自考英語(yǔ)二超完整名師授課詳細(xì)筆記

/本課程的名稱為“大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程（上冊(cè)）”，它是高等教育自學(xué)考試各專業(yè)（英語(yǔ)專業(yè)除外）專科階段的公共實(shí)踐課，檢測(cè)好壞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是會(huì)不會(huì)靈活運(yùn)用這門(mén)語(yǔ)言?？荚嚧缶V規(guī)定，大學(xué)英語(yǔ)的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是“使學(xué)習(xí)者能比較熟練地掌握英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言技能，做到具有較好的閱讀能力、一定的英譯漢能力和初步的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)與漢譯英能力，為獲得專業(yè)所需要的信息與進(jìn)一步提高英語(yǔ)水平打下較扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)”。本課程包括較系統(tǒng)的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、英語(yǔ)單詞約3000個(gè)和詞組約500個(gè)，閱讀量為30000余詞。本課程的重點(diǎn)是英語(yǔ)的基本詞匯和語(yǔ)法，課程的主要目的是培養(yǎng)閱讀能力。本課程的主要考試內(nèi)容是從詞匯、語(yǔ)法、閱讀和翻譯著手的。從2000年開(kāi)始考試題型已改為如下七種：A.客觀題部分：1.單項(xiàng)選擇10%；2.完型填空10%；3.閱讀理解30%；B.主觀題部分：4.單詞拼寫(xiě)10%；5.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換10%；6.漢譯英15%；7.英譯漢15%為了幫助大家在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)、考試方面能達(dá)到事半功倍的效果，以與從我這幾年教受英語(yǔ)課程的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)看，想給大家提幾點(diǎn)建議，：第一，要勤讀、多讀。我們這里所說(shuō)的“讀”包括朗讀和閱讀，正確的發(fā)音，流利的朗讀，對(duì)于熟練掌握單詞、句子和課文，提高閱讀速度都有根本意義；第二，記牢單詞。我知道這歷來(lái)是考生們最頭疼的事情，但是我認(rèn)為只要大家有好的適合自己的方法，那么對(duì)于大綱要求的這3000詞匯來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)該只是apieceofcake(小事一莊)。發(fā)音要正確，背單詞要有計(jì)劃，讀寫(xiě)結(jié)合，注意常用詞的詞類和變化規(guī)則，記單詞要和學(xué)習(xí)課文結(jié)合起來(lái)，不能死記硬背，最后一環(huán)是和遺忘作斗爭(zhēng)的最有效手段復(fù)習(xí)。英語(yǔ)中有一句諺語(yǔ)：Romewasn’tbuiltinoneday!譯成中文是：冰凍三尺非一日之寒。記憶單詞尤應(yīng)記住它；第三點(diǎn)，學(xué)好語(yǔ)法。學(xué)語(yǔ)法的主要目的是為了用。對(duì)于英語(yǔ)教學(xué)我最擅長(zhǎng)的就是講解語(yǔ)法，一般我會(huì)將語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象融入所學(xué)課文中，讓大家感覺(jué)不是那么晦澀難懂。只有在錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象中學(xué)和用，才能真正掌握語(yǔ)法。英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)不是一句兩句就說(shuō)的完的，今后我會(huì)在教學(xué)中逐步讓大家感受到學(xué)英語(yǔ)的樂(lè)趣，它不僅僅是我們通向事業(yè)成功的一座橋梁，也將豐富大家的日常生活。但學(xué)習(xí)畢竟是件苦事，需要毅力，最后我將四個(gè)英文字母以與一句諺語(yǔ)送給我們每一位自學(xué)者：IIppInterest,Intention,patienceandpersistence.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway!(有志者事竟成！)Goodluck!下面我們開(kāi)始上課。我想在第一課開(kāi)始之前對(duì)大家提幾點(diǎn)要求：1.每人都必須有課本，即高遠(yuǎn)主編的《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程》（上）；2.每講后必須要復(fù)習(xí)、做作業(yè)；3.最好能提前看看下講的課文；4.每5個(gè)單元有測(cè)驗(yàn)，請(qǐng)大家務(wù)必認(rèn)真完成;5有問(wèn)題隨時(shí)問(wèn)，學(xué)習(xí)上不要害羞。本教程共計(jì)25個(gè)單元。每單元分A，B兩篇文章，一般A位重點(diǎn)文章，精講；B為培養(yǎng)閱讀能力的文章，略講。Unitone:TextA:HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner?Ⅰ.NewWords:1.successful:a成功的；succeedv:succeedindoingsomething做某事成功;successn;successfullyad(*)a.Shewishedhimsuccess_inhisnewjob.b.Wereyousuccessfulinfindinganewhouse?c.Ifinishedmytrainingsuccessfully.d.Hesucceedsinfindingagoodjob.2.disagree:vdisagreewithsomebody(與某人有分歧，意見(jiàn)不一致),ndisagreement,adisagreeable;反義詞：agree,agreement,agreeablee.g.Ialwaysdisagreewithhim.3.guarantee:n/v保證、擔(dān)保、保修e.g.1>.Thewatchhasatwo-yearguarantee.(n保修)2>.TheTVsetisguaranteedforoneyear.(v保修)4.intelligent:a聰明的、明智的，nintelligence聰明、智慧5.conversely:ad相反地，conversea相反的6.similar:a相似的、類似的，短語(yǔ)besimilartosth/sbinsth(*)e.g.Sheissimilarintemper(性情、脾氣)tohermother.7.independent:a獨(dú)立的、自主的，independencen獨(dú)立、自主、自立，（*）字根：depend(v):依靠、依賴，dependon/upondependence:n信賴、信任、依靠；dependent:a依靠的、需要支持的a.Whenyoubegintomakemoneyyoucanlivealifeofindependence.b.Childrendependontheirparentsforfood.c.Idon’twanttobedependentonmyparents,becauseIamanadult.8.clue:n線索、提示，常用短語(yǔ)：cluetosomething9.adult:n成年人；a成年的、成熟的a.Shecandoitherself,forsheisanadultnow.b.Hisbehaviorisn’tadult.10