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必修四Unit4高考拆組訓(xùn)練閱讀理解組塊專(zhuān)練——練速度(限時(shí):30分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2018·山東省部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考)TheScottishposerEvelynGlennielostnearlyallherhearingasayounggirl,yetwentontoaverysuccessfulcareerinmusicincludingwinningGrammyawards.Whensomebodyasksher,“Howdoyouhear?”Sheresponds,“Howdoyouhear?Isitonlywithyourears?”ForGlennie,andforustoo,listeningisnotonlyhearing,butisunderstanding.Weneedtolistentowhatissaidandunsaid,andalsohowitissaid.It'simportanttohearwhatpeoplesayaccurately.AsMarkTwainsaid,“Thedifferencebetweentherightwordandthealmostrightwordisthedifferencebetweenlightningandthelightningbug(螢火蟲(chóng)).”Ifyoumisssomethingoryou'renotsureyou'veheardaccurately,askthespeakers.Atthispointyou'renotevaluatingwhattheysay,butjustlookingforaccuracyandunderstanding.Herearesomewaystogetclearaboutwhattheysayanddon'tsay.Whyaretheysayingthisnow,insteadofsoonerorlater?Whyaretheyemphasizingthesepoints,insteadofsomethingelse?Listentohowitissaid.Peoplesendsignalsaboutwhattheymeanwiththeirvoicesandbodylanguagethatsometimesdifferfromthewordstheysay.Whilegoingthroughthenextpoints,thinkaboutsomeonewhoserealmeaningyoumightsometimesmiss,andseeifanyofthesesignalsmighteup.First,voices.Whenothersspeak,noticechangesintheirvolume,pace,andtone.Second,bodylanguage.Noticegestures,eyecontact,andfacialexpressions.Dothesesyncwhattheyaresaying,ordotheytelladifferentstory?Third,emotions.Whatisthepersontruefeeling?Nowyoumightnotknowforsure,butbeconsiderate,opentounderstanding,andaskthoughtfulquestions.語(yǔ)篇解讀:本文講述了聆聽(tīng)的內(nèi)涵。我們要聽(tīng)懂說(shuō)話(huà)人想要表達(dá)的言外之意,并且要注意說(shuō)話(huà)方式。1.What'sthewriter'spurposeofmentioningEvelynGlennie?A.Togiveanexampleofwisewords.B.Tointroduceaworld-famousmusician.C.Tohelpexplainthemeaningoflistening.D.Toencourageustofightagainstdisability.解析:選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ForGlennie,andforustoo,listeningisnotonlyhearing,butisunderstanding.”可知,對(duì)于Glennie和“我們”來(lái)說(shuō),聆聽(tīng)不僅是用耳朵聽(tīng)而且是理解,這里說(shuō)明了聆聽(tīng)的內(nèi)涵。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。2.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatMarkTwainsaid?A.ItisimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishwords.B.Peopleshouldknowwordscanbeusedinmanydifferentways.C.Englishisaveryplicatedlanguagewithalargevocabulary.D.Theslightdifferencebetweenwordsmayresultinmisunderstanding.解析:選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“It'simportanttohearwhatpeoplesayaccurately.”和“Atthispointyou'renotevaluatingwhattheysay,butjustlookingforaccuracyandunderstanding.”可知,準(zhǔn)確聽(tīng)懂說(shuō)話(huà)者的意思很重要。因此,選項(xiàng)D“詞語(yǔ)的細(xì)微差異可能導(dǎo)致誤解”與MarkTwain所說(shuō)的話(huà)意思相吻合。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sync”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Match. B.Prove.C.Describe. D.Analyze.解析:選A詞義猜測(cè)題。畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞前的修飾詞these指代前一句中的“gestures,eyecontact,andfacialexpressions”;再根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞后的“whattheyaresaying,ordotheytelladifferentstory”可推斷,match與畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞意思相近。故選A。4.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.SpeakWhileYouListen B.ListenBeyondWordsC.ReadBetweenLines D.ThinkasYouTalk解析:選B標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要說(shuō)明通過(guò)觀察說(shuō)話(huà)人的說(shuō)話(huà)方式來(lái)聽(tīng)懂說(shuō)話(huà)人想表達(dá)的言外之意。