單片機(jī)課程設(shè)計(jì)-基于STC89C52RC單片機(jī)的音樂播放器設(shè)計(jì)

.而演奏歌曲(總共九首)。(2)采用共陽七段數(shù)碼管顯示當(dāng)前播放歌曲的序號(hào)。1.要產(chǎn)生音頻脈沖，只要計(jì)算某一音頻的周期，然后將此周期處以2，即為半周期的時(shí)間。利用定時(shí)器記時(shí)這個(gè)個(gè)半周期時(shí)間，每當(dāng)記時(shí)到后就輸出脈沖T5536-N=65536-Fi/2/Fr例如：求低音DO(261HZ)中音DO(523HZ)高音DO(1046HZ)的計(jì)數(shù)值。T5536-N=65536-Fi/2/Fr=65536-1000000/2/Fr=65536-50000/Fr低音DO的T＝65536-50000/262=63267中音DO的T＝65536-50000/523=64580高音DO的T＝65536-50000/1047=65059C列表在后面列出)。硬件原理圖也在后面列出。(1)硬件電路中P1.0口為音頻輸出端口。(2)用P1.1和P1.2分別作為上一首和下一首歌曲的功能鍵，P1.3接一個(gè)(3)用P2.0-P2.7這幾個(gè)管腳來控制七段數(shù)碼管的顯示。C.存儲(chǔ)器(PEROM)和256bytes的隨機(jī)存取數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器(RAM)，器件采用高密主要功能特性兼容MCS51指令系統(tǒng)·8k可反復(fù)擦寫(>1000次)FlashROM32個(gè)雙向I/O口·256x8bit內(nèi)部RAM3個(gè)16位可編程定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器中斷·時(shí)鐘頻率0-24MHz2個(gè)串行中斷·可編程UART串行通道2個(gè)外部中斷源·共6個(gè)中斷源2個(gè)讀寫中斷口線·3級(jí)加密位低功耗空閑和掉電模式·軟件設(shè)置睡眠和喚醒功能外接12MHz晶振。RST(9腳)為復(fù)位輸入端口，外接電阻電容組成的復(fù)位電路。VCC(40腳)和VSS(20腳)為供電端口，分別接+5V電源的正負(fù)端。P0~P3為可編程通用I/O腳，其功能用途由軟件定義，STCC2可以按照常規(guī)方法進(jìn)行編程，也可以在線編程。其將通用的微處理器.(1)外部擴(kuò)充存儲(chǔ)器時(shí)，當(dāng)做數(shù)據(jù)總線(D0-D7)(2)外部擴(kuò)充存儲(chǔ)器時(shí)，當(dāng)做數(shù)據(jù)總線(A0-A7)P能(1)擴(kuò)充外部存儲(chǔ)器時(shí)，當(dāng)做地址總線(A8-A15)使用。(2)做一般I/O使用，其內(nèi)部有上拉電阻。除了作為I/O使用外(內(nèi)部有上拉電阻)，還有一些特殊功能。如下:RXD(串行輸入口)P3.1TXD行輸出口)T0(定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器0)T1(定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器1)WR入控制信號(hào)).的。對(duì)Flash存儲(chǔ)器編程期間，該引腳還用于輸入編程脈沖(PROG)。此PSEN：程序儲(chǔ)存允許(PSEN)輸出是外部程序存儲(chǔ)器的讀選通信號(hào)，當(dāng)HFFFFH)，EA端必須保持低電平(接地)。需注意的是：如果加密位LB1被。器(SFR)地址是重疊的，也就是高128字節(jié)的RAM和特殊功能寄存器的地例如，下面的直接尋址指令訪問特殊功能寄存器0A0H(即P2口)地址MOV0A0H，＃data.