.conclusion:n結(jié)論、推論；vconclude.decidev決定，decisionn決定、決心11.communicate:v交流、通訊、傳播，習(xí)語(yǔ)：①communicatesthtosb:傳播某事給某人；②communicatewithsb:同某人交流名詞：communication:acommunicationsatellite通訊衛(wèi)星；acommunicationnetwork通訊網(wǎng)，telecommunication:電訊、電信，Chinatelecommunication中國(guó)電信12.inexact:a不正確的，反義詞：exactincomplete:a不完整的，反義詞：complete13.purpose:n目的、意圖，purposeful:a有目的的，蓄意的，purposefully:ad有目的地、蓄意地(*)a.Hewasaclevermanwhoseeverywordwaspurposeful.b.Weshouldusethelanguagepurposefully.c.Shediditonpurpose.14.regularly:ad經(jīng)常地、定期地，regular:a定期的15.technique:n技術(shù)、技巧，16.outline:v概括；n輪廓、大綱a.Youshouldoutlinethestorybeforeyouwriteit.b.Youcanseetheoutlineofherfaceinthelightofthecandle.Ⅱ.Intensivereading:1.Mostadultswhoarelearningasecondlanguagewoulddisagreewiththisstatement.大多數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言的成年人會(huì)不同意這種說(shuō)法的。①本句主語(yǔ)為：Mostadultswhoarelearningasecondlanguage;謂語(yǔ)為：woulddisagreewith；賓語(yǔ)為：thisstatement②主語(yǔ)中包含有一個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，定語(yǔ)從句。這是英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)非常重要的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn).顧名思義，定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該在整個(gè)句中做定語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)對(duì)比如下兩句:Heboughtaninterestingbook.(定語(yǔ))/Heboughtabookwhichisinteresting.（定語(yǔ)從句）。具體介紹該語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞后面，它需由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。通常引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有：who,whom,(一般指人),which(一般指物)，whose,that(人、物均可).關(guān)系副詞有：when(時(shí)間),where(地點(diǎn)),why(原因)。不管是關(guān)系代詞還是副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。上句中的whoarelearningasecondlanguage修飾先行詞mostadults,who是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。下面我們一起來(lái)看另幾個(gè)例句：仔細(xì)聽(tīng)我的分析！a.Themanwho/thatwillgiveusatalkhascome.b.IknowaladywhosehusbandisaNobelprizewinner.c.She’sthegirlwho/whom/thatImetattheparty.d.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.e.Didyoufindthebikethat/whichyoulost?③would此時(shí)為助動(dòng)詞，表示“可能，將會(huì)”。④需掌握的短語(yǔ)：disagreewithsbabout/onsthe.g.Hedisagreeswithhiswifeabouttheeducationoftheirson.2.Theyneedhundredsofhoursofstudyandpractice…h(huán)undredsof:幾百，當(dāng)hundred,thousand,million用作不確定數(shù)目時(shí)，需用復(fù)數(shù)形式，并加介詞of;當(dāng)它們用作確定的數(shù)目時(shí)，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g.fivehundredpeople;hundredsofpeople3.Languagelearningisdifferentfromotherkindsoflearning.譯：語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)不同于其他種類的學(xué)習(xí)。短語(yǔ)：bedifferentfrom:與…不同4.Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfieldsfinditdifficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning.(*)譯：有些人很聰明，在他們自己的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域很有成就，但發(fā)現(xiàn)很難成功地學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言。①本句主語(yǔ)Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfields，謂語(yǔ)find，賓語(yǔ)difficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning，it語(yǔ)法上稱作形式賓語(yǔ):當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，常將它移后在空出的位置上用it代替。②包含定語(yǔ)從句whoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfields，修飾先行詞somepeople,who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。③需掌握的習(xí)語(yǔ)：beintelligentandsuccessfulinone’sfield;succeedinsth/doingsth5.Conversely,somepeoplewhoareverysuccessfullanguagelearnersfinditdifficulttosucceedinotherfields.(相反地…)這句話意思和結(jié)構(gòu)與上句相似，口頭分析。6.Languagelearningresearchshowsthatsuccessfullanguagelearnersaresimilarinmanyways.