備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語模擬卷（新高考Ⅰ卷專用）（解析版）

備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語模擬卷（新高考I卷專用）黃金卷02（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Aclassmate. B．Asubject. C．Abook.【答案】A【原文】W:Ireallylikeournewclassmate,Linda.Shecantalkaboutmanydifferentsubjects.M:Yes,sheknowsalotbecauseshelikesreadingbooks.2．Howdoesthewomansound?A．Annoyed. B．Surprised. C．Confused.【答案】B【原文】M:Hi,Elizabeth.Happybirthday!W:Oh,Tommy,you’vecome!Ididn’tthinkyou’dmakeittomyparty.M:Yeah.Icamebackonedayearly.Here’syourpresent.3．Whereisthewomanprobably?A．Athome. B．Inacar. C．Inahospital.【答案】C【原文】M:Hey,Lisa.Haveyouseenthedoctoryet?W:Yes.HethoughtmylegwasbrokenandsuggestedthatIshouldtakeanX-ray.Imightneedtostayathomeforalongtime.M:OK.Textmewhenyou’refinishedandI’llcometopickyouup.4．Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A．Tidyupthebackyard. B．Finishherhomework. C．Cleanthecar.【答案】A【原文】M:Mary,canyoutidyupallyourtoysfromthebackyardbeforeyourmomgetshome?W:Surething,Dad.I’mjustfinishingmyhomework.M:OK.I’llbeoutsidecleaningthecarifyouneedme.5．Whenwillthemangettothebusstation?A．At12:00. B．At12:20. C．At12:35.【答案】B【原文】M:I’monthetraintoCentralStation.Itgetsinat12:00.Thatgivesme20minutestogettothebusstation.W:OK.I’llwaitforyouatGate35whenyougethere.It’sthebustoAberdeen.M:Great.Seeyousoon.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6．WhatdoesJennysayaboutthebeginningofrunningherhotel?A．Itwaseasy. B．Itwasinteresting. C．Itwastough.7．HowlongdoesJennyworkduringthebusyseason?A．30hoursaweek. B．45hoursaweek. C．80hoursaweek.【答案】6．C7．B【原文】M:Howlonghaveyoubeenrunningyourhotel,Jenny?W:Istartedalmost10yearsago.M:Wasiteasytostartwith?W:Notatall.Iloveitnow,butitwasreallyhardatfirst.IalmostwishIhadkeptanormaljob.M:Why?W:Well,inthebeginning.Iwasworkingalmost80hoursaweek.M:Eightyhours!W:Youheardmeright.Now,Iworkabout45hoursaweekduringthebusyseason,and30hoursduringtheoff-season.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8．WhatisTomdoingnow?A．Playingcomputergames.B．Doingsomelaundry. C．Choosingapresent.9．Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardsthemanintheend?A．Impatient. B．Doubtful. C．Approving.【答案】8．C9．C【原文】W:Tom,canyouhelpmedosomewashing?M:SorryIcan’t.Ihavesomethingmoreimportanttodorightnow.W:Ibetyouareplayingcomputergames.Stopthatstupidthing!M:ActuallyI’mlookingforaspecialgiftforyourmother’sbirthday.Ifyoudon’tlikethat,I’llstopitrightnow.W:Uh...Inthatcase,Ithinkyoucantakeasmuchtimeasyouneed.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。10．WhatisTimworriedabout?A．Sayingthewrongthing.B．Losinghisstudypartner.C．Havingtoomanyquestions.11．HowdoesTimfeelabouttheargumentbetweenstudentsandteachers?A．Itiscommon. B．Itisshocking. C．Itisexciting.12．Whatwillthewomandonext?A．Takeaclass. B．Workonaproject. C．Haveadiscussion.【答案】10．A11．B12．