高考英語(yǔ)完整版準(zhǔn)備考一輪講義（譯林版）選修六Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld

Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld社會(huì)生活之(五)——經(jīng)濟(jì)援助[一積詞匯見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣][課內(nèi)單詞回扣](一)閱讀詞匯寫(xiě)其義1．victimn．受害者2.troublesomeadj.麻煩的，棘手的3．remoteadj.偏遠(yuǎn)的，偏僻的4.obtainvt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得；贏得5．chaosn．混亂，雜亂，紊亂6.vacantadj.空著的；(職位)空缺的7．staffn．全體員工8.politicaladj.政治的；政府的9．charityn．慈善機(jī)構(gòu)；慈善10mitmentn．承諾；奉獻(xiàn)11．a(chǎn)lternativeadj.可供替代的n．可供選擇的事物(二)表達(dá)詞匯寫(xiě)其形1．a(chǎn)cquirevt.購(gòu)得；獲得2.expandvi.&vt.擴(kuò)展；增強(qiáng)3．meansn．手段，方法4.colleaguen．同事5．worthyadj.值得的；有價(jià)值的6.voluntaryadj.志愿的；自愿的7．crowdn．人群v．?dāng)D滿(mǎn)，塞滿(mǎn)8.remindvt.提醒，使想起(三)拓展詞匯靈活用*1.lackn．&vt.缺乏→lackingadj.缺乏的；短缺的2.descriptionn．描寫(xiě)(文字)，形容，說(shuō)明→describevt.描述，形容；描繪3.additionn．增加；添加；此外，另外→addvt.&vi.添加；相加，求和；增加→additionaladj.附加的；另外的*4.equaladj.平等的；同等的n.同等的人；相等物vt.與……相同或相等→equalityn．平等；同等→equallyadv.相等地*5.contributevt.&vi.捐獻(xiàn)，捐贈(zèng)，捐助；貢獻(xiàn)；促成，導(dǎo)致→contributionn．貢獻(xiàn)；捐獻(xiàn)；投稿→contributorn．貢獻(xiàn)者；捐獻(xiàn)者；投稿人6.exportn．出口產(chǎn)品，輸出品；出口vt.&vi.出口；輸出→import(反義詞)n.進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品，進(jìn)口vt.&vi.進(jìn)口；輸入7.urgentadj.緊急的，緊迫的→urgencyn．緊迫，迫切8.starvationn．饑餓；挨餓；餓死→starvevt.&vi.(使)餓死，(使)挨餓*9.possessionn．個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)；擁有，具有→possessvt.擁有*10.assistvt.幫助，協(xié)助→assistancen．幫助，協(xié)助→assistantn．助手用上面加*號(hào)的單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Allmenarebornequal,_soeveryonehopestobetreatedequallybecauseequalityisthebasicdemand.2．Thevolunteerscontributedmuchtimetotheproject.DrWinwasamajorcontributortotheprojectandhemadeagreatcontribution.3．Whenyoutryyourbesttogoaftermorepossessions,_youcan'trealizeyouareactuallyalreadyinpossessionofyourmostimportantgifts—whatyouhavepossessed—untilyoulosethem.4．StudiesshowfarmlandinAfricaisoftenlackinginimportantnutrients.Lackofnutrientsmakesthesoilpoor.5．Toassistourfactory,theassistantmanagerhasmadeapromisetoofferustechnicalandfinancialassistance.[話(huà)題單詞積累]1．devote/d?'v??t/vt.把……奉獻(xiàn)(給)2．suffer/'s?f?(r)/vi.&vt.遭受，忍受3．warmth/w??mθ/n.溫暖，暖和；熱情4．fort/'k?mf?t/vt.&n.安慰5．relief/r?'li?f/n.寬慰，安心6．donate/d??'ne?t/vt.&vi.捐贈(zèng)7．donation/d??'ne??n/n.捐贈(zèng)，贈(zèng)送8．support/s?'p??t/v.贊成，支持；提供9．grateful/'gre?tfl/adj.感激的，感謝的10．gratitude/'gr?t?tju?d/n.感激，感謝11．distribute/d?'str?bju?t/vt.分配；分發(fā)12．generosity/d?en?'r?s?ti/n.慷慨，大方13．financially/fa?'n?n??l?/adv.金融上14．rescue/'reskju?/vt.營(yíng)救，救援15．undergo/?nd?'g??/vt.經(jīng)歷；遭受，承受16．receive/r?'si?v/v.收到，接到17．disaster/d?'zɑ?st?(r)/n.災(zāi)難18．supply/s?'pla?/n.供給物19．a(chǎn)fford/?'f??d/vt.買(mǎi)得起；負(fù)擔(dān)得起20．international/?nt?'n??n?l/adj.國(guó)際的21．programme/'pr??gr?m/n.方案；計(jì)劃22．damage/'d?m?d?/vt.&vi.&n．損害23．destroy/d?'str??/vt.破壞，摧毀24．medical/'med?kl/adj.醫(yī)學(xué)的；醫(yī)療的25．organize/'??g?na?z/v.組織；安排26．organization/??g?na?'ze??n/n．組織，安排27．prevent/pr?'vent/vt.預(yù)防28．injury/'?nd??ri/n.傷害29．project/pr?'d?ekt/n.計(jì)劃，項(xiàng)目30．rebuild/ri?'b?ld/vt.重建31．a(chǎn)vailable/?'ve?l?bl/adj.可獲得的32．promote/pr?'m??t/vt.促進(jìn)，推進(jìn)33．typhoon/ta?'fu?n/n.臺(tái)風(fēng)34．catastrophic/k?t?'str?f?k/adj.災(zāi)難的35．hurricane/'h?r?k?n/n.颶風(fēng)36．tsunami/tsju?'nɑ?mi/n.海嘯37．munity/k?'mju?n?ti/n.社區(qū)[二積短語(yǔ)頓挫抑揚(yáng)][課內(nèi)短語(yǔ)回扣](一)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)寫(xiě)出下列短語(yǔ)*1.refer_to談及；涉及；參考*2.in_addition除……以外(還)3.draw_someone's_attention_to(使某人)察覺(jué)到4.contribute_..._to_...捐獻(xiàn)5.under_the_umbrella_of在……的保護(hù)下6.if_only要是……就好了*7.break_down出故障；拋錨*8.in_chaos處于混亂狀態(tài)*9.get_hold_of得到；抓住10.remind_sb._of_...使想起*11.think_back_to回想*12.make_a_difference有作用(二)用上面加*號(hào)的短語(yǔ)完成下列句子1．