(*)譯：語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)研究顯示成功的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者在許多方面都是相似的。①本句主語(yǔ)Languagelearningresearch；謂語(yǔ)：shows；賓語(yǔ)：that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。在賓語(yǔ)從句中successfullanguagelearners是主語(yǔ)；are是系動(dòng)詞；similarinmanyways是表語(yǔ)②重要短語(yǔ)besimilar(tosb/sth)insth在…方面與某人/某事相似7.Insteadofwaitingfortheteacherstoexplain,theytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.(*)譯：不是等這老師解釋，而是自己努力去發(fā)現(xiàn)各種句型和規(guī)則。①Insteadofwaitingfortheteacherstoexplain,介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)：they；謂語(yǔ)：trytofind；賓語(yǔ)：thepatternsandtherulesforthemselves②介詞of后的動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞waiting③短語(yǔ)：insteadofsth;waitforsbtodosth;trytodosth;8.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.(*)譯：他們尋找說(shuō)這種語(yǔ)言的人，當(dāng)他們說(shuō)錯(cuò)時(shí)就請(qǐng)這些人幫助指正。①這是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句，其中有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句whospeakthelanguage，修飾先行詞people;有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句whentheymakeamistake②correct:v指正、糾正，短語(yǔ)：makeamistake犯錯(cuò)誤9.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings.譯：他們不害怕重復(fù)他們聽(tīng)到的或說(shuō)一些奇怪的東西。①whattheyhear是repeat的賓語(yǔ)從句②afraid的用法：beafraidofsth;beafraidtodosth;beafraidthat從句a.Sheisafraidtogooutaloneatnight.b.Iamafraidofsnake.c.He’safraidthathe’llbelateforclass.10.Whencommunicationisdifficult,theycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.譯：當(dāng)交流困難時(shí)，他們會(huì)接受不準(zhǔn)確或不完整的信息。本句中包含一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Whencommunicationisdifficult，一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句thatisinexactorincomplete，修飾先行詞information，在從句中that作主語(yǔ)。11.It’smoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.(*)譯：對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)會(huì)用所學(xué)的語(yǔ)言來(lái)思考比學(xué)會(huì)每個(gè)單詞的意思更重要。①it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式tolearntothinkinthelanguage.原句語(yǔ)序應(yīng)是：Forthemtolearntothinkinthelanguageismoreimportantthantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.用形式主語(yǔ)的目的是因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ阶髦髡Z(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，為避免句子頭重腳輕，用it代替真正的主語(yǔ)。e.g.FormanypeopletolearnEnglishwellisverydifficult.=It’sverydifficultformanypeopletolearnEnglishwell②短語(yǔ)：learntodosth學(xué)會(huì)做…;moreimportantthan…更重要12.It’snecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.=Forthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthemarenecessary譯：對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)會(huì)這種語(yǔ)言以便同這些人交流并向他們學(xué)習(xí)是非常必要的①這句話較復(fù)雜，it作形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式是真正的主語(yǔ)，inordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem我們稱作目的狀語(yǔ)②短語(yǔ)：inordertodosth;communicatewithsb;learnfromsb:向…學(xué)習(xí)13.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.譯：因?yàn)樗麄兿雽W(xué)會(huì)這種語(yǔ)言，所以他們發(fā)現(xiàn)不斷地練習(xí)實(shí)際應(yīng)用這種語(yǔ)言是容易的。①it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)topracticeusingthelanguageregularly，原因狀語(yǔ)從句becausetheywanttolearnwithit.②practice是動(dòng)詞,英式英語(yǔ)拼寫(xiě)形式是practise,美式英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和名詞拼寫(xiě)都是practice.作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面只能用動(dòng)名詞，如：practicespeakingthelanguageeveryday.(4段2行)14.Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.(*)譯：如果你是一名成功的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者，你大概一直在獨(dú)立地、主動(dòng)地、目的明確地學(xué)習(xí)。