的內(nèi)容為0A0H，則訪問數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)地址為0A0H，而不是P2口(0A0H)。MOV＠R0，＃data的標(biāo)XTAL2分別是該放大器的輸入端和輸出端。這個(gè)放大器與作為反饋元件的片陶瓷諧振器一起構(gòu)成自激振蕩器.高低、振蕩器工作的穩(wěn)定性、起振的難易程序及Flash編程:已處于擦除狀態(tài)(即所有存儲(chǔ)單元的內(nèi)容均為FFH)，用戶隨時(shí)可對(duì)其進(jìn)行編程。編程接口可接收高電壓(+12V)或低電壓(Vcc)的允許編程信號(hào)。低LED光二極管發(fā)光，就能顯示從0~9的一系列數(shù)字。同熒光數(shù)碼管(VFD)、輝光管的原理圖共陽數(shù)碼管在應(yīng)用時(shí)應(yīng)將公共極COM接到+5V，當(dāng)某一字段發(fā)光二極管的陰極①靜態(tài)顯示驅(qū)動(dòng)：靜態(tài)驅(qū)動(dòng)也稱直流驅(qū)動(dòng)。靜態(tài)驅(qū)動(dòng)是指每個(gè)數(shù)碼管的每一個(gè)②動(dòng)態(tài)顯示驅(qū)動(dòng)：數(shù)碼管動(dòng)態(tài)顯示接口是單片機(jī)中應(yīng)用最為廣泛的一種顯示方p間為1~2ms，由于人的視覺暫留現(xiàn)象及發(fā)光二極管的余輝效應(yīng)，盡管實(shí)際上各打印機(jī)、復(fù)印機(jī)、報(bào)警器、電子玩具、汽車電子設(shè)備、電話機(jī)、定時(shí)器等電子它主要分為壓電式蜂鳴器和電磁式蜂鳴器兩種類型。壓電式蜂鳴器主要由多諧振蕩器、壓電蜂鳴片、阻抗匹配器及共鳴箱、外殼等組成。有的壓電式蜂鳴器外殼上還裝有發(fā)光二極管。多諧振蕩器由晶體管或集成電路構(gòu)成。當(dāng)接通電源后(1.5~15V直流工作電壓),多諧振蕩器起振,輸出1.5~2.5kHZ的音頻信號(hào)，阻抗匹配器推動(dòng)壓電蜂鳴片發(fā)聲。電磁式蜂鳴器由振蕩器、電磁線圈、磁鐵、振動(dòng)膜片及外殼等組成。接通電源后，振蕩器產(chǎn)生的音頻信號(hào)電流通過電磁線圈，使電磁線圈產(chǎn)生磁場(chǎng)。振動(dòng)膜片在電磁線圈和磁鐵的相互作用下，周期性地振動(dòng)發(fā)聲。蜂鳴器分為有源與無源之分。從外觀上分辨，將兩種蜂鳴器的引腳郡朝上放置時(shí)，可以看出有綠色電路板的一種是無源蜂鳴器，沒有電路板而用黑膠封閉的一種是有源蜂鳴器。進(jìn)一步判斷有源蜂鳴器和無源蜂鳴器，還可以用萬用表電阻檔檔測(cè)試:用黑表筆接蜂鳴器"+"引腳，紅表筆在另一引腳上來回碰觸，如果觸發(fā)出咔、咔聲的且電阻只有8Q(或16Q)的是無源蜂鳴器;如果能發(fā)出持續(xù)聲音的，且電阻在幾百歐以上的，是有源蜂鳴器。.有源蜂鳴器直接接上額定電源就可連續(xù)發(fā)聲，主要用于簡(jiǎn)單的應(yīng)用，如報(bào)警等;而無源蜂鳴器則和電磁揚(yáng)聲器一樣，需要接在音頻輸出電路中才能發(fā)聲。由此可以判定本次設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該用無源蜂鳴器。蜂鳴器驅(qū)動(dòng)方式：一種是PWM輸出口直接驅(qū)動(dòng)，另一種是利用I/O定時(shí)翻轉(zhuǎn)電平產(chǎn)生驅(qū)動(dòng)波形對(duì)蜂鳴器進(jìn)行驅(qū)動(dòng)。PWM輸出口直接驅(qū)動(dòng)是利用PWM輸出口本身可以輸出一定的方波來直接驅(qū)動(dòng)蜂鳴器.本次設(shè)計(jì)用的是第二種方式，即利用I/O定時(shí)翻轉(zhuǎn)電平產(chǎn)生驅(qū)動(dòng)波形對(duì)蜂鳴器進(jìn)行驅(qū)動(dòng)。