浙江省嘉興市桐鄉(xiāng)市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題（含答案解析）

2024年1月高三期末考試英語試題卷第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whattimewillthewomanbeattheparty?A.Atabout8:30p.m.B.Atabout8:00p.m.C.Atabout7:30p.m.2.Whenwilltheman’ssistercomebackhome?A.InearlyJune.B.InearlyJuly.C.InearlyAugust.3.WhywasthemaninNewYork?A.Hewasonvacation.B.Hewasvisitinghisuncle.C.Hewasonabusinesstrip.4.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthelecture?A.Interestingbuttoolong.B.Excitingbuttooshort.C.Tooshortandboring.5.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inanoffice.B.Inanapartment.C.Inanelevator.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whydoesn’tthewomannormallydrinkcoffee?A.Becauseofitstaste.B.Becauseofitseffect.C.Becauseofitssmell.7.Howdoesthemanlikehiscoffee?A.Withnothingadded.B.Withsugarinit.C.Withmilkinit.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatdoesthewomanoftenhaveforlunch?A.Leftoverfromthenightbefore.B.Saladmadebyherself.C.Foodfromrestaurants.9.Whendoesthewomanwashtheingredients?A.Inthemorning.B.Atnoon.C.Intheevening.所第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friendsatschool.B.Brotherandsister.C.Shopkeeperandcustomer.11.Whatshoesizedoesthewomanwear?A.34.B.36.C.38.12.Howmucharetheshoesonlineatthemoment?A.$90.B.$100.C.$110.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman’sapartment?A.Itdoesn’thaveabathroom.B.It’sinbadcondition.C.Ithastwobedrooms.14.Howmanyapartmentsdoestheman’scompanyhaveforrent?A.200B.500.C.700.15.Whatmightmatterthemosttothewomanaboutrentinganapartment?A.Theprice.B.Thesize.C.Thelocation.16.Whatmightthewomanbe?A.Aprofessor.B.Astudent.C.Anagent.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whydofarmersplaysoftmusicforcows?A.Tomakethemproducemoremilk.B.Tomakethembecomehealthier.C.Tomakethemgetfatter.18.Howshouldagoodbosstreathisworkersaccordingtothespeaker?A.Byreducingtheirstress.B.Bygivingthemmoremoney.C.Bymakingtheirworktimeshort.19.Howmanyworkerstookpartinthesurvey?A.46.B.700.C.2million.20.Whenshouldabosspraisehisworkersaccordingtothespeaker?A.Whentheywanttodomorework.B.Whentheyhavedonetheirworkwell.C.Whentheyfinishtheirworkaheadoftime.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。ANobodylikestospendmoneyonanewbookonlytofacedisappointmentwhenitdoesn’tliveuptoyourexpectations.Herearethebestbookreviewsitestohelpyouavoidbuyingbooksthatyou’llregretreading.GoodreadsGoodreadsistheleadingonlinecommunityforbooklovers.Ifyouwantsomeinspirationforwhichnovelorbiographytoreadnext,thisisthebestbookreviewsitetovisit.Thereareanendlessnumberofuser-generatedreadingliststoexplore.FantasyBookReviewFantasyBookReviewshouldbehighonthelistforanyonewhoisafanoffantasyworks.Thebookreviewsitepublishesreviewsforbothchildren’sbooksandadults’books.Ithasasectiononthetopfantasybooksofalltime.BooklistBooklistisaprintmagazinethatalsooffersanonlineportal.TrustedexpertsfromtheAmericanLibraryAssociationwriteallthebookreviews.Youcanseepartsofreviewsfordifferentbooks.However,toreadtheminfull,youwillneedtosubscribe.YouTubeYouTubeisnotthetypeofplacethatimmediatelyspringstomindwhenyouthinkofthebestbookreviewsitesonline.However,thereareseveralengagingYouTubechannelsthatfrequentlyofferopinionsonbooksthey’veread.Althoughit’seasytobeattractedbyanimpressivebookcover,it’salwaysbesttohaveaquicklookatthebookreviewsbeforeactuallybuyingacopy.Thisway,youcansaveyourmoneyandspenditonthebooksthatyou’llbeproudtodisplayonyourshelvesforalongtime.1.Whichsitebestsuitspeoplewhoareintothestoryofoneperson’slife?A.Goodreads. B.FantasyBookReview.C.Booklist. D.YouTube.