北師大版高中英語選擇性必修第一冊UNIT2 Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK Lesson1講義

1．Hewhoseizestherightmoment，istherightman.—Goethe誰把握機遇，誰就心想事成?！璧?．Thepeoplewhogetoninthisworldarethepeoplewhogetupandlookforcircumstancestheywant，andiftheycannotfindthem，makethem.—BernardShaw在這個世界上取得成就的人，都努力去尋找他們想要的機會，如果找不到機會，他們便自己創(chuàng)造機會?！挷{3．Youhavetobelieveinyourself.That'sthesecretofsuccess.—CharlieChaplin人必須有自信，這是成功的秘密。——查理·卓別林4．Trynottobecomeamanofsuccessbutrathertrytobecomeamanofvalue.—Einstein不要為成功而努力，要為做一個有價值的人而努力。——愛因斯坦5．Victorywon'tcometomeunlessIgotoit.—M.Moore勝利是不會向我走來的，我必須自己走向勝利。——穆爾Successmeansdifferentthingsfordifferentpeople.Somemayequateitwithfame，somewithwealthandstillsomewithaccomplishments.Forme，itmeansfulfillingone'sdreams.Whateveryourdreamsare，youhaveagoalthereandthenfocusallyourattentiononit.Dreamsbringyouhopeandhappiness.Intheprocessofstrugglingforit，youcry，sweat，complainorevencurse，butthejoyofharvestingmakesyouforgetallthepainsandtroublesyouhavegonethrough.Soanoldproverbsaysthatthesweetestfruitisonethathasundergonethebitterestordeal.Shouldpeoplestoponcetheyhaveachievedsomething?No!Inlife，theyarealwaystryingtomakethingsbetterorhavemoreofthesamesuccess.Athletesareconstantlystriving(努力)toshortentimeforraces，increaseheightsordistances.Theworldofmedicinehashaditsseriesofsuccesses，too.ChristianBarnardperformedseveralsuccessfulhearttransplants.Othermedicalexpertshaveachievedorgantransplants.Throughouttheages，mankindhasfoundtreatmentsandcuresforcancerandotherdiseases.AcureforAIDSmightsoonbediscovered.Successdoesnotbelongonlytotherichandfamous.Itshouldbethegoalofeveryone.Manysuccessfulpeoplehavehadhumblebeginnings.Atwork，westriveforachievement，too.Successmaymeanorganizingaconferencemoreeffectivelyandefficientlyeachyear.Sometimes，itisnotapatonthebackorthepromotionthatmakesitworthwhile.Thejourneytosuccesshasitsroadblocks，discouragementanddistractions.Ittakesgreatresourcefulnessandachievementtoovercomeobstaclesandsetbackstomoveonsuccessfully.[探究發(fā)現(xiàn)]1．Whyathletesareconstantlystrivingtoshortentimeforraces?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．WhatisChristianBarnard'ssuccess?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．Accordingtothepassage，whodoessuccessbelongto?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________SectionⅠTOPICTALK&LESSON1Ⅰ.匹配詞義A．單詞匹配()1.astronaut A．a(chǎn)dj.obeyingtherules()2.disciplined B．n.宇航員()3.enthusiastic C．a(chǎn)dj.感激的()4.appreciative D．a(chǎn)dj.最后的，最終的()5.ultimate E．a(chǎn)dj.feelingorshowing alotofexcitement andinterestaboutsb./sth.()6.commitment F．n.thefactofdoing sth.togetherorof workingtogether towardsasharedaim()7.cooperation G．n.寢室，學生宿舍()8.employee H．n.thewillingnessto workhardandgiveyour energyandtimetoajoboranactivity()9.dormitory I．n.家具()10.furniture J．n.雇員B．短語匹配()1.makesense A．發(fā)跡；出人頭地()2.geton B．退出，脫離；輟學()3.dropout C．有意義；解釋得通()4.turnone'sbackon D．贈送；捐贈()5.giveaway E．不理睬；背棄Ⅱ.默寫單詞1．________n. 象征，標志2．________adj. 樂觀的，樂觀主義的3．________adj. 堅定的；盡心盡力的4．________adj. 有抱負的，有雄心的5．________vt. 欣賞；賞識6．________n. 饑餓，饑荒7．________adj. 內(nèi)疚的，羞愧的8．________n. 教授Ⅰ.