高中英語外研必修五學(xué)案第一單元 British and American EnglishPeriod One　Introduction Reading and Speaking

ThedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguageinAmericacanbedividedintothreeperiods：ThefirstperiodextendsfromthesettlementofJamestownin1607totheendofcolonialexpansionar，，sincetheCivilWar，ismarkedbyanimportantchangeinthesourcefromwhichtheEuropeanimmigrantscame.TheycamefromnorthernandsouthernEuropeinlargenumbers.Astimewenton，，thatis，ElizabethanEnglish，thelanguageusedbyShakespeare，MiltonandBanyan.FollowingAmericanindependence，famouspersonslikeThomasJefferson，JohnAdams，andWebsterbegantoconsiderthatthecountryshouldhavealanguageofitsown.EnglishinAmericahasdevelopedacharacterofitsown，reflectingthelifeandthephysicalandsocialenvironmentoftheAmericanpeople.eq\x(Notes)1.colonialadj.殖民的2.expansionn.擴(kuò)張3.immigrantn.移民eq\x(Task)1.Whatisthemainideaofthewholepassage？(nomorethan8words)ThedevelopmentofAmericanEnglish.2.Translatetheunderlinedsentenceinthepassage.隨著美國的獨(dú)立，一些著名人物如托馬斯·杰斐遜、約翰·亞當(dāng)斯以及韋伯斯特等開始思索，他們認(rèn)為美國應(yīng)該有自己的語言。PeriodOneIntroduction&ReadingandSpeakingⅠ.單詞檢測(cè)1.linguistn.語言學(xué)家2.accentn.口音3.obviousadj.顯然的，顯而易見的obviouslyadv.明顯地，顯而易見地4.queuevi.(英)排隊(duì)(等候)5.confusingadj.令人困惑的；難懂的6.comparevt.比較，對(duì)比7.differvi.不同，有區(qū)別differentadj.不同的，有差異的differencen.不同，差異8.remarkn.評(píng)論；講話remarkvi.評(píng)論；談?wù)?.variationn.變化varyvi.變化varietyn.種類10.flickn.&v.輕打；輕彈；抖動(dòng)Ⅱ.短語檢測(cè)1.have...incommon有相同的特點(diǎn)2.makeadifference有影響，使不相同3.getaround四處走動(dòng)(旅行)4.besimilarto與……相似5.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困難6.leadto引起；導(dǎo)致Ⅰ.閱讀課文，匹配各段落大意Paras1～2(B)A.Someexpertsbelievethatthetwovarietiesaremovingclosertogether.UsersofEnglishwillallbeabletounderstandeachother—wherevertheyare.Para3(D)B.Thefirstandmostobviouswayisinthevocabulary.Buttherearesomewordsandexpressionsnotsowellknown.Para4(C)C.BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglisharedifferentinspellingandpronunciation.Paras5～7(A)D.Thereareafewdifferencesingra-mmar.Ⅱ.課文正(T)誤(F)判斷1.There’realotofdifferencesingrammarbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.(F)2.Vocabularyisthefirstandmostobviousdifferencebetweenthetwo.(T)3.Britishpeoplesay“writeme”and“ontheteam”.(F)4.There’snotmuchvariationinlanguagewithinthecountry.(F)5.TelevisionandInternethavemadeiteasierfortheBritishandAmericanstounderstandeachother.(T)6.InthefuturetherewillbeonlyonekindofEnglish.(F)Ⅲ.課文閱讀理解1.FromthetextweknowthattherearedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.A.two B.threeC.four D.five答案C2.What’sthefirstandmostobviousdifferencebetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish?A.Grammar. B.Spelling.C.Words. D.Vocabulary.答案D3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.PeoplefromBritainspeakthesamelanguageaspeoplefromtheUSA.B.TheBritishsay“queueup”butintheUSAwesay“standinline”.C.TherearenodifferencesbetweenAmericanandBritishvarietiesofEnglish.D.Thethirdparagraphtalksaboutspelling.