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoonBooklist?A.Editbookreviews. B.Discusswithexperts.C.Readfullreviewsafterpayment. D.Findinformationaboutwriters.3.Whatisrecommendedbeforebuyingabook?A.Notingthebookcover. B.Readingthebookreviews.C.Preparingadisplayshelf. D.Checkingthebook’sratings.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個書評網(wǎng)站的情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Goodreads中“Ifyouwantsomeinspirationforwhichnovelorbiographytoreadnext,thisisthebestbookreviewsitetovisit.(如果你想要一些下一本小說或傳記的靈感，這是最好的書評網(wǎng)站訪問)”可知，Goodreads最適合想買傳記的人。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Booklist中“Youcanseepartsofreviewsfordifferentbooks.However,toreadtheminfull,youwillneedtosubscribe.(你可以看到不同書籍的部分評論。然而，要完整閱讀它們，你需要訂閱)”可知，訪客可以在Booklist上付款后閱讀完整的評論。故選C項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)YouTube中“Althoughit’seasytobeattractedbyanimpressivebookcover,it’salwaysbesttohaveaquicklookatthebookreviewsbeforeactuallybuyingacopy.(盡管人們很容易被一本令人印象深刻的書的封面所吸引，但在真正購買之前，最好還是快速瀏覽一下書評)”可知，在買書之前，建議閱讀書評。故選B項(xiàng)。BIt’saclassicstory:Akidisforcedtolearnaninstrumentfromayoungage,theyplayitthroughouttheirchildhood,andtheydevelopabittersweetrelationshipwithit.Istheconstantbattlebetweentheloveforthemusicandthehatefortheconstantchallengeworththefight?Forme,itwas.IstartedplayingthepianowhenIwasfour-thatwas15yearsago!Thiswashugecommitment,sotheremusthavebeensomethingworthholdingonto,right?TheeasyguessisthatIwaspurelyinlovewithmusicandpiano.Althoughthat’sthesweetertale,it’sabitmorecomplicated.Istruggledalotwithpiano.Familyandpeerswere,atleastinmyownhead,constantlyplacedbesidemeincompetition.Ifeltpressuretobethebestinordertoprovesomethingtoothers-andmoredevastatingly(破壞性地)toprovesomethingtomyself.Theseedofmymusicalinterestwasgrowninthesunlightofcompetitionanddoubt.Hatesprouted(滋生)whenmyself-criticismhittoohard.It’sdifficulttolearntolovesomethingthatdidn’toriginatefromlove.Forawhile,pianowasmoreofanannoyancethanahobby.Butsomehow,lovegrew.Itwasdeeplyburied.Butitwasthere,andbyhighschool,itwasstrongenoughthatwhenIwastrulyonthevergeofquittinganykindofformaltraining.Ifoundthestrengthtoholdontighter,anddigfurther.Iswitchedteachers,andgotincrediblyluckywithonewhohelpedmetunnelintowhatIloved.Ilearnedpiecesformyself,Icomposedformyself,andIfoundconfidencenotbecauseIgot“goodenough,”butbecauseIlearnedthatanythingIhadwasgoodenough.TheloveandhateI’vehadforthepianowerebothplantedandgrown.Ifyoutoohavelearnedtohatesomething,rememberthatwithcommitment,itcanbeuprooted,andlovecanmakeahomeinitsplace.Thereisalwaystime.Thereisalwaysroom.4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingaclassicstory?A.Thebenefitsofmusic.B.Kids’struggleinlearninginstruments.C.Kids’bittersweetchildhood.D.Thepopularityoflearninginstruments.5.