A【原文】W:AnythingIcanhelpwith.Tim?M:Well,everyoneelseseemssocomfortableaskingquestionsorgivingtheiropinionsinclassdiscussions.Iworryaboutsayingthewrongthing.W:Mostteachersaren’tlookingforaspecificanswer,soIdon’tthinkyouneedtoworry.Asforquestions.ifyoudon’tunderstand.thenyou’reprobablynottheonlyone.M:Somestudentsevenarguewiththeteacher!Ican’timaginethat.W:Actually.teachersdon’tusuallymindaslongasyoumakeagoodargument.M:Theguidelinesforprojectsalsoseemmuchmoreopen-endedthanI’musedto.W:Icanhelpyouwiththatonthisproject.ButIdon’thavetimerightnow.Ihaveanotherclasstogettoin10minutes.Howaboutmeetingupafterclass?M:Thanks.Seeyouthen.聽下面一段長對話,回答小題。13．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inanoffice. B．Inacar. C．Inaclinic.14．Whatdidthemando?A．Heworkedallnight.B．HewatchedTVthewholeday.C．Hewenttoahospitalatmidnight.15．What’swrongwiththeman’sfather?A．Hehasaheartproblem. B．Hehasabadcough. C．Hehasaheadache.16．Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A．Takesomemedicine. B．Domoreexercise. C．Askforleave.【答案】13．B14．C15．A16．C【原文】W:Takecare!Youaredrivingofftheroad.M:I’msorry.Iwasn’tnoticing.W:Youseemtobequitesleepy.Didyousleepwelllastnight?M:Ididn’tsleepthewholenight.W:Why?M:IwatchedTVuntilmidnight.Iwasabouttogotobedwhenmyfathersuddenlygotill.SoIhadtotakehimtothehospital.W:Isyourfatherseriouslyill?M:Yes,very.Thedoctorsayshehastostayinhospitalforsometime.W:Butwhat’swrongwithhim?M:Hehassomethingwrongwithhisheart.W:Whynotaskforleavethismorning?Isuggestyounotgotoworkthismorningandtakeagoodrestathome.M:No,Ican’t.I’mstillnewintheoffice.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。17．Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A．Somewaystokeephealthy.B．Someofhisfavouritesports.C．Thewaytosolveproblems.18．Wheredoesthespeakerprobablylive?A．Inthecountryside. B．Inabigcity. C．Bythesea.19．Whatdidthespeakerdotenyearsago?A．HeclimbedtheAlps.B．HetookpartinLondonMarathon.C．Hefinishedacourseiniceclimbing.20．Whydoesthespeaker’swifeseldomgoclimbing?A．Shehasnotime. B．Sheisn’tstrongenough. C．Sheisafraidofclimbing.【答案】17．B18．A19．C20．B【原文】M:Hi,I’mMike.NowIwanttotellyousomethingaboutmyafter-workactivities.I’minterestedinsports.Iexerciseeverydaytokeephealthy.Ienjoyrunningparticularly.Irunacrossfieldsandjumpoverstreamsaroundmyhomeeverymorning.WhileI’mrunning,Ithinkaboutallsortsofthings.SometimesI’msurprisedtofindthatI’vemanagedtosolvetheproblemthatwasonmymind.I’mgoingtotryLondonMarathonnextyear.It’salonghardrace,butIwanttodoitverymuch.I’minterestedinclimbingaswell.I’llneverbecomeanexpertclimber,butIsuccessfullycompletedacourseiniceclimbingtenyearsago,andIdidaseriesofeasyclimbsintheAlpsduringthenextfewyearsafterthat.Mywifedoesn’tsharemyinterests.Shewentclimbingwithmeoncebutshefoundshefeltillassoonasshegotabout1,000metres.Sowedecidedtofollowdifferenthobbies.Anyway,Ienjoymyselfbydoingsports.