語境填詞hunger；guilty；professor；dormitories；optimistic；means；ambitious；symbol；appreciate；career1．Inthispoemthebuddingflower________youth.2．Theyarecautiously________thatthereformswilltakeplace.3．Only________studentsgetthebestmarks.4．Thewhitecolourisa________ofpurity.5．Youcan't________Englishpoetryunlessyouunderstanditsrhythm.6．Myuncleentereduponadiplomatic________attheageofthirty-five.7．Threehundredpeopleinthistownaredyingof______everyday.8．Bobfelt________thathehadnotmadeanattempttosaveher.9．The________adaptedhislecturetohisaudience.10．Mostofthestudentsofthiscollegelivein________．Ⅱ.語法填空之派生詞1．Ifelt________(guilt)aboutnotvisitingmyparentsmoreoften.2．Thousandsaregoing________(hunger)becauseofthefailureofthisyear'sharvest.3．IputapillowonthesaddlesothatIcouldride______(comfortable)．4．Everysingle________(employ)turnedupatthemeeting，evenpeoplewhousuallystayedaway.5．Hewas________(determine)togivehisfamilyasecureandsolidbase.6．Thegovernmentis________(commit)toprotectingtheinterestsoftenants.7．Theheadmasterinourschoolhopesthatwewillbemore________(ambition)whenwegraduatethanwhenwegotadmitted.8．Hewasvery________(appreciate)ofhiscolleagues'supportduringhisillness.9．He'sbeenoutofactionfor16monthswithaseriousknee________(injure)．10．Themeetingdiscussedhowtopromote________(cooperate)betweenthetwocountries.1．Theyspendhalfoftheirtimedreamingupwaysofgettingrichandachievingthesuccesstheyexpect，andtherestoftheirtimethinkingaboutallthethingstheywilldooncetheybecomerich.他們花一半時間想象各種發(fā)財和達到他們期望的成功的辦法，_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。2．However，therearepeoplewhohaveturnedtheirbacksontheirmillionsandfoundotherformsofsuccessintheirlives.然而_______________________________，找到了人生中其他形式的成功。3．Hewastiredofbeingregardedaslivingasuccessfullife，asapersonwhohadeverythingwhilemanypeoplehadnothing.他厭倦了被認為是一個擁有一切的人，過著成功的生活，___________________。4．Theydidn'thavethechancetolearnandgetoninlife.他們沒有___________________________________。5．JasonHarleydecidedtodropoutofthiskindoflifestyle，andhediscoveredthathavingonlyalittlemoneymadehimfree.詹森·哈利________________________，他發(fā)現(xiàn)只擁有少量金錢使他獲得了自由。課文助讀①becomeamillionaire成為百萬富翁②asymbolofsuccess成功的象征③ultimategoal最終目標④dreamup虛構，憑空想出⑤thinkabout考慮⑥getthesenseofsuccess獲得成功感⑦lookfor尋找⑧worryabout擔心⑨workhard努力工作⑩becomewealthy變得富有?makemoney賺錢?losethesenseofsuccess失去成功感?turnone'sbackon不理睬；背棄?otherformsofsuccess其他形式的成功?acollegeprofessor大學教授?afortuneoftwomilliondollars兩百萬美元的財產(chǎn)?asmalldormitoryroom小宿舍?second-handfurniture二手家具?takecareof照料?growsomevegetables種些蔬菜?charityshops慈善商店?appreciatethischange欣賞這種變化?bepleasedtodo...很高興做某事?giveup放棄?betiredof厭倦，討厭?regard...as認為……是?makethechoicetodo...決定做……?giveall...moneyaway把……錢財都捐贈出去?bringsb.happiness給某人帶來快樂?livesimply過簡單生活?behelpfultoothers幫助別人?millionsofpeople數(shù)百萬人?dieofhunger餓死?havethechancetolearn有機會學習?geton發(fā)跡；出人頭地?feelveryguilty感到很內(nèi)疚?withoutdoinganything什么都不做?giveaway...to把……贈送給?morethan超過?banknotes鈔票?homelesspeople無家可歸的人?akindofsatisfaction一種滿足?meandoing...