答案B4.Accordingtothetext，theBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglisharedifferentinallthefollowingaspectsEXCEPTin.A.vocabulary B.spellingC.accent D.origin答案D5.Fromthefifthparagraph，wecaninferthat.A.inthefuture，therewillbeonlythreemain“Englishes”B.inthefuture，therewillbemany“Englishes”C.inthefuture，usersofEnglishwillnotbeabletounderstandeachotherD.withsatelliteTVandtheInternet，ithasbeenimpossibletolistentoBritishandAmericanEnglisheasily答案BⅣ.課文閱讀填空IntroductionAmericanEnglishis1.differentfromBritishEnglish.Supportingdetails2.vocabularySometimesthesamewordhasaslightlydifferentmeaning，whichcanbe3.confusing.4.spellingAnunciationManyfactorshaveinfluencedAmericanpronunciation.6.accentAmericanEnglishismost7.similartoBritishEnglish.8.Varietiesaremovingcloser.Withthedevelopmentof9.satelliteTVandtheInternet，ithasledtomanyAmericanwordsandstructures10.passingintoBritishEnglish.Ⅴ.難句分析1.TheBritishuseprepositionswhereAmericanssometimesomitthem(I’llseeyouMonday；Writemesoon！).句式分析whereAmericanssometimesomitthem是where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句，where在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語。自主翻譯英國人用介詞的地方美國人有時(shí)會(huì)省略(周一見，盡快給我寫信！)。2.ButithasalsoledtolotsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish，sothatsomepeoplenowbelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear.句式分析句中l(wèi)otsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，leadto中to為介詞；sothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。自主翻譯但是這也致使許多美語單詞和結(jié)構(gòu)傳入英式英語，以至于現(xiàn)在有些人相信英式英語將要消失。1.confusing[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Sometimesthesamewordhasaslightlydifferentmeaning，whichcanbeconfusing.有時(shí)，同一個(gè)單詞在意義上有細(xì)微的差別，這可能令人困惑。(2)Theconfusingdirectionsonthebottlemademenottakethemedicine.藥瓶上令人費(fèi)解的使用說明書使我沒有吃藥。(3)Theconfusingpersonconfusedthedriver.這個(gè)令人困惑的人把司機(jī)弄糊涂了。[歸納拓展]1confusingadj.令人困惑的；難懂的2confusevt.使迷惑；使難以理解confuseAwith/andB把A和B相混淆3confusedadj.感到迷惑的；感到難懂的beconfusedbysth.被……搞糊涂了4confusionn.困惑；混亂；混淆inconfusion困惑地；困窘地[即時(shí)跟蹤](1)用confuse的正確形式填空Theyconfusedmebyaskingsomanyconfusingconfused,standingthereinconfusion,notknowingwhattodo.(2)單句改錯(cuò)Theconfusingexpressiononherfaceshowedthatshehadn’tquiteunderstoodhermanager’sidea.confusing→pare[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)...compareontheteam，ontheweekend(American)withintheteam，attheweekend(British).……比較一下ontheteam，ontheweekend(美式)和intheteam，attheweekend(英式)。(2)Don’tcompareyourstrengthswithothers’weaknesses，whichisuseless.不要拿你的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)和別人的弱點(diǎn)相比，那是沒意義的。(3)Shakespearecomparedtheworldtoastageinhisworks.莎士比亞在他的作品中把這個(gè)世界比作舞臺(tái)。[歸納拓展]1comparevt.比較，對(duì)照；比作compare...with...和……比較compare...to...