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthor’sexperienceofplayingthepiano?A.Shefinallyquitformaltraining.BShenevertreateditasherhobby.C.Shewasinpurelovewithmusicandpiano.D.Sheonceexperiencedgreatpressurefromherself.6.Whathelpedtheauthorfindconfidence?A.Herattitude. B.Hertraining.C.Hercompromise. D.Herachievement.7.Whatmessageismainlydeliveredinthepassage?A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Loveisathingthatgrows.C.Contentisbetterthanriches.D.Chancefavorsthepreparedmind.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】Z這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述自己在學(xué)習(xí)鋼琴過程中的愛與恨以及自己感悟。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“It’saclassicstory:Akidisforcedtolearnaninstrumentfromayoungage,theyplayitthroughouttheirchildhood,andtheydevelopabittersweetrelationshipwithit.Istheconstantbattlebetweentheloveforthemusicandthehatefortheconstantchallengeworththefight?Forme,itwas.(這是一個經(jīng)典的故事：一個孩子從小就被迫學(xué)習(xí)一種樂器，他們在整個童年時期都在演奏，并與之發(fā)展出苦樂參半的關(guān)系。對音樂的熱愛和對不斷挑戰(zhàn)的憎恨之間不斷的斗爭值得嗎？對我來說，是的。)”可知，文章講故事是為了說明孩子們在學(xué)樂器方面的掙扎，然后引出介紹自己的情況。故選B項(xiàng)。5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Ifeltpressuretobethebestinordertoprovesomethingtoothers-andmoredevastatingly(破壞性地)toprovesomethingtomyself.Theseedofmymusicalinterestwasgrowninthesunlightofcompetitionanddoubt.(為了向別人證明一些東西，我感受到了成為最好的人的壓力——更具毀滅性的是，為了向自己證明一些東西。我對音樂的興趣在競爭和懷疑的陽光下生長。)”可知，作者曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了來自自己的巨大壓力。故選D項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段“Ilearnedpiecesformyself,Icomposedformyself,andIfoundconfidencenotbecauseIgot“goodenough,”butbecauseIlearnedthatanythingIhadwasgoodenough.(我為自己學(xué)習(xí)曲子，為自己作曲，我找到了自信，不是因?yàn)槲摇白銐蚝谩保且驗(yàn)槲抑牢宜鶕碛械囊磺卸甲銐蚝谩?”可知，作者找到自信地原因是自己態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變，對一切的重新認(rèn)識。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段“It’sdifficulttolearntolovesomethingthatdidn’toriginatefromlove.(很難學(xué)會去愛一些不是源于愛的東西。)”以及文章最后一段“TheloveandhateI’vehadforthepianowerebothplantedandgrown.Ifyoutoohavelearnedtohatesomething,rememberthatwithcommitment,itcanbeuprooted,andlovecanmakeahomeinitsplace.Thereisalwaystime.Thereisalwaysroom.(我對鋼琴的愛和恨都是種下的，也是成長的。如果你也學(xué)會了憎恨某件事，請記住，有了承諾，它可以被連根拔起，愛可以在它的地方建立一個家。時間總是有的。空間也總是有的。)”以及上下文可知，文章通過自己練鋼琴的經(jīng)歷領(lǐng)悟到：對東西的愛是可以逐漸培養(yǎng)形成的，所以B項(xiàng)Loveisathingthatgrows(愛是一種成長的東西)符合文意。故選B項(xiàng)。CAroundtheglobefarmorebirdspeciesarelosinggroundthangaining,accordingtoanexpansivereviewofahalf-centuryofbirdpopulationresearchpublishedinthejournalAnnualReviewofEnvironmentandResourcesinMay.Thereview,entitledTheStateoftheWorld’sBirds,showedthatmorethan5,200differentspeciesofbirds-justshyofhalftheworld’stotal-areknownorsuspectedtobedeclining.Around3,800speciesarerelativelystable,andfewerthan700speciesshowincreases.AmongbirdsontheIUCNRedListofThreatenedSpecies,almost400birdsworldwidehavehadtheirconservationstatuschangedfortheworseinthepastthreedecades(movingfromvulnerabletothreatened,orthreatenedtoendangered)—fivetimesmorethanthenumberofbirdspecieswithanIUCNstatusthathaschangedforthebetter.