意味著?awell-paidjob一份高薪工作?asenseofachievement成就感?comefrom來自；出生于?truemeaninginlife生活的真諦?livecomfortably生活舒適?havenoworries沒有煩惱?dropoutofthiskindoflifestyle放棄這種生活方式eq\o(○,\s\up2(51))bemuchhappier更快樂eq\o(○,\s\up2(52))accordingtoone'svalues按照某人的價值觀原文呈現(xiàn)MONEYVSSUCCESSAngelaJohnsoninterviewsex-millionaireJasonHarleyForalotofpeople，becomingamillionaire①isasymbolofsuccess②andtheysetthisastheirultimategoal③.Theyspendhalfoftheirtimedreamingup④waysofgettingrichandachievingthesuccesstheyexpect，andtherestoftheirtimethinkingabout⑤allthethingstheywilldooncetheybecomerich.(1)Butdoallmillionairesgetthesenseofsuccess⑥theywerelookingfor⑦aftertheyachievetheirgoals？(2)Somecontinuetoworryabout⑧moneywhentheybecomemillionaires—theyworkedhard⑨t(yī)obecomewealthy⑩，butthentheyneedtocontinuemakingmoney?sotheydon'tlosethesenseofsuccess?theyhaveachieved.(3)However，therearepeoplewhohaveturnedtheirbackson?theirmillionsandfoundotherformsofsuccess?intheirlives(4)．JasonHarleyisoneexample.(1)句中theyexpect為定語從句，修飾先行詞success；theywilldo也是定語從句，修飾先行詞things；oncetheybecomerich為時間狀語從句。(2)句中theywerelookingfor為定語從句，修飾先行詞success；aftertheyachievetheirgoals為時間狀語從句。(3)句中but連接表示轉折關系的并列句；so連接表示因果關系的并列句；whentheybecomemillionaires為時間狀語從句；theyhaveachieved為定語從句，修飾先行詞thesenseofsuccess。(4)who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞people。Sixteenyearsago，Jasonwasacollegeprofessor?withahugesix-bedroomhouseandafortuneoftwomilliondollars?.Todayhelivesinasmalldormitoryroom?withonlysecond-handfurniture?.TherearecertainlynosignsthatJasonisarichandsuccessfulman(5)！Thereisasmallgardenoutsidewithafewfruittrees，whichJasonenjoystakingcareof?(6)．Healsogrowssomevegetables?andafewflowers.Hegetshisclothesandalotofotherthingsfromcharityshops?.(5)that引導同位語從句。(6)which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞fruittrees。ButJasonappreciatesthischange?.Heispleasedto?giveup?thelifestyleofarichman.Hewastiredof?beingregardedas?livingasuccessfullife，asapersonwhohadeverythingwhilemanypeoplehadnothing.(7)Hemadethechoiceto?giveallhismoneyaway?.Andthis，hesaid，broughthimhappiness?andasenseofsuccessinlife.(7)句中while引導表示對比關系的并列句，第一個分句中whohadeverything為定語從句，修飾先行詞aperson?！癐don'tneedalotofmoney.Idon'twanttobuymorethings.Ihaveenough，”saidJason.“WhatIwant(8)istolivesimply?andbehelpfultoothers?.Afewyearsago，Iwasamillionaire，butIknewmillionsofpeople?diedofhunger?everyyear，andtherewereplaceswithnoschoolsandnoteachers.Somanypeoplecouldnevergotoschool.Theydidn'thavethechancetolearn?andgeton?inlife.ThisworriedmealotandIfeltveryguilty?beingarichmanwithoutdoinganything?.”(8)what引導主語從句。Thereforehegaveawayallhismoneyto?charities.Wheneverhehadmorethan?twothousanddollars(9)，hewouldgiveawaysmallbanknotes?tohomelesspeople?inthestreetsoflocalareas.“Itwasakindofsatisfaction?andarealsenseofsuccessthatIhadneverfeltbefore(10)，”saidJason.“Sure，manypeoplethinkthat‘success’meanshaving?millionsinthebankorawell-paidjob?(11)．ButIthinkmysenseofachievement?comesfrom?helpingothersandfindingtruemeaninginlife?(12)．”(9)whenever引導時間狀語從句。(10)that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞success。(11)that引導賓語從句。(12)省略that的賓語從句，其中and連接兩個動名詞短語作comesfrom的賓語。Mostpeoplebelievewhentheyarelivingcomfortably?andearningenoughmoney，theywillhavenoworries?.(13)However，mostpeopleneverfeeltheyhaveearnedenough(14)．