高考英語復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解

最新高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解（及答案）

一、高中英語閱讀理解

1.閱讀理解

AstudypublishedinthejournalSciencerevealsthatsince1970,birdpopulationsintheUnited

StatesandCanadahavedeclinedby29percent,oralmost3billionbirds.Theresultsshow

tremendouslossesacrossdiversegroupsofbirdsandhabitats-fromiconicsongsterssuchas

meadowlarkstolong-distancemigrantssuchasswallows.

"Thesedataareconsistentwithwhatwe'reseeingelsewhere,"saidcoauthorPeterMarra,

formerheadoftheSmithsonianMigratoryBirdCenter.It'surgenttoaddressongoingthreats,

bothbecausethedominoeffects（多米諾效應(yīng)）canleadtothedecayofecosystemsthathumans

dependonforourownhealthandlivelihoodsandbecausepeopleallovertheworldcherish

birdsintheirownright.Canyouimagineaworldwithoutbirdsong?"

Evidenceforthedeclinesemergedfromdetectionofmigratorybirdsintheairfrom143

NEXRADweatherradarstationsacrossthecontinentinaperiodspanningover10yearsaswellas

fromnearly50yearsofdatacollectedthroughmultiplemonitoringeffortsontheground.Citizen-

scienceparticipantsalsocontributedalot,fortheanalysisincludedcitizen-sciencedatafromthe

NorthAmericanBreedingBirdSurveycoordinatedbytheCanadianWildlifeService-themain

sourcesoflong-term,large-scalepopulationdataforNorthAmericanbirds.

Thestudynotedthatthelargestfactordrivingthesedeclinesislikelythewidespreadlossand

degradationofhabitat,especiallyduetoagriculturalintensificationandurbanization.Other

studieshavedocumenteddeathfrompredation（捕食）bydomesticcats;collisionswithglass,

buildings,andotherstructures;andpervasive（普遍的）useofpesticidesassociatedwith

widespreaddeclinesininsects,anessentialfoodsourceforbirds.Climatechangeisexpectedto

compoundthesechallengesbyalteringhabitatsandthreateningplantcommunitiesthatbirds

needtosurvive.

"It'sawake-upcallthatwe'velostmorethanaquarterofourbirdsintheU.S.andCanada,"

saidcoauthorAdamSmithfromEnvironmentandClimateChangeCanada.Butthecrisisreaches

farbeyondourindividualborders.ManyofthebirdsthatbreedinCanadianbackyardsmigrate

throughorspendthewinterintheU.S.andplacesfarthersouth-fromMexicoandtheCaribbean

toCentralandSouthAmerica.Whatourbirdsneednowisanhistoric,hemisphericeffortthat

unitespeopleandorganizationswithonecommongoal:bringingourbirdsback.

（1）Theunderlinedword"decay"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.

A.improvement

B.worsening

C.changed

D.threat

(2)WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Newfindingsoftheresearch.

B.Applicationsoftheresearch.

C.Datasourcesoftheresearch.

0,Methodsoftheresearch.

(3)WhatAdamSmithsaidmainlyimpliesthat.

A.birdpopulationsinAmericaandCanadadroppedbyaquarter

B.thebirdpopulationcrisisisnotjustwithinindividualborders

C.thereislittleindividualscandotohelpincreasebirdpopulations

D.thesolutiontosolvingthecrisisneedsinternationalcooperation

【答案】(1)B

(2)C

(3)D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道。發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的一項研究顯示，美國和

加拿大的鳥類數(shù)量已經(jīng)下降了，鳥類和棲息地都遭受了巨大的損失，作者根據(jù)研究數(shù)據(jù)來

說明解決這些問題迫在眉睫，需要全人類共同努力拯救鳥類。

(1)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的"It'surgenttoaddressongoingthreats,bothbecause

thedominoeffects(多米諾效應(yīng))canleadtothedecayofecosystemsthathumansdependon

forourownhealthandlivelihoods"可知，解決持續(xù)的威脅迫在眉睫，人類依賴生態(tài)系統(tǒng)以生

存和保持健康，這里的威脅指多米諾效應(yīng)會破壞人們的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，可以判斷多米諾效應(yīng)會