“Afterdocumentingthelossofnearly3billionbirdsinNorthAmericaalone(accordingtoa2019studypublishedinthejournalScience),itwasdisturbingtoseethesamepatternsofpopulationdeclinesandextinctionoccurringglobally,”saysreviewcoauthorKenRosenberg,aconservationscientistnowretiredfromtheCormellLabofOmithology.Thereviewpointstodisappearinganddegradedhabitat-resultingfromclimatechange,urbanization,agriculturalintensification,andinternationaltrade-astheleadingdriverofbirddeclinesworldwide.Inanoteofhope,theauthorscitea2020studyindicatingthatrestoringjust5%ofhabitatinpriorityareasaroundtheworldcouldavert60%oflikelyextinctions.LeadauthorAlexanderLees,aresearchassociateattheCormellLab,alsopointstotheneedforsubstantialchangesinhumanbehaviortopreventfurtherlosses.“Lossanddegradationofhabitatisoftendrivenbydemandforresources,”saysLees.“Weneedtobetterconsiderhowcommodityflowssuchasbeef,oil,andseedcropscancontributetobiodiversitylossandtrytoreducethehumanfootprintonthenaturalworld.”8.InwhatorderarethreatenedspeciesarrangedontheIUCN’sRedList?A.Speciesquantity. B.Livinghabitat. C.Decliningrate. D.Conservationstatus.9.HowdoesKenRosenbergfeelwhensayingthewords?A.Hopeful. B.Relieved. C.Doubtful. D.Concerned.10.Whatdoestheunderlined“avert”meaninparagraph4?A.Prevent. B.Increase. C.Cause. D.Face.11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Extrareasonsforbirdextinction. B.Possiblesolutionstohabitatloss.C.Substantialchangesinhumanbehavior. D.Theprospectofbiodiversityloss.【答案】8.D9.D10.A11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了今年5月發(fā)表在《環(huán)境與資源年度評論》雜志上的一篇對半個世紀(jì)鳥類種群研究的綜述稱，在全球范圍內(nèi)，失去的鳥類物種遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于增加的鳥類物種。這篇題為《世界鳥類狀況》的綜述顯示，超過5200種不同的鳥類——略少于世界鳥類總數(shù)的一半——已知或懷疑正在減少。文章主要對鳥類保護(hù)展開了說明?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“AmongbirdsontheIUCNRedListofThreatenedSpecies,almost400birdsworldwidehavehadtheirconservationstatuschangedfortheworseinthepastthreedecades(movingfromvulnerabletothreatened,orthreatenedtoendangered)—fivetimesmorethanthenumberofbirdspecieswithanIUCNstatusthathaschangedforthebetter.(在世界自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟瀕危物種紅色名錄上的鳥類中，全球有近400種鳥類的保護(hù)狀況在過去30年里發(fā)生了惡化（從易危到受威脅，或從受威脅到瀕危）——這是國際自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟保護(hù)狀況好轉(zhuǎn)的鳥類數(shù)量的5倍多)”可知，世界自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟紅色名錄上的瀕危物種是按保護(hù)狀況排列的。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段““Afterdocumentingthelossofnearly3billionbirdsinNorthAmericaalone(accordingtoa2019studypublishedinthejournalScience),itwasdisturbingtoseethesamepatternsofpopulationdeclinesandextinctionoccurringglobally,”saysreviewcoauthorKenRosenberg,aconservationscientistnowretiredfromtheCormellLabofOmithology.(“根據(jù)2019年發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究，僅在記錄了北美地區(qū)近30億只鳥類的損失后，看到同樣的數(shù)量下降和滅絕模式在全球發(fā)生，令人不安”該綜述的合著者、現(xiàn)已從科梅爾鳥類學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室退休的保護(hù)科學(xué)家肯·羅森伯格說)”可知，肯·羅森伯格說這句話感到擔(dān)憂。故選D?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Inanoteofhope,theauthorscitea2020studyindicatingthatrestoringjust5%ofhabitatinpriorityareasaroundtheworldcould”以及后文“60%oflikelyextinctions”可知，在一份充滿希望的報告中，作者引用了2020年的一項(xiàng)研究，該研究表明，只要恢復(fù)世界各地重點(diǎn)地區(qū)5%的棲息地，就可以阻止60%的可能滅絕。故畫線詞意思是“阻止”。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“LeadauthorAlexanderLees,aresearchassociateattheCormellLab,alsopointstotheneedforsubstantialchangesinhumanbehaviortopreventfurtherlosses.“Lossanddegradationofhabitatisoftendrivenbydemandforresources,”saysLees.