JasonHarleydecidedtodropoutofthiskindoflifestyle?，andhediscoveredthathavingonlyalittlemoneymadehimfree(15)．Arethereanythingshemissesfromhispast(16)？“No，I'mmuchhappiereq\s\up3(\o(○,\s\up2(51)))now，becauseIamlivingaccordingtomyvalueseq\s\up3(\o(○,\s\up2(52)))(17)．Successisnotmeasuredbyhowmuchmoneyyouhavebutbyhowyouunderstandthetruemeaningoflife.(18)”(13)Mostpeoplebelieve后為賓語從句，其中when...enoughmoney為時間狀語從句。(14)省略that的賓語從句。(15)that引導賓語從句。(16)省略關系代詞that的定語從句，修飾先行詞things。(17)because引導原因狀語從句。(18)句中howmuchmoneyyouhave和howyouunderstandthetruemeaningoflife都作介詞by的賓語。譯文參考金錢與成功安吉拉·約翰遜采訪前百萬富翁詹森·哈利對很多人來說，成為百萬富翁是成功的象征，他們把這作為他們的最終目標。他們花一半時間想象各種發(fā)財和達到他們期望的成功的辦法，另一半時間則用來考慮一旦發(fā)了財他們會干什么。但是，是否所有的百萬富翁在實現(xiàn)他們的目標后都獲得了他們所追求的成功感呢？有些人在成為百萬富翁后仍然擔心錢的問題——他們努力工作成為富人，但之后他們需要繼續(xù)賺錢，這樣他們就不會失去已經(jīng)獲得的成功感。然而有些人卻放棄了百萬家財，找到了人生中其他形式的成功。詹森·哈利就是一個例子。16年前，詹森是一名大學教授，擁有一幢六間臥室的大房子和兩百萬美元的財產(chǎn)。今天他住在一個只有二手家具的小宿舍里。沒有任何跡象表明詹森是一個富有和成功的人！外面有一個小花園，里面有幾棵果樹，詹森喜歡照料它們。他還種了一些蔬菜和花。他的衣服和其他很多東西都是從慈善商店買的。但是詹森很欣賞這種變化。他很樂意放棄富人的生活方式。他厭倦了被認為是一個擁有一切的人，過著成功的生活，而許多人卻一無所有。他決定把自己的錢財都捐贈出去。他說，這給他的生活帶來了快樂和成功感。“我不需要很多錢。我不想買更多的東西。我擁有的已經(jīng)夠多了，”詹森說?！拔蚁胍氖呛唵蔚纳詈蛶椭鷦e人。幾年前，我是一個百萬富翁，但我知道每年有數(shù)百萬人死于饑餓。有些地方?jīng)]有學校，沒有老師。那么多人永遠無法上學。他們沒有接受教育和開啟新生活的機會。這讓我很擔心，我為自己是一個有錢人而什么都不做而感到很內(nèi)疚?！币虼怂阉械腻X都捐給了慈善機構。只要他有兩千多美元，他就會把小面額的鈔票送給當?shù)亟值郎蠠o家可歸的人?！斑@是一種我從未有過的滿足感和真正的成就感，”詹森說。“當然，許多人認為‘成功’意味著銀行里有數(shù)百萬美元或者有一份高薪工作。但我認為我的成就感來自幫助別人并找到生活的真諦?！贝蠖鄶?shù)人相信，當他們生活舒適，并掙到足夠的錢時，他們就不會有任何煩惱。然而，大多數(shù)人總是覺得自己掙得不夠。詹森·哈利決定放棄這種生活方式，他發(fā)現(xiàn)只擁有少量金錢使他獲得了自由。他懷念過去的東西嗎？“不，我現(xiàn)在快樂多了，因為我是按照自己的價值觀生活的。成功不是看你有多少錢，而是看你如何理解生活的真諦?！彼僮x課文，完成下列任務Ⅰ.閱讀判斷判斷以下句子提供的信息是正確(T)，還是錯誤(F)。1．Whenwegetthesuccesswewant，wewillfeelhappy. ()2．Jasonwasregardedasasuccessfulmanbuthewasnothappy. ()3．Bygivingawaymoneyandhelping，Jasonhadasenseofsuccess. ()4．Jasongaveawayallhismoneytocharities. ()5．NothavingmuchgivesJasonmorefreedom. ()Ⅱ.補全信息選擇正確選項填入空白處，補全所給句子提供的信息：A．beingregardedaslivingasuccessfullifeB．takingcareofC．beingarichmanwithoutdoinganythingD．becomingamillionaireE．helpingothersandfindingtruemeaninginlifeF．havingmillionsinthebankorawell-paidjob1．Foralotofpeople，________isasymbolofsuccessandtheysetthisastheirultimategoal.2．Thereisasmallgardenoutsidewithafewfruittrees，whichJasonenjoys________．3．Jasonwastiredof________，asapersonwhohadeverythingwhilemanypeoplehadnothing.4．ThisworriedmealotandIfeltveryguilty________．5．Sure，manypeoplethinkthat“success”means________．細讀課文，完成下列任務Ⅰ.主旨匹配段落主旨大意1.Para.12.Para.23.Para.34.Para.45.Para.5A．Jasonappreciatesthischange.B．Jason'spastandpresent.C．Jasongaveawayallhismoney.D．Jason'sbeliefinlife.E.Jasonlivessimplyandhelpsothers.Ⅱ.課文理解1．Whatdosomemillionairesusuallydoafterbecomingrich?A．Dreamupwaysofgettingmuchricher.B．Trytogetthesenseofsuccess.C．Goonmakingmoney.D．Lookfortheirnewlifegoals.2．HowdoesJasonfeelaboutthelifestyleofarichman?A．Tired. B．Pleased.C．Excited. D．Puzzled.3．WhatdoesJasonwanttodonow?A．Tobuymorethings.B．Togetmoreeducation.C．Tobecomeamillionaireagain.D．Tohelpthosepeopleinneed.4．WhatisJason'sopinionofsuccess?A．Successmeanshavingmillionsinthebank.B．Successmeanshavingawell-paidjob.C．Successmeansfindingtruemeaninginlife.D．