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A（23·24上·廈門·階段練習(xí)）Campingtips:Whichovernightwildernessexperienceisrightforyou?Ifyou’reanexperiencedbackpacker,readnofurther.Thisarticleisforcampingrookies,thosewhohaveneversleptbeneaththestarsorhaven’tpitchedatentsincetheiryouthbutareseriouslythinkingaboutovernightinginthewilderness.CarcampingAtitsmostbasic,carcampinginvolvespackingatent,sleepingbag,fold-upchair,coolerandcampstoveintoyourvehicleandstayingatadrive-upcampground.Nearlyeverynationalpark,andmanystateandcountyparksandprivatefacilities,offerdrive-upcampgroundswithrestrooms,potablewater,fireringsorpits,andmaybeevenhotshowers.Sotherearelotsofchoices.Thedownsideofcarcampingisthefactthatthesecampgroundsareoftenpackedwithothercampers.Notalotofprivacy,theycanbenoisy,andpossiblyhinderyourquestofcommuningwithnature.BackpackingNovehiclerequired;justyourfeetandagoodpairofhikingbootsorshoestogetyoutothenextovernightspot.Amulti-dayhikingtripiswithoutdoubtthemostimmersivewaytoexperiencethegreatoutdoors.Differentfrommaybecarcamping,itrequirestheleastexpenseandequipment.Allyoureallyneedareabackpack,sleepingbag,waterbottle,smallfirst-aidkit,enoughfoodtolasttheentiretravel.Itcanbedonejustaboutanywhereontheplanet.BoatCampingWhilethisdoesinvolveowningorrentingawatercraftorusingaferryorwatertaxiservicetoreachtheovernightsite,campingviacanoe,kayak,raftorboatoffersasimilarget-away-from-it-alladventureasbackpacking.Experiencedpaddlersandboatersusuallyprefertocampontheirownalongasecludedshoreline.Butmanyadventureorwildernessoutfittersofferguidedtripsthatcanlastanywherefromacoupleofdaystotwoorthreeweeks.Withaboat,youcansometimescampplacesthatnotevenbackpackerscanreach.21．Whoaretheintendedreaders?A．Red-bloodedmales B．White-collarstaffC．Blue-bloodedtourists D．Green-handcampers22．Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A．Backpackingallowsyoutocommunicatewithnaturedeeply.B．Carcampingisthemosteconomicwaytoexperiencenature.C．Thedrive-upcampgroundsprovidepeoplewithprivateenvironment.D．Boatcampingoffersthesameadventuresasbackpacking.23．Inwhichcolumnwillyoufindthispassage?A．Feature B．Style C．Travel D．Entertainment【答案】21．D22．A23．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了針對于露營新手的幾種露營方式和建議。21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thisarticleisforcampingrookies,thosewhohaveneversleptbeneaththestarsorhaven’tpitchedatentsincetheiryouthbutareseriouslythinkingaboutovernightinginthewilderness.(這篇文章是寫給露營新手的，這些人從年輕時就沒有在星空下睡過覺，也沒有搭過帳篷，但他們正在認真考慮在野外過夜)”可推知，這篇文章的目標讀者應(yīng)該是新手露營者。故選D項。22．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Backpacking中“Amulti-dayhikingtripiswithoutdoubtthemostimmersivewaytoexperiencethegreatoutdoors.(多日徒步旅行無疑是體驗戶外美景的最身臨其境的方式)”可知，背包旅行可以讓你與自然進行深入的交流。故選A項。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及標題“Campingtips:Whichovernightwildernessexperienceisrightforyou?(露營小貼士：哪種過夜的野外體驗適合你？)”和第一段“Ifyou’reanexperiencedbackpacker,readnofurther.Thisarticleisforcampingrookies,thosewhohaveneversleptbeneaththestarsorhaven’tpitchedatentsincetheiryouthbutareseriouslythinkingaboutovernightinginthewilderness.(如果你是一個有經(jīng)驗的背包客，不要再往下讀了。這篇文章是寫給露營新手的，這些人從年輕時就沒有在星空下睡過覺，也沒有搭過帳篷，但他們正在認真考慮在野外過夜)”可知，文章主要講的是針對于露營新手的幾種露營方式和建議。由此推知，你可能在旅行板塊一欄找到這篇文章。故選C項。