高考英語二輪復習 第一部分 題型專題方略 專題一 閱讀理解 第二講 推理判斷題針對訓練-人教版高三英語試題

推理判斷題(一)A(2015·山東濰坊市高三一模)Canyouimagineaworldwithoutchocolate？It’snotsomethingI’dliketodo，soIwasrelievedtoreadthatthere’sauniversitywithaprogrammetosafeguardthefutureofchocolate!TheUniversityofReading，inEngland，hasjustopenedanewclearinghouseforalltheworld’snewcocoavarieties.Theymustbequarantined(進行檢疫)beforetheycanbegrown.Why？Cocoaproductionhitarecordhighof4.4milliontonslastyearbutabout30%ofthepreciouscropisregularlylosttopestsanddiseases.Nowwedon’twantthat，dowe?Demandforchocolatehasbeenincreasingfasterthantheworldsupplyofcocoaandresearchersthinkthatnewvarietiesarekeytosolvingthisproblem.TheUniversityofReadinghasbeenprotectingthequalityofthenewcropsince1985，afterittookoverthetaskfromtheRoyalBotanicalGardensinKew，London.Andithasimproveditsfacilities.Theleaderoftheinstitution’scocoaproject，ProfessorPaulHadley，says，“Oneofthemainissuesconcerningcocoaimprovementisthesupplyofreliablyclean，healthy，interestingcocoamaterial.”Thecocoacentrehasacollectionof400plantvarietiesandtheirgreenhouseusesalotofenergytokeepthemintropicalconditions.Afteruptotwoyearsinquarantine，cleanandsafeseedsaresenttosome20countries，includingseveralinWestAfrica.That’swhere75%ofthecocoausedforchocolateworldwidecomesfrom.Thecropisextremelyimportantforthelocaleconomy：itemploysabouttwomillionpeople.ProfessorPaulHadleysaysheworkswithasmallteamofskilledtechnicianswholookafterthecollection.Andmoreofusseemtocountonthemnow.Thescientistsays，“Thereissomeconcernwithintheindustrythatdemandisincreasingconstantly，particularlyincountrieslikeChina，wherethestandardoflivingisincreasingandpeoplearegettingatastefordifferentchocolates.”【解題導語】本文主要介紹了英國一項保護可可種子的項目。1．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Safeguardingcocoaseeds.B．Plantingcocoaseedsworldwide.C．Keepingcocoaseedsingreenhouse.D．Findingthenewmarketforcocoa.解析：選A。主旨大意題。根據第一段的第二句“It’snotsomethingI’dliketodo，soIwasrelievedtoreadthatthere’sauniversitywithaprogrammetosafeguardthefutureofchocolate”及第五段中的“cleanandsafeseeds”可知，本文主要講的是英國保護可可種子的項目，即A項正確。2．Theinstitution’scocoaprojectisto________．A．havecocoaskinremovedB．offermorejobstopeopleC．ensurethequalityofcocoaD．supplycocoafortwomillionpeople解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據第四段的最后一句“Theleaderoftheinstitution’scocoaproject，ProfessorPaulHadley，says，‘Oneofthemainissuesconcerningcocoaimprovementisthesupplyofreliablyclean，healthy，interestingcocoamaterial.’”可知，這個機構是要確?？煽煞鄣馁|量，即C項正確。3．Whatdoesthelastparagraphtellus?A．Thetasteofchocolatesischanging.B．Demandforcocoaisincreasingcontinually.C．Peopleareconcernedaboutcocoavarieties.D．Chinesehavealonghistoryofeatingchocolates.解析：選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段的關鍵詞“demandisincreasingconstantly”可知，本段主要講可可需求的不斷增長，即B項正確。4．What’sthepurposeofthetext?A．Toeducate. B．Toadvertise.C．Towarn. D．Toinform.解析：選D。寫作意圖題。文章第一段點題，結合全文的整體內容可知，本文主要介紹了英國保護可可種子的項目，屬于向讀者傳遞信息的類型，即D項正確。