讓生態(tài)系統(tǒng)惡化，故選B。

(2)考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段“在過去10年中，在整個非洲大陸143個天氣雷達(dá)站對

候鳥的探測，以及通過在當(dāng)?shù)剡M(jìn)行的多次監(jiān)測工作收集到的近50年的數(shù)據(jù)……公民科學(xué)參

與者也做出了很大貢獻(xiàn)，分析北美繁殖鳥類調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，這是北美鳥類長期、大規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)的

主要來源。"可知，本段主要介紹了研究的數(shù)據(jù)來源，故選C。

(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Whatourbirdsneednowisanhistoric,hemispheric

effortthatunitespeopleandorganizationswithonecommongoal:bringingourbirdsback.w可

知，鳥類現(xiàn)在需要的是一項歷史性的、半球性的努力，把人們和組織團(tuán)結(jié)起來實現(xiàn)一個共

同目標(biāo)：把鳥類帶回來，所以解決這個危機(jī)需要國際合作，故選D。

【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及段落大意，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇新聞報

道。考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答

案。

2.假定你是李華,收到英國筆友George的郵件，請你介紹中國家庭聚會的情況(飲食、時

間、活動等)。請給他寫一封郵件。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

DearGeorge,

Yours,

LiHua

【答案］DearGeorge,

Knowingthatyou'reinterestedinwhatourChinesefamilygatheringsarelike,I'mgladto

introducesomeofmyexperiencewithyou.

WeChineseliketogettogetherwithourfamilyverymuch,especiallyonimportantdayssuch

asfestivalsandbirthdays.Mostofthetime,webringgiftstotheeldersandthekids.Eatingisone

ofthemostnecessarypartofthegathering,whichisusuallypreparedbyfamilymembers

together.Notonlyisthevariousfooddeliciousbutthetimewespendmakingandenjoyingit

togetherisenjoyable.Adultschattingandchildrenplayingaround,thisisthetypicalsceneofa

happyfamilygathering.

Hopeonedayyoucancomeandexperiencebyyourself!

Yours,

LiHua

【解析】【分析】本題是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李華的身份給英國筆友George寫一封

郵件，介紹中國家庭聚會的情況（飲食、時間、活動等）?？忌J(rèn)真閱讀提示，列出提綱

和要點(diǎn)，并以此為基礎(chǔ)充分發(fā)揮自己的想象力，靈活運(yùn)用英語知識，采用不同的表達(dá)方式

將各要點(diǎn)完整地表述出來。寫作時注意時態(tài)、語態(tài)的合理運(yùn)用，主次分明，同時應(yīng)選用合

適的連接詞或過渡詞，適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

【點(diǎn)評】本書面表達(dá)要點(diǎn)齊全，上下文連貫，使用一定數(shù)量的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，讓句子更加生動

豐滿，同時運(yùn)用了許多高級詞匯和固定短語，提高文章的檔次，體現(xiàn)了對英語的熟練的駕

馭能力。例如：Knowingthatyou'reinterestedinwhatourChinesefamilygatheringsarelike,

I'mgladtointroducesomeofmyexperiencewithyou.運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語和賓語從

句；Eatingisoneofthemostnecessarypartofthegathering,whichisusuallypreparedby

familymemberstogether.運(yùn)用了非限制性定語從句；Notonlyisthevariousfooddeliciousbut

thetimewespendmakingandenjoyingittogetherisenjoyable,運(yùn)用了倒裝句，并歹!J句和限制

性定語從句;Hopeonedayyoucancomeandexperiencebyyourself!運(yùn)用了祈使句和并列

句。

3.（2019?北京）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選

項。

Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthanksto

awarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.

Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）called

phytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreate

colourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingon

thetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthof

phytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean's

appearance.

Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intothe

oceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,an

importantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerableto

theocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffect

phytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalso

nutrients.

StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimate

modelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby

3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojects

thatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,

suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andthese

areaswillturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging."she

said,"butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging."

(1)Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.

B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.

C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.

D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"vulnerable"inParagraph3probablymean?

A.SensitiveB.BeneficialC.SignificantD.Unnoticeable

(3)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.

B.Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges

C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate

D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.