①if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主句中的havebeenlearning是動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作從以前開(kāi)始一直不間斷地進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在。②三個(gè)副詞：independently,actively,andpurposefully要會(huì)拼寫(xiě)。15.ontheotherhand,ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmightdowelltotrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.譯：另一方面來(lái)說(shuō)，如果你的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)一直不太成功，你不妨試試上面提到的一些學(xué)習(xí)技巧。①Ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。②短語(yǔ)：ontheotherhand:另一方面來(lái)說(shuō);lessthansuccessful:不太成功;mightdowelltodosth:表示一種委婉語(yǔ)氣，不妨…，最好….e.g.Youmightdowelltotakethedoctor’sadvice.That’sallforthislecture,andlet’scontinuetolearnthisunitnexttime.Don’tforgettoreviewwhatwehavelearnt.ok,seeyouthen!ThesecondlectureofCollegeEnglishHi,everyone!Areyousatisfiedwiththefirstlecture?Todaywe’llcontinuetolearnunitone.Ⅰ.Reviewsomethinginlectureone:A.Usefulphrases:1.disagreewith…(2段1行);2.hundredsof(2段3行);3.bedifferentfrom…(3段1行);4.succeedinsth…(3段3行);5.asmuchasyoucan(4段2行);6.practicedoingsth(4段2行);7.trytodo…(4段4行);8.similarinsth…(5段2行);9.firstofall(6段1行);10.dependon(6段2行);11.insteadofsth/doingsth(6段3行);12.waitsbtodo…(6段3行);13.learnfromsth/sb(6段7行);14.makeamistake(7段4行);15.beafraidtodo(7段5行);16.bewillingtodo…(7段6行);17.beinterestedinsth(8段2行);18.inorderto(8段4行);19.communicatewithsb(8段4行);20.ontheotherhand(9段3行);21.mightdowelltodosth(9段4行)B.Someimportantwords:1.successful;2.disagree;3.statement;4.guarantee;5.intelligent;6.conversely;7.similar;8.independent;9.conclusion;10.communicate;communication;11.purpose,purposefully;12.regularly;13.technique;14.outline.C.Keytopartexercises:(frompage8to12)一、課文練習(xí)：Ⅰ.d,a,c,d,d;Ⅱ.1.task;2.intelligent;3.tudy;4.clue;5.conclusion;6.repeat;7.communication;8.purpose;9.probably;10.outlineⅢ.1.Insteadof;2.therefore;3.more…than;4.even;5.firstofall;6.because;7.ontheotherhand;8.finally;9.lookingfor;10.converselyⅣ.1.見(jiàn)課文；2.Languagelearningisactivelearning.Learnersshouldtakeadvantageofeverychancetousethelanguage.3.Languagelearningshouldbeactive,independentandpurposeful.4.見(jiàn)一講作業(yè)。5.Theteachersoftenpassontheirsuccessfulexperienceinlanguagelearningtous.二、詞匯練習(xí)：Ⅰ.1.2.4.見(jiàn)一講詞匯講解部分；3.cover:v覆蓋；uncover:v揭開(kāi)，為cover的反義詞；discover:v發(fā)現(xiàn)，同義詞：find,習(xí)題答案為：covered;uncover;discoveredⅡ.1.inexact;2.technique;3.outlined;4.communicate;5.regularly;6.clue;7.intelligent;8.incomplter;9.similar;10.statementⅢ.1.disagree;2.independent;3.incomplete;4.inexact;5.uncover/discoverⅣ.1,3,4,見(jiàn)一講作業(yè)3,4,5題。2見(jiàn)課文5.Weshouldlearnsomethingnewindependently,activelyandpurposefully.Ⅱ.TextB:要求作一般了解，屬閱讀理解課文，對(duì)于textB的文章來(lái)說(shuō)，雖然較A篇稍長(zhǎng)，但難度稍低，檢測(cè)閱讀結(jié)果的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是能夠獨(dú)立地完成課后的習(xí)題。A.Somenewwords:1.instance:asinglefact,event,example.例子、實(shí)例，常用短語(yǔ)forinstance，例如。2.waiter:apersonwhoservesfoodatthetablesinarestaurant(男性)，waitress女服務(wù)員、女招待3.traveler:apersonwhogoesfromplacetoplace,esp.toafarawayplacetravel:v旅游4.primitive:adj原始的：oftheearliesttimesoflifeorofman5.exact反義詞inexact6.consist;v短語(yǔ)：consistof組成e.g.Myclassconsistsof20students.7.simply:adv,simpleadj簡(jiǎn)單的B.Somelanguagepoints:1.notonly…butalso…不但…而且，并列連詞。(連接兩個(gè)并列成分)e.g.⑴Ihopetobenotonlyyourteacher,butalsoyourgoodfriend.⑵…,wecandoitnotonlywiththehelpofwords,butalsoinmanyotherways.2.neither…nor:既不…也不，并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列成分。e.g.⑴Autumnisagoodseason.It’sneitherhotnorcold.⑵peoplewhocanneitherhearnorspeaktalktoeachotherwiththehelpoftheirfingers.3.Heenteredarestaurantandsatatatable.