河南省南陽(yáng)市六校2022-2023學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期6月期末聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省南陽(yáng)市六校2022-2023學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期6月期末聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AKidsNewsJuniorJournalistCompetitionThesearchisonforthenextgenerationofnewsbreakerswiththeKidsNewsJuniorJournalistCompetition.Thefreecompetitionisopentochildreningrades3-9,withfourgroupsforbothprimaryandsecondarystudents:Newsstory—printNewsstory—videoSportsstory—printSportsstory—videoThegrandprizewinnerwillscoreaguestappearanceonChannel10’sStudio10program,hostedbyNareldaJacobs,atelevisionjournalistformorethan20years.AswellastheStudio10grandprize,therearefour$750giftcardsforprimarystudentsandfour$1,000giftcardsforsecondarystudents.KidscansendwrittenandvideoentriestotheJuniorJournalistCompetitionfromFebruary6toOctober27.HOWTOENTERWriteastoryorcreateavideostoryaboutsomethingthathashappenedorisabouttohappeninyourschoolorneighborhood.Yourstoryshouldbereal.CheckouttheJuniorJournalistvideosforcreatingtipsandsuggestions.DownloadtheAgreementFormbelowandgetyourparentstofillitin.DownloadtheEntryFormbelowandgetyourteachertofillitin.Emailyourwrittenorvideostory,alongwiththecompletedagreementandentryforms,tojuniorjournalist@.aubefore5pmonOctober27.VideoentriesshouldbesentasaMP4file.ClickHEREforthefullTermsandConditions.1.Whatprizewillasecondarystudentwinnerget?A.$750incash. B.A$1,000giftcard.C.Ajournalistjob. D.Thechancetohostaprogram.2.Whichofthefollowingisaruleofthecompetition?A.Anentryfeeisneeded. B.Theentriesmustbeprinted.C.ThedeadlineisNovember27. D.Parents’agreementisnecessary.3.Whichlinkcanstudentsclickonforallrulesofthecompetition?A.HERE. B.EntryForm.C.AgreementForm. D.juniorjournalist@.au.〖答案〗1.B2.D3.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新聞與兒童新聞初級(jí)記者的比賽情況，包括獎(jiǎng)品和參賽作品要求。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“AswellastheStudio10grandprize,therearefour$750giftcardsforprimarystudentsandfour$1,000giftcardsforsecondarystudents.(除了Studio10的大獎(jiǎng)外，還有四張750元的小學(xué)生禮品卡和四張1000元的中學(xué)生禮品卡)”可知，中學(xué)生優(yōu)勝者將獲得一張價(jià)值1000美元的禮品卡。故選B。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“DownloadtheAgreementFormbelowandgetyourparentstofillitin.(下載以下協(xié)議表格，請(qǐng)家長(zhǎng)填寫(xiě))”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Emailyourwrittenorvideostory,alongwiththecompletedagreementandentryforms,tojuniorjournalist@.aubefore5pmonOctober27.VideoentriesshouldbesentasaMP4file.(在10月27日下午5點(diǎn)之前，將你的書(shū)面或視頻故事，以及完整的協(xié)議和報(bào)名表格發(fā)送至juniorjournalist@.au。視頻條目應(yīng)該以MP4文件的形式發(fā)送)”可知，比賽規(guī)則要求父母的同意。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ClickHEREforthefullTermsandConditions.(點(diǎn)擊這里查看完整的條款和條件)”可知，學(xué)生可以點(diǎn)擊HERE查看比賽的所有規(guī)則。故選A。BIn2009,KevinPearcewasattheheightofhisprofessionalsnowboardingcareerandwaspreparingfortheWinterOlympics.Butduringtraining,hestruckhisheadontheedgeofahalfpipe.Itchangedthecourseofthethen22-year-old’slife.Hehadtorelearnhowtowalkandtalkandbasicallystartover.HisolderbrotherAdamgaveuphisjobandmovedacrossthecountrytohelphimthroughrecovery.Kevineventuallystarteddoingyoga,andhisfamilysawhowitpositivelychangedhimandgavehimasenseofhope.“IremembersoclearlyIcameoutofthefirstyogaclasswithKevinandjustsawinhisfacethisnewexpression,thisnewperson,”AdamPearcesaid.