Successmeanslivingcomfortablyandfreely.5．HowwouldyoudescribeJasonHarley?A．Stubbornbutkind.B．Humorousandopen-minded.C．Generousandsympathetic.D．Childishbutnice.Ⅲ.續(xù)寫素材積累續(xù)寫素材積累(三)——人物感受A．閱讀文中含有表示人物感受的語句1．Somecontinuetoworryaboutmoneywhentheybecomemillionaires—theyworkedhardtobecomewealthy，butthentheyneedtocontinuemakingmoneysotheydon'tlosethesenseofsuccesstheyhaveachieved.2．Heispleasedtogiveupthelifestyleofarichman.3．Hewastiredofbeingregardedaslivingasuccessfullife，asapersonwhohadeverythingwhilemanypeoplehadnothing.B．判斷下列語句中哪個不是表示人物感受的？1．ThisworriedmealotandIfeltveryguiltybeingarichmanwithoutdoinganything.2．Thereforehegaveawayallhismoneytocharities.3．“ItwasakindofsatisfactionandarealsenseofsuccessthatIhadneverfeltbefore，”saidJason.4．I'mmuchhappiernow，becauseIamlivingaccordingtomyvalues.1．determinevt.決定，確定→________adj.堅定的，堅決的→determinationn．決心，毅力2．disciplinen．自制力vt.懲罰，處罰→________adj.遵守紀律的3．commitvt.犯(罪/錯)；承諾；保證→________adj.堅定的；盡心盡力的→________n．投入忠誠，奉獻；承諾4．a(chǎn)mbitionn．雄心；野心；抱負→________adj.有抱負的，有雄心的5．________vt.欣賞；賞識→________adj.感激的→appreciationn．欣賞；感激，感謝6．injurevt.損害；傷害→________n．傷，損害→injuredadj.受傷的7．cooperatev．合作，協(xié)作→________n．合作，協(xié)作→cooperativeadj.合作的；同心協(xié)力的8．employvt.雇傭→________n．雇員→employern．雇主→employmentn．雇傭，就業(yè)9．________n．饑餓，饑荒→hungryadj.感到饑餓的；挨餓的10．guiltn．有罪；對罪行有責任→________adj.內(nèi)疚的，羞愧的commitmentn．承諾；許諾；允諾承擔；保證；(對工作或活動的)獻身，奉獻，投入；已承諾(或同意)的事；不得不做的事①Shedoesn'twanttomakeabigemotionalcommitmenttoSteveatthemoment. ________②Acareerasanactorrequiresonehundredpercentcommitment. ________③Womenveryoftenhavetojuggleworkwiththeirfamilycommitments.________知識要點1determinedadj.堅定的，堅決的[例]Shegavemeadeterminedlook—thekindthatsaidshewouldnotchangehermind.她給了我一個堅定的眼神——這種眼神表明她是不會改變主意的。[知識拓展](1)bedeterminedtodosth. 決心做某事(表示狀態(tài))(2)determinevt. 決定；確定；下決心determine＋todosth.(3)determinationn.[U]決定；決心[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Hedetermined________(learn)Chinese.②Weweredetermined________(win)thegame.③Ihavedetermined______spendingmyholidayathome.④Shehasthe__________(determine)toovercomealltheobstaclestosucceed.知識要點2committedadj.堅定的；盡心盡力的[例]Heisregardedasacommittedsupporterofaradicalfree-marketeconomicspolicy.他被視為激進的自由市場經(jīng)濟體制政策的堅定支持者。[知識拓展](1)commitvt. 投入；使承諾；犯(罪)commitsb.to(doing)sth. 使某人承諾(做)某事commitoneselfto(doing)sth. 答應(做)某事commitsuicide/acrime/murder 自殺/犯罪/謀殺commitsth.tosth. 調撥；投入(2)commitmentn. 承諾，保證，承擔義務makeacommitment 作出承諾[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Borrowersshouldthinkcarefullybeforecommittingthemselvesto________(take)outaloan.②Thecouncilhascommittedlargeamountsofmoney________housingprojects.③Itisanopenquestionhowlongthat__________(commit)canlast.知識要點3enthusiasticadj.熱心的，熱衷的[例]ShewasevenlessenthusiasticaboutgoingtoSpain.她對去西班牙更是不感興趣。[知識拓展](1)beenthusiasticabout 對某事熱心beenthusiastictodosth. 喜歡做某事(2)enthusiasmn. 熱情；熱心；熱衷的事物[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Heisenthusiastic________bothstudyandphysicallabour.②Andasyoucansee，thechildrenwerereallyencouraged，andtheywerealsoenthusiastic________(read)allofthesebooks.③Withoutcorrectleadership，the__________(enthusiastic)ofthemassescannotbesustained.