2024屆陜西省西安市長安區(qū)高三年級下冊一?？荚囉⒄Z試卷（含解析）

2024屆陜西省西安市長安區(qū)高三下學(xué)期一?？荚囉⒄Z試卷

學(xué)校:姓名：班級：考號：

一、閱讀理解

Byourveryroughcalculations,Reader'sDigesthaspublishedsome35,000articlesin

nearly1,200issues.Thesesmallpageshaveheldsomeverybignames,includingU.S.

presidents,worldleaders,sportslegends,and,indeed,thebiggestcontributorsofall,

everydayAmericanswithastorytotell.Thesearesomeofourproudestmoments.

HowtoKeepYoungMentallybyMaryB.Mullett

ThisfirstarticleinthefirstissuehighlightedinventorAlexanderGrahamBellandhis

beliefinlifelonglearning:"Thefirstessentialofanyrealeducationistoobserve.Observe!

Remember!Compare!,5Itwasanappropriatebeginning,reflectingourself-educated

founder'sendlesscuriosity.

FveCometoCleanYourShoesbyMadgeHarrah

Themorningofafamilyfuneral,anacquaintanceshowsupunannouncedandsays,"Tve

cometocleanyourshoes."Hespendsthedayquietlyshiningeverypairinthehouse.The

writerendswith:"Now,wheneverIhearofanacquaintancewhohaslostalovedone.Itryto

thinkofonespecifictasksuitingthatperson'sneed.Andifthepersonsays,uHowdidyou

knowIneededthatdone?51replyjit'sbecauseamanoncecleanedmyshoes.

StrangeEncounteronCohoCreekbyMorrisHomerErwin

AminerspendsdayscampingintheAlaskanwilderness,workinghardtoearnthetrust

ofamotherwolfstuckinatrapbeforesheandherfourpupsstarvetodeath.Eventually,heis

abletofreeher.Fouryearslater,heencountersawolfinthesamemeadow.Yes,thesame

wolf.Whenwesharedthisclassiconin2019,itwentviralandithasnowbeenread

bymanymillionsonlineandinprint.

HowHonestAreWebyRalphKinneyBennett

Ourfamous“walletdrop“setuptheultimatetestofhonesty:Ifweleftwalletsincities

aroundthecountry,howmanywouldbereturned?Welloverhalf,itturnedout-67percent.

Themosthonestcity?Seattle,whoseupstandingresidentsreturnednineoutoftenwallets.

1.WhatdoweknowabouttheacquaintanceinthestoryI'veCometoCleanYourShoes?

A.Heshowsconcernbycleaningshoes.

B.Hecleansshoesattheowner?srequest.

C.Hecomfortstheownerbytellinghisownstory.

D.Hevisitsthehousewheretheownerisseverelysick.

2.Whicharticlegainedsignificantpopularityonline?

A.HowtoKeepYoungMentally.B.I'veCometoCleanYourShoes.

C.StrangeEncounteronCohoCreek.D.HowHonestAreWe.

3.Wherecanthetextbefound?

A.Inahistorybook.B.Inamagazine.C.Inanovel.

D.Inabrochure.

Shortlybeforeheturned60,MarkFuhrmannrealizedwhathewanted.He,now,at65,

hasjustreturnedfromasecondvoyage.His6,835mile-roundtripfromNovaScotiatookin

thegreatlakesoftheUS,theGulfofMexicoandtheAtlantic.

Fuhrmannstartedthesejourneys"tokickstartretirement“fromthemaritimePRbusiness

heraninOsloforthepast30years.Beforehesetoff,inJunelastyear,heswapped（交換）his

houseforaflat,andgreatlyreducedhispossessions."Itwasgoodtogetridofallofthose

thingsandsay:"Thisisn'taphase;thisisanewseason,'"hesays.