“Wewouldliketofigureoutwhyandhowthatjusthappened.”BraininjuryaffectsthelivesofmillionsofAmericanseachyear,includingmanywhoarelivingwithlong-termbrain-injury-relateddisabilities(殘疾).Wantingtobringhopeandcuretoothersthroughyoga,AdamandKevinco-foundedtheLoveYourBrainFoundationin2014.Thenonprofitoffersweek-longretreats(靜修)andcommunity-basedyogaclassesacrosstheUnitedStatesforpeoplewhohavebraininjuryaswellastheircaregivers.Theorganizationaimstofinallymakeasafespaceandasupportivecommunitywherepeoplewithbraininjurycanbetreatedtogether.Theorganizationalsotrainsyogateachers,givingthemknowledgeonhowtoworkwiththosewhohavebraininjury,andworkswithhospitalstoaddyogaintorecoverytreatmentsearlyon.Todate,LoveYourBrainhasreachedmorethan35,000people.“NeverinmywildestdreamswouldIhavethoughtwe’dbeherealmost13yearsafterKevin’saccident,”Adamsaid.“Whatthishastaughtmeisthatinjuryandunpleasantsituationscanbeapowerfulpathwayfordeeperlearningandgrowth.”4.WhatstoppedKevinPearcetakingpartintheWinterOlympics?A.Adam’sjoblessness. B.Hisseriousbraininjury.C.Changesinhisplan. D.Hisnewinterestinyoga.5.WhatdidKevinthinkofyogaprobably?A.Truehopeforrecovery. B.Anewjobforadisabledman.C.Anexcusetoescapefromreality. D.Accesstofurthereducation.6.HowdoesAdamfindtheeffectofyogaonKevin?A.Worrying. B.Doubtful.C.Impressive. D.Controllable.7.WhatisthefinalaimoftheLoveYourBrainFoundation?A.Totrainasmanyyogateachersaspossible.B.Tosetupaspecialhospitalforcuringbraininjury.C.Tohelphospitalsfindnewwaystopreventbraininjury.D.Toestablishaspecialsiteforbraininjurytreatment.〖答案〗4.B5.A6.C7.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了凱文·皮爾斯滑雪時(shí)受重傷導(dǎo)致腦損傷，后來(lái)通過(guò)瑜伽重獲新生，并且積極幫助有腦損傷的人?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“Butduringtraining,hestruckhisheadontheedgeofahalfpipe.Itchangedthecourseofthethen22-year-old’slife.Hehadtorelearnhowtowalkandtalkandbasicallystartover.(但在訓(xùn)練中，他的頭撞到了U型池邊緣。這改變了當(dāng)時(shí)22歲的他一生的軌跡。他必須重新學(xué)習(xí)如何走路和說(shuō)話(huà)，基本上重新開(kāi)始)”可知，他的嚴(yán)重腦損傷阻止了凱文·皮爾斯參加冬奧會(huì)。故選B。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“Kevineventuallystarteddoingyoga,andhisfamilysawhowitpositivelychangedhimandgavehimasenseofhope.(凱文最終開(kāi)始做瑜伽，他的家人看到了瑜伽如何積極地改變了他，給了他希望)”可知，亞當(dāng)覺(jué)得瑜伽對(duì)凱文來(lái)說(shuō)是恢復(fù)的真正希望。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第二段““IremembersoclearlyIcameoutofthefirstyogaclasswithKevinandjustsawinhisfacethisnewexpression,thisnewperson,”AdamPearcesaid.“Wewouldliketofigureoutwhyandhowthatjusthappened.”(AdamPearce說(shuō)：“我記得很清楚，我和Kevin一起上完第一堂瑜伽課，從他的臉上看到了這個(gè)新的表情，這個(gè)新的人?！??！拔覀兿肱宄槭裁磿?huì)發(fā)生這種事，以及如何發(fā)生的?！?”可推知，亞當(dāng)覺(jué)得瑜伽對(duì)凱文的治療效果給人印象深刻。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中“Theorganizationaimstofinallymakeasafespaceandasupportivecommunitywherepeoplewithbraininjurycanbetreatedtogether.(該組織的目標(biāo)是最終創(chuàng)造一個(gè)安全的空間和一個(gè)支持性的社區(qū)，讓腦損傷患者可以一起接受治療)”可知，LoveYourBrain基金會(huì)的最終目標(biāo)是建立專(zhuān)門(mén)的腦損傷治療場(chǎng)所，讓腦損傷患者可以一起接受治療。故選D。CElephantsmaybeknownfortheirsizeandstrength,buttouristswhorideontheirbackscanstilldogreatharm.ApictureprovidedbytheWildlifeFriendsFoundationinThailand(WFFT)showsPaiLin,a71-year-oldfemaleelephantwhosebackhasbecomedisfigured(變形)after25yearsofworkinginthetourismindustry,whereshewasforcedtocarryuptosixtouristsatatime.PaiLin’sbackstillbearsscarsfromoldpressurepoints.Thiscontinuouspressureonelephants’bodiescandeterioratethebonesontheirback,causinglong-lastingphysicaldamage.PaiLinwasabandoned(遺棄)byherpreviousowner,whofeltthatshewastooslowandalwaysinpainandcouldn’tworkwellanymore.ElephantridesareapopulartouristactivityincountriesacrossSoutheastAsia,butactivistssaythepracticeisaformofanimalabuse(虐待)astheirbodiesarenotdesignedtoberidden.Theysaytheanimalsarealsooftenabusedandexploitedinotherindustrieslikelongmarchingandlogging,withmanydyingfromexhaustionandhungerastheyarereallyforcedtoworkuntildeath.ThegroupwassharingPaiLin’sstorytoraiseawarenessaboutelephantabuse.PaiLinislivingoutherdayswith24otherrescuedelephantsinWFFT’spreserveneartheseasidetownofHuaHin,abouta2.5-hourdrivefromBangkok.She’soldernowandhasputonweight.Butyoucanseetheshapeofherbackveryclearly—it’saphysicaldisfigurementshewillhavetolivewith,butshe’sdoingwell.The“oldlady”enjoyshavingherownspace.Butshereallyenjoysbeingaroundthecompanyofotherelephantsandlikesattentionfrompeople.Shedoesgetmoody(喜怒無(wú)常的)whenitinvolvesfoodbutsheisaverylovelyelephant.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deteriorate”inparagraph1mean?A.Relax. B.Worsen. C.Balance. D.Strengthen.9.WhydidPaiLin’spreviousownergiveherup?A.Sheatetoomuch. B.Sheusuallyattackedtourists.C.Shewasdyingfromillness. D.Shewasnolongerfitforherjob.10.Whichofthefollowingagreeswiththeideasofactivists?A.Elephantsshouldhelphumansdowhattheycan’tdo.B.Elephantsshouldworkinmanyfieldsexcepttourism.C.Elephantsshouldberiddenbyfewerthan6people.D.Elephantsshouldbebettertreatedbypeople.11.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethepresentPaiLin?A.Curious. B.Energetic. C.Friendly. D.Annoying.〖答案〗8.B9.D10.D11.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了騎大象對(duì)大象的傷害以及人們?yōu)楸Ｗo(hù)大象所做的努力。【8題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。由文章第一段中“causinglong-lastingphysicaldamage.(造成長(zhǎng)期的身體損傷。)”可知，這種對(duì)大象身體的持續(xù)壓力會(huì)使它們背部的骨骼受損。A.Relax.放松；B.Worsen.惡化；C.Balance.使(在某物上)保持平衡；D.Strengthen.加強(qiáng)。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“PaiLinwasabandoned(遺棄)byherpreviousowner,whofeltthatshewastooslowandalwaysinpainandcouldn’tworkwellanymore.(白琳被她的前主人拋棄了，他覺(jué)得她太慢了，總是很痛苦，不能再好好工作了。)”可知，白琳的前任主人把她拋棄是因?yàn)樗荒茉賱偃嗡墓ぷ髁?。故選D。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第三段“ElephantridesareapopulartouristactivityincountriesacrossSoutheastAsia,butactivistssaythepracticeisaformofanimalabuse(虐待)astheirbodiesarenotdesignedtoberidden.Theysaytheanimalsarealsooftenabusedandexploitedinotherindustrieslikelongmarchingandlogging,withmanydyingfromexhaustionandhungerastheyarereallyforcedtoworkuntildeath.(在東南亞各國(guó)，騎大象是一種受歡迎的旅游活動(dòng)，但積極分子表示，這種做法是虐待動(dòng)物的一種形式，因?yàn)榇笙蟮纳眢w不是用來(lái)騎的。他們說(shuō)，這些動(dòng)物在其他行業(yè)也經(jīng)常受到虐待和剝削，比如長(zhǎng)征和伐木，許多動(dòng)物死于疲憊和饑餓，因?yàn)樗鼈冋娴谋黄裙ぷ鞯剿馈?”可知，積極分子認(rèn)為大象遭到了人們的虐待。由此推知，他們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該更好地對(duì)待大象。故選D?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第五段“The“oldlady”enjoyshavingherownspace.Butshereallyenjoysbeingaroundthecompanyofotherelephantsandlikesattentionfrompeople.Shedoesgetmoody(喜怒無(wú)常的)whenitinvolvesfoodbutsheisaverylovelyelephant.(“老太太”喜歡有自己的空間。但她真的很喜歡和其它大象在一起，也喜歡別人的關(guān)注。當(dāng)涉及到食物時(shí)，它確實(shí)會(huì)情緒化，但它是一頭非?？蓯?ài)的大象。)”可知，白琳喜歡和別的大象在一起，喜歡別人的關(guān)注，而且也非?？蓯?ài)。由此推知，它現(xiàn)在很友好。故選C。