B（23·24上·福州·期中）IliveinXizhouinYunnanProvince,onthehistoricTeaHorseRoad.IhavetoadmitthatwhenIfirstheardthatPaulSalopekwasgoingtowalktheentireglobeonhisowntwofeet,Iwasblownaway.Icouldn’timaginethattherecouldbesuchanunusualpersonintheworld.LastMay,ImetPaul.HetoldmethatitwashisfirsttimeinChina.Hetalkedtomewithgreatexcitementaboutthehistory,migrations,anddiscoveriesinmyregionofChina.HespokeoftheShu-YanduDao(theSouthernSilkRoad),thetravelsofthe17th-centuryChineseexplorerXuXiake,theTeaHorseRoadandtheearly20th-centuryAmericanbotanistJosephRock.HealsotalkedofXuanzang.PaulconsideredmanyofthemheroesandinasenseChinesepioneersofslowjournalism.IdecidedtoaccompanyPaulonhiswalktowardYunnan.OnSeptember28,2021,wesetout.Ourdaysweresimple:walk,eat,sleep,andrepeat.Wewokeupatsunrise,setoffinhighspirits,andrestedatsunset,draggingourselvesintoexhaustedsleep.Wemetmanypeopleontheroad.Somewerecurious,surroundingusandwatchingus:somegaveusdirections;someinvitedusintotheirhometotakearest;somespokeofthecharmoftheirhometown.Wemetmanybeautifulsouls,simplesoulsandwarmsouls.Wewerewalkingwithourminds.Together,wewereimpressedbythebiodiversityoftheGaoligongMountains.AsIwalkedonancientpathsthroughmountains,Iseemedtoheartheantiquevoicesofpasttravelersurgingmetobecarefulontheroad.Lookingbackonthemorethan200milesIwalkedwithPaul,Icametoarealization.Walkingforitsownsake,whilehealthyandadmirable,isonlyasmallpartofthebenefitofmovingwithourfeet.Adeeperrewardisrediscoveringtheworldaroundus,shorteningthedistancebetweeneachother,andsharingeachother’scultures.24．HowdidthewriterfirstrespondtoPaul’stravelplan?A．Amused. B．Surprised. C．Confused. D．Puzzled.25．WhatcanwelearnaboutPaulSalopekfromparagraph2?A．Hewasawesternjournalist. B．HehadaknowledgeofChina.C．HecametoChinaseveraltimes. D．HewasJosephRock’sacquaintance.26．Whatdoesparagraph4tellusaboutthewriterandPaul?A．Theyhonoredtheancestors. B．Theysetoffinhighspirits.C．Theysatisfiedthelocals’curiosity. D．Theybuiltbondswithpeople.27．Whatisthemainpurposeofthewriter’swritingthetext?A．Toshareandreflectonajourney. B．Tosuggestanewwayoftravel.C．Toadvocateprotectionofbiodiversity. D．TointroduceandpromoteChineseculture.【答案】24．B25．B26．D27．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者住在云南喜洲，在歷史悠久的茶馬古道上，遇到了要用雙腳環(huán)游地球的PaulSalopek，決定陪保羅去云南，描述了他們路上的見聞和感悟。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“IhavetoadmitthatwhenIfirstheardthatPaulSalopekwasgoingtowalktheentireglobeonhisowntwofeet,Iwasblownaway.Icouldn’timaginethattherecouldbesuchanunusualpersonintheworld.(我不得不承認，當我第一次聽說PaulSalopek要用自己的兩只腳走完整個地球時，我驚呆了。我無法想象世界上會有這樣一個不尋常的人。)”可推知，作者最初對保羅的旅行計劃感到吃驚，故選B。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“HespokeoftheShu-YanduDao(theSouthernSilkRoad),thetravelsofthe17th-centuryChineseexplorerXuXiake,theTeaHorseRoadandtheearly20th-centuryAmericanbotanistJosephRock.HealsotalkedofXuanzang.PaulconsideredmanyofthemheroesandinasenseChinesepioneersofslowjournalism.(他談到了蜀鹽渡道（南方絲綢之路）、17世紀中國探險家徐霞客的旅行、茶馬古道和20世紀初美國植物學(xué)家約瑟夫·洛克。他還談到了玄奘。保羅認為他們中的許多人是英雄，在某種意義上是中國慢新聞的先驅(qū)。)”可知，PaulSalopek對中國有一定的了解。故選B。26．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段的“Wemetmanypeopleontheroad.Somewerecurious,surroundingusandwatchingus:somegaveusdirections;someinvitedusintotheirhometotakearest;somespokeofthecharmoftheirhometown.Wemetmanybeautifulsouls,simplesoulsandwarmsouls.Wewerewalkingwithourminds.