“Weneedtobetterconsiderhowcommodityflowssuchasbeef,oil,andseedcropscancontributetobiodiversitylossandtrytoreducethehumanfootprintonthenaturalworld.”(該研究的主要作者、科梅爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室的助理研究員亞歷山大·李斯還指出，為了防止進(jìn)一步的損失，人類行為需要發(fā)生實(shí)質(zhì)性的改變?！皸⒌氐膯适Ш屯嘶怯蓪Y源的需求引起的，”李斯說。“我們需要更好地考慮牛肉、石油和種子作物等商品流動是如何導(dǎo)致生物多樣性喪失的，并努力減少人類對自然界的足跡?！?”可知，最后一段主要講的是棲息地喪失的可能解決辦法。故選B。DAdoctorwalkedintoanoperatingroomwhereanoperationwasbeingperformed.Everythingseemedtobegoingwell,butthedoctornoticedthatnoonewaswearingafacemask.Hewassurprised—wearingafacemaskisabasichospitalprocedure.Buthedidn’tsayanything.Theoperationwasasuccess,butafewdayslaterthepatientcamedownwithafever.Itturnedoutthatshehadcontractedaseriousinfection,probablybecausethedoctorsandnurseshadn’tfollowedasimplerule.AtulGawandewasinterestedinthatstoryandcarriedoutaresearchontheimportanceofachecklisttoboosthospitalservices.Gawandeisadoctorhimself,andinhisresearchhesuggeststhatifsurgeonsrunthroughasimplechecklistbeforeeveryoperation,thenliveswillbesaved.Andhe’sgotthenumberstoproveit.In2001,anexperimentatanAmericanhospitalrequireddoctorstouseafive-pointchecklistbeforetheycarriedoutspecificprocedures.Thechecklistwasjustalistofroutinethingsdoctorshouldnormallydowithoutthinking—wearinglatexgloves,washingtheirhandsbeforeandaftereverypatient,andsoon.Bymakingsurethatthechecklistwasfollowed,therewerealmostnoinfectionsduringthe27monthsoftheexperiment,andtheyestimatethataroundeightlivesweresaved.WhenthechecklistwastestedagaininhospitalsinMichigan,infectionswentdownby66percent.Inhisstudy,Gawandelooksatotherprofessions,too,tosupporthisargumentthatchecklistsreduceaccidentsandimprovesuccessrates.Hepointsoutthatpeoplelikeengineersandpilotsusechecklistsallthetime,andhecomesupwithsomegoodexamples.Justimaginethatanairplanecrashedbecausethepilothadfailedtofollowbasicprocedures.Supposeaskyscrapercollapsedbecausetheengineershadn’trememberedtodosomeimportantcalculations.Peoplewoulddemandthatofficialslookintotheseeventsimmediately.Gawande’sstudyfindingisreallyinterestingandreceivedmuchpublicattention.Itremindsusthatsometimestheeasiestwaytoavoidmakingmistakesistofollowaverysimplesetofrules.It’srelevantforallofus,notjustfordoctors.12.Thefunctionofthefirstparagraphinthistextisto________.A.introducetheoriginoftheideaforGawande’sstudyB.explaintheimportanceofthebasichospitalprocedureC.explorethecausesofinfectionsamongpatientsinhospitalsD.emphasizetheurgencyofprovidingrelevanttrainingtodoctors13.Whatarethetwoexperimentsinparagraph2intendedtoprove?A.Youngmedicalstaffneedfollowthechecklists.B.Checklistsarenecessaryforhospitalsinparticular.C.Hospitalsarerequiredtomaintaingoodmanagement.D.Medicalinfectionscanbereducedbyobservingasetofrules.14.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?A.Aircrasheshardlyoccurredwiththebasicprocedures.B.Gawandeintendstopromotehisideatootherprofessions.C.Highbuildingsmaycollapseduetoengineers’miscalculations.D.Peoplethinkitamustforapilotorengineertousetheirchecklists.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardGawande’sstudy?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Approving. D.Doubtful.【答案】12.A13.D14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。