbornin1835.Hewasalsoafamousspeaker.Hewasfamousforhissenseofhumor.Manypeoplelikedtolistentohimtalkbecausehelikedtotellsomeinterestingstoriestomakepeoplelaughallthetime.OnedayMarkTwainwasgoingtoasmalltownbecauseofhiswriting.Beforehewasgoingtoleave,oneofhisfriendssaidtohimthattherewerealwaysalotofmosquitoesinthetownandtoldhimthathe’dbetternotgothere.MarkTwainwaved（搖動）hishandandsaid，“Itdoesn’tmatter.Themosquitoesarenotrelativesofmine.Idon’tthinktheywillcometovisitme.”Afterhearrivedatthetown,MarkTwainstayedinasmallhotelnearthestation.Hewentintohisroom,butwhenhewasjustabouttohavearest,quiteafewmosquitoesflewabouthim.Thewaitersfeltverysorryaboutthat.“I’mverysorry,Mr.MarkTwain.Therearetoomanymosquitoesinourtown.”O(jiān)neofthemsaidtohim.MarkTwain,however,madeajoke,sayingtothewaiter,“Themosquitoesareveryclever.Theyknowmyroomnumber.Theydidn’tcomeintothewrongroom.”Whathesaidmadeallthepeoplepresentlaughheartily.ButthatnightMarkTwainsleptwell.Doyouknowwhy?Thatwasbecauseallthewaitersinthehotelweredrivingthemosquitoesawayforhimduringthewholenight.32.ThatdayMarkTwainwenttothetown___________________.A.toseeoneofhisfriendsB.toseeoneofhisrelativesC.becausehewastoldtherewerealotofmosquitoesthereD.becausehewantedtodosomethingthereforhiswriting33.Thewaitersfeltsorrybecause___________________.A.theydidsomethingwrongtoMarkTwain B.therewerequiteafewmosquitoesinMarkTwain’sroomC.theroomwasnotveryclean D.theirhotelwastoosmall34.Allthepeoplepresentlaughedheartilybecause___________________.A.MarkTwainmadeajokeB.themosquitoesknewMarkTwain’sroomnumberC.MarkTwaingavethewaiterssomenicepresentsD.themosquitoeswereverycleverandtheydidn’tcomeintothewrongroom35.Fromthestory,weknowthat___________________.A.MarkTwaindidn’thaveagoodrestthatnightB.theownertoldthewaiterstolookafterMarkTwainwellatnightC.nomosquitoestroubledMarkTwainduringthenightD.therewerenotmosquitoesinthehotelanylonger第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。AccordingtotheCDC,insufficientsleepisapublichealthproblem,withoverathirdofadultsintheU.S.gettinglessthantherecommendedseventoeighthourspernight.36Yourbraindoesn’tworkaswell.Whenyoudon’tgetadequatesleep,ittakesatollonyourbraintofunction.“MRIimagingshowslackofsleepreducesbloodflowtoareasofthebrainthatcontrolhigherlevelthoughtprocesses.”saysRichardShane,abehavioralsleepspecialist.“Itimpairsyourproblem-solvingabilities,anddecreasesconstructivethinkingskillsandlogicalreasoning.”37You’veprobablynoticedthatyouwakeup“onthewrongsideofthebed”ifyouhaven’tgotenoughshut-eye.“Sleepdeprivationaffectsmood”Breussays.“Itmakesyouseeeverythinginamorenegativelightbecauseyouremotionsaremorevolatilewhensleepdeprived.Yourheartcouldsuffer.38Butwhathappensisthateverysysteminyourbodyisaffected,causinglong-termeffectsonyourcardiovascularhealth,includingyourriskforhighbloodpressure,heartattack,andstroke.Yourskinlookshaggard.Turnsout,“beautysleep”isarealthing,studiesshow.39Researchhasshownthatpeoplewholacksleepareconsideredlessattractive.Yougainweight.Dr.Shahsaystwospecifichormonesthatregulateeatingbehaviorareaffected.Ghrelin,whichincreasesappetite,ishighinpeoplewithsleepdeprivation.40Inordertogetbettersleep,expertsrecommendgoingtobedandwakingupatthesametimeeverydayexercisingearlierintheday,getting15minutesofsunlighttosetyourbodyclock,avoidingscreentimebeforebed,andkeepingyourbedroomdark.A.Youbecomeforgetful.B.Youfeelannoyedorburstintoangereasily.C.Yourheartmaysufferifyouoftensleeplittleinthelongterm.D.Thefollowingaretheharmsoflackofsleepthatyoushouldknow.E.Youmaythinktheonlyeffectofsleepdeprivationisthatyou’rereallytired.F.Ontheotherhand,levelsofleptin,whichlowersappetite,islowinsleep-deprivedpeople.G.Sleepplaysanimportantroleinthegenerationofcells,whichisimportantforhealingandinskinproblems.