Amazingly,hedidn'tplanhistrip,beyondcommittingtofundraiseforMedecinsSans

Frontieres.4<Ithought:Tiltrytodo40kmeachday.'ButIneverknewwhereIwasgoingto

laydownmyhead.^^

Thechallengeswerepsychological,physical,andsometimeslife-threatening.InFlorida,

hewaschasedbyanalligator（短吻魚粵）,butnarrowlyescapedfromit.IntheBostonarea,he

saw“ablackfinmovingtowardsmelikeasnake”.Helayhisoar（戈U槳）acrosshislapand

waited."Ifagreatwhitesharkcanswimleisurely,thafsexactlywhatitdid.Itjustpassedme,“

hesays.Tenminuteslater,Fuhrmannpulledhiskayak（小艇）intoacove,whereheranintoa

manwhoinvitedhimintohishomeforcoffeeandapplepie.Hiswholetripwasfilledwith

theseswitchbacksandmomentsofconnectionwithstrangers,whichFuhrmannexperienced

aseacalltoauthenticity^^.

Whatdoeshemean?"Natureisbomwithinus.Ifyouavoidthat,youavoid

experiencingsomethingthatisvitaltowhoyouareasaperson.Iwantrealthings-lifeisn't

abouthavingmore.Ithinkweneedtoacceptwhereweareatthisstageoflife,at60or65.”

“Ilookatretirementasaseason,hesays.Hestartedhislatestvoyagebecause"I

wantedtohaveabetterunderstandingofwhoIwas.Iwantedtohavetimeformythoughtsto

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wander,torestart,todiscoverthevalueandpowerwithinmyself”

4.WhydidFuhrmanngetridofmostofhispossessions?

A.Tomakedonationstocharity.B.Tostartanewlifeinretirement.

C.Tomakeupforhisbusinessloss.D.Tocollectmoneyforthejourney.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“switchbacks“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Blessings.B.Ambitions.C.Defeats.D.Challenges.

6.WhichofthefollowingmightFuhrmannagreewith?

A.Themeaningoflifeisachievingmore.

B.Oldpeopleshouldtakethingsastheyare.

C.Itisgoodtohavenature-basedexperience.

D.Itisadvisableforagingpeopletoplaysafe.

7.WhydidFuhrmannstarthislatestvoyage?

A.Toreflectonhispast.B.Todiscoverhistrueself.

C.Torelaxhismindandbody.D.Tobefreefromthenoisyworld.

Wemayweepforthedodo,butcouldandshouldwebringthislovelybirdbackfromthe

dead?De-extinctionisthescienceofrestoringlostspeciesandithasbeeninthenewsfor

decades.

Thestoryinmodemtimesbeganin1990whenMichaelCrichtonpublishedhisscience

fictionnovelJurassicPark,inwhichheimaginedaworldwherescientistswereabletobring

dinosaursbacktolife.Crichtonimaginedthatpolymerasechainreaction（PCR）technology

couldbeawaytoamplify（放大）tinyquantitiesofdinosaurDNAandthusbuildaliving

embryo.

Sadly,biologistssoonrealizedthatDNAinfactbreaksdownsuper-fast;evenafter100

years,DNAfrommuseumskinsofdodoswasdecayed（腐爛）beyondrepair.Theycouldbe

sequenced（如!J定序歹U）usingmassivecomputationalpower,butthenonlywithconsiderable

uncertainty.AndevenifyoucaptureaDNAsequence,there'sstilltheproblemofhowyou

getlivingcellstoreadthatsequenceandexpressproteinsthatmakethedinosaurorthedodo.

Butwhywouldanyonewanttoseemammoths,orsomethinglikethem,roaming（漫游）

present-daySiberia?Well,theywereundoubtedlyamazingbeasts.Aswellashuntingthem,

ourdistantancestorspaintedtheirlikenessesincavesacrossEurope.Fascinatingastheymay

be,there'ssomeecologicaljustificationfortheprojecttoo.

Itwasthisdiversityoflandsurface,brokenupbyheavylimbsandrandomlyfertilised

byfaeces（排泄物），thatsupportedsomuchflora（植物群）.Withoutthemammoths,that

diversitydisappeared.Returnthemandlandscapeswouldonceagainbewithavarietyof

species,includingflowersandbushes.

