中國文化讀寫專項(xiàng)：中國政府+中國人民- 高考英語常考中國文化讀寫專練+素材積累

Lesson2ChineseGovernment中國政府 TheChineseCommunistPartyistherulingpartyofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.Chinapossessesamulti-party,consultativesystemofgovernmentthatoperatesundertheleadershipoftheCommunistParty. AccordingtotheChineseConstitution,allcitizenseighteenyearsofageandolderhavetherighttovoteandtorunforoffice. TheNationalPeople'sCongressisChina'shigheststatepoliticalorgan,withtherighttoproposeandapprovelegislation.TheStateCouncil,alsoknownastheCentralPeople'sGovernment,isthehigheststateadministrativeorgan. Stateaffairsarecarriedoutaccordingtoadministrativedivisions.People'sCongressesandPeople'sGovernmentsexistattheprovinciallevel(includingautonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment),countylevel(includingcities),andvillagelevel(includingtownships). ThePeople'sCourtisthestateorganofjustice.Thecourtsystemconsistsofthenational-levelPeople'sSupremeCourt,underwhichareprovincial-levelSupremeCourtsforeachprovince,autonomousregion,andmunicipalitydirectlyundertheCentralGovernment,followedbymid-levelandlocal-levelPeople'sCourts.ThePeople'sSupremeCourtisChina'shighestjudicialorgan.ItisresponsibletotheNationalPeople'sCongressanditsStandingCommittee,andsupervisesthejudicialworkofallPeople'sCourts,MilitaryCourts,andotherspecializedcourtsateverylevel.AlllegalactivitiesaresupervisedbythestatePeople'sProcuratorate. ThePeople'sProcuratorateisthestatelegalsupervisoryorgan. Inrecentyears,atrialprogramofdirectelectionofofficialshasbeeninstitutedatthevillageandtownshiplevels,receivingenthusiasticsupportfromlocalpeopleandwidespreadinternationalattention. HongKongandMacaoareSpecialAdministrativeRegions,withindependentelections,legislatures,judiciary,andadministrativesystems.（281words）◆Helper:legislation[?led?is?lei??n]立法TheStateCouncil[?kaunsl]國務(wù)院administrative[?d?ministr?tiv]管理的，行政的autonomous[?:?t?n?m?s]自治的municipality[mju:?nisi'p?l?ti]自治市，直轄市supreme[su:?pri:m]最高的，至高的judicialorgan[d?u:?di??l??:ɡ?n]司法機(jī)構(gòu)StandingCommittee[k??miti]常務(wù)委員會(huì)supervise[?sju:p?vaiz]監(jiān)督legal[?li:ɡ?l]法律的procuratorate['pr?kj??reit?rit]檢察院supervisory[?sju:p?'vaiz?ri]監(jiān)督的；管理的trial[?trai?l]試驗(yàn)的；[法]審訊的institute[?institju:t]建立，開始，著手enthusiastic[in?θju:zi??stik]熱心的，熱情的judiciary[d??'di??ri]司法的◆ChineseBriefIntroduction:中華人民共和國政府，通稱中國政府，是中華人民共和國中央政府和地方政府的總稱。1949年10月1日，毛澤東在北京宣告中華人民共和國中央人民政府成立。1954年9月27日頒布首部憲法，實(shí)行人民代表大會(huì)制度后，全國人民代表大會(huì)是最高國家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)，全國人大及其常委會(huì)是中華人民共和國法律的立法機(jī)關(guān)。中華人民共和國國務(wù)院即1954年后的中央人民政府，統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全國各級(jí)行政機(jī)關(guān)，是最高國家行政機(jī)關(guān)。地方各級(jí)人民政府與當(dāng)?shù)赝?jí)人民法院、人民檢察院合稱一府兩院，都接受當(dāng)?shù)赝?jí)人民代表大會(huì)及其常務(wù)委員會(huì)的監(jiān)督。◆Exercise:I.Questions:1.HowoldisaChinesecitizenwhenhehastherighttovoteandtorunforoffice?2.Whatisthehigheststateadministrativeorgan?3.Whatisthestateorganofjustice?4.WhicharethetwoSpecialAdministrativeRegionsmentionedinthetext?II.Writtenwork：根據(jù)以下提示，用英語寫一篇介紹香港的短文，字?jǐn)?shù)100字左右。香港位于中國的東南部，面積1106平方公里，人口約734萬，被稱為“東方明珠”。1842年鴉片戰(zhàn)爭后，當(dāng)時(shí)的中國政府被迫將香港割讓給英國。1997年她已回到祖國的懷抱。