高中英語必修1Unit4Section5講義

[技法指導(dǎo)]描寫或介紹某一地方的文章是常見的寫作形式，寫此類文章應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1．明確寫作中心，確定寫作目的。通過認(rèn)真審題，同學(xué)們根據(jù)文章的閱讀對象確定其寫作目的，繼而初步確定通過文章要表現(xiàn)這一地方的哪些要素。2．抓取地方的特點(diǎn)或特色事件進(jìn)行寫作。要寫好一個地方必須抓住這個地方區(qū)別于其他地方的特殊之處。雖然位置、面積、環(huán)境、氣候、人口、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、資源等都是表現(xiàn)一個地方的重要手段，但大家應(yīng)在初步列出寫作素材的基礎(chǔ)上，圍繞那些最能表現(xiàn)中心思想、突出地方特色的要素或事件展開寫作，力戒空洞、籠統(tǒng)的詞句和與主題無關(guān)或關(guān)系不大的內(nèi)容。3．安排好寫作順序。在安排寫作要素時大家要根據(jù)實(shí)際需要采用并列、遞進(jìn)、對比等形式構(gòu)建框架，力求寫作要素井然有序、邏輯清晰、渾然一體。4．安排好文章結(jié)構(gòu)。在描寫一個地方的文章中大家可以采用有形或無形的四節(jié)式結(jié)構(gòu)展開寫作，即引題(點(diǎn)明主旨，根據(jù)中心)、蓄勢(抓取地方的突出特點(diǎn))、揭題(詳寫最能體現(xiàn)地方特色的要素或事件)、升華(緊扣主題或議論或抒情)。黃金表達(dá)，教你如何營造亮點(diǎn)1．說明某地的位置：(1)Itisinthemiddleofthecity.(2)ItliesintheeastofBeijing.(3)Itstands/issituatedonthebankoftheChangjiangRiver.(4)Thefactoryisbuiltbyariver.(5)表示某地方位的常用詞語：beside/bythesideof在……旁邊behind/atthebackof在……后面nextto/nearto緊靠著/在……附近ontheright/left在右/左邊in(the)frontof在……前面oppositeto在……對面around在……周圍farfrom遠(yuǎn)離……2．說明某地的自然狀況：Thecityhasmanyparks.Theneighborhoodisverybeautifulandfortabletolivein.Thereisasmallriverrunningthroughthecity.3．說明某地的特色建筑：Moreandmorefactoriesandroadshavebeenbuiltrecently.Agreatstatuehasbeenbuiltinhonorofthoseheroes.4．補(bǔ)充說明或進(jìn)一步說明其他情況：Besides,anewandmodernhospitalhasbeenbuilt/setup.Inaddition,anairportwillbesetupsoon.What'smore,asubwaywillbebuiltinthenearfuture.[寫作規(guī)范][題目要求]大英博物館(TheBritishMuseum)是世界上最著名的博物館之一，請根據(jù)下列表格提供的內(nèi)容，寫一篇短文，刊登在你校的英文報刊上，以便讓更多的同學(xué)了解它。位置倫敦的大羅素廣場(GreatRussellSquare)創(chuàng)辦時間1753成立，1759年1月對公眾開放。歷史1753年，英國的收藏家漢斯·斯隆爵士(DukeHansSloane)在其遺囑中將他的71，000件藏品和大量書籍、手稿等捐給了國家，通過募捐，政府建起了蒙塔古大樓(MontagueBuilding)。博物館在開放后從世界各地獲得了大量的珍貴的藏品。規(guī)模一共包括10個分館，藏有展品700萬件。著名的展品有：《亞尼的死者之書》(TheBookoftheDeadJanie)和羅塞塔石碑(RosettaStone)等。地位世界上歷史最悠久的博物館。注意：1.詞數(shù)：100左右，短文的結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；2．短文要求包含所有要點(diǎn)，但不必逐條翻譯；3．可以適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，增加細(xì)節(jié)以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：手稿manuscriptEveryyear,agreatmanyvisitorsathomeandabroadareattractedthere.[三步作文法]第一步：搜索詞匯1．坐落于be_located_at/in2．建立set_up3．去世pass_away4．募捐collect_money5．全世界all_over_the_world6．被分成be_divided_into7．國內(nèi)外at_home_and_abroad第二步：由詞造句1．大英博物館坐落于倫敦的大羅素廣場，被認(rèn)為是世界上最著名的博物館之一。①Located_at_Great_Russell_Square,_in_London,_theBritishMuseumiswidelybelievedtobeoneofthemostfamousmuseumsintheworld.②TheBritishMuseum,which_is_located_at_Great_Russell_Square,_in_London,_iswidelybelievedtobeoneofthemostfamousmuseumsintheworld.③TheBritishMuseumis_located_at_Great_Russell_Square,_in_London,_andiswidelybelievedtobeoneofthemostfamousmuseumsintheworld.2．隨著時間的發(fā)展，大英博物館從世界各地獲得了大量的珍貴的藏品。