True,ifsnotde-extinctioninthesenseofbringingalong-deadspeciesbacktolife.

Insteadit'smorelikemakinga"dodo”byengineeringamodempigeon,itsclosestrelative,to

becomehugeandflightless.Theresultwouldbeabig,fattypigeonthat,whetheritlooked

likeadodoornot,wouldprobablyfulfilsomeofitsecologicalroles.

Asapalaeontologist,Iwouldofcourselovetoseelivingdinosaurs,mammothsand

dodos.Insomeways,though,Iamrelievedthattheoptimisticclaimsforcloningandgenetic

technologieshavenotbeenborneout.Theslowdowngivesustimetoconsiderthe

outcomes-andhopefullyavoidsomeofMichaelCrichton'smorefeveredimaginings.

8.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Asciencefictionreview.B.ThedevelopmentofDNA.

C.Aninspiredguessofde-extinction.D.TheapplicationofPCRtechnology.

9.Whafsthebarriertocloningalivingembryo?

A.DNAishardtokeepforlong.B.Computationalpowerislimited.

C.Biologistsareopposedtoit.D.LivingcellscanDtbesequenced.

10.Whyarepeopleinterestedincloningextinctspecies?

A.Theyexpecttoseekhuntfun.B.Theylacksourcesofmodemart.

C.Theyneedthemforresearch.D.Theywanttoseebiodiversity.

11.Whafstheauthor'sattitudetowardcloningextinctspecies?

A.Cautious.B.Unclear.C.Dismissive.D.Approving.

Whenwindblowsthroughabigleafmaple（大葉楓），paper-thin,wing-likeseedscalled

samarasgentlyspintowardstheground.Thefruit'stissueallowsthewindtoguideitfurther

awayfromthetree.Inspiredbytheseeds,researchersdesignedatiny,wingedmicrochip,no

largerthanagrainofsand,thatispowerfulenoughtomonitorenvironmentalpollutionand

airbornedisease.

Calledthemicroflier,themicrochiphasnomotortopushitforwardintheairbutinstead

wasdesignedtocatchthewind.Toperfectthemicrochip'sflyingcapabilityandshape,

scientiststookinspirationfromtheformsofvariousairborneseeds.Theresearchteam

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improvedvariousdesignsuntilthemicrofliersflewslowlyandmoresteadilythannature's

samaraseeds.Theslowerfallingrateallowsthemicrochiptokeepflyingforlonger,which

givesitmoretimetocollectdataandmonitorairpollutantsandairbornediseases.

Toperfectthemicroflier5sflight,researcherstookinspirationfromchildren'spop-up

bookstocreatethethree-dimensionalwings.Usually,electronicmicrochipsareflat,

two-dimensionalobjects,butsomethingflatwon'ttakeflight.Tomakethe3-Dshape,John

A.Rogersandhisteambuiltastretchedrubberbasethatthemicrochiprestson.Thewings

popintoflightmodewhentherubberbaseisrelaxed.

ThechipgathersdatawithsensorsacrossitssurfacethatcansenseandmonitorpH

levels,testforheavymetalsorchemicals,andtrackairpollution.Anantenna（天線）onthe

microflierthensendsallthecollecteddatatoacomputerorphone.Rogersandhisteamare

planningtotestouttheelectronicchipssoonbydroppingthousandsofthechipsinafield.

Themicroflierswillchangecolordependingonthenumberofheavymetalspresentinthe

fieldwheretheyland.Adronewillthenflyovertheareaandtakephotosofthemicroflier's

colors,allowingresearcherstomapoutthepollutants.

Rogersandhisteamalsodesignedthemicrochipstobreakdownovertimetoprevent

environmentalpollution.

12.Whatisthewingedmicrochipdesignedtodo?

A.Guideseedsfromthetree.B.Preventairbornediseases.

C.Keeptrackofairqualities.D.Catchthewindtoflyaway.

13.Whatdoparagraph2and3focuson?

A.Whereresearchersdrawinspiration.B.Howthemicroflierhasimproved.