(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges

B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain

C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans

D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton

【答案】(1)B

(2)A

(3)D

(4)C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一項最新研究表明，由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會

變得更藍(lán)、更綠。這一現(xiàn)象是因為一種叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因為光線反射的

作用，它們在海洋表面形成了五顏六色的圖案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢的

影響，氣候變暖會改變海洋的主要特征，并影響浮游植物的生長。

(1)段落大意題。第一段"Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbe

bluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”可矢口，至U本世紀(jì)末，

一項新的研究表明，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話，世界上的海洋將會變得更藍(lán)、更

綠。再根據(jù)第二段中的“Attheheartphenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganismscalled

phytoplankton.Becaustofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktonscreate

colourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingon

thetypeandconcentration”可知，這種現(xiàn)象的核心是一種叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，

在光線的作用下在海洋表面形成了五顏六色的圖案。海洋的顏色從綠色到藍(lán)色不等，這取

決于海洋的類型和浮游植物濃度。由此可推斷出這兩段主要敘述了海洋生物是海洋顏色變

化的原因。故選B。

(2)詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanand

canaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunshineandcarbondioxidetogrow,

butalsonutrients.〃可知，氣候變暖會改變海洋的主要特征，并會影響浮游植物的生長。由

此可判斷"Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swamningtrend”可知，浮游植物很

容易受到海洋變暖趨勢的影響。故選A。

(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的"Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswith

littlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,a

warmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener”,可知

Dutkiewicz的模型預(yù)測，目前只有少量浮游植物的藍(lán)色區(qū)域可能會變得更藍(lán)。但是在一些

水域，比如北極，氣候變暖會使浮游植物的生長條件更加成熟，而這些水域會變得更綠

了〃。由此可推斷，浮游植物的生長條件更加成熟，浮游動植物就更多了，這些水域會變得

更綠了。故選D。

(4)主旨大意題。第一段提出文章的主旨"Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,the

world'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”

可知到本世紀(jì)末。一項新的研究表明，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話，世界上的海洋將

會變得更藍(lán)、更綠。再結(jié)合第三段"Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarning

trendWarmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,

可知，〃浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趨勢的影響，變暖改變了海洋的關(guān)鍵特征，并能影響

浮游植物的生長〃?？芍疚闹饕忉寶夂蜃兓瘜Ｑ蠹捌渲参锏挠绊?。故選C。

【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測，段落大意和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一

篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行

分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。

4.(2019?江蘇)請認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，

選出最佳選項。

WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthan

thewashingmachine?Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecent

changes?

Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'sopinions.However,

theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.

ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution,

representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthings

isso"yesterday"thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin"post-industrialsociety"has

ledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造業(yè))withnegativeconsequences

fortheireconomies.

Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmoved

theinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe"digitaldivide"betweentherichcountriesand

thepoorcountries.Thishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodeveloping

countriestobuycomputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.Thequestion,however,iswhether

thisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoseless

fashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmore

affordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychilda

laptopcomputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthosethings

arenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithout

carefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.

Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecent

changesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnow

weliveina"borderlessworld".Asaresult,inthelasttwentyyearsorso,manypeoplehavecome

tobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress,

goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.Believinginsuchaworld,many

governmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsof

capital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.

Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies,

bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels,andformakingtherightcareerchoicesatthe

individuallevel.However,ourfascinationwiththelatest,andourundervaluationofwhathas

alreadybecomecommon,can,andhas,ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.

(1)Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto.

A.alackofconfidenceintechnologyB.aslowprogressintechnology

C.aconflictofpublicopinionsD.awasteoflimitedresources

(2)TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould.

A.takepeople'sessentialneedsintoaccount

B.maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeople

C.ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupport

D.providemoreaffordableinternetfacilities

(3)Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?

A.Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.

B.Believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.

C.Ignoringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.

D.Over-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.

(4)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.

B.Traditionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.

C.Makingrightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.

D.Economicpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.