參考詞匯：明珠pearl，鴉片opiumLesson3ChinesePeople中國人民Chinaisaunifiednationconsistingofmanydifferentethnicgroups.Fifty-sixdifferentethnicgroupsmakeupthegreatChinesenationalfamily.BecausetheHanpeopleaccountsformorethanninetypercentofChina'spopulation,theremainingfifty-fivegroupsaregenerallyreferredtoas"ethnicminorities."NexttothemajorityHan,theMongolian,Hui,Tibetan,andUygurpeoplescomprisethelargestethnicgroups.AlthoughChina'sethnicminoritiesdonotaccountforalargeportionofthepopulation,theyaredistributedoveravastarea,livingineverycornerofChina.ParticularlysincetheachievementofChina'sopeningandreformpolicy,thecentralgovernmenthasincreasedinvestmentinminorityareasandacceleratedtheiropeningtotheoutsideworld.Thishasresultedinariseofeconomicdevelopmentintheseareas.EachofChina'sethnicminoritygroupspossessesadistinctiveculture.TheChinesegovernmentrespectsminoritycustoms,andworkstopreserve,study,andcollecttheculturalartifactsofChina'sethnicminoritygroups.Thegovernmentvigorouslysupportsthedevelopmentofminoritycultureandthetrainingofminorityculturalworkers,andfostersthedevelopmentoftraditionalminoritymedicine.TherelationamongChina'sethnicgroupscanbedescribedas"overallintegration,localconcentration,andmutualinteraction."ConcentrationsofethnicminoritiesresidewithinpredominantlyHanareas,andtheHanpeoplealsoresideinminorityareas,indicatingthattherehavebeenextensiveexchangesamongChina'sethnicgroupssinceancienttimes.Withthedevelopmentofthemarketeconomy,interactionamongethnicgroupshasbecomeevenmoreactiveintheareasofgovernment,economics,culture,dailylife,andmarriage.Linkedbyinterdependence,mutualassistance,andjointdevelopment,theircommongoalsandinterestscreatingadeepsenseofsolidarity,China'sethnicgroupsresembleagreatnationalfamily,togetherbuildingChinesecivilization.(290words)◆Helper:ethnic[?eθn?k]種族的accountfor（在數(shù)量、比例上）占Uygur['wi:gu?]維吾爾comprise[k?m?praiz]由…組成distribute[dis?tribju:t]分配，散布investment[in?vestm?nt]投資accelerate[?k?sel?reit]（使）加快distinctive[d??sti?ktiv]有特色的artifact['ɑ:t??f?kt]人工制品，史前古器物vigorously['v?ɡ?r?sli]精神旺盛地，蓬蓬勃勃foster[?f?st?(r)]培養(yǎng)，促進(jìn)predominantly[pr??d?m?n?ntli]占主導(dǎo)地位地solidarity[?s?li?d?riti]團(tuán)結(jié)resemble[ri?zembl]與…相像，類似于◆ChineseBriefIntroduction:中國自古以來就是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的多民族國家。新中國成立后，通過識(shí)別并經(jīng)中央政府確認(rèn)的民族共有56個(gè)。由于漢族以外的55個(gè)民族相對(duì)漢族人口較少，習(xí)慣上被稱為“少數(shù)民族”。中國各民族分布的特點(diǎn)是：大雜居、小聚居、相互交錯(cuò)居住。漢族地區(qū)有少數(shù)民族聚居，少數(shù)民族地區(qū)有漢族居住。這種分布格局是長期歷史發(fā)展過程中各民族間相互交往、流動(dòng)而形成的。中華人民共和國成立后，黨和政府制定了民族平等政策、民族團(tuán)結(jié)政策、民族區(qū)域自治政策和各民族共同發(fā)展繁榮的政策。建國幾十年來，我國各民族結(jié)成了平等、團(tuán)結(jié)、互助的社會(huì)主義民族關(guān)系，曾經(jīng)長期被壓迫、遭歧視的少數(shù)民族真正變成了國家的主人。中國實(shí)施改革開放政策,中央政府已增加投資,加快少數(shù)民族地區(qū)發(fā)展?！鬍xercise:I.Questions:1.HowmanypeoplesarethereinthePeople’sRepublicofChina?2.CanyoulistsomeminoritiesofChina?3.CanyoutalkabouttypicalcharacterofsomeminoritiesofChina?II.Writtenwork：1.假如你叫李華，你和筆友Jane互寄了全家的合影。Jane看了合影后來信問為什么你沒有兄弟姐妹。請(qǐng)用英語寫封100字左右的回信說明情況。內(nèi)容包括以下幾點(diǎn)：原因（1）中國人口增長過快；（2）二十世紀(jì)八十年代開始實(shí)行計(jì)劃生育；（3）大部分中國家庭是獨(dú)生子女?？捶ǎ?）能受到好的教育；父母關(guān)愛更多；（2）孤獨(dú)、自私，生活能力差；建議多交朋友?，F(xiàn)狀已經(jīng)全面放開二孩注意：（1）適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)使行文連貫；（2）字?jǐn)?shù)100左右；（3）開頭已給出，不計(jì)人總字?jǐn)?shù)；（4）參考詞匯；計(jì)劃生育familyprogram獨(dú)生子女theonlychild2.(2016北京卷第一節(jié))