把……比作……comparedto/with和……相比通常作狀語2comparisonn.比較incomparisonwith與……相比[即時(shí)跟蹤]單句語法填空(1)Compare(compare)thiscarwiththatone，andyouwillfinddifferences.(2)Comparing(compare)thiscarwiththatone，youwillfinddifferences.(3)Compared(compare)to/withthatone，thiscarisbetterinquality.(4)Thesewomennursescanbecomparedtoangelsinwhite.(5)Thedriver’sinjurieswerenotseriousincomparisonwiththepassengers.3.differ[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Theothertwoareasinwhichthetwovarietiesdifferarespellingandpronunciation.在兩種英語中另外兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域的區(qū)別是拼寫和發(fā)音。(2)ChinesediffersgreatlyfromEnglishinpronunciation.漢語的發(fā)音與英語大不相同。(3)Thehusbandandwifedifferwidelyintheirinterests.這對(duì)夫妻之間的愛好大相徑庭。[歸納拓展]1differvi.不同，有區(qū)別；意見分歧或相左differfrom與……不同differin在……方面不同2bedifferentfrom與……不同bedifferentin在……方面不同3tellthedifferencebetweenAandB區(qū)別A和B的不同[即時(shí)跟蹤](1)在這方面法語不同于英語。FrenchdiffersfromEnglishinthisrespect.(2)使我們吃驚的是，他們?cè)谏罘绞缴先绱瞬煌?。Tooursurprise，theyaresodifferentfromeachotherinlifestyle.(3)你能分清楚藥片和M&M巧克力豆之間的區(qū)別嗎？CanyoutellthedifferencebetweenapillandanM&M?4.remark[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)WhentheIrishwriterGeorgeBernardShawmadethefamousremarkthattheBritishandtheAmericansaretwonationsdividedbyacommonlanguage，hewasobviouslythinkingaboutthedifferences.當(dāng)愛爾蘭作家喬治·蕭伯納講那句名言“英國和美國是被同一種語言分開的兩個(gè)國家”的時(shí)候，他顯然想到了它們之間的差別。(2)Alocalnewspaperremarkedthatcrimewasonthedecrease.一家地方報(bào)社評(píng)論說犯罪案件在減少。(3)Idon’tthinkhisremarksarerelevanttoourdiscussion.我認(rèn)為他的話不切我們的議題。(4)ProfessorSmithremarkedonthedifferencebetweenthetwodictionaries.史密斯教授談到了這兩本詞典的不同之處。[歸納拓展]1remarkn.[C]評(píng)論；講話；談?wù)?；vt.談到；評(píng)論；敘述，說；vi.敘述；評(píng)論makearemarkon/about...對(duì)……發(fā)表評(píng)論remarkon/uponsb./sth.對(duì)某人/某事發(fā)表評(píng)論remarkthat...談?wù)摰健?remarkableadj.非凡的；引人注目的[即時(shí)跟蹤]單句語法填空(1)Itwouldberudetoremarkon/uponherappearance.(2)TheteacherremarkedthatIhadmaderemarkableprogress.(remark)1.have...incommon[語境感悟](1)(教材P1)WehavereallyeverythingincommonwithAmericanowadays，exceptofcourse，language.現(xiàn)如今我們真的與美國在每一件事情上都有共同之處，當(dāng)然語言除外。(2)Don’tbhavenothingincommon.別煩我！我們沒有什么共同之處。[歸納拓展]have...incommon在……方面有相同之處havealot/much/agreatdealincommonwith...與……有很多共同之處havenothing/littleincommonwith...與……沒有/很少有共同之處incommonwithsb./sth.與某人/某物一樣[即時(shí)跟蹤](1)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)彼此有很多共同點(diǎn)，很合得來。Wefoundthatwehadalot/muchincommonandgotonwell.(2)艾米和她的妹妹一樣非常喜歡唱歌。Incommonwithhersister，Amylikessingingverymuch.2.makeadifference[語境感悟](1)(教材P1)Itdoesn’tmakemuchofadifferencewhetherateacherspeaksBritishorAmericanEnglish.一個(gè)老師說英式英語還是美式英語都不會(huì)有太大差別。(2)Wecanhopetoreachourgoalsandtrulymakeadifferencebydiscoveringwhatwedobest.只有發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的長(zhǎng)處我們才有希望達(dá)到目標(biāo)并真正產(chǎn)生影響。