【答案】(1)D

(2)A

(3)B

(4)B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，介紹了對信息技術(shù)的過分迷戀對國家，對個人，對

慈善事業(yè)都會有不利的影響。

(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“However,theyhavereakimpacts,astheyresultin

misguideduseofscarceresources."可知，對信息技術(shù)的錯誤判斷會導(dǎo)致有限資源的錯誤使

用，也就是資源的浪費(fèi)，故選D。

(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的"Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethings

suchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashing

machineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputeror

settingupInternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymore

important,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessing

therelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.”可知,與其給那些

貧困地區(qū)孩子筆記本電腦或者建網(wǎng)絡(luò)中心，還不如給錢打井，鋪電網(wǎng)或者生產(chǎn)他們買得起

的洗衣機(jī)，這些東西更能改善他們的生活。作者不是說這些東西一定更重要，但是很多捐

贈者沒有仔細(xì)考慮捐贈的東西的長期成本，因此作者建議捐贈者要考慮接受捐贈的人的實

際情況，而不是一味地追求信息化，故選A。

(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段Tnyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasled

peopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsand

transportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina"borderlessworld".以及Believingin

suchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationson

cross-borderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults/7可知，對新東西的迷戀讓人

們認(rèn)為如今通訊技術(shù)和交通的變革讓我們生活在一個無國界的世界。正是認(rèn)為我們生活在

這樣一個世界，很多政府取消了關(guān)于跨國界的資本、勞動力以及商品流動的法律法規(guī)，故

選B?

(4)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ThefascinationwiththeICT(lnformationandCommunication

Technology)revolution,representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswrongly

concludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin

"post-industrialsociety"hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造業(yè))

withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.”可知，對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)呈現(xiàn)的通訊技術(shù)變革的迷戀

讓很多富裕國家做出一個錯誤的結(jié)論，制造產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)過時了，他們應(yīng)該靠創(chuàng)意生活，因而

忽略了制造業(yè)，從而對經(jīng)濟(jì)造成不利影響，故可知，傳統(tǒng)的技術(shù)依然有它的地位，不能被

新興的信息技術(shù)取代，故選B。

【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需

要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。

5.閱讀理解

GarbagesortinghasbecomeahotissuearoundChina,especiallyafterShanghaibegancarrying

outaregulationonJuly1.

Beijing,asaforerunnerinenvironmentalprotection,hasthusbeenexpectedtofollowsuit.The

capitalofthecountryhaslongbeencampaigningforsortingandrecyclinghouseholdwaste,as

partofitsenvironmentaldriveforsustainablegrowth,localmediareported.

Thecurrentregulationgivesgarbagesortingresponsibilitiestogovernmentdepartments,

propertymanagementgroupsandotherorganizations.Italsogivesrulesforcompanies,outlining

howthey'reresponsibleforwastecollection,transportationandtreatment.Onlyindividualsare

notsubjecttoresponsibilities.

Thelong-awaitedrevisionwillsoonchangethesituation,"Takingoutthetrashwithoutsorting

itproperlywillbeillegal,"saidSunXinjun,directoroftheBeijingCommissionofUrban

Management.InShanghai,violatorsarenowfinedupto200yuan($30)fortrash-sorting

violations.ThemaximumfineinBeijingwillnotbelessthanthat,hesaid.

TheBeijingcitygovernmentfirstsetouttopromotegarbagesortingin2009.Authoritieshave

sincecalledoncitizenstosorttheirhouseholdwasteintofourtypes-recyclablewaste,kitchen

trash,dangerouswasteandothers-andleaveitinacorrespondingdustbinortrashcan.Blue-

coloreddustbinssignifyitemswithinarerecyclable,greenrepresentskitchentrash,red

correspondstodangerousmaterialsandgreytootherwaste.

Topromotetheawarenessofgarbagesortingandexpandthebaseofparticipants,authorities

haveemployedworkerstohelpresidentsonthespot.Withintelligentdevices,thosewhothrow

inrecyclablewasteatgivensiteswillberewardedwithbonuspoints,whichcanbeusedtobuy

dailygoods.Atsomecommunities,therearenocolor-codeddustbins.Instead,ascheduled

garbagecollectionserviceisofferedtohelpimprovetheenvironment.Inothercommunities,

workersofferadoor-to-doorservicetocollectrecyclablesorkitchenwaste.

BeijingEnvironmentalSanitationEngineeringGrouphasbeenpromotingnewgarbagesorting

facilitiessuchasrecyclingcabinetsandsmartkitchenwastetrashcanssince2016,XinhuaNews

Agencyreported.Nearly26,000metrictonsofhouseholdwasteisgeneratedacrossBeijingona

dailybasisand29terminalgarbagedisposalfacilitiesareworkingatfullcapacity.Nearly9.3

milliontonsofhouseholdwastewasprocessedinthecitylastyear.