I'mfirmlyconvincedthatwitheveryonedoinghisbit,itwillmake_a_differenceandeverythingwillgetbetterandbetter.2．Onreferring_tomynotes,IfoundIhadmadeabigmistake.3．Iwaswalkinginthestreetwhenalittleboycameupandgot_hold_ofmysleeve,beggingmetohelphimlookforhismother.4．Thinking_back_tohislife,hefoundhischildhoodwasthehappiesttimeforhim.5．Idon'tlikethecolorofthiscoat.In_addition,_itistoolargetofitme.6．Themeetingendedin_chaoswhensomepeoplethrewtomatoesatthespeakers.7．Shebroke_downwhensheheardthenews,butshequicklyrecovered.[話(huà)題短語(yǔ)積累]1．setup創(chuàng)立，設(shè)立2．intimeof及時(shí)趕上3．diefrom死于4．inneed(of)需要5．sufferfrom遭受，患……病6．beconcernedabout擔(dān)憂(yōu)，擔(dān)心7．haveaccessto使用；接近8．beinvolvedin參與9．workon從事10．withthehelpof在……的幫助下11．dodamageto對(duì)……造成損害12．offersb.sth.主動(dòng)向某人提供某物13．rescue/save...from...把……從……中營(yíng)救出來(lái)14．takeon承擔(dān)[三積句式寫(xiě)作扮靚][課內(nèi)句式仿寫(xiě)]1．sth.＋be＋adj.＋todo[例句]Thislandwasdifficulttofarmbutnowwaterhasbeenpumpedintothefields.[仿寫(xiě)]外國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)者很難理解唐詩(shī)的真實(shí)含義和文化。(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ滿(mǎn)分作文)ThetruemeaningandthecultureofTangpoemsare_difficult_to_understandforaforeignlearner.2．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句[例句]IampleasedtohavethischancetodaytotalktoyouabouttheUnitedNations,ortheUN,asitismoreoftenreferredto.[仿寫(xiě)]眾所周知，剪紙是中國(guó)特有的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)，有著兩千多年的歷史。(2017·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷滿(mǎn)分作文)As_is_known_to_all,_paper-cuttingisauniquetraditionalChinesefolkartwithahistoryofover2,000years.3．wouldrather后接從句時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣[例句]Iwouldratheryouhadn'ttoldmeaboutit.[仿寫(xiě)]我寧愿我現(xiàn)在在北京，這樣我就會(huì)陪你去書(shū)店了。(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ滿(mǎn)分作文)IwouldratherI_were_in_Beijingnow,inwhichcaseIwouldacpanyyoutothebookstore.4．ifonly引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句或感嘆句[例句]Ifonlythereweremorepeopledonatingmoneytocharities![仿寫(xiě)]要是下周你能來(lái)天津見(jiàn)我該多好啊。(2017·天津高考滿(mǎn)分作文)If_only_you_could_e_to_Tianjinandmeetmenextweek！[話(huà)題佳句背誦]1．Theypaidforthelocalchildrenwhowereeagertoattendsummercampwhentheirparentscouldn'taffordit.當(dāng)那些孩子的父母負(fù)擔(dān)不起的時(shí)候，他們給那些渴望參加夏令營(yíng)的當(dāng)?shù)睾⒆痈读隋X(qián)。2．Iftheycouldseethingsthattheycoulddotomaketheoldpeoplehappier,theywoulddothem.如果他們看到他們能做的可以讓老年人更快樂(lè)的事情，他們就會(huì)去做。3．Immediatemeasuresmustbetakentosolvethedifficultproblemsthevictimsarefacedwith.必須立即采取措施來(lái)解決災(zāi)民所面臨的難題。4．Hemadeasuggestionthatnotonlyshouldwecontributemoneyandfoodtothembutalsosomevolunteersbesenttheretohelpthoseingreatneedofcare.我建議我們不但應(yīng)該捐錢(qián)和食物，還應(yīng)派一些志愿者去幫助那些需要照顧的人。5．Afterhisretirement,MrSmithaswellashisfriendsisdevotedtohelpingthepeoplesufferingfromAIDS.在他退休之后，史密斯先生和他的朋友們都致力于幫助艾滋病患者。[四背語(yǔ)段語(yǔ)感流暢]Thenon-officialorganizationreferredtojustnowwassetupinthe1980s.Theorganizationtakesonmanyjobsinvolvingthatcharity.Itisaworthynon-profitorganizationandit'sgoodfamethathaswonitselfgreathonour.Inaddition,theorganizationalsocontributestopromotingpeace.Withthehelpofit,somechildrendroppingoutofschoolreturnedtoschool.Anditalsohelpmanyvictimsrebuildtheirhomesathomeandabroad.Besides,itdonatedmuchmoneytothepatientswhocouldn'taffordtheexpensivemedicalexpenses.剛才提及的一個(gè)非官方組織成立于20世紀(jì)80年代。該組織承擔(dān)了許多涉及慈善的事務(wù)。這是一個(gè)可敬的非盈利性組織，它的好聲望為它贏得了極大的榮譽(yù)。另外，該組織對(duì)促進(jìn)和平作出了貢獻(xiàn)。在它的幫助下，許多輟學(xué)的孩子重返學(xué)校，同時(shí)它也幫助許多在國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)外的災(zāi)民重建家園。此外，它給那些負(fù)擔(dān)不起昂貴的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的病人捐了很多錢(qián)。[第一板塊重點(diǎn)詞匯突破][師生共研詞匯]1．lackn．&vt.缺乏[教材原句]Whenthereisalackoffood,thereishunger.當(dāng)食物匱乏時(shí)，就會(huì)有饑餓。(1)lacksth.