①Over_time,_theBritishMuseumhasgotlotsofvaluablecollectionsfromallovertheworld.②With_time_going_by,_theBritishMuseumhasgotlotsofvaluablecollectionsfromallovertheworld.③As_time_goes_by,_theBritishMuseumhasgotlotsofvaluablecollectionsfromallovertheworld.3．大英博物館是世界上歷史最悠久的博物館。①TheBritishMuseumisamuseumwhich_has_the_longest_historyintheworld.②TheBritishMuseumisamuseumhaving_the_longest_historyintheworld.第三步：連句成篇LocatedatGreatRussellSquare,inLondon,theBritishMuseumiswidelybelievedtobeoneofthemostfamousmuseumsintheworld.Itwassetupin1753andwasopentothepublicinJanuary,1759.In1753,afterDukeHansSloane,knownasacollector,passedaway,hisfamilydonatedhis71，000collectionsandlargenumbersofbooksandmanuscripttohiscountryaccordingtohiswill.ThegovernmentbuiltMontagueBuildingbycollectingmoney.Overtime,theBritishMuseumhasgotlotsofvaluablecollectionsfromallovertheworld.TheBritishMuseumisdividedintotenpartsandhasmorethan7millionobjects.Amongthem,theBookoftheDeadJanineandRosettaStonearethemostfamous.TheBritishMuseumisamuseumwhichhasthelongesthistoryintheworld.Everyyear,agreatmanyvisitorsathomeandabroadareattractedthere.[對應(yīng)學(xué)生課時達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練(十六)]Ⅰ.閱讀理解Morethantwothirdsoftheworld'spolarbearswillbewipedoutby2050,accordingtoashockingnewstudy.Bythen,scientistssay，globalwarmingwillhavemelted42percentoftheArcticseaice.By2100,onlyaveryfewoftheseimportantcreatureswillbeleft.ThereporthasbeenproducedbytheUSGeologicalSurvey.ThescientistshavepublicizedtheirfindingsinthehopeofinfluencingUSInteriorSecretaryDirkKempthorne,whohasbeenaskedtoputpolarbearsontheUSendangeredspecieslist.Polarbearsdependonfloatingseaiceasaplatformforhuntingseals,whicharetheirmainfood.Withoutenoughice,polarbearswouldbeforcedtogoontotheland,wheretheyarepoorlyskilledhunters,andwouldbeunlikelytoadapttothelifeonthelandintime.Expertssayfewlittlebearswouldsurviveandthestresscouldmakemanyfemalesunabletogetpregnant.TheteamofAmericanandCanadianscientistsspentsixmonthsstudyingbears，ontheground，fromspotterplanesandinthelab,usingputermodels.Someteammembersfeartheresultisevenworseforthebearsthanwhattheirreportsays.TheysaytheArcticiswarmingfasterthananywhereintheworldandmuchfasterthantheirputerhadbeenforecasting.Satelliteobservationshaveshownthattheicehasdecreasedtoanall-timelow.However,noteveryoneinthescientificmunitybelievesthatglobalwarmingishappeningonsuchanalarmingscale.Anotherinvestigationhasfoundthatpolarbearsarestillbeinghuntedbywealthy“sportsmen”whowanttheirskinsandheads.Atleastteninternationalpaniesofferbear-huntingtrips.語篇解讀：本文通過北極變暖導(dǎo)致北極熊急劇減少的例子來呼吁人們關(guān)注全球變暖，同時提高對瀕危動物的保護(hù)意識。1．WhatdoweknowaboutDirkKempthorneaccordingtothepassage?A．Heisananimalscientist.B．HeisaprotectorofanimalsworkingfortheUSgovernment.C．HewasaskedtoputpolarbearsontheUSendangeredspecieslist.D．