(1)Accordingtothepassage,whichdustbinsshouldsomeusedcokecansbethrowninto?

A.Grey-coloreddustbins.B.Red-coloreddustbins.

C.Green-coloreddustbins.D.Blue-coloreddustbins.

(2)Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.

A.newtechnologyhasbeenappliedtohelpdealwithgarbage

B.BeijingcarriedoutamoresevereruleongarbagesortingthanShanghai

C.thechangeofthecurrentregulationhasarousedobjectionamongcitizens

D.theamountofhouseholdwasteinBeijingisfarfromsomethingdisturbing

(3)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowtoSortGarbageinChina

B.TheCurrentRegulationinBeijing

C.GarbageCollectioninBeijing

D.WasteRecyclingProjectCounts

(4)Thepassagecanbesortedas.

A.abookreview

B.atravelbrochure

C.anenvironmentreport

D.ageographyessay

【答案】(l)D

(2)A

(3)C

(4)C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了垃圾分類在北京的實施情況。

(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的"Blue-coloreddustbinssignifyitemswithinare

recyclable,〃可知，藍(lán)色垃圾箱裝的是可回收垃圾，而用過的可樂罐屬于可回收垃圾，應(yīng)投

入藍(lán)色垃圾箱內(nèi)，故選D。

(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Withintelligentdevices,thosewhothrowin

recyclablewasteatgivensiteswillberewardedwithbonuspoints”可知,有了智能設(shè)備，那些

將垃圾投入到指定垃圾箱的市民將獲得獎勵積分，由此可知，新技術(shù)已應(yīng)用于幫助處理垃

圾，故選A。

(3)考查主題大意。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第二段中的“Beijing,asaforerunnerin

environmentalprotection,hasthusbeenexpectedtofollowsuit.”可知,本文主要介紹了垃圾

分類在北京的實施情況，故選C。

(4)考查推理判斷。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹的是垃圾分類在北京的實施情況，這

屬于環(huán)保話題，因此文章可能是一份環(huán)境報告，故選C。

【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱

讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，同時根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而

選出正確答案。

6.閱讀理解

ThepictureofGeorgeWashingtonisontheone-dollarbill.HeservedasAmerican'sfirst

presidentfrom1789to1797.PresidentWashingtonhasbeencalledthe"Fatherofhiscountry."

ThethirdpresidentoftheUnitedStates,ThomasJefferson,isonthetwo-dollarbill.Hewasthe

mainwriteroftheDeclarationofindependencein1776.Jeffersonwasoneofthemostinfluential

ofthenation'sFoundingFathers.Hewasalsoaplantexpert,architect,musicianandinventor.

AnotherofAmerican'sgreatestpresidents,AbrahamLincoln,isonthefive-dollarbill.Heserved

asthesixteenthpresidentfrom1861until1865.HesuccessfullyledthecountrythroughtheCivil

War,savedtheUnionandendedslavery.

ThepictureofAlexanderHamiltonappearsontheten-dollarbill.Hamiltonwasneverpresident.

ButhewasthefirstSecretaryoftheTreasuryandoneoftheFoundingFathers.Hewasalsoan

economistandpoliticalphilosopher.

AndrewJacksonwastheseventhpresident,servingfrom1829to1837.Hesupportedpopular

democracyandindividualliberty.Hispictureisonthetwenty-dollarbill.

Anotherpresidentisonthefifty-dollarbill.UlyssesS.Grantservedfrom1869to1877.Before

servingaspresident,GrantwasmilitarycommanderofUnionforcesduringtheCivilWar.Under

hiscommand,theUnionArmydefeatedConfederateforces.

Sowhodoyouthinkisontheonehundred-dollarbill?ItisBenjaminFranklin.Franklinwas

neverelectedpresident,butwasoneoftheFoundingFathers.Hewasalsoaleadingwriterand

printer,politicalthinker,politician,postmaster,scientist,inventor,civilactivist,anddiplomat.