第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題：每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Lastweekend,Ihadanopportunitytoserveasavolunteeratanursinghomeinanothercity.Idon’thaveacarandeventhe（41）trainstationisfarawayfrommyhouse.（42）,Iwasn’tsurehowtogetthere.Iposteda（n）（43）forarideontherideshareboard.SoonanindividualI’dnevermet（44）thathe’dbeabletopickmeupanddropmeoffatthestation.Hesaidhe’dwaituntilmytrainarrived（45）hedroveaway.Myheart（46）andthestressI’dbeenfeelingdisappeared（47）andthusourfriendshipbegan.Iendeduparrivingatthenursinghomein（48）.Thetinyteamofserverstherewere（49）fortheadditionalhelp.Weallworkedtogetherasateam.Iwasgladtobeapartofthisandbeof（50）totheelderly.Thateveningwhenmynew（51）droppedmeoffatthestation,he（52）thatitwasinadesertedarea.Soheparkedhiscarandsaid，“Wewillwaitforthe（53）tocometogether.”Icouldn’tbelievehis（54）.Withfiveminutesleftbeforethetrainarrived,he（55）withmestoriesofhischildhood.Asayoungboy,he（56）tositneartheedgeofthetraintracks,waiting（57）forthetrainstorushbywithalltheirforce.Thatnighthewaitedwithmeasmytrain（58）.Itdidn’trushbywithfullforcebutIleftthatstation（59）thefullforceofhiskindnessandgenerosity.Peoplelikehimwouldalways（60）mehowtoloveandhowtogive.（41）A.best B.largest C.latest D.closest（42）A.Therefore B.However C.Instead D.Otherwise（43）A.excuse B.charge C.preference D.request（44）A.replied B.joked C.remembered D.pretended（45）A.when B.since C.after D.before（46）A.broke B.warmed C.sank D.changed（47）A.gradually B.immediately C.recently D.slowly（48）A.order B.return C.time D.turn（49）A.grateful B.regretful C.responsible D.sorry（50）A.interest B.service C.hope D.curiosity（51）A.clerk B.customer C.neighbor D.friend（52）A.admitted B.noticed C.heard D.intended（53）A.train B.bus C.taxi D.car（54）A.bravery B.confidence C.courage D.kindness（55）A.argued B.shared C.discussed D.compared（56）A.had B.used C.wished D.decided（57）A.unwillingly B.proudly C.embarrassedly D.excitedly（58）A.started B.passed C.stopped D.approached（59）A.doubting B.ignoring C.feeling D.wondering（60）A.warn B.remind C.expect D.promise第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Nobodywantstobeaged,but61.____________________itcomestovisitingcities,mostofuswanttovisittheworld’soldestcities.Luoyangisoneoftheoldestandmost62.____________________（attract）citiesintheworldthatI’dliketorecommendtoyou.Luoyangstandsout63.____________________theoldestcontinuallyinhabited（有人居住的）cityinAsia.Thecityisconsideredtobe64.____________________birthplaceofChinesecultureandhistoryaswellasbeingoneoftheSevenAncientCapitalsofChina.There65.____________________（be）noothercityinChinathathasseensomany66.____________________（dynasty）likeLuoyang.Withsuchalongand67.____________________（excite）history,Luoyanghasreallyalottooffer.TheLongmenGrottoes,which68.____________________（include）ontheWorldHeritageListin2000andmanyhistoricBuddhisttemplesconstantattracttouristsfromallovertheworld.LuoyangisalsofamousfortheWhiteHorseTemple,the69.____________________（early）Buddhisttemple70.____________________（build）inChina.Areyouanxioustovisitthecity?第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有1處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處；每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（/\），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。DearMandy,I’mnotdoingwellinmylessonsatschool,especialinmaths.MydadsaysImusttryhardbecausehewantsmegotouniversity.HethinksI’mlazy,butit’snottrue.Iworkreallyhard,oftenstudylateintothenight!I’vetriedtotalktomymother,butshealwayssaidIhavetoworkashardlikemybrotherdoes.Mybrotherdoesn’tstudyveryhard,andhealwaysgetsexcellentgrades.It’snotfair!TheonlythingIlikeitisart.MyteachersaysI’mthebeststudentshe’shadforyear.WhenItoldmydad,allhesaidwas,“Youmustn’twasteyourtimeinart.Youmustfocusyourmindonyourles