缺乏/少某物(沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))lackfor需要，需求(常用于否定句)(2)forlackof因缺乏……alackof缺乏……(3)lackingadj.短缺的；缺乏的belackingin缺少……①M(fèi)oreandmorehigh-risebuildingshavebeenbuiltinbigcitiesfor_lack_of_space.由于缺少空間，大城市里建起了越來(lái)越多的摩天大樓。②Lacking_confidencecanleadtoalotofsuffering,soyoushouldbelieveinyourself.＝_Lack_of_confidencecanleadtoalotofsuffering,soyoushouldbelieveinyourself.缺乏自信會(huì)導(dǎo)致許多痛苦，所以你應(yīng)該相信自己。③ThoughJackwas_lacking_inexperience,hemadeupforitinenthusiasm.雖然杰克缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但是他以滿(mǎn)腔的熱情來(lái)彌補(bǔ)不足。[名師點(diǎn)津]lack作名詞時(shí)常與介詞of連用；作動(dòng)詞時(shí)可用作及物動(dòng)詞直接加賓語(yǔ)(不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞用；形容詞lacking常與in連用。2．worthyadj.令人敬重的；值得的，相稱(chēng)的；有價(jià)值的[教材原句]Withthehelpofthesearmiesandotherworthyorganizations,theUNassiststhevictimsofwarsanddisasters.在這些軍隊(duì)和其他慈善組織的協(xié)助下，聯(lián)合國(guó)為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)及災(zāi)難的受害者提供援助。(1)beworthyeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(ofsth.值得的，配得上的,ofbeingdone……值得做,tobedone……值得做))(2)bewortheq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(錢(qián)數(shù)/n.值……/值得……,doing……值得做))(3)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(It'sworthwhiledoingsth.,It'sworthwhiletodosth.))值得做某事①SinceyouareinterestedintraditionalChineseculture,Ithinkthisfestivaliswellworthexperiencing(experience).②NowthatyouareinterestedintraditionalChineseculture,Ithinkthisfestivaliswellworthyto_be_experienced(experience)．③SinceyouareinterestedintraditionalChineseculture,Ithinkthisfestivaliswellworthyofbeing_experienced(experience)．④SinceyouareinterestedintraditionalChineseculture,Ithinkitiswellworthwhileexperiencing/to_experience(experience)thisfestival.既然你對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)文化感興趣，我認(rèn)為這個(gè)節(jié)日很值得你體驗(yàn)。3．equaladj.平等的；同等的，相同的；勝任的n.同等的人；相等物vt.與……相同或相等[高考佳句]Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers.(2017·天津高考閱讀)它將完全把無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)置于和真人駕駛平等的法律地位。(1)beequaltosth./doingsth.等于/勝任(做)某事withoutequal無(wú)與倫比(2)equalityn.平等equallyadv.相等地；同等地；均等地；同樣地①Theblacksshouldbe_equal_tothewhites.黑人應(yīng)該與白人平等。②WeChinesepeoplehavepersistentlyurgedtheequality(equal)ofnations,bigorsmall.我們中國(guó)一貫主張國(guó)家無(wú)論大小一律平等。③Menandwomenmustbetreatedequally(equal)ineducationandemployment.在教育和就業(yè)方面男女應(yīng)該得到平等的對(duì)待。4．contributevt.&vi.捐獻(xiàn)，捐贈(zèng)，捐助；貢獻(xiàn)；促成，導(dǎo)致；投稿[教材原句]Theycollectapproximately1.35yuanperdayfromeachmemberandaddittosomemoneycontributedbythegovernment.他們每天從每個(gè)成員那里籌集到大約1.35元，然后匯集到政府所捐贈(zèng)的款子上。(1)contributesth.to...把某物捐獻(xiàn)給……contributeto為……做出貢獻(xiàn)；有助于；導(dǎo)致(2)contributionn.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；投稿makeacontribution/contributionsto(doing)...對(duì)(做)……做出貢獻(xiàn)①I(mǎi)fyouwanttocontributeyourarticletoournewspaper,pleasesendmebeforethedeadline.如果你想給我們的報(bào)刊投稿，請(qǐng)?jiān)诮馗迦掌谇鞍涯愕奈恼掳l(fā)給我。②LocatedwheretheBeltmeetstheRoad,Jiangsuwillcontribute_more_to_theBeltandRoadconstruction.(2017·江蘇高考)江蘇位于一帶一路交匯處，將為一帶一路的建設(shè)做出更大的貢獻(xiàn)。③Participatinginthecontestwillbeagoldenchanceformetoshowmydancingskillsandmakesomecontributions(contribute)totheclass.參加比賽對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一次難得的展示我的舞蹈才能的好機(jī)會(huì)，并對(duì)班級(jí)做出貢獻(xiàn)。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“引起；導(dǎo)致；有助于”的詞語(yǔ)還有：cause,leadto,resultin,bringabout等。5．a(chǎn)lternativeadj.可供替代的，供選擇的；其他的n．可供選擇的事物；選擇對(duì)象[高考佳句]Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomicalincidents.Butalternativeexplanationsarehardtofind.(2017·江蘇高考)恐龍的消失未必是由天文事件引起的，但是難以找到可替代的解釋。(1)havenoalternativebuttodosth.別無(wú)選擇只好做某事there'snoalternative...……別無(wú)選擇analternativeto...……的替代品(2)alternativelyadv.可供選擇地①Wehavenoalternativebutto_go(go)on.