[歸納拓展]makeadifference有影響，使不相同；起重要作用makemuch/agreatdifferenceto對(duì)……有很大影響作用makeno/littledifferenceto對(duì)……沒有/幾乎沒有影響作用[即時(shí)跟蹤](1)轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)對(duì)我的一生有著重大影響。Changingschoolsmadeabigdifferencetomylife.(2)誰將獲勝對(duì)于我來說沒什么兩樣。Itmakesnodifferencetomewhowillwin.3.getaround[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)...ormaybeyouwillprefertogetaroundthetownbytaxi(British)orcab(American).……或者你可能更愿意乘坐出租車taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游覽城市。(2)Newshasgotaroundthathewoulddropoutoftherace.消息已經(jīng)傳出：他將退出比賽。(3)Doyougetalongwithyournewclassmates?你跟新同學(xué)合得來嗎？(4)Acarstoppedbeforehimandhegotin.一輛小汽車停在他面前，他上了車。[歸納拓展]getaround到處走動(dòng)旅行；消息、謠言傳開；傳播getalongwith與……相處getdownto開始認(rèn)真做某事getin進(jìn)入；收獲；達(dá)到getthrough通過；撥通電話getover克服；恢復(fù)[即時(shí)跟蹤]用get短語的正確形式填空(1)Mary’sfatherlikesgettingaround.(2)Ifyoucangetoveryourpresentdifficulties，theneverythingshouldbeallright.(3)ItriedcallingyouseveraltimesbutIcouldn’tgetthrough.(4)Let’sstopchattingandgetdowntowork.4.besimilarto[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Theaccent，whichismostsimilartoBritishEnglish，canbeheardontheEastCoastoftheUS.在美國東海岸能夠聽到與英式英語非常相似的口音。(2)Goldissimilarincolortobrass.黃金與黃銅的顏色相似。(3)Nordoesanyoneknowifthisgenewouldbehavesimilarlyinpeople.沒有人知道這種基因在人體內(nèi)是否有類似的表現(xiàn)。[歸納拓展]1besimilarto與……相似besimilarin在……方面相似2similarlyadv.相似地，類似地[即時(shí)跟蹤](1)單句語法填空①Thetwobrothersaresimilarinappearance，butdifferwidelyintheirtastes.②Runningisagoodwaytokeepfit.Similarly(similar)，ridingabicycleisgoodforourhealth.③Mynewdressissimilartotheoneyouhave.(2)他們兩人性格相近。Thetwoofthemaresimilarincharacter.5.havedifficulty(in)doingsth./withsth.[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)ALondonerhasmoredifficultyunderstandingaScotsmanfromGlasgowthanunderstandingaNewYorker.倫敦人要聽懂來自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人說話比聽懂紐約人說話更困難。(2)Idon’thavemuchdifficultywithEnglishgrammar.我在英語語法方面沒有很大的困難。[歸納拓展]havenodifficultyindoingsth./withsth.做某事沒有困難difficulty為不可數(shù)名詞；in常可以省略表示“做某事有困難”的其他幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：Therebesomedifficultyindoingsth.Itbedifficultforsb.todosth.[即時(shí)跟蹤](1)單句語法填空①You’llimaginewhatdifficultywehadwalking(walk)homeinthesnowstorm.②Hepickedthemuphappilyandatethemallwithdifficulty.③Itisdifficultforthemtoharvest(harvest)fishintheocean.(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換Ihavenodifficultywiththeproblem.→Ihavenodifficulty(in)workingouttheproblem.6.leadto[語境感悟](1)(教材P3)ButithasalsoledtolotsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish，...但是這也致使許多美語單詞和結(jié)構(gòu)傳入英式英語，……(2)AllroadsleadtoRome.條條大路通羅馬。(3)Hesaidhewouldleadustothemuseum.他說他會(huì)帶我們?nèi)ゲ┪镳^。(4)Thecompanyhastakentheleadincarproductionforyears.幾年來，這家公司在汽車生產(chǎn)行業(yè)一直處于領(lǐng)先地位。[歸納拓展]leadto引起，導(dǎo)致；通向leadsb.to...帶領(lǐng)某人到……leadsb.todosth.