DWhatifyoucouldlookatallthethingsyoudodaily—walkingfromroomtoroom,preparingapresentationatyourdesk,runningupanddownstairstodeliverwashedclothesortakingajogaroundtheneighborhood—andknowwhichoneswillbesthelporhurtyourbrain?Anewstudyattemptedtoanswerthatquestionbyfixingactivitymonitorstothelegsofnearly4,500participants(參與者)intheUnitedKingdomandtrackingtheir24-hourmovementsforsevendays.Researchersthenexaminedhowparticipants’behavioraffectedtheirshort-termmemory,problem-solvingandprocessingskills.Here’sthegoodnews:Peoplewhospentevensmallamountsoftimeonmoreenergeticactivities—aslittleas6to9minutes—comparedtositting,sleepingorgentleactivities,hadhighercognition(認(rèn)知)scores.Middlephysicalactivityistypicallydefined(定義)asquickwalkingorbicyclingorrunningupanddownstairs.Energeticmovement,suchasquickdancing,jogging,running,swimmingandbikingupahill,willincreaseyourheartrateandbreathing.Thestudyfounddoingjustunder10minutesofmiddletoenergeticexerciseeachdayimprovedtheparticipants’workingmemorybuthaditsbiggesteffectonoperativeprocessessuchasplanningandorganization.Thereisbadnewsaswell:Spendingmoretimesleeping,sittingordoingonlygentlemovementwasconnectedtoanegative(負(fù)面的)effectonthebrain.Thestudyfoundcognitionreduced1%to2%afterreplacinganequalpartofmiddletoenergeticphysicalactivitywitheightminutesofstillbehavior,sixminutesoflightactivitiesorsevenminutesofsleep.Thatchangeisonlyaconnection,notacauseandeffect,duetotheobservationalmethodsofthestudy.Additionalstudiesneedtobedonetoprovethesefindingsandunderstandtheroleoeachtypeofactivity.However,thestudyhighlightshowevenverysmalldifferencesinpeople’dailymovement—lessthan10minutes—areconnectedtoquitegreatchangesinourcognitivehealth.12.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingparagraph1?A.Topresentsomeusefulactivities. B.Toexplainasituation.C.Toattractthereaders’attention. D.Tofindtheanswertoaquestion.13.Whatisthebestforthebrain’sfunctionaccordingtothetext?A.Sittingstill. B.Deepsleep.C.Lightactivities. D.Energeticexercise.14.Whatcanweknowaboutthestudyfromthelastparagraph?A.Itsresultsneedfurtherconfirmation.B.Itfindsnotallmiddleactivitiesarebeneficial.C.Itsobservationalmethodsaredifferentfromothers.D.Itshowsnorelationshipbetweenexerciseandthebrain.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.PhysicalActivityTypesandCognition B.ArrangementforThingsYouDoDailyC.DefinitionofTypesofPhysicalActivity D.ThePositiveandNegativeEffectsonBrain〖答案〗12.C13.D14.A15.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于體育活動(dòng)類(lèi)型與認(rèn)知之間的關(guān)系研究。【12題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Whatifyoucouldlookatallthethingsyoudodaily—walkingfromroomtoroom,preparingapresentationatyourdesk,runningupanddownstairstodeliverwashedclothesortakingajogaroundtheneighborhood—andknowwhichoneswillbesthelporhurtyourbrain?(如果你能看看你每天做的所有事情——從一個(gè)房間走到另一個(gè)房間，在辦公桌前準(zhǔn)備演講，跑上跑下樓梯送洗好的衣服，或者在附近慢跑——并知道哪些最能幫助或傷害你的大腦，會(huì)怎么樣？)”可推知，作者提出問(wèn)題，是為了吸引讀者的注意力。故選C?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Here’sthegoodnews:Peoplewhospentevensmallamountsoftimeonmoreenergeticactivities—aslittleas6to9minutes—comparedtositting,sleepingorgentleactivities,hadhighercognition(認(rèn)知)scores.(好消息是：與坐著、睡覺(jué)或溫和的活動(dòng)相比，即使花很少的時(shí)間進(jìn)行更有活力的活動(dòng)，也只有6到9分鐘，這些人的認(rèn)知得分更高)”可知，更有活力的活動(dòng)對(duì)大腦功能最好。故選D。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中“Thatchangeisonlyaconnection,notacauseandeffect,duetotheobservationalmethodsofthestudy.Additionalstudiesneedtobedonetoprovethesefindingsandunderstandtheroleoeachtypeofactivity.(由于這項(xiàng)研究的觀察方法，這種變化只是一種聯(lián)系，而不是因果關(guān)系。需要進(jìn)行更多的研究來(lái)證明這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，并了解每種活動(dòng)的作用)”可推知，這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果需要進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)。故選A。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章最后一段中“However,thestudyhighlightshowevenverysmalldifferencesinpeople’dailymovement—lessthan10minutes—areconnectedtoquitegreatchangesinourcognitivehealth.