C.Whatthemicrochipdoesforhumans.D.Whythemicroflierfliesmorestably.

14.Whatdotheresearchersdowiththemicroflierinthefuture?

A.Dropchipsinthefield.B.Monitorthesoilcolor.

C.Mapoutairpollutants.D.Handlesoilpollution.

15.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Wingedmicrochipsformonitoringenvironment

B.Microflier:Aflyingdeviceofspreadingseeds

C.Drone:Aphotographerofmicroflier'scolors

D.Electronicchipsforfindingairbornediseases

SoothetheSundayScaries

Astheweekendcomestoanend,manyofusaremissingoutonSundayFundayand

anxiousabouttheupcomingweek.Expertshavenicknamedthisworrythe“Sundayscaries^^.

16

Here'showyoucaneaseyourend-of-weekendanxiety.

WhenstructuringyourSunday,trynottoarrangetoomanyerrandsandchores.Ifyou're

feelingmorestress,ifsimportanttomakespaceforsomeactivitiestorelaxyourself.And

there?snorightwaytodoso——maybeamidafternoonshowerorbath,maybeanengaging

movieorshow.17

Anxietyisanormalhumanexperience,andoneofthemainwaystomanageitisto

identifyyourpersonaltriggers.18Isitadeadline,meeting,orpresentation?Even

ifthere9snotasinglereasonbehindyourSundayanxiety,organizingthestressyouexpect

fromtheweekaheadintosmallpiecescanhelpit.

GettingridoftheSundayscariesisn'tjustaboutminimizingthegloomoftheweek

ahead,either.Havingsomethingtolookforwardtogivesyousomethingpleasingtothink

about,ratherthanonlyfocusingontheanxietyyoufeel.19Insteadoffocusingon

theawfulthingsyouexpectfromtheweek,buildexcitementoveralunchdatewithafriend.

MakeSundaynightsaboutdoingsomethingforyourselftoreduceyouranxietyabout

Monday.Plansomefavoritefoodstoenjoyorgoallinforsomeself-care.20Do

yourbesttohonorthistimeandmakeSundaynightallaboutyou-leavetheworkemailsfor

Mondaymorning.

A.It'saformofshiftingyourthoughts.

B.Thisisanopportunitytogiveyourselfarefreshingtime.

C.Trytofigureoutwhafsreallycausingyoutofeartheweek.

D.Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavetoshiftyourthoughtstosomethingfun.

E.ButeventhoughtheSundayscariesarecommon,theyaremanageable.

F.Itcanbewhateverfeelslikeahelpfuldistractiontorelievefromthestress.

G.Insteadofsittingonthesofaandwatchingtheclock,dosomethingthatyouenjoy.

二、完形填空

Itookajobasareceptionistforapetdoctornearlyfivedecadesago.Asananimallover,

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Iacceptedthe21onconditionthatIwouldn'thavetohelpanywoundedanimals.

Icouldn'tbeartoseeanycreaturein22.

Attheendofmyfirstweek,wewereclosingtheofficefortheday23a

youngmanranuptous.Holdingaseverely24Dobermanpinscherpuppyinhis

arms,25ustosavehislife.Thetwo-month-oldpuppyhadbeenhitbyacar.The

doctorandIranbackintothe26room.Thedoctorworked27forwhat

seemedlikehoursstitchinghimbacktogetheragain.Itwastheeasiestpart.Thepuppyhad

28manybones,includinghisbackbone.Evenifhe29thenextfewdays,we

werequitesurehewouldneverwalkagain.

Thatdayforever30mylife.Thedoctorguidedme,andIbecamehis

31inallthingsmedical.OneofmyfirstjobswastogivethatDobermanpuppydaily

physicaltreatment.Iremembermovinghis32legstotrytokeephismuscles

fromweakening.Weekswentbyuntiloneday,Ifeltthislittle33pushbackever

soslightly.Andhecontinuedtopushbacktillhecouldfinallyusehislegs.