講述了醫(yī)生AtulGawande受到一個醫(yī)療事件的啟發(fā)，著手研究如何通過嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行操作程序清單提升醫(yī)療服務(wù)及其對其他行業(yè)的重要性?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Itturnedoutthatshehadcontractedaseriousinfection,probablybecausethedoctorsandnurseshadn’tfollowedasimplerule.(結(jié)果她得了嚴(yán)重的感染，可能是因?yàn)獒t(yī)生和護(hù)士沒有遵守一個簡單的規(guī)則)”及第二段第一句“AtulGawandewasinterestedinthatstoryandcarriedoutaresearchontheimportanceofachecklisttoboosthospitalservices.(AtulGawande對這個故事很感興趣，并開展了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于清單對提高醫(yī)院服務(wù)的重要性的研究)”可知，第一段描述的醫(yī)療事故激發(fā)了AtulGawande去研究嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行操作程序清單的重要性，故第一段介紹了AtulGawande的研究想法的來源。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Bymakingsurethatthechecklistwasfollowed,therewerealmostnoinfectionsduringthe27monthsoftheexperiment,andtheyestimatethataroundeightlivesweresaved.WhenthechecklistwastestedagaininhospitalsinMichigan,infectionswentdownby66percent.(通過確保遵守清單，在27個月的實(shí)驗(yàn)中幾乎沒有感染，他們估計(jì)大約有8條生命得救。當(dāng)這份清單在密歇根州的醫(yī)院再次進(jìn)行測試時，感染率下降了66%)”可知，這兩個實(shí)驗(yàn)都表明嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行操作程序清單可以減少醫(yī)療事故，提高手術(shù)成功率。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Hepointsoutthatpeoplelikeengineersandpilotsusechecklistsallthetime,andhecomesupwithsomegoodexamples.Justimaginethatanairplanecrashedbecausethepilothadfailedtofollowbasicprocedures.Supposeaskyscrapercollapsedbecausetheengineershadn’trememberedtodosomeimportantcalculations.(他指出，像工程師和飛行員這樣的人一直在使用清單，他舉出了一些很好的例子。想象一下，一架飛機(jī)因?yàn)轱w行員沒有遵守基本程序而墜毀。假設(shè)一座摩天大樓因?yàn)楣こ處焸兺涀鲆恍┲匾挠?jì)算而倒塌)”可知，Gawande發(fā)現(xiàn)嚴(yán)格遵守操作程序?qū)ζ渌袠I(yè)的重要性。像工程師及飛行員等職業(yè)稍一疏忽就會造成重大的事故，故飛行員或工程師必須嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行操作程序清單。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Gawande’sstudyfindingisreallyinterestingandreceivedmuchpublicattention.Itremindsusthatsometimestheeasiestwaytoavoidmakingmistakesistofollowaverysimplesetofrules.It’srelevantforallofus,notjustfordoctors.(Gawande的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)非常有趣，受到了公眾的廣泛關(guān)注。它提醒我們，有時候避免犯錯最簡單的方法就是遵循一套非常簡單的規(guī)則。這與我們所有人都相關(guān)，而不僅僅是醫(yī)生)”可知，作者認(rèn)為Gawande的研究非常有價值，對其持認(rèn)可的態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Haveyoueverfelttheneedtobealoneforawhile?Idon’tmeansituationswhenyoushouldbealone,butoccasionswhereyouarewithagroupofpeopleatapartyorarestaurant.Yougettiredofjumpingfromconversationtoconversation,andyourmindstartstowandertowardsthatinterestingbookyoulefthalfwaydone,orthatmovieyouhavebeenmeaningtowatch.___16___Nowbeforeyourushtodefense,pleaseunderstandthatbeinganintrovert(內(nèi)向的人)iscompletelynormal.Acommonmisunderstandingaboutintrovertsisthattheyarelonersoranti-social.___17___Theyhavefriends,probablynotasmanyasextroverts(外向的人),butenoughtosuittheirneedsforhumaninteraction.Scientifically,allhumansfallsomewherebetweenbeinganintrovertandbeinganextrovert,andatleast25percentofusareintroverts.___18___Therefore,theabilitytonetworkisextremelyvaluable.Ofcourse,sometimesintrovertsmightbeascapableoftalkingwithpeopleasextroverts,butsometimestheyhavetoforcethemselvestoengagewithothersinorderto“fitin”.Whileextrovertsfeelcomfortableshakinghandsandmakingjokes,introvertsgetincreasinglyexhausted.