(我們在路上遇到了很多人。有些人很好奇，圍在我們周圍看著我們；有些人給我們指路;有些人邀請我們到他們家里休息；一些人談到了他們家鄉(xiāng)的魅力。我們遇到了許多美麗的靈魂，簡單的靈魂和溫暖的靈魂。我們在用我們的意念行走。)”可知，第四段主要說明了作者和保羅與人們建立了聯(lián)系。故選D。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Lookingbackonthemorethan200milesIwalkedwithPaul,Icametoarealization.Walkingforitsownsake,whilehealthyandadmirable,isonlyasmallpartofthebenefitofmovingwithourfeet.Adeeperrewardisrediscoveringtheworldaroundus,shorteningthedistancebetweeneachother,andsharingeachother’scultures.(回顧和保羅一起走過的200多英里，我有了一個認識。走路本身，雖然健康和令人欽佩，只是一小部分的好處與我們的腳移動。更深層的回報是重新發(fā)現(xiàn)我們周圍的世界，縮短彼此之間的距離，分享彼此的文化。)”并結(jié)合文章主要講述了作者住在云南喜洲，在歷史悠久的茶馬古道上，遇到了要用雙腳環(huán)游地球的PaulSalopek，決定陪保羅去云南，描述了他們路上的見聞和感悟可推知，文章的目的是分享和回顧一段旅程。故選A。C（23·24上·湖北·階段練習(xí)）Youarewhatyoueat—andwhatyoueatmaybeencodedinyourDNA．Studieshaveindicatedthatyourgeneticsplayaroleindeterminingthefoodsyoufinddeliciousordisgusting.“Everythinghasageneticcomponent,evenifit’ssmall,”saysJoanneCole,ageneticistandaprofessorattheUniversityofColoradoSchoolofMedicine.“Weknowthereissomegeneticcontributiontowhyweeatthefoodsweeat.Canwetakethenextstepandactuallyshowtheexactpositionoftheregionsinthegenome(染色體)?”AnewresearchledbyColehasgottenastepcloser.Throughalarge-scalegenomicsanalysis,herteamhasidentified481genomeregionsthatweredirectlylinkedtodietarypatternsandfoodpreferences.ThefindingswerepresentedattheAmericanSocietyforNutrition’sannualflagshipconference.Theywerebasedona2020NatureCommunicationsstudybyColeandhercolleaguesthatuseddatafromtheU.K.Biobank,apublicdatabaseofthegeneticandhealthinformationof500,000participants.Byscanninggenomes,thenewanalysiswasabletohomeinon194regionsassociatedwithdietarypatternsand287linkedtospecificfoodssuchasfruit,cheese,fish,teaandalcohol.“Thisstudyhadahugenumberofsubjects,sothat’sreallypowerful,”saysMonicaDus,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan,whowasn’tapartofthenewresearchbutstudiestherelationshipbetweengenesandnutrition.“TheotherthingthatIthoughtwasreallygreatisthattheyhavesomanydifferentcharacteristicsthatthey’remeasuringinrespecttodiet.Theyhadcholesterol,thebody,socioeconomicbackgrounds.”Astheresearchadvances,Dussayssuchgenomeanalysescouldpossiblyhelphealthcareproviders—andevenpolicymakers—addresslargerissuesthataffectfoodaccessandhealth.“Insteadoftryingtoobsessovertellingpeopletoeatthisorthat,amorepowerfulinterventionistolinkittomakingsuretherearen’t‘fooddeserts’ortomakesurethatthere’sahigherminimumwage—thingsthathaveabroaderimpact,”shesays.28．WhatisthepurposeofCole’snewresearch?A．ToencodetheroleofDNAindeterminingfoodchoices.B．Toselectgeneticcomponentstightlyrelatedtofoodconsumption.C．Tofigureouttherelationshipbetweengeneticsandfoodpreferences.D．Toidentifyspecificregionsinthegenomerelatedtofoodpreferences.29．What’sparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Theprocessofthestudy. B．Thefindingsofthestudy.C．Thedata-sourceofthestudy. D．Thesignificanceofthestudy.30．WhatdoesMonicaDusmeaninthetext?A．Thesubjectsofthestudyarepowerful.B．Theresearchteamstudiedmanyaspectslinkingtodiet.C．