使某人做某事leadtheway帶頭，先行taketheleadin在……方面領(lǐng)先[即時(shí)跟蹤](1)用所給詞的正確形式填空①Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoftenleads(lead)toillness.②Withhimleading(lead)theway，wegotthereintime.③Suchactionsofhimleadustodistrust(distrust)him.(2)早晨睡懶覺導(dǎo)致了他上班遲到。Itwassleepinglateinthemorningthatledtohisbeinglateforwork.1.while的用法[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Americansuseaflashlight，whilefortheBritish，it’satorch.美國人把手電筒稱為flashlight，而英國人卻叫它torch。(2)Whilehewasreadingthenewspaper，heheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.當(dāng)他讀報(bào)紙的時(shí)候，他聽到有人敲門。(3)WhileIadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult，Idon’tagreetoyourwaytosolvethem.雖然我承認(rèn)問題很難，但是我不同意你解決問題的方式。[歸納拓展](1)while可作并列連詞，表示對(duì)比，意為“而，然而”。(2)while作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。(3)while作從屬連詞，意為“盡管，雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，從句一般位于句首。注意：while從句中用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。[即時(shí)跟蹤]寫出下列句中while的詞性及漢語意思(1)Somepeoplecomehereforashortbreakwhileothershavedecidedtostayforever.while在句中作并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列分句，表示前后情況的對(duì)比，意為“而，然而”。(2)Marymadecoffeewhileherguestswerefinishingtheirmeal.while在句中作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。2.it作形式賓語[語境感悟](1)(教材P3)Thisnon-stopcommunication，theexpertsthink，hasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother.專家們認(rèn)為，這種不間斷的交流使英國人和美國人彼此理解起來更加容易。(2)Shemadeitherdutytolookafterthesechildren.她把照顧這些孩子作為她的義務(wù)。[歸納拓展]這是“make＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)的一種特殊形式，其中it為形式賓語，真正的賓語為賓補(bǔ)后的不定式短語。(1)“make＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”是一個(gè)常用句式。如果make后的賓語是不定式或that從句或動(dòng)名詞，賓語補(bǔ)足語是形容詞或名詞，這時(shí)往往把形式賓語it放在賓語的位置上，把真正的賓語放在后面。(2)與make這一用法相同的常用動(dòng)詞還有：find，feel，think，consider等。該句型常為：make/find/feel/think/consider...＋it＋adj./n.＋that-clause/(forsb.)todosth./v.-ing[即時(shí)跟蹤](1)單句語法填空①Hefeelsithisdutytohelpothers.②Manyparentsfindithelpfultohave(have)petsinthehousefortheirchildren.③Ithinkitnousearriving(arrive)theretooearly.④Therainmadeitmoredifficultforustofinishtheworkontime.(2)單句改錯(cuò)IfinditnecessarilytolearnEnglishwell.necessarily→necessaryⅠ.單句語法填空1.Comparedwith/towesterncountries，Chinausesmaterialsverycarefully.2.Itisobviousthatshehasadvantagesofherownonthismatter.3.TheyaskedmemanyconfusingquestionsandIwasconfused.(confuse)4.Thetwocirclesdifferinsizebutnotincolour.5.Thewallsaregreen，whiletheceilingiswhite.Ⅱ.選詞填空havenodifficultyin，besimilarto，getaround，leadto，incommonwith，remarkon1.Incommonwithotheryoungsters，weallenjoypopmusicandsports.2.Withthismaphelpingus，wehadnodifficulty(in)findinghishouselastSaturday.3.IthinkitwashiscarelessnessthatledtohisfailureintheCollegeEntranceExaminations.4.Look，mynewbicycleissimilarto’ttellthedifferencesbetweenthem.5.Itisdifficultforhimtogetaroundwithoutastick.6.Thediffer