除了繼續(xù)下去，我們沒(méi)有選擇的余地。②Trytoarrangeplaytimeforthechildrenasan_alternative_toTVviewing.設(shè)法給孩子們安排做游戲的時(shí)間，來(lái)代替看電視。[名師點(diǎn)津]“別無(wú)選擇只好做……”的其他表達(dá)形式還有：havenochoicebuttodosth.;can'tdosth.butdosth.;candonothingbutdosth.。③Herparentshadnochoicebutto_allow(allow)hertogotoChinatotravelalone.她的父母除了允許她獨(dú)自一人去中國(guó)旅行別無(wú)選擇。6．meansn．手段，方法[教材原句]Healthcareislimitedastherearenodoctorsornursesinthevillages—noonehasthemeanstopaythem.村莊里的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生條件是有限的，因?yàn)槟抢餂](méi)有醫(yī)生也沒(méi)有護(hù)士——沒(méi)有人有辦法支付他們的工資。ameansof...……的方法meansofproduction/transport/munication生產(chǎn)工具/運(yùn)輸工具/通信手段bymeansof用，依靠；通過(guò)byallmeans無(wú)論如何；當(dāng)然可以(口語(yǔ))bynomeans絕對(duì)不；無(wú)論如何都不(用于句首，句子要倒裝)①Everypossiblemeanshas(have)beentried,butnoneworked.每種可能的方法都試過(guò)了，但是沒(méi)有一種起作用的。②Weexpressourfeelingsby_means_of_words.我們用語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)感情。③Ihavetriedmybesttowork,butbynomeansis_my_boss_satisfied_with_me.我已經(jīng)努力工作了，但是老板對(duì)我一點(diǎn)也不滿(mǎn)意。[名師點(diǎn)津]means單復(fù)數(shù)相同。當(dāng)means由every/each修飾作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)means由these/those修飾作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。④Everymeanshas_been_usedtodealwithit.為了處理此事，各種方法都用過(guò)了。⑤Allpossiblemeanstosolvetheproblemhave_been_tried.所有可能解決此問(wèn)題的方法都被試過(guò)了。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“(做)某事的方法”的其他表達(dá)還有：①theapproachto(doing)sth.②thewaytodosth./of(doing)sth.③themethodof(doing)sth.7．remindvt.提醒，使想起[教材原句]ItremindedmeofmytimeinSudan,whereseveralDoctorswithoutBordersstaffwereattackedaspeopletriedtogetthefood.這使我想起了我在蘇丹的那段時(shí)光，當(dāng)時(shí)人們哄搶食物，有好幾名無(wú)國(guó)界醫(yī)生組織的工作人員受到了攻擊。remindsb.ofsth./sb.提醒某人某事/想起某人remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事remind(sb.)that/how/what提醒(某人)……①Theproverbremindedmethatthepathtosuccesswasnotalwayssmoothandencouragedmetostruggleon.這個(gè)諺語(yǔ)提醒我成功之路不是一帆風(fēng)順的并鼓勵(lì)我繼續(xù)努力。②Barbaraoftenmakesascheduletogetherselfremindedofwhatsheistodointheday.芭芭拉經(jīng)常制定一個(gè)時(shí)間表來(lái)提醒自己一天中應(yīng)做什么。③Weareconstantlybeingremindedto_cut(cut)downourfatintake.不斷有人提醒我們要減少脂肪的攝入量。[自主練通詞匯]acquirevt.購(gòu)得；獲得，得到，取得補(bǔ)全句子①Youmustworkhardtoacquire_a_good_knowledge_of(學(xué)會(huì))aforeignlanguage.②Wewantpeopletoacquire_the_habit_of(養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣)usingpublictransportinsteadoftheircars.③Thepanyhasrecentlyacquired_new_offices(購(gòu)得了新辦公室)incentralLondon.[詞匯過(guò)關(guān)練]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thesereformsmademajorcontributions(contribute)tothestabilityoftheeconomy.2．Weareconstantlybeingremindedto_cut(cut)downourfatintake.3．Theconstructionqualityisassuredbymeansofsafetyandenvironmentalprotectionmeasures.4．Hejustgraduatedfromtheuniversitylastmonth,soheislackinginworkingexperience.5．Gradually,shehasacquiredahabitofreadingEnglisheveryday.6．Youmusthaveagoodeducation,butpracticaltrainingisequally(equal)important.7．Ihavenoalternativebutto_report(report)himtothepolice.8．Trytospendyourtimejustonthethingsyoufindworthyofbeing_done_(do)．9．eandlookroundourshopwithoutmitment(mit)tobuysomething.10．Thisreportofferedthemostspecificandaccuratedescription(describe)oftheproblems.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Everyoneiswillingtocontributefoodandclothesforthehomelesspeople.for→to2．Everymeanshavebeentriedtosavetheenvironment.have→has3．Tobepunctual,onehastohaveself-discipline(自律),andthelackforitaffectsothers.for→of4．Anymanwillbeequalforthetask,solongasheiscareful.Youshouldgiveitatry.for→to5．Youareworthyofpraisedforyourwiseandwonderfulwork.of后加being6．Whenshewasforty,shestillkeptagoodfigurebythemeansofexercisingregularlyandstickingtoadiet.去掉the7．ThementionofthetopicremindsmewhatIexperiencedoneyearago.me后加of8．