Fast-forwardaboutayear,Iwalkedintotheclinic'scrowdedwaitingroomandcalled

thenameofthenextclient.34,ahugeDobermanstandingquietlyonthe

oppositesideoftheroombrokeawayfromitsownerandrushedtowardme.Ifoundmyself

35againstthewallwiththishugedog36onhisbacklegs,hisfrontpaws

onmyshoulders,washingmyfacewithcountlessandjoyfulkisses!

Iamstillinamazementattheshowofloveand37thedoghadformethat

dayallthoseyearsago.Iwentontobeapetdoctorforthefollowingyearsuntil

38.Inallthetimethathas39andalltheexperiencesIhavehad,I've

40metadogwhodidn'tknowithadbeenrescuedinonewayoranother.

21.A.solutionB.transitionC.positionD.function

22.A.painB.curiosityC.anxietyD.pressure

23.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.while

24.A.frightenedB.ruinedC.huntedD.injured

25.A.beggedB.admiredC.appreciatedD.applied

26.A.dressingB.operatingC.waitingD.meeting

27.A.effortlesslyB.fearlesslyC.tirelesslyD.purposely

28.A.treatedB.removedC.recoveredD.broken

29.A.struggledB.survivedC.sufferedD.challenged

30.A.warnedB.alarmedC.changedD.inspired

31.A.assistantB.audienceC.applicantD.advisor

32.A.slightB.unusualC.strongD.tiny

33.A.partnerB.cheaterC.fighterD.loser

34.A.GraduallyB.SlowlyC.FinallyD.Suddenly

35.A.approachedB.pressedC.limitedD.conquered

36.A.sittingB.jumpingC.standingD.smiling

37.A.gratitudeB.charmC.giftD.beauty

38.A.conferenceB.retirementC.performanceD.graduation

39.A.greetedB.killedC.followedD.passed

40.A.neverB.alwaysC.everD.often

三、語法填空

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Asearlyasthe1980s,HuoqiuCountyinAnhuibegantheproductionoffoiegras(月巴月干

醬).

Now,it41(become)thelargestfoiegrasproductionbaseinthecountry,

withover140foiegrasproduction42(company).Theindustry'sannualoutput

valuereachesupto2billionyuan($280million).Caviar(魚子醬)，foiegras,andblack

trufflesstandoutasthe43(world)threeculinarytreasures.

Traditionallyassociatedwithbeing“imported"and"expensive”,thesedelicacies(佳肴)

havewitnessed44shiftduetolarge-scaledomesticcultivation.This45

(drama)shiftnotonlyboostedthequantityinproductionbutalsoledtoadecline46

prices.

ArecentreportbyTaobaosaid47domesticallysourcedingredientslike

caviarandfoiegrasarenowpricedat48(approximate)halfthecostoftheir

importedcounterparts.Thisshiftenhancesthecost-effectivenessofsuchingredients,

49(make)themincreasinglyprevalentondiningtables.

Currently,Chinacontributesto60percentofglobalcaviarproduction,withthelargest

caviarproductioncompany50(situate)inZhejiangprovince.

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四、改錯

51.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文

中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或

修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

Bycyclingyoucannotonlyenjoythesightsalongthewaybutalsocanexerciseyour

musclesorburnyourfat.Youcanprobableburnalotofcaloriesifyougoforone-hour

bicyclingtrip.Ifweightlossisyourobjection,onepoundaweekisbeneficial.Peoplewho

lostweightquicklyarelikelyregainweightwithinthefirstyear.

Ifcyclingispartofourlife,itisnotnecessarytogiveupsugarandcoffeeatasametime.

Besides,ahealthydietisofgreatimportantaswell.Eatingfruitandvegetablecanfuelyour

bodyonyourcyclingtrips.Ifyoucycleeverydayalongwithhealthyeating,youwillfeel

muchmorehealthier.