(坐在桌旁)4.inthisway:介詞短語(yǔ)，用這種方法e.g.IlearnEnglishbymyself.Inthisway,IhavefinallygotthediplomaofEnglishmajor.5.TheEnglishmanwhowasveryhungrybythistimeandnotatallthirstylookedverysad.a.本句包含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，whowasveryhungrybythistimeandnotatallthirsty修飾先行詞TheEnglishman。b.短語(yǔ)：bythistime到此時(shí)為止；notatall根本不…6.Wordsconsistofsounds,buttherearemanysoundswhichhaveameaningandyetarenotwords.譯：語(yǔ)言是由聲音組成的，但具有一定意義的聲音并不都是話語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)：consistof,句子結(jié)構(gòu)中包含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。Keytothepartexercises:page16:T,F,T,F,T,F,F,F,T,F.Unit2TextA:Taxes,Taxes,andMoreTaxesMainideaaboutthetext:weknowthatthetaxesintheUnitedStatesarethehighestintheworld.Almosteveryoneneedpaytaxesonmanythings.TherearethreelevelsofgovernmentintheUnitedStates,sotherearethreetypesoftaxes;theyareforthefederalgovernment,stategovernment,andcitygovernment.EvensomeAmericansthinkthattheyareworkingonedayeachweekjusttopaytheirtaxes.A.Newwords:1.tax:n稅；vt對(duì)…征稅a.Everycitizenhastherighttopaytaxtoourcountry.b.Myincomeistaxedatsource.(我的收入已扣除了所得稅。)2.generally:adv一般地、通常，同義詞：usually,常用語(yǔ)：generallyspeaking,generaladj3.type:n類型、種類；v打字a.Whattypeofteadoyouprefer?Greentea.b.Shetypedtheletterquicklyandwell.4.salary:n工資，salaried:adj拿工資的5.earn:v掙錢(qián)、賺錢(qián)，earningsn賺得的錢(qián)6.percentage:n百分比、百分率；percentn前用數(shù)詞(*)a.Morethantenpercentofthestudentsdidn’tcometoday.b.Alargepercentageofschoolbooksnowhavepictures.c.Iamahundredpercentsurethathewillcome.7.vary:v變化、改變；variedadj有變化的、多樣的(*)a.Holidayjobsaremanyandvaried.b.peoplevaryverymuchintheirideasofmanythings.(注意介詞in的用法)c.pricesoffruitvaryfromseasontoseason.8.sale:n出售，sellv出售9.charge:v收費(fèi)、控告a.Howmuchdoyouchargeforrepairingmyshoes?b.Hewaschargedwiththeguiltyofmurder.10.addition:n加法、附加物；addv增加；additionaladj額外的、增加的(*)a.Shealwaysaddssugartohertea.b.Heearned1000dollarsinadditiontohissalary.c.Wewillneedadditionalhelptodothework.11.confuse:v使混亂、混淆；confused,confusingadj;confusionn(*)a.Ifyoutrytolearntoomanythingsatatime,youmaygetconfused.b.Thisisaconfusingwordbecauseithastwomeanings.c.Doyouthinkthiswillcausemuchconfusion?d.Theyconfusedmebyaskingsomanyquestions.11.complain:v抱怨，常跟介詞of,about.complaint:n抱怨、投訴（*）a.Studentsalwayscomplainabouttoomuchhomework.b.Shecomplainedthattheexamwastoohard.c.Heusedtocomplainbitterlyofhisbadmemory.(訴說(shuō)有病)d.Thereisnoreasonforcomplaint.12.useless:adj無(wú)用的，反義詞useful;careful→careless;helpful→helpless;hopeful→hopelessetc.13.impractical:adj不切實(shí)際的，反義詞practical;practicev實(shí)踐、實(shí)際14.program:n計(jì)劃、節(jié)目、程序；v編程序15.tend:v易于、傾向于，tendencyn趨勢(shì)、傾向a.peopletendtogetfatastheygrowolder.b.pricescontinuetoshowanupwardtendency.(物價(jià)呈持續(xù)上升趨勢(shì)。)B.Intensivereading:1.Americansoftensaythatthereareonlytwothingsapersoncanbesureofinlife:deathandtaxes.(*)譯：美國(guó)人常說(shuō)，一個(gè)人一生中只有兩件事可以肯定會(huì)發(fā)生：死亡和納稅。分析：主語(yǔ)：Americans；謂語(yǔ)：say；that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，還包含有一個(gè)省略了關(guān)聯(lián)代詞的定語(yǔ)從句，apersoncanbesureinlife修飾twothings.當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？墒÷?。e.g.1>.Thewatchthat/which/省略Ifoundinthelibraryishis.（why?）2>.Thegirlwho/whom/that/省略youmetatthepartyismysister.請(qǐng)?jiān)囍g句子：1你一直在找的那個(gè)人來(lái)了。2昨天我媽給我的錢(qián)已經(jīng)被偷走了。Answer:1.Themanwho/whom/that/省略youhavebeenlookingforhascome.2.Themoneythat/which/省略mymothergavemeyesterdaywasstolen.短語(yǔ)；besureof:對(duì)…確信、確定e.g.Wecanbesureofhishonesty.2.Americansdon’thaveacorneronthedeathmarket,butmanypeoplefeelthattheUnitedStatesleadstheworldwiththeworsttaxes.(*)譯：美國(guó)人并不壟斷“死亡”市場(chǎng)，但很多人感到美國(guó)卻以最重的賦稅在世界上名列前茅。