(然而，這項(xiàng)研究強(qiáng)調(diào)，即使是人們?nèi)粘；顒?dòng)的微小差異——不到10分鐘——也與我們認(rèn)知健康的巨大變化有關(guān))”可知，文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于體育活動(dòng)類(lèi)型與認(rèn)知之間的關(guān)系研究。由此可知，PhysicalActivityTypesandCognition適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿(mǎn)分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ScientistsMakeAmazingPaintUsingIdeasfromNatureThecolorsinmostpaintscomefrompigments(顏料)—coloredthingssuchasminerals,metalsorchemicals.Butnaturehasanotherwaytocreatecolor,called“structuralcolor”.Structuralcolorcomesfromtinyshapesonthesurfacesofthingslikewings,feathersorshells.___16___Nowscientistshaveusednanotechnology(納米技術(shù))tomakepaintwithstructuralcolor.___17___Theyweretryingtocreateaspecialmirroredsurface.Buttheyfoundsuper-smallclumpsofaluminumatoms(鋁原子團(tuán)塊)onthesurface.Theresearcherswereupsetbecausethesesmallclumpsmessedupthemirror.Thentheyrealizedthattheclumpsmadecolorswhenlighthitthem.Theydecidedtoturntheirdiscoveryintopaint.Allthecolorinthenewpaintcomesfromaluminum.Therearetinyaluminumpiecesandthenevensmallernanoparticles(納米顆粒)thatcreatethecolors.Thenanoparticlesdon’treallyproducethecolor.Theysimplyreflectbackasinglecolor.___18___Becausethenewpaintdoesn’thavepigments,thepaintissolightthatitcouldreducetheamountoffuelusedbyplanesandcars.___19___Itwouldonlytake1.3kgofstructuralpainttodothesamejob.___20___Inregularpaints,pigmentsbreakdownandfadeovertime.That’snottrueforstructuralcolor.Oncewepaintsomethingwithstructuralcolor,itshouldstayforcenturies.What’smore,thenewpaintdoesn’theatuplikeregularpaint.That’strueevenfordarkercolors.Thenewpaintcankeepsurfacesupto16.6℃coolerthannormalpaint.Usingthepaintonbuildingsincitiescouldhelpcoolcitiesandreducetheelectricityspentonair.conditioning.A.Thenewpainthasseveralotheradvantages.B.Structuralpaintcouldsaveasmuchmoneyaspossible.C.Researchersweren’treallyplanningonmakingpaint.D.Thesizeofthemdetermineswhichcolorgetsreflected.E.Generally,ittakesabout500kgofpainttocoveranairplane.F.Normally,weneverseetheshapesbecausethey’resosmall.G.Itwillprobablybeawhilebeforeyoucanusestructuralcolor.〖答案〗16.F17.C18.D19.E20.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了科學(xué)家利用大自然制作出顏料的方法和顏料的優(yōu)點(diǎn)?！?6題詳析】由上文“Structuralcolorcomesfromtinyshapesonthesurfacesofthingslikewings,feathersorshells.(結(jié)構(gòu)顏色來(lái)自于翅膀、羽毛或貝殼等物體表面的微小形狀。)”可知，下面要說(shuō)跟“微小形狀”有關(guān)的話(huà)題，故F選項(xiàng)“Normally,weneverseetheshapesbecausethey’resosmall.(通常情況下，我們永遠(yuǎn)看不到這些形狀，因?yàn)樗鼈兲×恕?”能承接上文，符合題意。F項(xiàng)中的“small”與空前的“tiny”相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選F。【17題詳析】由下文“Theyweretryingtocreateaspecialmirroredsurface.Buttheyfoundsuper-smallclumpsofaluminumatoms(鋁原子團(tuán)塊)onthesurface.Theresearcherswereupsetbecausethesesmallclumpsmessedupthemirror.Thentheyrealizedthattheclumpsmadecolorswhenlighthitthem.Theydecidedtoturntheirdiscoveryintopaint.(他們?cè)噲D創(chuàng)造一個(gè)特殊的鏡面。但他們?cè)诒砻姘l(fā)現(xiàn)了超小型的鋁原子團(tuán)。研究人員很沮喪，因?yàn)檫@些小團(tuán)塊把鏡子弄得一團(tuán)糟。然后他們意識(shí)到，當(dāng)光線照射到這些團(tuán)塊時(shí)，它們就會(huì)產(chǎn)生顏色。他們決定把他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)變成繪畫(huà)。)”可知，本空要說(shuō)研究人員的打算，故C選項(xiàng)“Researchersweren’treallyplanningonmakingpaint.(研究人員并沒(méi)有真正計(jì)劃制造油漆。)”能引起下文，且承接上文“Nowscientistshaveusednanotechnology(納米技術(shù))tomakepaintwithstructuralcolor.(現(xiàn)在，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)利用納米技術(shù)制造出具有結(jié)構(gòu)色的油漆。)”符合題意。故選C。