五、書信寫作

52.假如你是李華，你校英語廣播站向全校師生征集稿件，題目是MyFavoriteMotto

請你寫一篇短文投稿。內(nèi)容如下：

L名言及意義

2.對你的影響

注意：

詞數(shù)110左右；

MyFavoriteMotto

試卷第10頁，共10頁

參考答案:

1.A2.C3.B

【導(dǎo)語】

本文是說明文。《讀者文摘》在近1200期中發(fā)表了約35,000篇文章，文章介紹了其中最令

人自豪的時刻。

1.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)第二個小標(biāo)題I'veCometoCleanYourShoesbyMadgeHarrah的最后一

句話“ifthepersonsays,'HowdidyouknowIneededthatdone?,Ireply,ifsbecauseamanonce

cleanedmyshoes「（如果這個人說，'你怎么知道我需要做這件事?我回答說，“那是因為曾經(jīng)

有個人給我擦過鞋。"丫'可知，這位擦鞋子的熟人做了力所能及的小事表達(dá)對已經(jīng)失去親人

的朋友的關(guān)心。故選A。

2.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三個小標(biāo)題StrangeEncounteronCohoCreekbyMorrisHomerErwin

中的“Whenwesharedthisclassiconrd.comin2019,itwentviralandithasnowbeenreadby

manymillionsonlineandinprint.（2019年，當(dāng)我們在rd.com分享這部經(jīng)典作品時，它迅速傳

播開來，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有數(shù)百萬人在網(wǎng)上和印刷品上閱讀了它。廣可知，這個故事在網(wǎng)上被瘋狂

轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，非常受歡迎。故選C。

3.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Reader'sDigesthaspublishedsome35,000articlesinnearly1,200

issues....Thesearesomeofourproudestmoments.（《讀者文摘》在近1200期刊物上發(fā)表了

35000篇文章?！@些是最令人自豪的時刻章）”可知，這篇文章是讀者雜志和分享已經(jīng)發(fā)表

過的故事。故選B。

4.B5.D6.C7.B

【導(dǎo)語】

本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了MarkFuhrmann在退休后變賣了大部分財產(chǎn)，開始了航

行，進(jìn)入自己人生中新的季節(jié)的故事。他的旅程充滿了各種曲折，也有與陌生人產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系的

時刻，他享受著與自然相連的經(jīng)歷，期待著在航行中發(fā)現(xiàn)真實的自己。

4.

答案第1頁，共13頁

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Fuhrmannstartedthesejourneys"tokickstartretirement"fromthe

maritimePRbusinessheraninOsloforthepast30years.（Fuhrmann開始這些旅程是為了“啟動

退休生活”，他從自己在奧斯陸經(jīng)營了30年的海事公關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)中退休了）”和“Itwasgoodtoget

ridofallofthosethingsandsay:"Thisisn'taphase;thisisanewseason（擺脫所有這些東西并

說‘這不是一個階段；這是一個新的季節(jié)'是件好事）”可知，F(xiàn)uhrmann變賣了大部分財產(chǎn)是為

了開始退休后的新生活。故選B項。

5.

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞的上文“Thechallengeswerepsychological,physical,andsometimes

life-threatening.InFlorida,hewaschasedbyanalligator（短吻鱷），butnarrowlyescapedfromit.

IntheBostonarea,hesaw“ablackfinmovingtowardsmelikeasnake”.Helayhisoar（戈槳）

acrosshislapandwaited.<4Ifagreatwhitesharkcanswimleisurely,thafsexactlywhatitdid.It

justpassedme,^^hesays.Tenminuteslater,Fuhrmannpulledhiskayak（小艇）intoacove,where

heranintoamanwhoinvitedhimintohishomeforcoffeeandapplepie.（這些挑戰(zhàn)既有心理上

的，也有身體上的，有時甚至危及生命。在佛羅里達(dá)，他被一只短吻鱷追趕，但僥幸逃脫。

在波士頓地區(qū)，他看到“一條黑色的鰭像蛇一樣向我移動”。他把槳放在膝蓋上，等待著?！叭?/p>

果大白鯊可以悠閑地游泳，那么它就是這么做的。它就這么從我身邊掠過，”他說。十分鐘

后，F(xiàn)uhrmann把他的皮艇劃進(jìn)了一個小海灣，在那里他遇到了一個邀請他去他家喝咖啡、

吃蘋果派的男人）”可知，F(xiàn)uhrmann在航行中遇到了很多挑戰(zhàn)，也有幸遇到善良的陌生人。

由此可知，theseswitchbacks指的是上文敘述的這些挑戰(zhàn)，switchbacks意思應(yīng)該是“挑戰(zhàn)，曲

折”，與challenges意思接近。故選D項。

6.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中Fuhrmann所說的話“Natureisbomwithinus.Ifyouavoidthat,you