___19___Fortheintroverted,tocontinueinthisawkwardsituationcouldreallyendupbringingthemharm,withindividualsreportingtosufferfromlossofsleep,panicattacksanddepression.___20___Theyformdeepthoughts,conductthemselvescarefully,andpaysignificantattentiontodetail.So,forthebestresultsinaprojectinvolvinggroupwork,bothintrovertsandextrovertsareneeded.A.Societyappearstofavorextroverts.B.Mostintroverts,however,arejustregularpeople.C.Thesearefeelingsusuallytypicalofanintrovert.D.Introvertstendtorecoverbyspendingtimealone.E.Youmighthaveignoredthat“strange”thoughtyouhadbefore.F.Introverts,justlikeextroverts,havetheirownsetofadvantages.G.Evenifstandingaloneforawhile,theygetasked“Whyareyouallbyyourself?”【答案】16.C17.B18.A19.G20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要對內(nèi)向的人進(jìn)行了相關(guān)解讀和介紹?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空處上句“Yougettiredofjumpingfromconversationtoconversation,andyourmindstartstowandertowardsthatinterestingbookyoulefthalfwaydone,orthatmovieyouhavebeenmeaningtowatch.（你厭倦了從一個話題跳到另一個話題，你的思想開始徘徊在那本有趣的書上，或者你一直想看的電影上。）”可知，這里是在介紹內(nèi)向者的某些典型特征，而C項(xiàng)“Thesearefeelingsusuallytypicalofanintrovert.（這些都是典型的內(nèi)向者的感覺。）”是對上句的總結(jié)和承接。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空處上句“Acommonmisunderstandingaboutintrovertsisthattheyarelonersoranti-social.（對內(nèi)向者的一個常見誤解是，他們是孤獨(dú)者或反社會者。）”可知，B選項(xiàng)“Mostintroverts,however,arejustregularpeople.（然而，大多數(shù)內(nèi)向的人只是普通人。）”和上句均是對內(nèi)向者的一種解讀，且互為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】根據(jù)空處后兩句“Therefore,theabilitytonetworkisextremelyvaluable.Ofcourse,sometimesintrovertsmightbeascapableoftalkingwithpeopleasextroverts,butsometimestheyhavetoforcethemselvestoengagewithothersinorderto“fitin”.（因此，交際能力是極其寶貴的。當(dāng)然，有時內(nèi)向的人可能和外向的人一樣有能力與人交談，但有時他們不得不強(qiáng)迫自己與他人交流以“融入”。）”可知，這里和A選項(xiàng)“Societyappearstofavorextroverts.（社會似乎偏愛外向的人。）”一樣，都是在介紹內(nèi)向的人和外向的人的交際能力的差異，且空處與下句形成因果關(guān)系，指的是以對內(nèi)向的人來說，擁有交際能力在社會上顯得尤為重要。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空處下句中的“Fortheintroverted,tocontinueinthisawkwardsituationcouldreallyendupbringingthemharm（對于內(nèi)向的人來說，繼續(xù)處于這種尷尬的境地可能最終會給他們帶來傷害）”可知，G選項(xiàng)“Evenifstandingaloneforawhile,theygetasked“Whyareyouallbyyourself?”（即使是一個人站一會兒，他們也會被問到：“你為什么總是一個人？”）”是對下文中“thisawkwardsituation（這種尷尬的境地）”一種具體舉例。故選G項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空處下句“Theyformdeepthoughts,conductthemselvescarefully,andpaysignificantattentiontodetail.（他們思想深邃，行事謹(jǐn)慎，注重細(xì)節(jié)。）”可知，這里是對F選項(xiàng)“Introverts,justlikeextroverts,havetheirownsetofadvantages.（內(nèi)向的人，就像外向的人一樣，有他們自己的優(yōu)勢。）”的進(jìn)一步解釋，說明內(nèi)向的人的具體優(yōu)勢。故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Jimownedastore.Acustomeronceaskedhimhowhemanagedtostay___21___allthetime.Hisanswerwas,“WhenIwakeupinthemorning,Iknowthatthedaywillhavegoodandbad___22___forme,butwhateverhappens,I’mgoingtochoosetobeinagood___23___.”Thenoneday,something___24___happened.Jimwasabouttoleavethestorewhenanarmedrobbercamein,heldhimupatgunpoint,andmadehimopenthe___25___.Ashewastryingtoopenit,Jim’shand___26___.Therobbersawthisandprobablythought,“He’sabouttoattackme!”Therobber___27___andfiredhisgun.Jimwasrushedtothehospital.Intheambulance,hefelt___28___becausetheparamedic(醫(yī)務(wù)輔助人員)kepttellinghim,“I’msureyou’llbeOK.”ButwhenJimwasintheoperatingroomandhesawthefacesofthedoctorsandnurses,hegotthefeelingthattheythoughthewas___29___dead.Heknewheneededtodosomethingtochangetheir___30___.Therewasa___31___whowasaskinghimlotsofquestions,veryfast.Onequestionwas,“Areyou___32___toanything?”