Weshouldtryourbesttocontributetoprotectthetect→protectingⅢ.單句寫(xiě)作(補(bǔ)全句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換)1．我除了接受該項(xiàng)提議之外，別無(wú)選擇。Ihadnoalternativebut_to_accept_the_offer.2．為祖國(guó)做出貢獻(xiàn)是我們的責(zé)任。Itisourdutytomake_contributions_toourmotherland.3．做完所有的工作后，我們豎起了布告牌提醒人們保護(hù)這些樹(shù)。Aftergettingtheworkdone,weputupaboardto_remind_people_to_protectthetrees.4．懲罰絕不是幫助他們身心成長(zhǎng)的明智選擇。By_no_means_is_punishmentawisechoicetoassistthemtogrowupmentallyandphysically.5．Thereferencebookisworthbuying,becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy.①Thereferencebookisworthytobebought,_becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy.②Thereferencebookisworthyofbeing_bought,_becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy.③Itisworthwhilebuying/tobuythereferencebook,becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy.6．Noonematcheshimincourage,aboutwhicheveryoneknows.①Nooneequalshimincourage,aboutwhicheveryoneknows.②Nooneisequaltohimincourage,aboutwhicheveryoneknows.[第二板塊短語(yǔ)、句式突破]1．referto談及，提到；與……相關(guān)，涉及；查閱，參考；把……稱(chēng)作……；指的是[教材原句]IampleasedtohavethischancetodaytotalktoyouabouttheUnitedNations,ortheUN,asitismoreoftenreferredto.我很高興今天有機(jī)會(huì)跟大家談?wù)劼?lián)合國(guó)，聯(lián)合國(guó)也叫UN——這個(gè)名稱(chēng)更常用。[一詞多義]寫(xiě)出句中referto的含義①WhenIstudyEnglish,IliketoputmydictionarywithinmyreachsothatIcanrefertoitwhennecessary.查閱，參考②JiminsistedthatthebookMrBlackreferredtowasworthreading.提到③Thenewlawdoesnotrefertolandusedforfarming.涉及④Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto？指的是(1)referto...as...把……稱(chēng)作……refer...to...把……提交給……(2)referencen.談到，提及；參考，查閱in/withreferenceto關(guān)于⑤Thescientistreferred_tothediscoveryasthemostexcitingnewdevelopmentinthisfield.這位科學(xué)家把這一發(fā)現(xiàn)稱(chēng)作是這個(gè)領(lǐng)域中最令人興奮的新發(fā)展。⑥Wewerepletelyinthedarkin/with_reference_tohisfutureplans.我們?nèi)徊恢奈磥?lái)計(jì)劃。[一言辨析]referto,lookupDon'talwaysrefertothedictionarywheningacrossnewwords.Onlyifawordisveryimportantcanyoulookitupinyourdictionary.當(dāng)遇到生單詞時(shí)不要總是查詞典，只有當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞非常重要時(shí)，你才可以在詞典中查一下。[名師點(diǎn)津]lookup表示“參考，查閱”時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)多為word,information等；而referto表示“參考，查閱”時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)多為book,dictionary等。2．makeadifference有作用(關(guān)系、影響)[教材原句]IknowIcan'tchangethewholeworld,butI'mproudthatIcanhelphereandthere,andmakeadifferencetopeople'slives.我知道我無(wú)法改變整個(gè)世界，但我很自豪，因?yàn)槲夷芴幪幗o人們提供幫助，改變他們的生活。makeno/littledifferenceto對(duì)……沒(méi)有影響/作用makesome/muchdifferenceto對(duì)……有些/很大影響/作用tellthedifferencebetweenAandB辨別A和B①I(mǎi)t'swhatyoudotodaythatwillmake_a_differenceinyourlifetomorrow.你今天的所作所為對(duì)你的明天有影響。②Whatyouhavesaidwillmake_no_difference_tothenaughtyboy.你所說(shuō)的不會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)淘氣的孩子起什么作用的。③Thetwinsaresoalike;it'sdifficulttotell_the_difference.這對(duì)雙胞胎長(zhǎng)得太像了，很難分辨出來(lái)。3．breakdown出故障，拋錨；(身體、精神)垮掉，崩潰；(談判、計(jì)劃等)失敗，破裂；(化學(xué))分解；坍塌[教材原句]However,ifthepumpbreaksdown,repairingitcanbetroublesome,asanengineerhastoefromthenearesttowntorepairit.然而，如果水泵壞了，修理它可能會(huì)很麻煩，因?yàn)楣こ處煹脧淖罱逆?zhèn)上趕來(lái)維修它。[一詞多義]寫(xiě)出句中breakdown的含義①Alargenumberofbuildingsbrokedownintheearthquake.坍塌②Let'sbreakdowntheprojectintosmallerpartsinordertodealwiththemonebyone.分解③Old-fashionedphonesmatterwhenwirelessnetworksbreakdownindisasters.出故障④Youwillbreakdownifyoutakeonmoreworkthanyoucan.身體垮掉⑤Newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountrieshavebrokendownwithnoagreementreached.失敗，破裂breakin破門(mén)而入；打斷(談話(huà)等)breakinto強(qiáng)行闖入；突然……起來(lái)breakout(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)等)爆發(fā)；發(fā)生(無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))breakup破裂，分手，結(jié)束breakthrough突破breakawayfrom脫離；掙脫⑥Wearrivedatworkinthemorningandfoundthatsomebodyhadbroken_intotheofficeduringthenight.