知識要點4makesense有意義；解釋得通[例]Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有當你把太陽放在那個位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能解釋得通。[知識拓展]makesenseof... 弄懂……的意思makenosense 無意義inasense 在某種意義上innosense 決不；決非(位于句首時，句子用部分倒裝)there'snosenseindoingsth. 做……是沒有道理/作用的[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Ican'tmakesense________thispoem，butperhapsIwill，ifIreaditagain.②In________sense，hissuggestionisverypractical.③Planningsofarahead______________—somanythingswillchange.那么早計劃是沒有意義的——那么多事情會發(fā)生變化。[名師點津]makesense的主語常是“物”，而makesenseof的主語常是“人”。知識要點5injuryn．傷，損害[例]Theinjurytotheirkeyplayercouldbeadecisivefactorinthegame.他們主力隊員受傷可能是這場比賽勝負的決定性因素。[知識拓展](1)dosb.aninjury 傷害某人doaninjurytosb. 傷害某人(2)injurev. 傷害，損害injuredadj. 受傷的[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Smokingdoesaninjury________health.②The________(injure)manmountedhishorsewithdifficulty.知識要點6appreciatevt.欣賞；賞識[例]Iappreciateyourhelpverymuch.我非常感謝你的幫助。[知識拓展](1)appreciate(one's)doingsth. 感激(某人)做某事Iwouldappreciateitif... 如果……我將不勝感激(2)appreciationn. 欣賞；鑒別；感激[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Ireallyappreciateyour______(think)highlyofmywork.②Iwouldappreciate________ifyoucouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtosolvetheseproblems.③Wewouldappreciateyou________(let)usknowofanyproblems.[名師點津]appreciate用法需注意的兩點：(1)appreciate后接動名詞，而不可用不定式作賓語，且不能以“人”作賓語。(2)appreciate后面若跟when/if引導的從句作賓語時，從句前應用it作形式賓語。類似用法的動詞還有hate，love，like，dislike等。知識要點7hungern．饑餓，饑荒[例]Aroundfiftypeopledieofhungereverydayinthecamp.集中營里每天大約有五十人餓死。[知識拓展](1)haveahungerfor 渴望……dieofhunger 死于饑餓(2)hungertodosth. 渴望做某事hungerfor/aftersth. 渴望得到某物(3)hungryadj. 饑餓的；挨餓的[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Idon'tknowabouttherestofyou，butI'm________(hunger)．②Shehungered________somecontactoutsideherowncircumscribedworld.③NewZealandersarestilllearning，stillhaveahunger________answersandarestillonthejourneytodiscoveringtheirownidentity.知識要點8geton發(fā)跡；出人頭地[例]Sheisambitiousandeagertogeton.她雄心勃勃，迫切地想出人頭地。[知識拓展]getalong/onwith 進展；相處getinto 染上(壞習慣)，陷入getacross 通過；被傳達；被理解getover 克服，從……中恢復過來getthrough 接通；完成；通過；渡過getdownto 記下；開始getawaywith 干(壞事)而未受懲罰[即學即練]——完成句子①Thismistakewill____________difficulties.這一錯誤將使他陷入困境。②Don'tattempttocheat—you'llnever____________it.別想著作弊——對作弊者會嚴懲不貸。③Asmilecanhelpus________difficultsituationsandfindfriendsinaworldofstrangers.微笑可以幫助我們渡過難關，在陌生人中找到朋友。④It'simpossible________________him.根本無法跟他相處。知識要點9dropout退出，脫離；輟學[例]Thewindowwasopen，andthepotjustdroppedout.窗戶開著，花盆就掉了出去。[知識拓展]dropback/behind 落后，被拋在后面dropin 順便拜訪dropinto 順便進入(某處)，隨意到(某處)看看dropoff 不知不覺睡著[即學即練]——完成句子①Theywouldunexpectedly________onus.他們會突然順道來訪。②Thecoltwasstrugglingtostaywiththepaceandstartedto________________．那匹小馬奮力要跟上，但還是開始落后了。③Struggleasshemight，shekept____________．盡管她拼命掙扎，還是不停地打瞌睡。重點句式1whenever引導讓步狀語從句(教材P31)Wheneverhehadmorethantwothousanddollars，hewouldgiveawaysmallbanknotestohomelesspeopleinthestreetsoflocalareas.只要他有兩千多美元，他就會把小面額的鈔票送給當?shù)亟值郎蠠o家可歸的人。[句式分析]本句中Wheneverhehadmorethantwothousanddollars是讓步狀語從句，其中Whenever相當于nomatterwhen。[例1]Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties，theycametohelpus.