假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國朋友Jim在給你的郵件中提到他對(duì)中國歷史很感興趣，并請(qǐng)你介紹一位你喜歡的中國歷史人物。請(qǐng)你給Jim回信，內(nèi)容包括：

（1）該人物是誰；

（2）

該人物的主要貢獻(xiàn)；

（3）該人物對(duì)你的影響。

注意：

（1）詞數(shù)不少于50；（2）開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Asweallknow,Hangzhou,abeautifulcity,wonthebid（1）September16th2015.Thus,itwillbethethirdChinesecity

（2）(host)thegames.Hangzhouisabeautifulcitywithalonghistory.HostingtheAsianGameswillgiveitanewlook.（3）

theeventwillcostthegovernmentalot,thebenefitsareeasyforustosee.TothecitizensinHangzhou,thebestpartofitis

that

itwillgiveusthechancetowatchworld-classmatchesand（4）(compete)closetohome.Secondly,thereisnodoubt（5）theeventwillattractmorevisitorstoenjoy

（6）

(visit)thiswonderfulcity.Atthesametime,itisgoodforthedevelopmentofthetourism.Meanwhile,astheconstructiongoeson,moreroads

（7）

(build)andtheMetrosystemwillbeexpanded,

（8）

canreducetrafficjams.Inthenextfewyears,Hangzhouwilltryitsbesttoprepare

（9）

forthebigshow.

（10）

splendidHangzhouiswaitingtoseeyouin2022.SuggestedAnswers2.ChineseGovernmentII.Writtenwork:HongKongliesinthesoutheastofChina.Shehasanareaof1,045k㎡andhasapopulationofmorethan6millionandiswell-knownas“thePearloftheEast”.In1842,thethenChinesegovernmentwasforcedtogiveupHongKongtoBritainaftertheOpiumWar,andthepeopleinHongKongsufferedalot.AfterthereturnofHongKongtoChinain1997,thepeopleofHongKongareunitedmorewiththeChinesepeopleinmainlandChina,andtheywillworkhardtomakehermorebeautiful.3.ChinesePeopleII.Writtenwork:1.DearJane,Thankyouforyourletterandthephotoofyourfamily.NowIamwritingtotellyouwhyIamtheonlychildinmyfamily.Asyouknow,thepopulationofChinaisgrowingveryfast.Inordertocontroltherapidincreaseofpopulation,inthe1980sthegovernmentofChinabegantoputintopracticethefamilyprogramme----onechildforeachcouple.Asaresult,mostfamilieshaveonlyonechild.Thechildinthefamilycangetmorelovefromthefamilyandchancestogetbettereducation.Ontheotherhand,the