B(2015·江西南昌市一模)Eveniftreescannotwalk，theyarestillonthemove.InpartsoftheArctic，entireforestsaremovingnorthward.AcrosstheArctic，temperaturesarerisingfasterthananywhereelseintheworld.Asthathappens，thetreelinethatmarkswhereforestsstopandthetreelesstundra(凍原)startshasbeenshiftingnorthward.Treesgrowingalongthetreelinemustprotectthemselvesfromthecoldwind.Todothis，plantstendtogrowhorizontal(水平的)brancheslowtotheground.Theenergyittakesfortreestogrowthiswaymeanstheydon’thaveenoughenergytomakeseeds.ButasEarth’sclimatehasbeenwarming，treesnolongerhavetojustgrowhorizontally.Manycaninsteadgrowuptowardthesky.Thistakeslessenergy.Andwithallthatleftoverenergy，thesetreeshavestartedproducingmoreseeds.Thishappensespeciallyinplaceswherewhitespruce(白云杉)grows.Whitespruce，whichisaNorthAmericantree，isquiteabletoproducealotofseeds，whichcanmovelongdistancesinthewind.Whenwind-blownseedsenduponthetundrabeyondthetreeline，theyeventuallycansprout(發(fā)芽)newtrees.Thisexplainshowaforestcanmove.Ofcourse，theprocesswouldworkonlyifthetundrawerewarmenough.Butinrecentyears，thewholeplanethasbeenwarming.Newtreeswillprovidesheltersforsomesnow.Keepingthesun’sraysfrommakingthewhitesurfacedisappear.Instead，thetreesabsorbthesun’sheat.Thiswarmsthesurroundingair.Theextrawarmthencouragesevenmoretreestoproduceseeds.Thatfurtherboostsaforest’sabilitytoexpand.Inaddition，moretreeswilltrapmoresnow，preventingmuchofitfrombeingblownaway.Snowcantrapheatinthesoilbelow，whichencouragestreestogrow.Therecentriseoftemperatureshashelpedmoretreesgrowpastthetreeline.Peopleworryaboutimpactsontheanimalsthatdependonfrozenconditionsforfoodandshelter.【解題導語】本文是一篇科研報告，主要研究了氣溫升高對北極圈植物的影響。5．WhatisthemaincauseofthetreesintheArcticmovingnorthward?A．Theshrinkingofnortherntundra.B．Therisingtemperature.C．Thefierceandcoldwind.D．Theabundantresourcesinthenorth.解析：選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段的第二句“AcrosstheArctic,temperaturesarerisingfasterthananywhereelseintheworld”以及本段的整體內容可知，不斷上升的氣溫是北極圈樹木北移的主要原因，即B項正確。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2mean?A．Toproducemoreseeds.B．Tomovenorthward.C．Torespondtotheclimatechange.D．Toprotectthemselvesfromthecoldwind.解析：選D。代詞指代題。根據畫線詞前的“Treesgrowingalongthetreelinemustprotectthemselvesfromthecoldwind”可知，畫線詞this指代的是本句中的“protectthemselvesfromthecoldwind”，即D項正確。7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Newtreescantrapthesnow，whichmaymakethesoilcolder.B．Thetrappedsnowpreventsnewtreesfromproducingmoreseeds.C．Newtreescanmakethesurroundingairwarmer.D．Newtreescanbringmorefoodandshelterforlocalanimals.解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“Newtreeswillprovidesheltersforsomesnow.Keepingthesun’sraysfrommakingthewhitesurfacedisappear.Instead，thetreesabsorbthesun’sheat.Thiswarmsthesurroundingair”可推知，新樹會讓周圍的空氣更加溫暖，即C項正確。8．Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom________．A．asciencereportB．ahealthreportC．afashionmagazineD．achildren’smagazine解析：選A。文章出處題。根據文章的整體內容可推知，本文主要研究的是氣候變暖對北極圈植物的影響，故該文應選自科研報告，即A項正確。C(2016·河北七校高三聯合考試)Highheels，coffeecupsanddogshavebeenregardedasthreeofthemostdangerousthingstohaveinacar.Whilemenwereresponsibleforthegreaternumberofaccidentsreported，womenplayedtheirpartbydrivinginhighheels.Puttingfashionoverfunctionmeant44percentoffemalemotoristshadbeenpreventedfromusingthepedalscorrectlybytheirhighheels.Beingkeenonacaffeinekickwhiledrivingcanalsocreateanaccidentiftheyleaveemptycoffeecupslyingaroundtheirvehicles.Twentypercentofthosesurveyedadmittedtheyhadcrashedtheircarsorhadanearmissafteradesertedcoffeecuporanemptydrinkbottlerolledundertheirbrakepedals.However，itisnotjustwearingandeatingthatcauseathreatfrominsidethecar;man’sbestfriendcouldalsocauseacatastropheifnotsafelysecured.Oneineightmotoristsclaimedtohavehadascrape(擦傷)ormissontheroadduetotheirdogs’wanderingfreely，climbingintothefrontseatortryingtoescapethroughthewindows.Theaccidentsmeantdriverstooktheireyesofftheroadformorethanthreesecondseachtime，accordingtothepollof2，000Britishmotorists.Thesurveyhasfounddriverswillpickupanaveragebillof￡261.47forthedamagecausedbyeverycrash.LondonerswerethemostatriskofanaccidentcloselyfollowedbymotoristsintheWestMidlandsandWales.JanetConnor，amanagingdirector，saidmanyaccidentscouldbeavoidedifpeoplecleanedtheircarsregularly，asoneintendriversinvolvedincrashesadmittedtodrivinginsideamountainofwastematerials.Shesaid，“Thepossibledangersanddistractionsoutsidethecararewell-knownbutastheevidencesuggests，thosewithinthecarareoftenforgotten.”【解題導語】本文介紹了開車時最危險的三種東西：高跟鞋、咖啡杯以及狗，并告訴我們在開車時應該多關注這些危險的東西。9．Whatmistakedowomendriversmostprobablymakewhiledriving?A．Theywearexpensiveclothes.B．Theywearshoeswithhighheels.C．Theydrinktoomuchcoffeeincars.D．Theytaketheirdogswithouttyingthem.解析：選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“womenplayedtheirpartbydrivinginhighheels”可知，女性駕車所犯的錯誤是穿高跟鞋，故選B項。10．Thosewholikedrinkingcoffeeoftenhaveaccidentsbecause________．A．thecoffeemaymakethemfeelfaintB．thecoffeemaymakethecarsmellterribleC．emptycoffeecupsmaymakethebrakefailD．desertedbottleslookthesameasbrakepedals解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“Twentypercentofthosesurveyedadmittedtheyhadcrashedtheircarsorhadanearmissafteradesertedcoffeecuporanemptybottlerolledundertheirbrakepedals”可推知，空的咖啡杯可能造成剎車失靈，故選C項。11．Whyshouldn’tdriversputtheirdogsinthecarwhiledriving?A．Dogsmaybarkloudlyifseeingtrafficlights.B．Dogsmaywalkaroundoreventrytoescape.C．Dogsmaybreakthewindowstogetfreshair.D．Dogsmaymaketheinsideofthecardirty.解析：選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中的“Oneineightmotoristsclaimedtohavehadascrape(擦傷)ormissontheroadduetotheirdogs’wanderingfreely，climbingintothefrontseatortryingtoescapethroughthewindows”可知，狗可能到處走動或從窗戶逃跑，故選B項。12．Wecanmainlylearnfromthepassagethat________．A．peopleoftenneglectthedangersoutsidethecarB．accidentswillbeavoidedifcarsarecleanedregularlyC．dangerswithinthecarshouldbegivenmoreattentiontoD．only10%ofthedriversremembertokeeptheircarsclean解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“Thepossibledangersanddistractionsoutsidethecararewell-knownbutastheevidencesuggests，thosewithinthecarareoftenforgotten”可推知，車內的這些潛在的危險和使人分心的事情也是事故發(fā)生的原因，但是經常被人們忘記，所以需要我們給予更多的關注，故選C項。(二)A(2016·河北唐山市高三統(tǒng)一考試)Hybridcars(混合動力車)arecarsthatrunonpetrolandelectricity.Theyhaveasmallstandardpetrolengineandabattery(電池)electricmotortoprovideelectricpower.Therearesomedifferencesbetweendifferentmodelsofhybridcars，butthegeneralprincipleisthatthecarrunsonpetrol，andtheelectricmotorkicksinwhenadditionalpowerisrequired，forexample，whengoinguphilloraccelerating.Insomehybridcarsthepetrolengineturnsitselfoffwhennotneeded，forexamplewhenthecarhasstoppedattrafficlights，keepingonlytheelectricenginerunning.Conventionalcarshavelargeenginestodealwithdrivinguphillandaccelerating.Hybridcarshavemuchsmallerpetrolengines，improvedbyelectricmotorswhenneeded，sotheyuselesspetrol.Anotherwaythatfuelconsumptioniscutisbyasystemof“regenerative(再生的)braking”．