必須利用定時(shí)器來做定時(shí)，通過定時(shí)翻轉(zhuǎn)電平產(chǎn)生符合蜂鳴器要求的頻率的波形，這個(gè)波形就可以用來驅(qū)動(dòng)蜂鳴器了。比如為2500Hz的蜂鳴器的驅(qū)動(dòng)，可以知道周期為400ps，這樣只需要驅(qū)動(dòng)蜂鳴器的I/O口每200ps翻轉(zhuǎn)一次電平就可以產(chǎn)生一個(gè)頻率為2500Hz，占空比為1/2duty的方波，再通過三極管放大就可以驅(qū)動(dòng)這個(gè)蜂鳴器了。9013是一種NPN型硅小功率的三極管它是非常常見的晶體三極管，在收音機(jī)以及各種放大電路中經(jīng)?？吹剿?，應(yīng)用范圍很廣,它是NPN型小功率三極管。參數(shù)：集電極電流Ic：Max500mA工作溫度：-55℃to+150℃集電極-基極電壓Vcbo：40V主要用途：放大電路它利用雙極型半導(dǎo)體三極管輸入電流控制輸出電流的特性，或場(chǎng)效應(yīng)半導(dǎo)體三極管輸入電壓控制輸出電流的特性，實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)的放大。晶體振蕩器，簡(jiǎn)稱晶振，其作用在于產(chǎn)生原始的時(shí)鐘頻率，這個(gè)頻率經(jīng)過頻率發(fā)生器的倍頻或分頻后就成了電腦中各種不同的總線頻率。晶振分為有源晶振和無源晶振。無源晶振只有兩個(gè)引腳，沒有所謂的正負(fù)極。有源晶振需要接電源才能工作，一般有四個(gè)引腳，其中有兩個(gè)電源輸入引腳，有正負(fù)極之分。本次設(shè)計(jì)中采用了12MHZ的無源晶振來為單片機(jī)提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的時(shí)鐘頻率。diode電流的電子發(fā)光二極管用磷化鎵、磷砷化鎵材料制成，體積小，正向驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)光。工作電壓低，工作電流小，發(fā)光均勻、壽命長、可發(fā)紅、黃、綠單色光。本次設(shè)計(jì)中用紅色發(fā)光二極管來指示電源接通與否。硬件原理圖如下所示：CCC2X1JP1復(fù)位電路如下圖所示：主程序流程圖下一首歌曲流程圖上一首歌曲流程圖數(shù)碼管顯示流程圖上一首歌曲號(hào)數(shù)碼管顯示流程圖下一首歌曲號(hào)數(shù)碼管顯示流程圖.七、音樂播放器C51源程序：通過判斷當(dāng)前播放的歌曲號(hào)，并將其號(hào)碼送往P2口，驅(qū)動(dòng)相應(yīng)的二極管，將號(hào)碼顯示出來。.cludereghPunsignedcharcodedatasong;//指向具體歌的指針signedintdatajsignedchardataisignedchardataksignedchardataldelayvoidunsignedcharcodeyinxFFxFFxFB,0x90,0xFC,0x0C,0xFC,0x44,0xFC,0xAC,0xFD,0x09,xFDxxFDxCxFE,0x06,0xFE,0x22,0xFA,0X15,0XFB,0x04,0xFA,0x67,0Ex蘭花草unsignedcharcodesong6]={0x12,0x52,0x52,0x52,0x56,0x42,xxx0x22,0x18,xxx0x82,0x86,0x72,xBxxx62,0x58,xxx0x72,0x56,0x42,xxx0x22,0x16,0xB2,xBxx0x22,0x16,0x52,xxx,0xC2,0x88,兩只蝴蝶unsignedcharcodesong31]={0x52,0x42,xxx0x52,0x42,xxx0x32,xxx0x42,0x32,0x12,0x12,xCxxx42,xxx0x52,0x42,xxx0x32,xxx0x42,0x32,0x12,0x32,xxx0x42,xxx0x52,0x42,xxx,0x32,.xxx0x42,0x32,0x12,0x11,0x31,xCxxx72,xxx0x82,0x72,xxx0x42,xxx0x42,0x32,0x12,0x12,xxxCxxx0x82,xAxxx82,0x52,0x42,0x42,0x42,xxx0x52,0x72,xxx0x12,0x52,0x42,xxx0x72,xxx0x02,0xA4,0x92,xxx0x02,0x82,0x82,0x92,xxx,0x42,0x02,0xC4,0x12,最浪漫的事unsignedcharcodesong38]={0xC2,0xC2,0x12,xxx0x32,0x12,0x12,0x52,xxxCx12,xxx0x32,0x34,0x52,0x72,Cxxxxx0x72,0x84,0x72,0x41,0x51,xxx0x34,0x02,0x32,0x32,0x12,xxx0x32,0x54,0x42,xxx0x32,0x34,0x52,0x72,Cxxxxx0x72,0x84,0x82,0x72,xxx0x34,0x12,0x12,0x32,xCxxx34,0x12,0x12,xxx0x3C,xxx0x82,0x72,0x52,0x72,xxx0x82,0xA2,xxx0x82,0x72,0x82,0x32,xAxxxA2,xxx0x42,0x52,xxx0x82,0x82,0x72,0x82,xxAxx82,0x82,0xA2,0x82,0x72,xxx,0x82,0x72,xxx,0xA3,0x51,xxx,0x3C,一生有你unsignedcharcodesong7]={0xC2,0xC2,0x34,0x42,0x42,xxx0x5C,xxCxCx4,0x42,0x42,xxx0x4C,xxCxCx4,0x42,0x42,xxx0x58,0x32,0x52,Cxxxxx0x48,xxCxCx4,0x42,0x42,xxx0x5C,xxCxCx2,0x32,0x42,0x42,xxCxxCxCx4,0x42,0x42,xxx0x58,0x32,0x52,xCxxxxxC寧靜的夏天unsignedcharcodesong[]={XXCX0X32,0X34,XXX,0X52,0X42,0X32,0X34,XCXCXXC2,0X12,0X32,0X34,XXX,0X12,0XC2,XXX,0X52,0X42,XXX0X11,0XC1,0XC4,0XC1,0XC1,0XC1,0XC1,XXX,0X12,0X42,0X42,0X44,XCXX0X42,0X52,0X72,0X72,0X82,XXX,0X48,0X42,0X12,XCXXXCXXXCXXxxx0x51,0x61,0x71,0x81,0x91,0x61,0x71,0x81,0x91,XXCXCX42,0XC2,0XC4,XXX,0X52,0XC2,0XC4,XDXCXX22,0X38,XXX,0X42,0X48,老鼠愛大米u(yù)nsignedcharcodesong[]={xxx,xxx,0x31,0x41,0x44,0x31,0x41,xxx,0x32,0x34,0x71,0x11,xxx,0x11,0x31,0x34,0x32,xxx0x31,0x41,0x44,0x32,0x41,0x51,xxx0x81,0x41,0x44,0x52,0x41,0x31,xxx,0x51,0x71,0x74,0x71,0x71,xxx0x31,0x52,0x42,0x32,0x32,0x41,0x31,xxx,0x71,xxx0x72,0x71,0x81,0x84,0x52,0x42,xxx,0x41,0x51,0x54,0x51,0x71,xxx0x81,0xA1,0xA2,0x82,0x72,0x52,xxx,0x12,0x44,0x51,0x71,xxx,0x82,0x71,0x84,0x52,0x42,xxx,0x41,0x51,0x54,0x51,0x71,xxx0x81,0xA1,0xA2,0x82,0x72,0x51,0