avoidexperiencingsomethingthatisvitaltowhoyouareasaperson.（自然是與生俱來的。如果

你避免了這些，你就避免了經(jīng)歷一些對你作為一個人來說至關(guān)重要的事情）”可知，F(xiàn)uhrmann

認(rèn)為一個人如果避免與自然接觸，則會缺失很多對于自我很重要的經(jīng)歷。由此可知，他會同

意“擁有基于自然的經(jīng)歷會很好”的觀點。故選C項。

7.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中"Hestartedhislatestvoyagebecause"Iwantedtohaveabetter

understandingofwhoIwas.Iwantedtohavetimeformythoughtstowander,torestart,to

discoverthevalueandpowerwithinmyself."（他開始最近的一次航行是因為“我想更好地了解

答案第2頁，共13頁

我是誰。我希望有時間讓我的思想漫游，重新開始，發(fā)現(xiàn)我內(nèi)心的價值和力量?！保笨芍?，

Fuhrmann是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)真實的自己。故選B項。

8.C9.A10.D11.A

【導(dǎo)語】

本篇是議論文，作者對克隆滅絕物種進(jìn)行了分析。

8.

主旨大意題。文章第二段講到"inwhichheimaginedaworldwherescientistswereabletobring

dinosaursbacktolife.Crichtonimaginedthatpolymerasechainreaction（PCR）technologycould

beawaytoamplify（放大）tinyquantitiesofdinosaurDNAandthusbuildalivingembryo.（在小

說里，他想象了一個科學(xué)家能夠讓恐龍復(fù)活的世界?？巳R頓設(shè)想聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)（PCR）技

術(shù)可能是一種擴(kuò)增（放大）微小數(shù)量的恐龍DNA,從而構(gòu)建了一個活的胚胎。廠可知，第二

段的主要內(nèi)容是一個關(guān)于滅絕動物復(fù)活啟發(fā)性猜測。故選C。

9.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第三段講到"Sadly,biologistssoonrealizedthatDNAinfactbreaksdown

super-fast;evenafter100years,DNAfrommuseumskinsofdodoswasdecayed（腐爛）beyond

repair.（可悲的是，生物學(xué)家很快意識到DNA實際上分解得非?？?；即使在100年后，博物

館里渡渡鳥皮膚上的DNA也腐爛得無法修復(fù)。廠可知，克隆活胚胎的障礙是很難長期保存。

故選Ao

10.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第五段講到"Withoutthemammoths,thatdiversitydisappeared.Returnthem

andlandscapeswouldonceagainbewithavarietyofspecies,includingflowersandbushes.（沒有

長毛象，這種多樣性就消失了。讓他們回歸，景觀將再次出現(xiàn)各種各樣的物種，包括花朵和

灌木。）”可知，人們熱衷于克隆滅絕動物主要是想看到生物的多樣性。故選D。

11.

推理判斷題。文章最后一段講到“Theslowdowngivesustimetoconsidertheoutcomes-and

hopefullyavoidsomeofMichaelCrichton'smorefeveredimaginings（經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩給了我們時間來

考慮結(jié)果——并有望避免邁克爾?克萊頓的一些更狂熱的想象）”可知，作者對克隆滅絕動物持

謹(jǐn)慎的觀點。故選A。

12.C13.B14.D15.A

答案第3頁，共13頁

【導(dǎo)語】

這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種能夠監(jiān)測環(huán)境質(zhì)量的帶翼微芯片。