Theelectricmotorisusedtoslowdownthecar，ratherthanconventionalbrakes.Theenergyproducedbyslowingthecarischangedintoelectricalpower，whichisautomaticallystoredinthebattery.Ineffect，thebatteryrechargeswhenyoubrake.Inconventionalcarstheenergyproducedwhenbrakingiswasted.In1928，FerdinandPorschebuiltanexperimentalhybridcar.Thefirstmass-producedhybridcar，theToyotaPrius，cameoutinJapanattheendof1997.However，hybridcarsbecameavailable—intheUSAonlyin1999.Astheyuselessfuel，hybridcarsarecheapertorun.Therearealsomanyvoicesinplacetoencouragepeopletobuythem.Insomecountries，hybridcarownerspayalowerrateoftax，anddon’thavetopayoncertainroads.Insomecities，hybridcarsareallowedtoparkforfree.【解題導語】文章介紹了以汽油和電為動力的混合動力車，它是一種節(jié)約能源的汽車。1．Hybridcarsconsumelessenergythanconventionalcarsbecausehybridcars________．A．havelargeenginestodealwithacceleratingB．haveconventionalbrakestoslowdownthecarC．havenoenergyconsumptionwhenstoppingD．haveelectricpowertoassistwhenneeded解析：選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的第二句“Hybridcarshavemuchsmallerpetrolengines，improvedbyelectricmotorswhenneeded，sotheyuselesspetrol”可知，混合動力車必要時有電力支持，所以消耗較少的能源。2．Inregenerativebraking，________．A．theconventionalbrakesareusedtoslowdownthecarB．energywastedinconventionalcarsisstoredinthebatteryC．thebatterychargesitselfwhenthecarisacceleratingD．thepetrolengineisusuallyturnedoffautomatically解析：選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段可知，混合動力車用電動馬達減速而不是用傳統(tǒng)的剎車，電動馬達降低車速時產生的電能會被自動儲存在電池里，而傳統(tǒng)汽車浪費了剎車時產生的能量，由此可知B項表述正確。3．Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthathybridcars________．A．willgainmorepopularityB．werefirstavailableintheUSAC．freetheirownersfromtaxD．arefreetoparkanywhereinthecity解析：選A。推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“Astheyuselessfuel，hybridcars...forfree”可推知，使用混合動力車有很多好處，所以混合動力車會很受歡迎。4．Themainpurposeofthistextisto________．A．showhowhybridcarsslowdownB．encouragepeopletobuyhybridcarsC．informpeopleofakindofenergy-savingcarD．explainwhyhybridcarsuselessenergy解析：選C。寫作意圖題。該文主要介紹了一種節(jié)約能源的車——混合動力車，應選擇C。B(2015·河南鄭州市第二次質檢)Beautyisonlyskindeep.Thisexpressionmeansthatbeautyisonlyatemporarysurfacequality.Somebeautyproductscancauselastingdamagethatgoesfarbelowthesurfaceoftheskin.InAmerica，manypeopleusesunlightandnon-naturallighttodarkentheirskin.Healthexpertsadvisepeopleagainstwhatiscalled“tanning”becauseofitslinkstoskincancer.IntheAfricancountryofSenegal(塞內加爾)，somewomentakehealthriskstryingtodojustthe_opposite．AnaveragebeautysupplyshopinDakarhasmanykindsofskin-lighteningcreamsandsoaps.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysthat25%ofSenegalesewomenuseskin-lighteningproductsonausualbasis.Theseproductscancontainchemicals，likemercury(汞)，hydroquinone(對苯二酚)，etc.Thesearedangerousingredientsthatcancausecancerandpossiblyotherphysicaldamagetotheskin.Theycanactuallyburntheeyesandskin.ShopworkerAdamaDiagneadviseshervisitorstoavoidthestrongerproductsthatpromisefastresults.Sheusesacreamthatismadefromcarrots，notthestrongchemical，hydroquinone.Shesaysthatitisapersonalchoiceandthatnoonepressuresher.Somewomenwanttobeblackeveryday，butforher，shelikestobeashadeofbrown.WomeninSenegalsaytheylightentheirskinforthesamereasonthatwomenallovertheworldmakechangestotheirappearance.Theysaytheywanttolookbeautiful，tofindahusband，tostandoutinacrowdorsimplytolookgreatforaspecialevent.ThisthinkingtroublesSenegalesefilm-makerKhardiataPouyeSall.So，shemade“ThisColorThatBothersMe”，afilmaboutthesubjectofskinlightening.Shesaid，“Iusedthemostshockingimagessothatwomenwouldseethedangers.Itishardtounderstandwhyawomansaysthatdarkskinisnotbeautiful.Itisintheirheads.Theywanttopleaseaman，tobelovedortheywanttopleasesociety，tosucceed.”Ms.Sallsaysthatthegovernmentneedstobettercontrolthemarketingandthesaleofskin-lighteningproducts.Butsheaddsthateducationisthebestwaytopersuadepeopleagainstusingthem.【解題導語】塞內加爾的女性為了美使用一些化學產品帶來了極大的危害。5．Theunderlinedpart“theopposite”inParagraph2meanssomeSenegalesewomen________．A．usesunlighttodarkenskinB．trycreamstopreventskincancerC．useproductstolightentheirskinD．takehealthriskstobecomebeautiful解析：選C。詞義猜測題。根據第二段的第一句“InAmerica，manypeopleusesunlightandnon-naturallighttodarkentheirskin”可推知，塞內加爾的一些女性正好和美國人相反，與“darkentheirskin”相反，故C項正確。6．AccordingtoAdamaDiagne，womenshouldn’tbelieve________．A．beautyisjustapersonalchoiceB．acreamfromcarrotsishealthierC．itisbeautifultobeblackeverydayD．aproductcanmakeyoubeautifulquickly解析：選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段的第一句“ShopworkerAdamaDiagneadviseshervisitorstoavoidthestrongerproductsthatpromisefastresults”可知，AdamaDiagne不贊同人們用快速見效的美容產品，即D項正確。7．WecaninferthatwomeninSenegal________．A．attractattentionwithshockingimagesB．don’tconsiderdarkskintobebeautifulC．findithardtounderstandthetruebeautyD．putbeautyinthefirstplaceintheirheads解析：選B。推理判斷題。根據第六段的“Itishardtounderstandwhyawomansaysthatdarkskinisnotbeautiful”可推知，塞內加爾的女性并不認為黑皮膚是漂亮的，即B項正確。8．WhatisMs.Sall’sattitudetowardsskin-lighteningproducts?A．Unsupportive. B．Casual.C．Responsible. D．Positive.解析：選A。推理判斷題。根據第六段的“Iusedthemostshockingimagessothatwomenwouldseethedangers”以及最后一段的內容可推知，Ms.Sall對亮膚的產品持不贊成的態(tài)度，即A項正確。C(2016·遼寧沈陽市第一次教學質量檢測)Beingphysicallyactivethreetimesaweekreducestheoddsofbeingdepressedbyabout16%，accordingtonewUCLresearchcarriedoutaspartofthePublicHealthResearchCentre.Thestudy，publishedinJAMAPsychiatry，foundatwo-wayrelationshipbetweendepressionandphysicalactivity.Peoplewhoincreasedtheirweeklyactivitywerereportedtohavefewerdepressivesymptomsbutthosewithmoredepressivesymptomswerelessactive，particularlyatyoungerages.Researchersfollowed11，135peoplebornin1958upuntiltheageof50，recordingdepressivesymptomsandlevelsofphysicalactivityatregularintervalsinadulthood.Theyfoundthateachadditionalactivityperiodperweekreducedoddsofdepressionby6%.InEngland19%ofmenand26%ofwomenarecurrentlyclassedas“inactive”，andthisstudysuggeststhatactivitycouldsignificantlyimprovetheirmentalaswellasphysicalhealth.“Assumingtheassociationiscausal，physicalactivityhasaprotectiveeffectagainstdepression.Ifanadultbetweenhistwentiesandfortieswhoisn’tphysicallyactivebecameactive3timesperweek，hewouldreducehisrisksofdepressionbyabout16%，”saidDrSnehaloftheUCLInstituteofChildHealth，leadauthorofthestudy.ProfessorMark，DirectorofthePublicHealthResearchCentre，said：“Manypeoplearealreadyawareofthebenefitsofphysi