Heofferedtoputpolarbearsontheendangeredspecieslist.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“...USInteriorSecretaryDirkKempthorne,whohasbeenaskedtoputpolarbearsontheUSendangeredspecieslist.”可知C項(xiàng)正確，A項(xiàng)錯誤。文章中沒有信息能表明B、D兩項(xiàng)正確，故選C。2．Whywillpolarbearsdieoutifthereisnotenoughseaice?A．Becausepolarbearscan'tcatchenoughfoodwithoutice.B．Becausepolarbearseaticewhentheyfeelthirsty.C．Becausepolarbearswillbeeasilyfoundbyhunterswithoutice.D．Becausemostfemalebearsareusedtogivingbirthunderice.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段第一句“Polarbearsdependonfloatingseaiceasaplatformforhuntingseals,whicharetheirmainfood.”可知A項(xiàng)正確。3．Afterasix-monthstudy,somescientistsfearthat________．A．thereissomethingwrongwiththeirputersB．polarbearswilldisappearevenfasterthantheyeverexpectedC．theirputermodelsarenotasaccurateastheyexpectedD．globalwarmingwilldestroyeverythingintheArctic解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段第二句“Someteammembersfeartheresultisevenworseforthebearsthanwhattheirreportsays.”可知B項(xiàng)正確。4．Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A．Theforecastaboutthefutureofpolarbearsisnotcorrect.B．Globalwarmingwon'thaveanyeffectonhuntingtripsintheArctic.C．Polarbearsareanendangeredspeciesasaresultofbear-hunting.D．Peopledon'tpayenoughattentiontotheprotectionofendangeredspecies.解析：選D段落大意題。根據(jù)“noteveryoneinthescientificmunitybelievesthatglobalwarmingishappeningonsuchanalarmingscale.”可知D項(xiàng)正確。Ⅱ.任務(wù)型閱讀Americansusemanyexpressionswiththeword“dog”.PeopleintheUnitedStateslovetheirdogsandtreatthemwell.1.________However,dogswithoutownerstocareforthemleadadifferentkindoflife.Theexpression,toleadadog'slife,describesapersonwhohasanunhappyexistence.Somepeoplesayweliveinadog-eat-dogworld.2.________Theysaythattobesuccessful,apersonhastoworklikeadog.Thismeanstheyhavetoworkvery,veryhard.Suchhardworkcanmakepeopledogtired.And,thesituationwouldbeevenworseiftheybecamesickasadog.3．________Thismeansthateverypersonenjoysasuccessfulperiodduringhisorherlife.Tobesuccessful,peopleoftenhavetolearnnewskills.Yet,somepeoplesaythatyoucanneverteachanolddognewtricks.Theybelievethatolderpeopledonotliketolearnnewthingsandwillnotchangethewaytheydothings.4．________Peoplewhoareunkindoruncaringcanbedescribedasmeanerthanajunkyarddog.Junkyarddogsliveinplaceswherepeoplethrowawaythingstheydonotwant.Meandogsareoftenusedtoguardthisproperty.Theybarkorattackpeoplewhotrytoentertheproperty.However,sometimesapersonwhoappearstobemeanandthreateningisreallynotsobad.Wesayhisbarkisworsethanhisbite.Dogexpressionsarealsousedtodescribetheweather.Thedogdaysofsummerarethehottestdaysoftheyear.Arainstormmaycooltheweather.Butwedonotwantittoraintoohard.5.________A．Wedonotwantittoraincatsanddogs.B．Still,peoplesayeverydoghasitsday.C．