短語(yǔ)：haveacorneronsomething:壟斷…;leadwith因…領(lǐng)先e.g.Chinaleadstheworldwithhersilkproducts.3.Withthehighcostoftaxes,peoplearenotveryhappyonApril15,whenthefederaltaxesaredue.譯：由于高額的稅款，每年4月15日人們很不開(kāi)心，因?yàn)檫@一天是上繳聯(lián)邦稅款的日子。分析：Withthehighcostoftaxes,介詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)，with=becauseof,由于…,whenthefederaltaxesaredue是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾onApril15。When叫關(guān)系副詞。Where,when,why是定語(yǔ)從句中的三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞，分別在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)。a.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.(where=inwhich)b.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIenteredthecollege.(when=onwhich)c.pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouarealwayslateformyclass.(why=forwhich)另外，若定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞之間用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)稱為非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。它對(duì)先行詞只是進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，刪除后不會(huì)影響整個(gè)句子的基本語(yǔ)意，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)一般單獨(dú)翻譯。4.Somestateshaveanincometaxsimilartothatofthefederalgovernment.(*)譯：有些洲有與聯(lián)邦政府類似的個(gè)人所得稅。分析：代詞that指anincometax,英文中兩個(gè)進(jìn)行比較的事物必須是平等的，如在口語(yǔ)中我們可說(shuō)“北京的天氣比廣州干燥”，但譯為英語(yǔ)不能寫(xiě)成：TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthanGuangzhou.(x)城市不能和天氣進(jìn)行比較，要改為：TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthanthatinGuangzhou.(√)5.otherstateshaveasalestax,whichisapercentagechargedtoanyitemwhichyoubuyinthatstate.(*)譯：其他洲征收銷售稅，對(duì)你在該洲所買的任何商品征收一定比例的稅。分析：包含有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，whichisapercentagechargedtoanyitemwhichyoubuyinthatstate是非限定定語(yǔ)從句，修飾asalestax。其中還含有另一個(gè)限定定語(yǔ)從句whichyoubuyinthatstate修飾先行詞anyitem.chargedto表示“向…征收”charged過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾apercentage.6.Somestatesuseincometaxinadditiontosalestaxtoraisetheirrevenues.(*)譯：有些洲除了征收銷售稅，還征收個(gè)人所得稅來(lái)增加稅收。短語(yǔ)：inadditionto除…還有…(+)e.g.Weneedfatandproteininadditiontovitamininourdiet.raisetheirrevenue:增加稅收。7.Theyoftenprotestthatthegovernmentusestheirtaxdollarsinthewrongway.Theysaythatitspendstoomuchonuselessandimpracticalprograms.譯：他們經(jīng)?？棺h政府對(duì)他們交納的稅金使用不當(dāng)。他們認(rèn)為政府在一些沒(méi)用或不切實(shí)際的項(xiàng)目上花錢(qián)太多。短語(yǔ)：usesthinthewrongway,錯(cuò)誤地使用…,spendsthonsth在…花費(fèi)，或spendsthindoingsth.e.g.MothersayshespendstoomuchtimeinwatchingTVeveryday.8.AlthoughAmericanshavedifferentviewsonmanyissues,theytendtoagreeononesubject:taxesaretoohigh.(*)譯：盡管美國(guó)人在許多問(wèn)題上有不同的觀點(diǎn)，但他們往往在這一點(diǎn)上達(dá)成共識(shí)：稅收太高。短語(yǔ)：havedifferentviewsonsth對(duì)…有不同觀點(diǎn)，tendto通常，agreeonsth同意某事，同意某人：agreewithsb;同意做某事：agreetodosth.Ⅲ.Summaryabouttheimportantphrases:1.besureof(1段2行);2.haveacorneronsth(1段2行);3.leadwith(1段4行);4.consistof(2段1行);5.dependon(3段3行);6.thatis(3段4行);7.besimilarto(4段3行);8.inadditionto(4段10行);9.publicworks(5段4行);10.municipalbuildings(5段5行);11.complainabout(6段3行);12.usesthinthewrongway(6段3-4行);13.spend…on(6段4-5行);14.tendon(6段6行);15.agreeon(6段6行)The3rdlectureofCollegeEnglishone:Ⅰ.Keytopartexercisesfrompage39to43:一、課文練習(xí)：Ⅰ.a,c,a,a,cⅢ.1.due;2.dependson;3.diverse;4.consistedof;5.similar;6.tendsto;7.complainingabout;8.iadditionto;9.issue;10.agreeonⅣ.1.Howmuchdoyouchargeforahaircut?2.WearetryingtoraisefundsfortheRedCross.3.Heearnedagoodreputationforhonesty.4.Wepaytaxesinexchangeforgovernmentservices.5.Anopenletterprotestedgovernment’sforeignpolicy.二、詞匯練習(xí)：Ⅰ見(jiàn)2講講課內(nèi)容。