【18題詳析】由上文“Thenanoparticlesdon’treallyproducethecolor.Theysimplyreflectbackasinglecolor.(納米顆粒并不能真正產(chǎn)生顏色。它們只是反射回單一的顏色。)”可知，下面要說(shuō)跟“反射”有關(guān)的話(huà)題，故D選項(xiàng)“Thesizeofthemdetermineswhichcolorgetsreflected.(它們的大小決定了反射的顏色。)”能承上啟下，符合題意。D項(xiàng)中的“reflected”與空前的“reflect”相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選D?！?9題詳析】由上文“Becausethenewpaintdoesn’thavepigments,thepaintissolightthatitcouldreducetheamountoffuelusedbyplanesandcars.(因?yàn)檫@種新油漆沒(méi)有顏料，所以這種油漆很輕，可以減少飛機(jī)和汽車(chē)的燃料用量。)”可知，下面要介紹覆蓋飛機(jī)的油漆，故E選項(xiàng)“Generally,ittakesabout500kgofpainttocoveranairplane.(一般來(lái)說(shuō)，覆蓋一架飛機(jī)大約需要500公斤的油漆。)”能承接上文，符合題意。E項(xiàng)中的“airplane”與空前的“plane”相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選E?！?0題詳析】由下文“Oncewepaintsomethingwithstructuralcolor,itshouldstayforcenturies.What’smore,thenewpaintdoesn’theatuplikeregularpaint.(一旦我們把某種東西涂成結(jié)構(gòu)色，它應(yīng)該會(huì)持續(xù)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)。更重要的是，新油漆不像普通油漆那樣發(fā)熱。)”可知，本段主要介紹這種漆的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，故A選項(xiàng)“Thenewpainthasseveralotheradvantages.(這種新油漆還有其他幾個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)。)”能概括本段主題，符合題意。故選A。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Weareallunknowinglysittingamongheroes,andforthechildrenofCarterMiddleSchool,itwas13-year-oldDillonReeveswhosavedtheirlives.Itwasacommonafternoon.Dillonwasoneof60childrenonaschoolbuswhenthebusdriver___21___gotlightheadedandpassedout.Earlier,shehadstartedtofeelsickandmadea(n)___22___throughtheintercom(對(duì)講機(jī))sayingthatshewouldneedto___23___.Butshehadalreadybecomeunconscious(失去知覺(jué))beforeshecouldgettowhereshe___24___tostopthebus.AsDillon___25___thatthebuswasrunningtowardongoingtrafficofitself,hedroppedhisbag,___26___fromthefifthrowtowardthedriverspot,steppedonthebrakes(剎車(chē)),andsucceededinstoppingthebusbeforeitwouldhave___27___severalcars.Heevencalledforanambulance(救護(hù)車(chē))forthedriver.Most___28___,somanychildren’slivesweresaved.ItwasDillon’sactioninstoppingthebusthatmadeit___29___foreachchildtoleavethatbusalive.Anewsconferencewasheldtohonortheboy,andthere,hisparentsexpressednotonlytheir___30___,butalsofear.NoonecouldevenimaginewhatwouldhavehappenedifDillonhadnottakenaction.Many,includingDillon’sparents,___31___howthe13-year-oldboyknewwhattodotostopthebus.Buthisfathersaidheusually___32___aroundwithhim,andthatDillonpaidattentiontohisdriving.Dillon’sparentssaidthathewantedtobea___33___whenhegrowsup,andmanypeopleare___34___thatDillonwillbeabletousehis___35___andquickreactionaryskillstohisadvantageinputtingoutfires.21.A.suddenly B.immediately C.finally D.naturally22.A.excuse B.promise C.announcement D.wish23.A.pullover B.hangup C.holdon D.calmdown24.A.managed B.regretted C.remembered D.intended25.A.admitted B.realized C.protested D.imagined26.A.looked B.climbed C.pointed D.rushed27.A.followed B.passed C.hit D.missed28.A.importantly B.briefly C.properly D.strangely29.A.reasonable B.possible C.necessary D.obvious30.A.pride B.hope C.patience D.pity31.A.learned B.wondered C.explained D.doubted32.A.walked B.ran C.drove D.rode33.A.soldier B.policeman C.firefighter D.spaceman34.A.determined B.certain C.curious D.surprised35.A.generosity B.fortune C.honor D.bravery〖答案〗21.A22.C23.A24.D25.B26.D27.C28.A29.B30.A31.B32.C33.C34.B35.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了13歲的DillonReeves，在一輛校車(chē)司機(jī)暈倒時(shí)挽救了60名學(xué)生的生命，以及大家對(duì)此的反應(yīng)和DillonReeves的夢(mèng)想。