Thatmeansmanypeoplearepetingforthesamethings,likegoodjobs.D．Dogsaretheirbestfriendsandtheyareloyaltopeople.E．Therearemanyotherexpressionswaitingforyoutoexplore.F．Somepeopleareparedtodogsinbadways.G．Theytaketheirdogsforwalks,letthemplayoutsideandgivethemgoodfoodandmedicalcare.語篇解讀：文章介紹了美國人使用許多帶有“dog”的表達(dá)方式。1．解析：選G考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。上一句講述美國人很愛他們的狗，而且對待狗也很好，可知他們會經(jīng)常遛狗，帶狗出去玩兒，為狗提供良好的食物和醫(yī)療護(hù)理。故選G。2．解析：選C考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。這一段講述了如果要成功，就必須像狗一樣地工作。這意味著他們必須工作非常非常努力。可知人們必須努力去競爭得到同樣的東西，比如好的工作。故選C。3．解析：選B考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。后一句講述了人們在一生中總會有成功的那一天。可知前一句說了每個狗都有屬于自己的一天。故選B。4．解析：選F考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。這一段講述了不和善、沒心沒肺的人會被描述為比垃圾狗還冷漠的人。說明在一些不好的方面人還被比作狗。故選F。5．解析：選A考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)前一句暴風(fēng)雨會使得天氣變涼爽，但是我們不想雨下得太大。故選A。Ⅲ.完形填空Recently,IflewtoLasVegastoattendameeting.Aswewereabouttoarrive,thepilotannounced(宣布)withapologythattherewouldbeaslight__1__beforelanding.Highdesertwindshad__2__theairporttocloseallbutonerunway.Hesaidthatwewouldbe__3__thecityforafewminuteswaitingto__4__.Wewerealsotoldtoremaininourseatsmeanwhilewithourseatbeltsfastened__5__theremightbeafewbumps(顛簸).Well,thatfewminutesturnedintoaboutfour－fiveminutes,includingaridethatwouldmakearollercoaster(過山車)paleby__6__．Themovementwassosuddenthatseveralpassengersfelt__7__andhadtouseairsicknessbags(暈機(jī)袋).Asyoumightguess,that'snotgoodthingtohappenina(n)__8__spacebecauseitonly__9__toincreasethedisfortofthesituation.Abouttwentyminutesintotheadventure,theentireairplanebecamevery__10__.Therewasnowasenseofworryandfearthatcouldbe__11__noticed.Everypassengersimplyheldonfordearlife...exceptone.A__12__washavingagoodtime!Witheachbumpofthe__13__hewouldletoutagiggle(咯咯的笑)ofhappiness.AsIobservedthis,I__14__thathedidn'tknowhewassupposedtobeafraidandworriedabouthis__15__.Heneitherthoughtaboutthepastnoraboutthefuture.Thosearewhatwegrown-upshavelearnedfrom__16__.Hewas__17__theridebecausehehadnotyetbeentaughttofearit.Havingunderstoodthis,Itookadeepbreathand__18__backintomyseat,pretendingIwas__19__onarollercoaster(過山車).Ismiledfortherestoftheflight.Ieven__20__togiggleonceortwice,whichismuchtotheangerofthemanwhowassittingnexttomeandholdingtheairsicknessbag.語篇解讀：本文記述了作者的一次經(jīng)歷。一次因開會去拉斯維加斯時，飛機(jī)因沙塵暴而延時降落，在不斷延長的等待和飛機(jī)劇烈的顛簸中，成年人焦急、害怕，唯獨(dú)不知恐懼的嬰兒卻在享受著過山車一樣的顛簸。因此作者也深受啟發(fā)，體驗(yàn)了一次孩子的享受。1．A.mistakeB．delayC．changeD．wind解析：選Bmistake“錯誤”；delay“延遲”；change“變化”；wind“風(fēng)”。根據(jù)“Highdesertwinds...tocloseallbutonerunway”可知，因沙塵暴關(guān)閉所有的跑道，只留一條，故應(yīng)為延時降落，故選B。2．A.forcedB．warnedC．sweptD．reminded解析：選Aforce“強(qiáng)迫”；warn“警告”；sweep“打掃”；remind“提醒”。因?yàn)樯硥m暴迫使(force)機(jī)場關(guān)閉跑道，故選A。3．A.watchingB．visitingC．circlingD．