每當我們遇到困難時，他們總來幫助我們。[例2]Giveusacallwheneveryouneedourservice.什么時候需要我們的服務，打個電話就行。[知識拓展](1)“疑問代詞＋ever”可引導兩種類型的從句，即讓步狀語從句和名詞性從句。引導狀語從句時相當于“nomatter＋疑問代詞”。(2)“nomatter＋疑問代詞”只能引導讓步狀語從句。[即學即練]——單句語法填空①________happened，hewouldn'tsayaword.②__________dictionaryyou(may)take，youwillhavetopayatleast20dollars.③Youmayinvite________youlike.重點句式2make復合賓語結構(教材P31)JasonHarleydecidedtodropoutofthiskindoflifestyle，andhediscoveredthathavingonlyalittlemoneymadehimfree．詹森·哈利決定放棄這種生活方式，他發(fā)現(xiàn)只擁有少量金錢使他獲得了自由。[句式分析]句中madehimfree為make＋賓語＋形容詞(作賓語補足語)的復合賓語結構。[例1]ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwastorealizeourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.但是我樂于幫忙，因為我知道，這是為了實現(xiàn)我們黑人和白人平等的夢想。[例2]Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier，nottomakeitmoredifficult.新技術的目的是使生活變得更加容易，而不是變得更加困難。[知識拓展]make作使役動詞，意思是“使成為，使作為，使變成”，其后的復合賓語(即賓語＋賓語補足語)有以下表達方式：(1)make＋賓語＋名詞(作賓語補足語)(2)make＋賓語＋不帶to的不定式(作賓語補足語)(3)make＋賓語＋形容詞(作賓語補足語)(4)make＋賓語＋過去分詞(作賓語補足語)(5)make＋賓語＋介詞短語(作賓語補足語)(6)make＋賓語＋從句(作賓語補足語)(7)make＋形式賓語it＋形容詞或名詞(作賓語補足語)＋帶to的不定式(作真正的賓語)(8)make＋形式賓語it＋形容詞或名詞(作賓語補足語)＋從句(作真正的賓語)[即學即練]——完成句子①Mostpopsingers________________．大多數(shù)流行歌手把音樂當作他們的職業(yè)。②Nobody________________atacertaintime.沒有人讓我們在某一固定時間就寢。③Theteacherraisedhisvoicesothathecould________________.那個老師提高了嗓門以便別人能聽到他。④Wewillsoon________________________．我們不久就要把我們的學校發(fā)展成你們學校目前的樣子。⑤Everyoneshould________________andgetupearly.人人都應該養(yǎng)成早睡早起的習慣。⑥Theywantto________________thattheydoanimportantandnecessaryjob.他們要向公眾表明，他們所做的工作是重要的，是必不可少的。1．Somecontinuetoworryaboutmoneywhentheybecomemillionaires—theyworkedhardtobecomewealthy，butthentheyneedtocontinuemakingmoneysotheydon'tlosethesenseofsuccesstheyhaveachieved.[分析]句中________連接表示轉折關系的并列句；________連接表示因果關系的并列句；whentheybecomemillionaires為________引導的時間狀語從句；theyhaveachieved為省略that/which的定語從句，修飾先行詞________________。[翻譯]有些人在成為百萬富翁后仍然擔心錢的問題——他們努力工作成為富人，但之后他們需要繼續(xù)賺錢，這樣他們就不會失去已經(jīng)獲得的成功感。2．Hewastiredofbeingregardedaslivingasuccessfullife，asapersonwhohadeverythingwhilemanypeoplehadnothing.[分析]句中________引導表示對比關系的并列句；第一個分句中whohadeverything為定語從句，修飾先行詞__________。[翻譯]他厭倦了被認為是一個擁有一切的人，過著成功的生活，而許多人卻一無所有。教材高考1.enthusiasticandambitious(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader，sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.2.ButJasonappreciatesthischange.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn'talotoffoodserved.3....Iwasamillionaire，butIknewmillionsofpeoplediedofhungereveryyear...(2020·天津卷)Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet，soundcannowcreatesilence.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．____________Ivisitedhim，hewasalwaysbusyworking.2．Theheavyrainmade________impossibleforustogoout.3．NexttimeyouareinGuangzhou，pleasedropin________me.4．Leonidas'familyhadbeenpoor，hewent________(hunger)foryears.5．Andwhatisthekeytoexpressinggratitudeand________(appreciate)?6．The________(injure)captain，lyinginthebowoftheboat，saidnothing.7．Thereisnosensein________(worry)aboutsuchathing.8．Hewantstomakesurethatschoolsarecommittedto________(provide)alternativeeducation.9．Therewasanexpressionoffierce____________(determine)onherface.10．