【21題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Dillon是校車(chē)上60個(gè)孩子中的一個(gè)，當(dāng)時(shí)公交車(chē)司機(jī)突然頭暈昏倒了。A.suddenly突然；B.immediately立即；C.finally最終；D.naturally自然而然地。根據(jù)空后“gotlightheadedandpassedout”可知，司機(jī)是突然暈倒。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：早些時(shí)候，她開(kāi)始感到不舒服，并通過(guò)對(duì)講機(jī)宣布她需要靠邊停車(chē)。A.excuse借口；B.promise承諾；C.announcement宣布；D.wish愿望。根據(jù)空后“throughtheintercom(對(duì)講機(jī))saying”可知此處是指通過(guò)對(duì)講機(jī)說(shuō)話(huà)。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：早些時(shí)候，她開(kāi)始感到不舒服，并通過(guò)對(duì)講機(jī)宣布她需要靠邊停車(chē)。A.pullover靠邊停車(chē)；B.hangup掛斷；C.holdon堅(jiān)持；D.calmdown冷靜。根據(jù)上文“Earlier,shehadstartedtofeelsick”和下文“Butshehadalreadybecomeunconscious(失去知覺(jué))beforeshecouldgettowhereshetostopthebus.”可知，她感到不舒服想要靠邊停車(chē)。故選A?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但她還沒(méi)到她打算停車(chē)的地方就已經(jīng)昏迷了。A.managed設(shè)法做；B.regretted后悔；C.remembered記得；D.intended打算。根據(jù)下文“thebuswasrunningtowardongoingtrafficofitself”可知，沒(méi)到她打算停車(chē)的地方她就已經(jīng)昏迷了。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)Dillon意識(shí)到校車(chē)正自己朝著正在行駛的車(chē)輛行駛時(shí)，他放下包，從第五排沖到司機(jī)位置，踩下剎車(chē)，成功地在校車(chē)撞上幾輛車(chē)之前把它停了下來(lái)。A.admitted承認(rèn)；B.realized意識(shí)到；C.protested抗議；D.imagined想象。根據(jù)空后“thebuswasrunningtowardongoingtrafficofitself”可知，此處是指Dillon意識(shí)到要撞車(chē)。故選B?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)Dillon意識(shí)到校車(chē)正自己朝著正在行駛的車(chē)輛行駛時(shí)，他放下包，從第五排沖到司機(jī)位置，踩下剎車(chē)，成功地在校車(chē)撞上幾輛車(chē)之前把它停了下來(lái)。A.looked看；B.climbed爬；C.pointed指；D.rushed沖。根據(jù)空前“thebuswasrunningtowardongoingtrafficofitself”和空后“fromthefifthrowtowardthedriverspot”可知，情況緊急，Dillon是從最后排沖到駕駛位。故選D?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)Dillon意識(shí)到校車(chē)正自己朝著正在行駛的車(chē)輛行駛時(shí)，他放下包，從第五排沖到司機(jī)位置，踩下剎車(chē)，成功地在校車(chē)撞上幾輛車(chē)之前把它停了下來(lái)。A.followed跟隨；B.passed經(jīng)過(guò)；C.hit撞；D.missed錯(cuò)過(guò)。根據(jù)空前“thebuswasrunningtowardongoingtrafficofitself”空后“severalcars”可知，此處是指他阻止校車(chē)撞到其它車(chē)。故選C?！?8題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最重要的是，這么多孩子的生命得救了。A.importantly重要地；B.briefly簡(jiǎn)短地；C.properly合適地；D.strangely奇怪地。根據(jù)下文“somanychildren’slivesweresaved”可知，孩子們得救是很重要的事。故選A?！?9題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：正是Dillon阻止校車(chē)的行動(dòng)才使得每個(gè)孩子都能活著離開(kāi)校車(chē)成為可能。A.reasonable合理的；B.possible可能的；C.necessary必要的；D.obvious明顯的。根據(jù)空前“Butshehadalreadybecomeunconscious(失去知覺(jué))beforeshecouldgettowhereshetostopthebus.”和下文“foreachchildtoleavethatbusalive”可知，司機(jī)昏迷，情況緊急，孩子們本可能失去生命，Dillon的行為使孩子得救成為可能。故選B?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為紀(jì)念男孩舉行了新聞發(fā)布會(huì)，在那里，他的父母不僅表達(dá)了他們的驕傲，也表達(dá)了他們的害怕。A.pride驕傲；B.hope希望；C.patience耐心；D.pity遺憾。根據(jù)前文“ItwasDillon’sactioninstoppingthebusthatmadeitforeachchildtoleavethatbusalive.”可知，Dillon救了那么多人的生命，父母應(yīng)該很驕傲。故選A。【31題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：許多人，包括Dillon的父母，都想知道這個(gè)13歲的男孩是如何知道該怎么做才能讓公交車(chē)停下來(lái)的。A.learned學(xué)習(xí)；B.wondered想知道；C.explained解釋?zhuān)籇.doubted懷疑。根據(jù)空后“howthe13-year-oldboyknewwhattodotostopthebus”可知，此處是指大家對(duì)他做的事感到疑惑，想知道他是如何做到的。故選B。【32題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但他的父親說(shuō)，他經(jīng)常和他一起開(kāi)車(chē)，Dillon注意他的駕駛。A.walked散步;B.ran跑步；C.drove開(kāi)車(chē)；D.rode騎車(chē)。根據(jù)下文“paidattentiontohisdriving”可知，此處是指開(kāi)車(chē)。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Dillon的父母說(shuō)，他長(zhǎng)大后想成為一名消防員，許多人都很確定Dillon能夠利用他的勇敢和快速反應(yīng)能力來(lái)?yè)錅绱蠡稹.soldier戰(zhàn)士；B.policeman警察；C.firefighter消防員；D.spaceman宇航員。