12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句"Inspiredbytheseeds,researchersdesignedatiny,winged

microchip,nolargerthanagrainofsand,thatispowerfulenoughtomonitorenvironmental

pollutionandairbornediseased受這些種子的啟發(fā)，研究人員設(shè)計了一種微小的帶翼微芯片，

它比一粒沙子還小，但卻足以監(jiān)測環(huán)境污染和空氣傳播疾?。笨芍?，這種芯片被設(shè)計用來監(jiān)

測空氣質(zhì)量。故選C項。

13.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段第二三句"Toperfectthemicrochip'sflyingcapabilityandsh叩e,

scientiststookinspirationfromtheformsofvariousairborneseeds.Theresearchteamimproved

variousdesignsuntilthemicrofliersflewslowlyandmoresteadilythannature'ssamaraseeds.（為

了完善微芯片的飛行能力和形狀，科學(xué)家們從各種通過空氣傳播的種子的形式中獲得靈感。

研究小組改進(jìn)了各種設(shè)計，直到微型飛行器比自然界的翅果種子飛得更慢、更穩(wěn)定）”及第三

段第一句"Toperfectthemicroflier'sflight,researcherstookinspirationfromchildren'spop-up

bookstocreatethethree-dimensionalwings.（為了完善微型飛行器的飛行，研究人員從兒童立

體書中獲得靈感，創(chuàng)造了三維翅膀）”及第三句"Tomakethe3-Dshape,JohnA.Rogersandhis

teambuiltastretchedrubberbasethatthemicrochiprestson.（為了制作3D形狀，JohnA.Rogers

和他的團(tuán)隊制作了一個可拉伸的橡膠底座，讓微芯片固定在上面）”可知，這兩段主要介紹了

研究團(tuán)隊是如何改良和完善微型飛行器的。故選B項。

14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三四五句"Rogersandhisteamareplanningtotestoutthe

electronicchipssoonbydroppingthousandsofthechipsinafield.Themicroflierswillchange

colordependingonthenumberofheavymetalspresentinthefieldwheretheyland.Adronewill

thenflyovertheareaandtakephotosofthemicroflier'scolors,allowingresearcherstomapout

thepollutants（Rogers和他的團(tuán)隊計劃在不久的將來通過在田野中投放數(shù)千個芯片來測試這

種電子芯片。這些微型飛行器會根據(jù)著陸地重金屬含量的多少而改變顏色。然后，一架無人

機(jī)將飛越該地區(qū)，拍攝微型飛行器的顏色，使研究人員能夠繪制出污染物的地圖）”可推知，

這些微型飛行器會根據(jù)著陸地重金屬含量的多少而改變顏色，方便研究人員能夠繪制出土地

污染物的地圖，從而解決土地污染問題。故選D項。

15.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句"Inspiredbytheseeds,researchersdesignedatiny,winged

microchip,nolargerthanagrainofsand,thatispowerfulenoughtomonitorenvironmental

答案第4頁，共13頁

pollutionandairbornediseased受這些種子的啟發(fā)，研究人員設(shè)計了一種微小的帶翼微芯片，

它比一粒沙子還小，但卻足以監(jiān)測環(huán)境污染和空氣傳播疾病。）及第四段第一句"Thechip

gathersdatawithsensorsacrossitssurfacethatcansenseandmonitorpHlevels,testforheavy

metalsorchemicals,andtrackairpollution.（該芯片通過其表面的傳感器收集數(shù)據(jù)，這些傳感器

可以感知和監(jiān)測pH值，測試重金屬或化學(xué)物質(zhì)，并跟蹤空氣污染）”可知，本文主要介紹了

能夠監(jiān)測環(huán)境質(zhì)量的帶翼微芯片。故選A項。

16.E17.F18.C19.A20.B

【導(dǎo)語】

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是如何緩解周日恐慌。

16.

根據(jù)空前的"Expertshavenicknamedthisworrythe"Sundayscaries”.（專家們把這種擔(dān)憂戲稱

為“周日恐慌可知，此處引出本文的話題“周日恐慌”，根據(jù)空后的“Here'showyoucanease

yourend-of