所以選B。B(2018·紹興一中一模)StudentsatHarvardthistermhavebeendoingsomethingforthefirsttimeintheuniversity'slonghistory.Theypromisenottocheat,ormorespecifically,tosignuptoanhonorcodeinwhichtheypromisetosticktovaluesofacademicintegrity(學(xué)術(shù)誠(chéng)信).Itmeansstudentsatthewell-knownUSuniversityhavetopromisenottocheatinexams.BrettFlehinger,aprofessoratHarvard,saysstudentsnowwritetheirown“personalresponse”tothehonorcodebeforestartingterm,repeattheirpromisewhenregisteringandthenagainbeforetakingexams.Harvard'sadoptionofanhonorcodefollowsawidely-knowncheatingeventin2012.Ononeexampaper,morethanahundredstudentswereinvestigatedandabout70laterfacedpunishment.Anannualsurveywasconductedbythestudentnewspaper,theHarvardCrimson.Thesurvey,basedonasampleofmorethan70%ofnewstudents,alsoaskedaboutcheating.Itfound9%admittedtohavingcheatedinanexam.Therewereotherswhohadcheatedinhomework,academicworkandotherassignments.Sowillstudentsbestoppedfromcheatingbyapromise?AstudypublishedinOctoberbytheUSNationalBureauofEconomicResearchfound“strongevidence”ofcheatingfromatleast10%ofstudents.“Itisnotsurprisingthatstudentscheat—theyhaveenoughreasonstodoso,andthelikelihoodofgettingcaughtislow,”concludedthestudy.“Whatisperhapsmoresurprisingisthatsolittleeffortisdevotedtocatchingcheatingstudents.”Wouldanhonorcodemakeadifference?SirCaryCooper,aprofessoratManchesterBusinessSchool,says,“Idon'tthinkitactuallystopsthecheatingthatmuch.Auniversitywillhaveitbecauseitgivesspecificmoralguidanceaboutwhatisincorrectbehavior.”語(yǔ)篇解讀:本文是一篇議論文。哈佛大學(xué)為了防止學(xué)生在考試中作弊,在注冊(cè)和考試前讓學(xué)生簽署誠(chéng)信守則,以此來(lái)提升學(xué)術(shù)誠(chéng)信度。5.What'sthemainpurposeofHarvard'shonorcode?A.Tospreadknowledge.B.Topreventstudentscheatinginexams.C.Topunishstudentscheatinginexams.D.Tointroduceresultsoffailingintheexams.解析:選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句及第一段內(nèi)容可知,哈佛大學(xué)的誠(chéng)信守則的主要目的是防止學(xué)生考試作弊。故選B。6.WhatmadeHarvard'shonorcodeappear?A.ThesurveybytheHarvardCrimson.B.AlotofHarvard'sstudents'suggestions.C.TheinfluencefromtheotherUSuniversities.D.AnumberofHarvard'sstudents'cheatinginexams.解析:選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句及第三段內(nèi)容可知,作弊事件迫使哈佛大學(xué)采用誠(chéng)信守則制度。故選D。7.WhatdoweknowaboutthenewstudentsofHarvard?A.Nobodyadmittedhavingcheatedinexams.B.Someofthemcheatedinacademicwork.C.Allofthemcheatedonhomework.D.Theydidn'tcheatinexams.解析:選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句及第四段內(nèi)容可知,一些哈佛新生曾在學(xué)術(shù)作業(yè)中作弊過(guò)。故選B。C(2018·福州五校第一次聯(lián)考)ThereisapopularsayingintheEnglishlanguage:“Sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones,butwordswillneverhurtme.”Well,thatisnottrue.Unkindwords,name-callingoreventheso-called“thesilenttreatment”canhurtchildrenasmuchasbeingphysicallyhit,sometimesevenmoreso.Arecentstudyofmiddleschoolchildrenshowedthatverbal(言語(yǔ)的)abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain.ThestudywasaprojectofresearchersatHarvardMedicalSchoolinMassachusetts.ResearcherMartinTeicherandhisteamstudiedyoungadults,aged18to25.Theseyoungmenandwomenhadnoteverbeentreatedinacruelorviolentwaybytheirparents.Theresearchersaskedtheyoungpeopletoratetheirchildhoodexposuretoverbalabusefrombothparentsandotherchildren.Thentheresearchersperformedimagingtestsonthebrainsofthesubjects.Theimagesshowedthatthepeoplewhoreportedsufferingverbalabusefrompeersinmiddleschoolhadunderdevelopedconnectionsbetweentheleftandrightsideofthebrain.Thetwosidesofthebrainareconnectedbyalargebundleofconnectingfiberscalledthecorpuscallosum.Thiswastheareathatwasunderdeveloped.Themiddleschoolyearsareatimewhenthesebrainconnectionsaredeveloping.So,unkind,hurtfulmentsfromchildrenoradultsduringthisperiodhavethegreatesteffect.Theresearcherstestedthementalandemotionalconditionofalltheyoungpeopleinthestudy.Thetestsshowedthatthissamegroupofpeoplehadhigherlevelsoffear,depression,angeranddrugabusethanothersinthestudy.TheresearcherspublishedtheirfindingsonlineontheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry'swebsite.Parentscannotcontrolwhatotherpeoplesaytotheirchildren,buttheycanpreparetheirchildren.語(yǔ)篇解讀:本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。馬薩諸塞州哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),語(yǔ)言暴力會(huì)干擾大腦神經(jīng)的連接,對(duì)孩子的大腦發(fā)育造成不良影響。8.Whydoestheauthorusethepopularsayingatthebeginning?A.Toshowthepowerofwords.B.Tointroduceanoppositeview.C.Toprovetheauthor'sargument.D.Toshowancientpeople'swisdom.解析:選B作者意圖題。引用名人名言、諺語(yǔ)等是文章開(kāi)篇的常見(jiàn)寫(xiě)作方式,且大多用來(lái)引出文章的話(huà)題。但是根據(jù)此諺語(yǔ)后面的“Well,thatisnottrue.Unkindwords...sometimesevenmoreso.”可知,本文引用這個(gè)諺語(yǔ)恰恰是為了引出一個(gè)不同的或者說(shuō)是相反的觀點(diǎn),故選B。9.Whatwillbediscussedinthenextparagraph?A.mentsonthefindings.B.Approachestofurtherstudies.C.Suggestionstoparents.D.Differentopinionsonthematter.解析:選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,作者接下來(lái)應(yīng)該會(huì)就“父母如何幫助自己的孩子為可能遭受的語(yǔ)言暴力做好準(zhǔn)備,使他們不會(huì)受到語(yǔ)言暴力的影響”給出一些方法或建議。故選C。10.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thewaywespeakmatters.B.Verbalviolenceshouldbestopped.C.Unkindwordshurtthebrain.D.Wordsareworsethansticksandstones.解析:選C主旨大意題。文章介紹了語(yǔ)言暴力對(duì)孩子的不良影響,再根據(jù)文中的“verbal(言語(yǔ)的)abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain”可以看出,其影響主要體現(xiàn)在孩子的大腦發(fā)育方面。故選C。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2018·合肥第二次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Empathy,theKeytoBeingKindInscienceclass,yourteachertellseveryonetofindapartnerforaproject.Outofthecornerofyoureye,younoticeonegirlsittingaloneandnotmakingeyecontactwithanyone.Youthinkaboutaskinghertobeyourpartner,butyou'reafraidpeoplewillthinkyou'reuncool.Youdon'treachouttothem.__1__Empathyisbeingabletounderstandandactuallyfeelwhatsomeoneelseisfeeling.Forsomepeople,thisesnaturally;forothers,ittakesabitmorework.__2__Whenyoupracticebeingempathetic,itgetseasiertomakekindnesspartofyoureverydaylife.Ifyoucanunderstandwhypeoplearefeelingdown,you'llwanttohelpthem.Herearesomeideasthatcanhelpyou.__3__Notbeingabletofindagroupinclassmightnotseemlikeabigdeal—butpartofbeingkindisnoticingwhensomeoneseemssad,hurtorunfortable.Afterall,youhavetonoticehowpeoplefeelinordertofeelempathyandwanttohelpthem!Whenyou'retryingtomakekindnesssecondnature,reallygettingotherpeople'sfeelingsisimportant.__4__Thinkaboutatimewhenyoufeltthatway.Didn'tyouwishsomeonewouldreachouttoyou?Ifsomeonehadofferedyouafewwordsoffort,wouldn'tithavemadeyoufeelsomuchhappier?So,whenyoufindpeoplearoundyouwhoarefeelingdownnexttime,donothesitatetoputyourselfintheirshoesandreachouttothemwithakindgesture.__5__Thereisalwaysatimewhenyouexpectoth
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