我們?cè)谠绯康竭_(dá)工作地點(diǎn)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人在(前一天)晚上闖進(jìn)了辦公室。⑦Afterafirebroke_outinthelab,alotofequipmentwasdamaged.實(shí)驗(yàn)室發(fā)生火災(zāi)后，很多設(shè)備都被毀了。⑧Hebroke_upwithhisgirlfriendanddatedthisgirlforawhile,buttheydidn'tlast.他和女朋友分手了，和這個(gè)女孩約會(huì)了一段時(shí)間，但是也沒(méi)有持久。4．This_land_was_difficult_to_farmbutnowwaterhasbeenpumpedintothefields.這塊地過(guò)去難以耕種，但現(xiàn)在水已經(jīng)被抽進(jìn)了地里。thislandwasdifficulttofarm是“主語(yǔ)＋be＋adj.＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。使用此結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)注意：(1)常用形容詞有：difficult,hard,easy,fortable,pleasant,interesting,exciting等。(2)不定式和句子的主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；若不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后必須要加相應(yīng)的介詞。①Sendingmessagestotakepartintheprogrammeisdifficultfortheoldto_do(do)．對(duì)老人來(lái)說(shuō)，發(fā)短信參與節(jié)目很難。②Thestoryisveryinterestingforthestudentsto_read(read)．這篇故事對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)讀起來(lái)很有趣。③Althoughtheladylookselegant,actuallysheishardto_get_along_with.盡管這位女士看上去很優(yōu)雅，但實(shí)際上卻很難與之相處。5．If_onlythereweremorepeopledonatingmoneytocharities!但愿有更多的人捐款給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)！本句中ifonly...引導(dǎo)的是一種含虛擬語(yǔ)氣的感嘆句，意為“如果……就好了”，它還可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件句。ifonly句式中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的三種情況(1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望時(shí)使用ifonlysb.did/were...(2)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望時(shí)使用ifonlysb.haddonesth...(3)表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的愿望時(shí)使用ifonlysb.would/coulddo...①I(mǎi)fonlyshewould_listen(listen)tomecarefullyatthemeetingtomorrow.但愿在明天的會(huì)上她能仔細(xì)聽(tīng)我講話(huà)。②IfonlyIwere(be)slimmer,morebeautiful,richer,moreclever,thenIwouldbehappier.假如我更苗條一些、更漂亮一些、更富有一些、更聰明一些，那我就會(huì)更加幸福了。③It'stoobadthatIfailedinthemathexam.IfonlyIhad_worked(work)hardatit!我數(shù)學(xué)考試不及格真是太糟糕了，要是我之前努力學(xué)習(xí)它就好了。[名師點(diǎn)津]onlyif表示“只有……”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。onlyif本身不是一個(gè)固定詞組，only是副詞，用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)if從句。若其引導(dǎo)的從句置于句首，且與主句之間沒(méi)有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，則主句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。④Inaword,onlyifyoulearnEnglishbyusingitcan_you_learnitwell.總之，只有通過(guò)使用英語(yǔ)的方法學(xué)英語(yǔ)，你才能學(xué)好它。[短語(yǔ)、句式過(guò)關(guān)練]Ⅰ.選詞填空referto，inaddition，undertheumbrellaof，breakdown，inchaos，getholdof，thinkbackto，makeadifference1．Think_back_toatimeinyourlifewhenyoutriedsomethingnew.2．Itisn'twhatyouhavedonebutwhatyouwilldothatmakes_a_difference.3．DoyouknowwhereIcanget_hold_ofasecond-handcarpetcleaner?4．Primaryeducationesunder_the_umbrella_oflocalgovernment.5．Powerrefers_totheamountofcontrolapersonhasoverotherpeople.6．Thehouseisn'tbigenoughforus,andin_addition,_it'stoofarfromthetown.7．Ifthecarshouldbreak_downontheway,youwouldhavetowalkback.8．Hisstudyisin_chaos;_ittakesalongtimetoputhispapersinorder.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．WhenDianafell,shehurtherarmand,inadditionto,brokeherglasses.去掉to2．NomatterhowwellyouknowParis,itiseasytogettinglost.getting→get3．IfonlyIwasamillionaire,Iwouldcontributeapartofmoneytochildreninsomeremotemountainousareas.was→were4．IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmemypromise.me后加of5．Whichisknowntoall,themoreyoupay,themoreyou'llget.Which→AsⅢ.補(bǔ)全句子1．提醒讀者注意目錄是必要的。Itisnecessarytodraw_readers'_attention_tothecatalogue.2．我上次信中談到的那位老師到國(guó)外去了。The_teacher_referred_toinmylastletterhasgoneabroad.3．他得到一份列車(chē)運(yùn)行時(shí)刻表，查閱了所有去倫敦車(chē)次的時(shí)間。