“Yes!”Jimsaidloudlyandeverybodystoppedwhattheyweredoing.Therewastotal___33___.“Bullets!”Jimsaid,andallthedoctorsandnursesburstout___34___.AndthenJimadded,“PleaseoperateonmethinkingthatI’lllive,andnotthatI’lldie.”Jimsurvived,thankstotheskillofthedoctorsandnurses.Butwhatalsohelpedwasthathemanagedtoremainanoptimisteveninthemost___35___momentofhislife.21.A.friendly B.enthusiastic C.generous D.positive22.A.moments B.operations C.tests D.conflicts23.A.state B.mood C.event D.luck24.A.ridiculous B.awkward C.terrible D.challenging25.A.safe B.door C.window D.parcel26.A.shook B.waved C.stretched D.slipped27.A.refused B.panicked C.hesitated D.withdrew28.A.fine B.painful C.worried D.curious29.A.nearly B.already C.definitely D.ultimately30.A.routine B.schedule C.direction D.attitude31.A.nurse B.policeman C.robber D.guard32.A.superior B.accustomed C.allergic D.sympathetic33.A.confusion B.silence C.anxiety D.violence34.A.crying B.applauding C.laughing D.debating35.A.significant B.impressive C.crucial D.desperate【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.C25.A26.D27.B28.A29.B30.D31.A32.C33.B34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了吉姆是個積極樂觀人，某天店里來了強(qiáng)盜，他被槍擊中，當(dāng)他被送進(jìn)手術(shù)室，看到醫(yī)生和護(hù)士把自己視為死人的表情，他逗笑了醫(yī)生和護(hù)士，活了下來?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一位顧客曾經(jīng)問他是如何一直保持積極的態(tài)度的。A.friendly友好的；B.enthusiastic熱情的；C.generous慷慨的；D.positive積極的。根據(jù)后文“whateverhappens,I’mgoingtochoosetobeinagood”可知，他總是保持積極的態(tài)度。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的回答是：“當(dāng)我早上醒來時，我知道這一天對我來說會有好的時刻和壞的時刻，但無論發(fā)生什么，我都會選擇心情愉快?！盇.moments時刻；B.operations手術(shù)；C.tests測試；D.conflicts沖突。根據(jù)上文“thedaywillhavegoodandbad”以及常識可知，一天中有好的也有好的時刻，且下文“Butwhatalsohelpedwasthathemanagedtoremainanoptimisteveninthemost15momentofhislife.”也是提示。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他回答是：“當(dāng)我早上醒來時，我知道這一天對我來說會有好的時刻和壞的時刻，但無論發(fā)生什么，我都會選擇心情愉快。”A.state狀態(tài)；B.mood情緒；C.event活動；D.luck運(yùn)氣。根據(jù)下文“Butwhatalsohelpedwasthathemanagedtoremainanoptimist”可知，無論發(fā)生什么，Jim都選擇保持好的心情，保持積極。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后有一天，糟糕的事情發(fā)生了。A.ridiculous可笑的；B.awkward尷尬的；C.terrible糟糕的；D.challenging挑戰(zhàn)性的。根據(jù)后文“whenanarmedrobbercamein”可知，有強(qiáng)盜來了，發(fā)生了糟糕的事情。故選C。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：吉姆正要離開商店，這時一個持槍的強(qiáng)盜進(jìn)來了，用槍指著他，逼他打開保險柜。A.safe保險箱；B.door門；C.window窗戶；D.parcel包裹。根據(jù)上文“whenanarmedrobbercamein,heldhimupatgunpoint,andmadehimopenthe”可知，強(qiáng)盜是來搶劫的，因此逼他打開保險柜。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他試圖打開它時，吉姆的手滑了。A.shook搖晃；B.waved揮舞；C.stretched拉長；D.slipped滑動。根據(jù)后文“Therobbersawthisandprobablythought,“He’sabouttoattackme!”(強(qiáng)盜看到這一幕，可能會想：“他要襲擊我了!”)”可知，吉姆的手滑了一下，讓強(qiáng)盜誤會吉姆要攻擊自己，故選D。【27題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：強(qiáng)盜驚慌失措，開了槍。A.refused拒絕；B.panicked恐慌；C.hesitated猶豫；D.withdrew撤回。根據(jù)上文“Therobbersawthisandprobablythought,“He’sabouttoattackme!”(搶劫犯看到這一幕，可能會想：“