TheseAmericanstatesmenareonthefrontofthebills.Thebacksofthenotesshowimages

fromnation'shistoryorfamousplaces.Theyareinorder,theGreatSealoftheUnitedStates,the

signingofDeclarationofIndependenceandtheLincolnMemorial.TheothersaretheTreasury

Building,theWhiteHouse,theCapitolBuildingandindependenceHall.

(1)ThedesignofthebillsshowsthatAmericansvaluestheirpeople's.

A.talentsinmanywaysB.successintheircareers

C.inventionsinnewfieldsD.contributionstothecountry

(2)Forhundredsofyears,thosehistoricmenonthebillsfoughtforthenation's.

A.economyandpowerB.independenceanddemocracy

C.wealthandsuccessD.faithandglory

(3)Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.MenontheMoneyB.theDesignofUSBills

C.HistoryontheMoneyD.theStoryofUSBills

【答案】(1)D

(2)B

(3)A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了各種面值的美元紙幣上偉大人物，以及他們

對國家所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。

(1)考查推理判斷。文章在描述每一種面值的紙幣上的人物時，都著重描寫他們對國家

的作用與影響，GeorgeWashington是第一任總統(tǒng)，ThomasJefferson獨(dú)立宣言的主要起草

者，AbrahamLincoln結(jié)束內(nèi)戰(zhàn),廢除奴隸制，AlexanderHamilton第一個財政部長和開國元

勛之一，AndrewJackson支持大眾民主和個人自由，BenjaminFranklin開國元勛之一，從而

可判斷美國人民看重的是偉人對這個國家做出的貢獻(xiàn)。故選D。

(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"PresidentWashingtonhasbeencalledtheTatherof

hiscountry/"；第二段中的"Jeffersonwasoneofthemostinfluentialofthenation'sFounding

Fathers."及下文對美元上其他人物的介紹可知，文章中提到的這些歷史上著名的人物，無

論是獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭，美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，還是獨(dú)立宣言的起草與簽署都反映出他們?yōu)闋幦业莫?dú)立與

民主所做出的努力與犧牲。故選B。

(3)考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的"ThepictureofGeorgeWashingtonisontheone-dollar

bill.第二段中的ThethirdpresidentoftheUnitedStates,ThomasJefferson,isonthetwo-dollar

bill.”及下文各段的段首句可知，本文主要描述了各種面值的美元紙幣上偉大人物，以及他

們對國家所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。故選A。

【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需

要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。

7.閱讀理解

StandingdeskshavebecomecommonacrossSiliconValley,offeringhealthbenefitstothose

willingtoworkontheirfeet.However,duetotheirhighprice,theyhavefailedtocatchonuntil

now.Recently,IkeahasbroughtoutBekantconvertible(可變換的)standingdeskthatcan

becomeanormaldeskatthetouchofabutton.The$500adjustabledeskcantransformfroma

standarddesktoastandingone,andIkeahopesitcouldmakethestandingdeskmainstream.

Expertssaythatchangingfromaseatedtoastandingdeskcanimproveproductivity.Similar

deskshavebecomeacommonsightattechfirmssuchasGoogle,wheresomeemployeeshave

eveninstalledtreadmill(跑步機(jī))andbicycledesks.

Thedeskisnotthefirst"convertible"onthemarket.Asearlyas2013,StirKinectbroughtout

anadjustabledesk.The$3,890StirKinectdeskhasamotortoraiseandloweritself,changingit

intoastandingdeskoratraditionaldesk.Thedeskcanevenbeprogrammedtomoveupand

downslightly,makingitappeartotakeagentlebreathtoremindtheusertochangetheir

positions.Tomovebetweensittingandstandingpositions,ownerssimplydoubletaponthe

screen.Thedeskcanlearntheuser'spreferencesovertimeandsuggestthebestseatingposition.

TheStirKinectdeskwascreatedbyateamofex-AppleandDisneyengineers.Ithasabuilt-in

touchscreentocontrolandtrackmovement,andcantellusersexactlyhowmanycaloriesthey

burnbystandingduringtheirworkingday.ItalsohasdevicescontainingpowerpointsandUSB

portsforchargingphones,tokeepcableshidden.

"Ikea'sheight-adjustabledeskisgreatforopeningupthelowerendofthemarket,"saidJP

Labrosse,founderandCEOofStir.

(1)Whatisthetext