根據(jù)下文“hisadvantageinputtingoutfires”可知，滅火的人應(yīng)該是消防員。故選C。【34題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Dillon的父母說(shuō)，他長(zhǎng)大后想成為一名消防員，許多人都很確定Dillon能夠利用他的勇敢和快速反應(yīng)能力來(lái)?yè)錅绱蠡?。A.determined下定決心的；B.certain確定的；C.curious好奇的；D.surprised驚訝的。根據(jù)前文“ItwasDillon’sactioninstoppingthebusthatmadeitforeachchildtoleavethatbusalive.”和下文“Dillonwillbeabletousehisandquickreactionaryskillstohisadvantageinputtingoutfires.”可知，他的快速的反應(yīng)讓大家相信他可以是合格的消防員。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Dillon的父母說(shuō)，他長(zhǎng)大后想成為一名消防員，許多人都很確定Dillon能夠利用他的勇敢和快速反應(yīng)能力來(lái)?yè)錅绱蠡?。A.generosity慷慨；B.fortune財(cái)富；C.honor榮譽(yù)；D.bravery勇氣。根據(jù)上文他在緊急情況下駕駛校車(chē)讓同學(xué)脫離危險(xiǎn)和此處“inputtingoutfires.”可知，他有滅火的勇氣。故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式,并將〖答案〗填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。Hanghangisachildwithautism(自閉癥)inChongqing.Hehadtodropoutofschoolbecausehecouldn’tcatchupinclassesandalsohaddifficulty___36___(get)alongwithotherchildren.HehadtospendmostofhistimeathomewatchingTVanddevelopedaninterestintrains.Heoftendrewtrainsonthewallsand___37___(sleep)withtoytrainscloseathand.Seeinghisson’sobsession(癡迷),LiJiawei,Hanghang’sfather,decided___38___(build)arealministeamtrainforhim.Overeightyears,ittookhimmorethan200,000yuantotestthemachinemorethanathousand___39___(time).In2021,he___40___(eventual)builtthefirstminitrainforhisson.Tomakethetrainmore___41___(power),hecontinuedtoimproveit,andthuscametraintwoandtrainthree.At___42___sametime,LinoticedHanghangalsochanged.Hewasnolongerafraid___43___strangersandbecamemoreandmorecheerfulandlively.Hanghangevengotajobatatourismsitedrivinghisminitrain,___44___couldcarry20to30touriststhroughthebeautifulscenery.TrainticketshavebecomeHanghang’s“income”,but___45___isfreeforchildrenwithdisabilitiestotakehistrain.〖答案〗36.getting37.slept38.tobuild39.times40.eventually41.powerful42.the43.of44.which45.it【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要記述了自閉癥兒童航航的生活和父親對(duì)他的愛(ài)?！?6題詳析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他不得不輟學(xué)，因?yàn)樗谡n堂上跟不上進(jìn)度，也很難與其他孩子和睦相處。固定短語(yǔ)havedifficulty(in)doingsth.“做某事有困難”，根據(jù)空前的haddifficulty可知，此處使用ing形式。故填getting?！?7題詳析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他經(jīng)常在墻上畫(huà)火車(chē)，睡覺(jué)時(shí)玩具火車(chē)近在咫尺。根據(jù)空前的drew和and可知，事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，此處使用sleep的過(guò)去式slept“睡覺(jué)”。故填slept。【38題詳析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：看到兒子的癡迷，航航的父親李家偉決定為他建造一輛真正的迷你蒸汽火車(chē)。固定短語(yǔ)decidetodosth.“決定做某事”，不定式作賓語(yǔ)。故填tobuild?！?9題詳析】考查名詞。句意：八年多的時(shí)間里，他花了20多萬(wàn)元對(duì)這臺(tái)機(jī)器進(jìn)行了一千多次測(cè)試。根據(jù)空前的athousand可知，此處使用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填times。【40題詳析】考查副詞。句意：2021年，他最終為兒子建造了第一列迷你列車(chē)。此處修飾動(dòng)詞built，應(yīng)用副詞eventually“最終”，作狀語(yǔ)。故填eventually?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：為了讓火車(chē)更強(qiáng)大，他繼續(xù)改進(jìn)，于是來(lái)了第二次和第三次火車(chē)。此處應(yīng)用形容詞powerful“強(qiáng)大的”，作賓補(bǔ)。故填powerful?！?2題詳析】考查冠詞。句意：與此同時(shí)，李注意到航航也發(fā)生了變化。固定短語(yǔ)atthesametime“與此同時(shí)”。故填the?！?3題詳析】考查介詞。句意：他不再害怕陌生人，變得越來(lái)越開(kāi)朗活潑。根據(jù)句意及空前的afraid可知，此處使用介詞of。beafraidof“害怕”，為固定短語(yǔ)。故填of?！?4題詳析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意：航航甚至在一個(gè)旅游景點(diǎn)找到了一份工作，開(kāi)著他的迷你火車(chē)，可以載著20到30名游客穿過(guò)美麗的風(fēng)景。此處引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是train，指物，且從句缺少主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填whic