Hegot_hold_ofarailwaytimetableandlookedupallthetrainstoLondon.4．我要是在上周的英語(yǔ)演講比賽中再自信些該有多好！If_only_I_had_hadmoreconfidenceintheEnglishspeechcontestheldlastweek!5．這把椅子看上去很硬，但坐起來(lái)很舒服。Thearmchairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisveryfortable_to_sit_on.6．我真希望我沒(méi)有浪費(fèi)那本該用來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間。IwouldratherI_hadn't_wastedthetimewhichshouldhavebeenspentinstudying.eq\a\vs4\al([課堂雙線(xiàn)提能]課堂一刻鐘演練，實(shí)現(xiàn)教材與高考的對(duì)接)提能一用課文詞匯寫(xiě)高分作文poverty，lack，starvation，getholdof，charity，contribute，voluntary，makeadifference，bynomeans，worth1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(“黑體”部分選用上面方框中的單詞或短語(yǔ))①全世界有13多億人生活在貧困之中。Morethan1.3billionpeoplearoundtheworldlive_in_poverty.②他們的居住環(huán)境混亂不堪，而且他們食品不足，教育匱乏。Thesurroundingstheyliveinareinchaosandthey_lack_food_and_education.③有些地方，他們很難得到自來(lái)水。很多人都處于饑餓的狀態(tài)。Theyhavedifficultyingettingrunningwaterinsomeplaces.Many_people_are_inastate_of_starvation.④他們得不到足夠的資金來(lái)創(chuàng)辦自己的企業(yè)。Theycan'tget_hold_of_enough_fundstostarttheirownbusinesses.⑤許多慈善組織和個(gè)人注意到了這一情況，他們向那些需要幫助的人捐獻(xiàn)了不少錢(qián)。一些志愿者也為他們做了一些志愿工作。Thissituationdrawstheattentionofmany_charities_and_individuals.Theyhave_contributed_a_lot_of_money_tothoseinneedofhelp.Somevolunteersalsohavedonesome_voluntary_work_for_them.⑥幫助他們振作起來(lái)，他們的行動(dòng)起很大作用。Theiractionsmake_a_difference_in_helping_themcheerup.⑦無(wú)論遇到什么困難，我們決不放棄他們。By_no_meansshallweabandonthemwhatevertroubleweface.⑧這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是值得實(shí)施的。Theprogramisworth_carrying_out.2．升級(jí)平淡句(1)用“sth.＋be＋adj.＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)改寫(xiě)句③Running_water_is_difficult_for_them_to_get_in_some_places._Many_people_are_in_a_state_of_starvation.(2)用“Itisworthwhile...”結(jié)構(gòu)改寫(xiě)句⑧It_is_worthwhile_carrying/to_carry_out_the_program.3．銜接成語(yǔ)篇(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞匯：what'sworse,inaddition,luckily,asfarasI'mconcerned)Morethan1.3billionpeoplearoundtheworldliveinpoverty.Thesurroundingstheyliveinareinchaosandtheylackfoodandeducation.What'sworse,runningwaterisdifficultforthemtogetinsomeplaces.Manypeopleareinastateofstarvation.Inaddition,theycan'tgetholdofenoughfundstostarttheirownbusinesses.Luckily,thissituationdrawstheattentionofmanycharitiesandindividuals.Theyhavecontributedalotofmoneytothoseinneedofhelp.Somevolunteersalsohavedonesomevoluntaryworkforthem.Theiractionsmakeadifferenceinhelpingthemcheerup.Bynomeansshallweabandonthemwhatevertroubleweface.AsfarasI'mconcerned,itisworthwhilecarrying/tocarryouttheprogram.提能二用課文句型解構(gòu)高考長(zhǎng)難句[本單元突破點(diǎn)——定語(yǔ)從句中包含狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句]經(jīng)典例句比較分析真題嘗試翻譯課文長(zhǎng)難句ItremindedmeofmytimeinSudan,whereseveralDoctorwithoutBordersstaffwereattackedaspeopletriedtogetthefood.該句中where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾Sudan，aspeopletriedtogetthefood是定語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。娜塔利發(fā)布了一個(gè)關(guān)于叫帕特里克的男孩的信息，當(dāng)他的房子被燒毀時(shí)，他丟失了他的棒球收藏卡。真題長(zhǎng)難句N(xiāo)ataliepostedinformationaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectionwhenhishouseburneddown.(2016·北京高考)該句中who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾Patrick，whenhishouseburneddown是定語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。“經(jīng)濟(jì)援助”是“社會(huì)生活”的子話(huà)題。俗話(huà)說(shuō)：“贈(zèng)人玫瑰，手有余香”。這也是中華民族所弘揚(yáng)的傳統(tǒng)美德。在我們身邊經(jīng)常有一些人默默地為弱勢(shì)群體提供經(jīng)濟(jì)支援。他們的這種奉獻(xiàn)、友愛(ài)、互助、進(jìn)步的精神值得我們?nèi)W(xué)習(xí)。在歷年的高考題中，有關(guān)此話(huà)題的題目通常出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解、完形填空或?qū)懽髦?。