crossing解析：選Cwatch“觀看”；visit“參觀，拜訪”；circle“繞轉(zhuǎn)”；cross“橫穿”。飛機(jī)在等待降落的過程中應(yīng)該是繞城市盤旋，故應(yīng)選C。4．A.arriveB．enterC．stopD．land解析：選Darrive“到達(dá)”；enter“進(jìn)入”；stop“停止”；land“著陸”。根據(jù)上下文句意可知，飛機(jī)要繞城市盤旋幾分鐘以便等待著陸，故選D。5．A.ifB．thoughC．becauseD．while解析：選Cif“如果”；though“盡管”；because“因?yàn)椤?；while“然而”。句意：我們被告知仍在座位上坐好，系好安全帶，因?yàn)轱w機(jī)可能會有幾次顛簸。此處應(yīng)為because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。故選C。6．A.experienceB．parisonC．a(chǎn)dventureD．challenge解析：選Bexperience“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”；parison“比較，對照”；adventure“冒險”；challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”。byparison意為“相比之下”，故選B。7．A.sickB．nervousC．a(chǎn)ngryD．a(chǎn)fraid解析：選Asick“惡心的”；nervous“緊張的”；angry“生氣的”；afraid“害怕的”。句意：像過山車一樣的劇烈運(yùn)動使旅客惡心而不得不用暈機(jī)袋。故選A。8．A.emptyB．narrowC．secretD．open解析：選Bempty“打開的”。narrow“狹窄的”；secret“秘密的”；open“打開的”。此空前的that指的是usingairsicknessbags，也就是發(fā)生在飛機(jī)上狹小空間內(nèi)的嘔吐，因此選用narrow(狹窄的)，后面的space指的是飛機(jī)內(nèi)部空間。故選B。9．A.servesB．continuesC．failsD．happens解析：選Aserve“起……作用，用作……”；continue“繼續(xù)”；fail“失敗”；happen“發(fā)生”。在這種情形下本來就很難受，在飛機(jī)上嘔吐使得這種難受更加強(qiáng)烈。故選A。10．A.quietB．hotC．dirtyD．crowded解析：選Aquiet“安靜的”；hot“熱的”；dirty“臟的”；crowded“擁擠的”。根據(jù)后文中“asenseofworryandfear”可知，人們都很緊張、焦慮，在這種情形下飛機(jī)上的人一定是靜悄悄的。故選A。11．A.partlyB．graduallyC．shortlyD．clearly解析：選Dpartly“部分地”；gradually“漸漸地”；shortly“立刻，馬上”；clearly“清晰地”。飛機(jī)上的焦躁不安，應(yīng)該是能夠很明顯的被觀察到，故選D。12．A.pilotB．babyC．guardD．man解析：選Bpilot“飛行員”；baby“嬰兒”；guard“警衛(wèi)”；man“男人”。此處應(yīng)是“baby”，和下文“wegrown-ups”形成對比，故選B。13．A.seatsB．passengersC．flightD．a(chǎn)irplane解析：選Dseat“座位”；passenger“乘客”；flight“航班”；airplane“飛機(jī)”。由文意可知，飛機(jī)的每一次顛簸讓孩子體驗(yàn)坐過山車一樣的感受，孩子發(fā)出咯咯的笑聲，故選D。14．A.realizedB．hopedC．a(chǎn)greedD．insisted解析：選Arealize“意識到”；hope“希望”；agree“同意”；insist“堅持要求”。句意：我通過觀察，才意識到這個孩子并不知道他應(yīng)該害怕或是擔(dān)心自己的安全，故選A。15．A.healthB．safetyC．joyD．future解析：選Bhealth“健康”；safety“安全”；joy“玩笑”；future“前途”。此處表示，為他的安全擔(dān)心，故選B。16．A.teachersB．booksC．experienceD．practice解析：選Cteacher“老師”；book“書”；experience“經(jīng)歷”；practice“實(shí)踐”。成人都是從孩子時代過來的，是成人的親身經(jīng)歷讓他們知道孩子不知道什么是害怕和擔(dān)心，故選C。17．A.learningB．takingC．missingD．enjoying解析：選Dlearn“學(xué)習(xí)”；take“攜帶”；miss“錯過”；enjoy“享受”。因?yàn)楹⒆硬恢篮ε?，自然是在飛機(jī)的顛簸中享受坐過山車般的快樂，故選D。18．A.satB．layC．wentDrode解析：選Asit“坐”；lie“躺”；go“去”；ride“騎”。sitbackintomyseat意為“坐回到我的座位上”，故選A。19．A.nearlyB．finallyC．reallyD．suddenly解析：選Cnearly“幾乎”；finally“最終”；really“真的”；suddenly“突然”。句意：我坐回到我的座位上，假裝真的坐上了過山車，故選C。20．A.attemptedB．managedC．wantedD．decided解析：選Battempt“試圖”；manage“完成”；want“想要”；decide“決定”。句意：我甚至咯咯地笑了一兩次。作者應(yīng)該是真的笑出了聲，才讓鄰座的手拿嘔吐袋的人懊惱。managetodo“做成了某事”。故選B。Ⅳ.語法填空Oncetherelivedarichman1.________wantedtodosomethingforthepeopleofhistown.2.________firsthewantedtofindoutwhethertheydeservedhishelp.Inthecentreofthemainroadintothe