Thegenomeanalyseshavenoprospectinthefuture.D．People’swageshouldberaisedbecauseof“fooddeserts”.31．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．WhatYouEatImpactsYourHealthB．WhatYouEatFormsYourDietaryPatternC．YourGenesMayDetermineYourNutritionalNeedD．YourGenesMayInfluenceWhatYouLiketoEat【答案】28．D29．B30．B31．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項研究，研究表明基因在決定你覺得食物是美味還是難吃方面有一定的作用。28．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Canwetakethenextstepandactuallyshowtheexactpositionoftheregionsinthegenome(染色體)?(我們能進一步準確定位其在染色體中的區(qū)域嗎？)”可知，Cole開展研究就是要確定決定食物偏好基因在染色體上的具體位點。故選D。29．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Theywerebasedona2020NatureCommunicationsstudybyColeandhercolleaguesthatuseddatafromtheU.K.Biobank,apublicdatabaseofthegeneticandhealthinformationof500,000participants.Byscanninggenomes,thenewanalysiswasabletohomeinon194regionsassociatedwithdietarypatternsand287linkedtospecificfoodssuchasfruit,cheese,fish,teaandalcohol.(他們是基于科爾和她的同事在2020年《自然通訊》上發(fā)表的一項研究，該研究使用了英國生物銀行的數(shù)據(jù)，這是一個包含50萬參與者遺傳和健康信息的公共數(shù)據(jù)庫。通過掃描基因組，新的分析能夠鎖定194個與飲食模式相關(guān)的區(qū)域，以及287個與水果、奶酪、魚、茶和酒精等特定食物相關(guān)的區(qū)域)”可知，本段主要講的是研究的結(jié)果及前景。故選B。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“TheotherthingthatIthoughtwasreallygreatisthattheyhavesomanydifferentcharacteristicsthatthey’remeasuringinrespecttodiet.(我認為另一件很棒的事情是他們在飲食方面測量了很多不同的特征)”可推知，研究小組研究了與飲食有關(guān)的許多方面的不同特征。故選B。31．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Youarewhatyoueat—andwhatyoueatmaybeencodedinyourDNA.Studieshaveindicatedthatyourgeneticsplayaroleindeterminingthefoodsyoufinddeliciousordisgusting.(你吃什么就是什么——你吃的東西可能被編碼在你的DNA中。研究表明，你的基因在決定你覺得美味或惡心的食物方面起著重要作用)”及下文介紹可知，文章介紹了一項研究，研究表明基因在決定你覺得食物是美味還是難吃方面有一定的作用。由此可知，YourGenesMayInfluenceWhatYouLiketoEat(你的基因可能會影響你喜歡吃什么)適合作本文最佳標題。故選D。D（23·24上·廣東肇慶·一模）Healthyhumanskiniscoveredwithbacteria(細菌)thatarequicktosettleinanopenwound.Topreventtheseorganismsfromspreadingthroughthebody,whichcanpermanentlyinjureorkillaperson,theinfectedwoundmayneedtobecleanedandtreatedwithantibiotics.Medicalprofessionalstypicallyidentifyinfectionsbyunwrappingandobservingawoundorbyswabbing(用拭子擦拭)itandconductingalaboratorytest.Butremovingawounddressingcanslowdownthehealingprocess.Plus,observationsaresubjective,whileswabteststaketimeandrequirethatapatientbephysicallypresent.Toaddresstheseissues,someresearchteamsaredevelopingdevicesthatsitunderbandagesandcontinuouslymonitorindirectsignsofinfection,suchaschangesinwoundtemperatureoracidity.AndscientistsattheNationalUniversityofSingaporehavenowcreatedanevenmoredirectinfectionsensor.Thissensorcandetectanenzyme(酶)calledDNase.Theenzymeactsasareliableinfectionindicatorbecausedisease-causingbacteriaproduceitinlargeamountsinsidewounds,whereasbacteriaonhealthyskindonot—sotestingforthesubstancereducesthechanceofafalsepositiveresult.Furthermore,DNasebuildsupbeforeotherinfectionsignsappear.Thenewalertsystem,nicknamedthe“wirelessinfectiondetectiononwounds”(WINDOW)sensor,wasdetailedinScienceAdvances.WINDOWsenzyme-sensingpartsrelyonamaterialcalledDNAgel.TheresearchersdevelopedaparticularkindofDNAgelthatremainsstableinwateryenvironments,suchasthehumanbody,butbeginstobreakdowninthepresenceofDNase.Theyconnectedthisgel(凝膠)toachipthatsenseswhenthegelrespondsbysendingasignaltoasmartphone.Thusfar,theteamhasexposedtheDNAgeltowoundswabsfrom18people’swoundstoseehowmuchthematerialdegradedinthepresenceofthebacteria.Theresearchersalsousedthedeviceonsixlivinglabmicewhosewoundswereexposedtothesamebacterialspecies,anditsuccessfullydetectedinfections.32．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theharmofcommonwounds.B．Thetreatmentofinfectedwounds.C．Theinterventiononwoundhealing.D．Thedilemmaofinfectionobservation.33．HowdoestheWINDOWsensordetectinfections?A．Bycomparingwoundacidity.B．BydetectingtheDNaseenzyme.C．Bymeasuringthebacteriaamount.D．Byobservingchangesinwoundcolor.34．WhatcanweexpectoftheWINDOWsensorinthefuture?A．Itwillcutdownthelengthofinfection-treating.B．Itcouldreducethecostofinfectionobservation.C．Itcanmonitorwoundscontinuouslyandremotely.D．Itmighthelpconductlaboratorytestsonwounds.35．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．InnovationsinWoundInfectionDetectionB．RemovingtheDangersofOpenWoundsC．RecognizingtheRoleofDNaseinHealingD．ChallengesinWoundCareandTreatment【答案】32．D33．B34．C35．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種能夠檢測識別傷口感染的新設(shè)備。32．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Medicalprofessionalstypicallyidentifyinfectionsbyunwrappingandobservingawoundorbyswabbing(用拭子擦拭)itandconductingalaboratorytest.Butremovingawounddressingcanslowdownthehealingprocess.Plus,observationsaresubjective,whileswabteststaketimeandrequirethatapatientbephysicallypresent.”（醫(yī)療專業(yè)人員通常通過打開和觀察傷口或通過擦拭傷口并進行實驗室測試來識別感染。但是去除傷口敷料會減緩愈合過程；此外，觀察是主觀的，而棉簽測試需要時間，并且需要患者親自到場。）可知，第一段主要表達了醫(yī)療人員所用的觀察識別感染的方法，在實施過程中還是有一定困難和弊端的，可見是處于困境中。故選D。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theenzymeactsasareliableinfectionindicatorbecausedisease-causingbacteriaproduceitinlargeamountsinsidewounds,whereasbacteriaonhealthyskindonot—sotestingforthesubstancereducesthechanceofafalsepositiveresult.”（這種酶是一種可靠的感染指標，因為傷口內(nèi)的致病細菌會大量產(chǎn)生這種酶，而健康皮膚上的細菌則不會，因此檢測這種物質(zhì)可以減少假陽性結(jié)果的可能性。）和“Thenewalertsystem,nicknamedthe“wirelessinfectiondetectiononwounds”(WINDOW)sensor,wasdetailedinScienceAdvances.”（這種新的警報系統(tǒng)被稱為“傷口無線感染檢測”(WINDOW)傳感器，詳細內(nèi)容發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進展》雜志上。）可知，WINDOW是通過檢測DNase酶來檢測感染的。故選B。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Theyconnectedthisgel(凝膠)toachipthatsenseswhenthegelrespondsbysendingasignaltoasmartphone.”（他們將這種凝膠連接到一個芯片上，該芯片通過向智能手機發(fā)送信號來感知凝膠的反應(yīng)。）可知，在未來，WINDOW感應(yīng)器可以通過智能手機來持續(xù)地進行遠程監(jiān)控傷口情況。故選C。35．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Toaddresstheseissues,someresearchteamsaredevelopingdevicesthatsitunderbandagesandcontinuouslymonitorindirectsignsofinfection,”（為了解決這些問題，一些研究團隊正在開發(fā)一種設(shè)備，這種設(shè)備可以放在繃帶下，持續(xù)監(jiān)測感染的間接跡象）和“AndscientistsattheNationalUniversityofSingaporehavenowcreatedanevenmoredirectinfectionsensor.”