Ⅱ.1.charge;2.department;3.due;4.diverse;5.earns;6.vary;7.property;8.leading;9.fund;10.tendsⅡ.TextB:It’saboutadvertisement.Insuchasociety,wecanseeadvertisementeveryday.SomearefromTV,somearefromradio,somearefromnewspaper,andothersarefrommagazinesandevenInternet.Whenyoufindsomanyadshavepenetratedintoallthecornersofourlife,thendoyouthinkit’sgoodorbad?Nowlet’sfindsomethingfromourtext.A.Newwords:1.advertise:v做廣告、登廣告；advertisement:n縮寫(xiě)ad;advertisingcompany廣告公司；advertiser:n登廣告的人2.attract:v吸引；attraction:n吸引力；attractive:adj吸引人的3.design:v設(shè)計(jì)；designer設(shè)計(jì)師4.persuade:v勸說(shuō)，常用習(xí)語(yǔ)：persuadesbtodosth5.leisure:n空暇、悠閑，atleisure有空，清閑。6.classified:a分類的；classifyv分類7.edition:n版本，apaperbackedition（平裝版）,arareedition（珍藏版）,adeluxeedition（精裝版）,arevisededition（修訂版）；edit:v;editor:n8.entertainment:n娛樂(lè)、款待9.audience:n觀眾、聽(tīng)眾。10.characteristic:a典型的；n特性、特征11.commercial:adj商業(yè)的；n商業(yè)廣告；commercen商業(yè)。12.responsible:a有責(zé)任的；responsibilityn責(zé)任13.particular:a特定的14.estimate:n/v估計(jì)、評(píng)價(jià)15.management:n管理、經(jīng)營(yíng)；manage:v管理；manager:n經(jīng)理16.approve:v贊成、同意、批準(zhǔn)；approval:n17.involve:v牽涉、卷入，beinvolvedinsth;involvement:nB.Somedifficultsentences:1.Advertisingisonlypartofthetotalsaleseffort,butit’sthepartthatattractsthemostattention.譯：廣告僅僅是整個(gè)銷售活動(dòng)的一部分，但就是這部分最能吸引人們的注意力。注意本句的主語(yǔ)advertising是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，表示登廣告。再如：playingfootballismyfavoritesport.短語(yǔ)：attractone’sattention吸引某人的注意力。2.Voicesandmusichavebeenaddedtocolorandpicturestocatchtheearaswellastheeye.（*）譯：色彩和畫(huà)面配上聲音和音樂(lè)，既好看又好聽(tīng)。重點(diǎn)掌握短語(yǔ)：1>.addsthtosth加…到…,e.g.Idon’tlikeaddmilkto/intomycoffee.2>.catchtheear,catchtheeye:吸引耳朵，吸引眼睛3>.aswellas:也,除了…還有…(+)e.g.IlikeChineseaswellasEnglish.3.Televisionadsareshort,buttheyarerepeatedoverandoveragainsothattheaudienceseesandhearsthemmanytimes.(*)譯：電視廣告時(shí)間很短，但它們被反復(fù)播放，可以使觀眾看聽(tīng)許多遍。短語(yǔ)：overandoveragain一遍又一遍；sothat=inorderthat表目的；audience:稱作集體名詞，當(dāng)單形集體名詞被看作一個(gè)整體時(shí)，具有單數(shù)概念；被看作若干個(gè)個(gè)體時(shí)，具有復(fù)數(shù)概念。像這樣的名詞有：family,government,class,staffetc.a.Hisfamilyisabigoneinourcity.b.Hisfamilyareveryfriendlytous.c.Theaudienceisquietwhentheconcertison.d.TheaudiencelikeHarryportterverymuch.C.Usefulphrases:1.attractone’sattention(1段2行);2.naturalenough(1段2行);3.forthemostpart(1段6行);4.persuadesbtodosth(1段7行);5.alargeamountofsth(3段1行);6.becharacteristicofsth(3段7行);7.catchtheeye(3段8行);8.nomorethan(3段9行);9.idebtitywithsth(3段10行);10.addto(4段2行);11.catchtheear(4段3行);12.overandoveragain(4段4行);13.sothat(4段5行);14.putupwith(4段7行);15.millionsof(4段8行);16.beresponsibleforsth/sb(5段1行);17.decideonsth(5段2行);18.makeanestimateofsth(5段4行);19.beinvolvedinsth(5段6行)；20.aswellas(4段3行);21.carryover(4段1行)D.Keytosomeexercises:Ⅰ.page49:T,F,F,T,T,T,T,F,T,F.詞匯練習(xí)：52Ⅰ.e,b,c,d,aⅡ.1.attracts;2.leisure;3.available;4.limited;5.estimateⅢ.1.decidedon;2.approved;3.estimate;4.carriedover;5.putupwith;6.characteristicofⅣ.B,C,B,A,C,D.Unit3TextA:TheAtlanticoceanIntheearth,therearefouroceans:thepacificocean,theAtlanticocean,theIndianocean,andtheArcticocean.TheAtlanticoceanisn’tthebiggestinarea,butthereareothertwothingsthatmakeitveryunusual.Doyouwanttoknowwhattheyare,andthenpleasereadthetextverycarefully?Andfromthepastexamsthetextisveryimportant.A.Newwords:1.sailor:n水手、海員；sail:v航海，n航海、帆（*）a.HehassailedforNewYork.b.Heisagoodsailorandseldomgetssickduringstormsatsea.c.Howmanydays’sailisitfromTianjintoDalian?2.unwilling:a不情愿的，反義詞willing：愿意的，常用短語(yǔ)：bewillingtodo…,beunwillingtodo…;副詞：unwillingly,willingly;名詞：will意愿、意志。