x41,xxx,0x32,0x51,0x61,xxx,0x52,0x41,0x31,xxx,0x31,0x34,0x52,0x42,xxx,0x81,0x71,0x74,0x51,0x71,xxx0x72,0x81,0x71,0x74,0x51,0x41,0x31,xxx0x42,0x31,0x41,0x44,0x52,0x41,0x31,xxx,0x31,0x34,0x52,0x42,xxx,0x81,0x71,0x74,0x51,0x41,xxxAx71,0x81,0x72,0x71,0x51,0x41,0x31,xxx,0x41,0x51,0x44,0x52,0x52,xxx,0x52,0x41,0x31,xxx,unsignedcharcodesong[85]={xxx,0xC4,xxx,xxx,0x34,xxxB0xC8,xxxC0x16,0x12,xxx,0x12,xxBxDxC4,xxxCxxx,0x16,0xC2,xxx,xCxxxxx,0x52,xxx,0x52,xxx,0x12,xxx,0xC4,xxx,xxx,0x34,xxxB0xC8,xxx,0xC4,xxx,0x42,0x42,xxx,首祈禱unsignedcharcodesong7]={0xC4,0x12,0x32,0x44,0x42,0x52,xxx0x32,0x12,0x14,xxx0x42,0x54,0x44,xCxxx44,0x42,0x72,xxx0x34,xxx,0x34,0x32,0x12,偏喜歡你unsignedcharcodesong[]={XXX,0X32,0X11,0XC1,0XB2,XCXXCX12,0XC2,XXAX0X72,0X51,0X41,0X32,XCXXXXX,0X82,0X72,XXX,0X32,0X42,XXCX0X52,0X42,0X42,XCXBXXX,0X32,0X11,0XC1,0XB2,XCXXCX12,0XC2,XXAX0X72,0X51,0X41,0X32,XCXXXXX,0X82,0X72,XXX,0X32,0X42,XXCX0X52,0X41,0X51,0X12,XCXBXXCX0X52,0X42,0X42,XCXXXXX,0X42,0X32,xxx,0x02,0x52,XXX,0X72,0X82,XCXXXXX,0X42,0X32,XXX,XXX,0X52,0X46,0X32,CXXBXXX,0X32,0X11,0XC1,0XB2,XCXXCX12,0XC2,XXAX0X72,0X51,0X41,0X32,XXX,0X52,0X62,XXX,0X82,0X72,XXX,0X32,0X22,XXCX0X52,0X42,0X42,XCXX0X04,0X04,ddelayform000;m>0;m--)fornnn--);}idlast{seifseifseifseifseifseifseifseif}}ext{{fsongsongfsongsongfsongsongfsongsongseifseifseifseif}}ain{ODxIE0x82;songsong2;P=0x19;while1){EAETOwhile*(song+j)!=0xFF)akakwhilee==0);}ksongjxF;THyinl;TLyinl];songsongj放ifyinlxffyinlxff//如果取到的都是休止{TRSPK;}ii{}}}}*/voidtimer0()interrupt1using1{THyinl;TLyinl];PK}elayvoid{unsignedintc,d;forc50;c>0;c--)forddd--);}頻率(Hz)簡(jiǎn)譜碼(T值)音符頻率(Hz)簡(jiǎn)譜碼(T值)節(jié)拍碼節(jié)拍數(shù)節(jié)拍碼節(jié)拍數(shù)11/4拍122/4拍233/4拍341拍45682拍81拍A2又1/2拍AC3拍CF又3/4拍.250毫秒125毫秒DELAY:MOVR7,#02D2:MOVR4,#187//別的延遲值，只需修改這兒