Buthesaidheiswillingtobepatientandheremainsoptimistic________thefuture.Ⅱ.短語填空geton；dropout；makesense；turnone'sbackon；giveaway；betiredof1．She____________allherfurniturewhenshewentabroad.2．He________________hiswifewhenhebecamefamous.3．Politicsisseenasaman'sworld.Itisverydifficultforwomento________．4．They____________thedoctorairinghisknowledge.5．I____________ofhighschool.Itboredmetodeath.6．Ididn'tknowwhathewastalkingabout.Itdidn't____________．Ⅲ.課文語法填空Therearecertainlynosigns1.________Jasonisarichandsuccessfulman!However，sixteenyearsago，Jasonwas2.________collegeprofessorwithafortuneoftwomilliondollars.Todayhe3.________(live)inasmalldormitoryroomwithonlysecond-handfurniture.Hegetshisthingsfromcharityshops.ButJasonispleased4.________(give)upthelifestyleofarichman.Hegaveawayallhismoneyto5.________(charity)．Andthisbroughthim6.________(happy)andasenseofsuccessinlife.Wheneverhehadmorethantwothousanddollars，hewouldgiveawaysmallbanknotesto7.________(home)peopleinthestreetsoflocalareas.Hethinkshissenseofachievementcomesfromhelpingothersand8.________(find)truemeaninginlife.Mostpeoplebelievewhentheyareliving9.________(comfortable)andearningenoughmoney，theywillhavenoworries.However，mostpeopleneverfeeltheyhaveearnedenough.JasonHarleysaid，“Successisnotmeasuredbyhowmuchmoneyyouhave10.________byhowyouunderstandthetruemeaningoflife.”動名詞[觀察例句]1．FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.2．Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle，please?3．Sheiswashing，cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.4．DoyouobjecttoLiPing'sjoiningthephysicsgroup?5．Mywalkingstickisthesamelengthasyours.[歸納用法]一、動名詞的作用動名詞具有名詞的性質，因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。1．作主語(1)動名詞作主語往往表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Swimmingismyfavouritesport.游泳是我最喜歡的一項運動。Collectingstampsishishobby.集郵是他的愛好。[名師點津]動名詞和不定式都可以作主語，動名詞作主語表示一般或抽象的多次性行為，不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動作。作賓語時的情況也是如此。Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火危險。(泛指)Becareful！Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.小心點！玩火會帶來危險。(指一具體動作)(2)在Itisnouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/awasteoftime/fun等后需用動名詞作真正的主語。It'snousewaitingforhimanylonger.再等他是沒有用的。It'sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.爭論此事是浪費時間。(3)當句型“Thereisno...”表示“不允許、禁止某種行為的發(fā)生或存在”時，需用動名詞作主語。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.這種事開不得玩笑。2．作賓語(1)作動詞的賓語?？山觿用~作賓語的常見動詞可用下面的口訣記?。罕苊忮e過少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)建議完成多練習(advise，finish，practise)喜歡想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，can'thelp)承認否定與嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)逃避冒險莫原諒(escape，risk，excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打開窗子嗎？(2)英語中有一些動詞短語也常跟動名詞作賓語。常見的跟動名詞作賓語的動詞短語有insiston，objectto，begoodat，leadto，putoff，giveup，lookforwardto，feellike，devoteto，getusedto，payattentionto，beworth等。Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他堅持要按照自己的方法做。Ihaveneverlookedforwardtovisitingthatplace.我從未盼望過要參觀那個地方。(3)有些動詞或詞組后跟動名詞或不定式都可以，但意思不同。stoptodosth.停下來去做某事mean