（*）a.Heishappywiththepriceandwillingtopay.b.Thechildalwaysdoeshishomeworkunwillingly,sohehasn’tmademuchprogress.c.Sheisillandunwillingtogooutwithus.3.unusual:a不尋常的、與眾不同的，反義詞：usual,副詞：usually(*)a.Youngpeopleshouldnotwearunusualclothes.b.Hewenttotownasusualwithhisfather.c.Aclassifiedadvertisementisusuallyafewlineslong.4.salty:a咸的，salt:n鹽；salted用鹽腌的a.Theseawaterissalty.b.Thesaltedbeefisdelicious.5.average:n/a/v平均數(shù)、平均的、平均常用短語(yǔ)：ontheaverage(*)a.Theaverageof2,3and4is3.b.Theaverageageofthestudentsinthisclassiseighteen.c.Theyaveraged20milesadayduringtheirlastjourney.6.range:n山脈、范圍；v變化，排列成行a.Shehasawiderangeofinterests.b.Herangedthebooksbysize.7.peak:n高峰，adj高峰的，反義詞：off-peakpeakhour=rushhour8.eastward,westward,northward,southward:adjadv9.crew:集體名詞10.becalm:vbecomecalm;calm:a平靜的、安靜的,pleasekeepcalm.11.current:n水流、電流；adj流行的a.Thecurrentisthestrongestinthemiddleoftheriver.b.Turnoffthecurrentwhilemakingrepairs.c.ofallherdresses,onlyoneisstillcurrent.12.affect:v影響、打動(dòng)；effectn影響，haveaneffectonsth;affectingadj動(dòng)人的；effectiveadj有影響的、有效的。（*）a.ViolentTVprogramshaveabadeffectonthechildren.b.Musiccanaffectsomepeopleverystrongly.c.Thelawisnolongereffective.13.furnish:v用家具布置，家具：furniture.B.Grammarknowledge:定冠詞的用法pleaselookatthefollowingsentencesfromthetext:a.TheAtlanticoceanisoneoftheoceansthat….b.Thenarrowestplaceisbetweenthebulgeof….c.TheAzoresarethetopsofthepeak….1.冠詞（articles）:是一種虛詞，放在一個(gè)名詞前，幫助說(shuō)明該名詞的含義。它分為定冠詞和不定冠詞兩種。2.定冠詞the的用法如下：①重復(fù)上文提到過(guò)的人或物：e.g.Thereisarefrigeratorinthekitchen.Therefrigeratoriswhite.(第一次提到用不定冠詞，第二次用定冠詞，表特指。)②特指談話雙方都知道的人或物。e.g.Howdoyoulikethefilm?③指世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。e.g.Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon,butsmallerthanthesun.④常用在樂(lè)器前：e.g.Iwanttoplaythepiano/theviolin.⑤用在一些公用事業(yè)名稱前,e.g.Iwillgotothepostoffice/themuseum/thecinema.⑥用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)之前，e.g.thefirsttime,thebiggest.⑦用在某些專有名詞前，e.g.thepeople’sRepublicofChina,thegreatwall,thewhitehouse⑧特指某些江河、山脈、海洋、湖泊，e.g.theChangjiangRiver,thepacificocean,theHimalayas,theSalt⑨和某些形容詞連用，表示某一類人,e.g.therich,thepoor,thedead,theyoung⑩用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表一家人,e.g.TheGreensarewatchingTV.另外，還用在許多習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中：inthemorning/afternoon/evening,ontheleft.Right,bytheway,inthemiddleofetc.The4thlectureofCollegeEnglishone:Ⅰ.IntensivereadingtextA:1.TheAtlanticoceanisoneoftheoceansthatseparatetheoldworldfromthenew.譯：大西洋是隔斷新世界和舊世界的大洋之一。分析：本句包含有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞oceans,注意此時(shí)只能用that,不能用which.如下的情況屬只能用that的情況：1>.當(dāng)先行詞是最高級(jí)形容詞或它的前面有最高級(jí)形容詞時(shí)。Heisthebestpersonthatalwayshelpsothers2>.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或前面有一個(gè)序數(shù)詞時(shí)。HeisthelastpersonthatIwanttosee.3>.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)已有疑問(wèn)詞who或which時(shí)。Whichisthebikethatyoulost?4>.當(dāng)先行詞是all,much,something,anything,everything,little,etc等詞時(shí)。Weshouldhandinallthatyouhavefound.5>.當(dāng)先行詞前有only,any,few,oneof,thesame,noetc等詞時(shí)。Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.LiMingisoneofthestudentsthatwanttobeteacherinourclass.短語(yǔ)：separatesthfromsth把…與…分開(kāi)EnglandisseparatedfromFrancebytheEnglishchannel.另外，theoldWorld:Europe,Asia,Africa;theNewWorld:theAmericas.2.ForcenturiesitkepttheAmericasfrombeingdiscoveredbythepeopleofEurope.（*）譯：好幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，它使美洲一直未被歐洲人發(fā)現(xiàn)短語(yǔ)：keep/stop/preventsbfromdoingsth:阻止某人做謀事Thebadweathercan’tkeepusfromgoingtoschool/beingdiscovered:being動(dòng)名詞，discovered過(guò)去分詞3.ManywrongideasabouttheAtlanticoceanmadetheearlysailorsunwillingtosailfaroutintoit.(*)譯：許多關(guān)于大西洋的錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)使得早期的水手不愿遠(yuǎn)航駛?cè)氪?/p>