（新加坡國立大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在發(fā)明了一種更直接的感染傳感器。）以及下文對這種設(shè)備的介紹可知，本文主要介紹了一種檢測傷口感染的新的設(shè)備，是傷口感染檢測的創(chuàng)新。所以用A項“InnovationsinWoundInfectionDetection”作為本文的標題與文章主題相符合。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（23·24上·山東濟寧·期中）Aworkableandprettyeasysolutiontoimprovingyourlisteningskillsisthatyoubegintorealizehowmuchofyourabilitytobeaneffectivelistenerisreallyaboutyou,nottheotherpersonandhowfascinatingorboringtheyare.36Wetendtoassumethatlisteningislittlemorethanshowingupandpayingattentiontotheotherperson.37It’sworthnoticinghowweinstinctively(本能地)listeninconversationandwhetherornotthatgivenlisteningmodeisreallywhat’scalledfor.Youneedtoidentifyyourpersonal“hotspots”.38Whetherit’stalkingaboutclimatechangeorFather’sDay,whenyouarenotinterestedatall,yourealizeitishardtoconcentrate.Thatkindofself-knowledgecomesbyhavingascientificapproachandobservingyourselfinaction.39Forexample,yoursurroundingenvironment,thetopicathand,orevenparticularcompanymayaffectyourabilitytolisten.Whenyoudothis,youcanmoreeasilyseewhatgetsinthewayofyourabilitytolistenandunderstand.Thusthatmakesmanyofourwork-relatedconversationsmucheasier.Inaperformancerevieworheateddebate,youcanremindyourselfifyou’rehavinganemotionalresponsetofeedbackandarehavingtroublehearingtheotherpersonout.Observingandlearningfromyourbehavior,andnoticinghowyouareaffectedbyyoursurroundingshelpyouuncoveryouruniqueneedsfordoingyourbestlistening.40A．Consideringexternalfactorsisalsoimportant.B．Besides,getcuriousaboutyourconversationstyle.C．Infact,ifthey’reboring,insomewaysthatisonyou.D．Butit’salsodeeplytiedtopayingattentiontoourselves.E．Effectivelisteningisaboutcreatingthespaceforotherstoexpressthemselves.F．Thetopicsarewhatuniquelysetyouoffandemotionallyinspireyouinsomeways.G．Thosearegoingtohelpeverythingfrommeetingstoclientpresentationsrunsmoothly.【答案】36．C37．D38．F39．A40．G【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何從自身的因素出發(fā)，去有效提升傾聽技巧。36．前文“Aworkableandprettyeasysolutiontoimprovingyourlisteningskillsisthatyoubegintorealizehowmuchofyourabilitytobeaneffectivelistenerisreallyaboutyou,nottheotherpersonandhowfascinatingorboringtheyare.(提高傾聽技巧的一個可行且非常簡單的解決方案是，你開始意識到你成為一個有效傾聽者的能力有多大程度上是關(guān)于你自己的，而不是其他人的，以及他們是多么迷人或無聊)”指出提高傾聽技巧在于意識到自己的能力和他人的狀態(tài)，因此C項“Infact,ifthey’reboring,insomewaysthatisonyou.(事實上，如果他們無聊，在某種程度上是你的責(zé)任)”符合語境，承接前文，強調(diào)重點在于自己，其中的boring和前文的boring是同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選C。37．前文“Wetendtoassumethatlisteningislittlemorethanshowingupandpayingattentiontotheotherperson.(我們傾向于認為傾聽只不過是出現(xiàn)并關(guān)注對方)”指出普遍的傾向是認為傾聽的重點在于關(guān)注對方，后文“It’sworthnoticinghowweinstinctively(本能地)listeninconversationandwhetherornotthatgivenlisteningmodeisreallywhat’scalledfor.(值得注意的是，我們在談話中是如何本能地傾聽的，以及這種傾聽模式是否真的是我們所需要的)”強調(diào)要關(guān)注我們自己的情況，因此D項“Butit’salsodeeplytiedtopayingattentiontoourselves.(但它也與關(guān)注我們自己密切相關(guān))”符合語境，指出傾聽也與自身相關(guān)，與前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，引出后文的強調(diào)。故選D。38．前文“Youneedtoidentifyyourpersonal“hotspots”.(你需要確定你個人的“熱點”)”建議確