一、?huà)題與語(yǔ)篇[考題示例](2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)MykidsandIwereheadingintothesupermarketovertheweekend.Ontheway,wespottedamanholdingapieceofpaperthatsaid,“__41__myjob.FamilytoFeed.”Atthisstore,a__42__likethisisnotnormal.My10-year-oldnoticedhimandmadea__43__onhowbaditmustbetohavetostand__44__inthecoldwind.Inthestore,Iaskedeachofmykidsto__45__somethingtheythoughtour“friend”therewould__46__.Theygotapples,asandwichandabottleofjuice.Thenmy17-year-oldsuggestedgivinghima__47__.Ithoughtaboutit.Wewere__48__oncashourselves,but...well,sometimes__49__fromourneedinsteadofourabundanceis__50__whatweneedtodo!Allthekids__51__somethingtheycoulddoawaywithfortheweek.Whenwehandedhimthebagof__52__，helitupandthankeduswith__53__eyes.WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,sayinghecoulduseitfor__54__hisfamilymightneed,heburstintotears.Thishasbeenawonderful__55__forourfamily.Fordaysthekidshavebeenlookingforotherswecan__56__！Thingswouldhaveplayedoutso__57__ifIhadsimplysaid,“No,wereallydon'thave__58__togivemore.”Steppingoutnotonlyhelpedabrotherin__59__，italsogavemykidsthe__60__tasteofhelpingothers.It'llgoalongwaywiththem.41．A.Lost B．ChangedC．Quit D．Finished42．A.condition B．placeC．sight D．show43．A.suggestion B．mentC．decision D．call44．A.outside B．proudlyC．by D．a(chǎn)ngrily45．A.draw B．sayC．a(chǎn)rrange D．pick46．A.order B．supplyC．a(chǎn)ppreciate D．discover47．A.dollar B．jobC．hotmeal D．giftcard48．A.easy B．lowC．soft D．loose49．A.giving B．savingC．spending D．begging50．A.yet B．evenC．still D．just51．A.declared B．sharedC．ignored D．expected52．A.toys B．medicineC．food D．clothes53．A.sleepy B．wateryC．curious D．sharp54．A.whoever B．whateverC．whichever D．whenever55．A.experience B．exampleC．message D．a(chǎn)dventure56．A.relyon B．respectC．learnfrom D．help57．A.suddenly B．vividlyC．differently D．perfectly58．A.time B．powerC．patience D．money59．A.fear B．loveC．need D．memory60．A.strong B．sweetC．strange D．simple[策略指導(dǎo)](一)這樣讀文1．抓首句，明文體，確保讀文方向不跑偏由文章首句“MykidsandI(人物)wereheadingintothesupermarket(地點(diǎn))overtheweekend(時(shí)間)．”可知此文是一篇典型的記敘文。2．抓關(guān)鍵詞(話(huà)題詞、行為動(dòng)詞)，巧串聯(lián)，理順文脈明主旨速讀文章，結(jié)合文中“kids,man,friend,family”等話(huà)題詞匯和“giving,thanked,helping”等關(guān)鍵信息詞可知此文可能是關(guān)于“助人為樂(lè)”的故事。本文的行文脈絡(luò)如下：(二)這樣做題[名師解題]語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者周末帶著幾個(gè)孩子去超市購(gòu)物，在去的路上，他們遇到一個(gè)乞討者，這個(gè)乞討者失去了工作，但還有一家人要養(yǎng)活。孩子們一起行動(dòng)起來(lái)，共同幫助這位乞討者。快來(lái)讀一讀本文，看看他們是如何幫助那位乞討者的吧！41．選A根據(jù)后句“FamilytoFeed.”及下文可知，他丟掉了工作，處于失業(yè)狀態(tài)，需要外界幫助來(lái)養(yǎng)家糊口，因此選擇lost。42．選C根據(jù)句意可知，在這個(gè)商店里，像這樣的情景(sight)是不正常的，所以我十歲的孩子注意到了他。43．選B根據(jù)后面“howbaditmustbe...”可知，這個(gè)十歲的孩子是對(duì)這個(gè)人的行為作出了評(píng)論(ment)。makeamenton“對(duì)……作出評(píng)論”，符合語(yǔ)境。44．選A由“inthecoldwind”可推測(cè)這個(gè)乞討者應(yīng)是站在外面(outside)。45．選D根據(jù)下文“Whenwehandedhimthebagof...”(當(dāng)我們遞給他一包……時(shí))可知，此處說(shuō)的是我要求每個(gè)孩子挑選出(pick)一樣?xùn)|西送給他。46．選C根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，孩子們挑選出那邊的那位“朋友”會(huì)喜歡的禮物，所以選C項(xiàng)(appreciate)。47．選D根據(jù)54題前面的“giftcard”(禮品卡)可知，這里選擇D項(xiàng)(giftcard)。48．選B根據(jù)上句的意思“我(對(duì)送其禮品卡這件事情)考慮了一下”可知，作者考慮到了他們碰到的不太好的情況“我們本身帶的現(xiàn)金不足(lowoncash，即手頭拮據(jù))”。此處low意為“少的，低的”，符合原文語(yǔ)境。49．選A根據(jù)47空前的“giving”以及此處語(yǔ)境可知，此處表達(dá)“把我們需要的，而不是富足的東西給別人，這正是我們需要做的”，所以選擇giving。50．選D用“just(正是，恰是)”能夠體現(xiàn)出作者此處的情感，即：突出強(qiáng)調(diào)“就是需要這樣做”。51．選A根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，孩子們都給那個(gè)人選了禮物，所以他們宣布(declare)這周他們放棄某些東西。“theycoulddoawaywithfortheweek”是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾something,doawaywith為固定搭配，意為“擺脫，舍棄”。52．選C結(jié)合上文“Theygotapples,asandwichandabottleofjuice.”可知孩子們給那個(gè)人的是食物(food)。53．選B根據(jù)后文的“heburstintotears”可知，看到食物，那個(gè)人眼睛濕潤(rùn)(watery)了。54．選B此處表達(dá)“用于買(mǎi)他的家庭可能需要的任何東西”，故whatever符合語(yǔ)境。注意本句是介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少賓語(yǔ)。55．選A根據(jù)全文敘述的這件事情的經(jīng)過(guò)以及后文的“italsogavemykidsthe__60__tasteofhelpingothers”可知，這件事對(duì)作者一家來(lái)說(shuō)也是