高考英語全程一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit3Conservation學(xué)生用書北師大版選擇性

UNIT3CONSERVATION【基礎(chǔ)回顧】?核心詞匯——寫其形1．________________adj.緊急的，急迫的2．________________adv.非常地，極端地3．________________adj.滅絕的，絕種的4．________________vi.&vt.獵取，獵殺5．________________adv.非法地，違法地6．________________vi.&vt.轉(zhuǎn)換，改變7．________________n.威脅；(災(zāi)難等壞事)發(fā)生的可能8．________________vi.&vt.再利用，回收利用9．________________n.一項，一條10．________________vt.破壞；毀掉11．________________adj.塑料制的12．________________n.保護(hù)?閱讀詞匯——知其意1．cutleryn.________________2．swallowvi.&vt.________________3．innovativeadj.________________4．coconutn.________________5．solaradj.________________6．packagingn.________________7．chopsticksn.________________8．cartonn.________________9．counciln.________________10．hatchvi.&vt.________________11．packetn.________________?拓展詞匯——通其變1.conservev.保護(hù)→________n.保護(hù)2．increasev.增加→________vi.&vt.減少n.減少；減少的量3．opposevt.反對→________adj.對面的；另一邊的；相反的n.對立面；對立的人/物→________n.反對者；對手，敵手4．collectv.收集；收藏→________n.收集；收藏品；專輯5．consumev.消費(fèi)→________n.消費(fèi)者→________n．消費(fèi)6．instancen.例子，實例→________(adj.立即的)→________adv.立刻，馬上7．destroyvt.破壞，毀壞→________n.破壞，毀壞8．storev.貯存→________vt.(使)恢復(fù)9．chemistryn.化學(xué)→________n.化學(xué)品adj.化學(xué)的10．dangern.危險→________adj.危險的→________vt.使遭危險；危害；危及→________adj.瀕危的?高頻短語——記得牢1．________________起某種作用2．________________徹底毀滅3．________________開始做某事，著手進(jìn)行4．________________與……有關(guān)聯(lián)5．________________盡自己的職責(zé)6．________________把……歸咎于7．trafficjam________________8．forinstance________________9．dieout________________10．beatrisk________________11．stressedout________________12．sumup________________?典型句式——懂其用1．it作形式主語替代that引導(dǎo)的主語從句________________________________humanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth,includinganimalsandplants.顯然，人類活動對地球上所有其他物種產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響，包括動物和植物。2．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)各類狀語從句Trafficisoneofthemajorcausesofglobalwarmingandclimatechange,________________________________________．交通是全球變暖和氣候變化的主要原因之一，因為汽車發(fā)動機(jī)會產(chǎn)生各類溫室氣體。3．while引導(dǎo)并列句，表對比Upto90peoplecantravelinonebus,________________________________________willneedatleast18cars.一輛公共汽車最多可以乘坐90人，而乘坐小汽車這些人至少需要18輛車。【核心考點】?第一版塊|重點單詞1．threatn．[C]構(gòu)成威脅的人，形成威脅的事物；(災(zāi)難等壞事)發(fā)生的可能；[C，U]威脅，恐嚇poseathreatto...對……構(gòu)成威脅underthreat受到威脅threatvt.威脅到，危及；威脅，恐嚇threatenedadj.受到威脅的threateningadj.帶有威脅的◎單句語法填空①Wildlifehasbeengreatly________(threat)inthemodernage.②FloatingicearoundIcelandwasbecomingathreat________navigation.③Someculturesseedirecteyecontactasimpoliteor________(threaten)behavior,whileAmericansseeitasasignofhonesty.④Batsare________threatinmanyareasoftheworld.Thenumberofthemhasgonedowntosuchalevelthattheremainingmembersmaynotbeenoughtokeepthespecies.2．switchvt.&vi.(使)改變；vt.交換，轉(zhuǎn)換，對調(diào)n．[C](電路的)開關(guān)，閘，轉(zhuǎn)換器；改變，轉(zhuǎn)變switch(fromA)toB(由A)轉(zhuǎn)變成Bswitchoff/on關(guān)/開(電燈、機(jī)器等)switchoff不再關(guān)注，不再理睬switchover換臺，換頻道alightswitch電燈開關(guān)apolicyswitch政策的轉(zhuǎn)變◎單句語法填空①Afterdinner,weoftenswitch________theTVtowatchthenews,thenswitch__________footballgames.At10o'clockweswitch________theTVandgotobed.②Notonlyisbikinggoodexercise,butswitching________acartoabikealsoreducestheamountofpollutionintheair.◎翻譯句子③我媽媽讓我在離開房間前記得關(guān)燈。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．urgentadj.緊急的，緊迫的，迫切的Itisurgentthat...急需……(從句謂語用“should＋動詞原形”，should可省略)urgesb.todosth.敦促/力勸某人做某事urgethat...主張……(從句謂語用“should＋動詞原形”，should可省略)◎單句語法填空①Researchershavefoundthatredcanbringasenseof________(urge)intoourminds.②Itisurgentthatwe________(carry)outthealternativeplan.③Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildren________(take)advantageoftheopportunitytojoinsportsteams.4.huntvi.&vt.打獵；獵殺；搜尋；搜索；追蹤；追捕n．搜尋；尋找；打獵huntforsth.搜尋某物huntforsb./sth.搜尋/尋找某人/某物huntern.[C]獵人；搜集某種東西的人◎單句語法填空①Thekidswere________(hunt)forshellsonthebeachwhileIwasreadinganewspaper.②Thefoxranawaybeforethe________(hunt)shotit.③Johnsetoutthatday________(hunt)forwork.④Policehavelaunchedanationwidehunt________thekiller.5．massadj.大批的，數(shù)量極多的，廣泛的。僅用于名詞前。n．[C]堆，團(tuán)，塊；[C，usuallysing.]大量，許多；[pl.]大量的東西n．[U](物理學(xué)中的)質(zhì)量themasses[pl.]群眾massproduction批量生產(chǎn)amassof一堆……；大量的……massesof成堆的……；大量的……alandmass陸塊，地塊◎判斷下列句子中mass的詞性及含義①ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmasses②Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint,cook,andservefoodsonamass③Pluto(冥王星)andTriton(海王衛(wèi)一)havenearlythesamesize,mass,anddensity(密度).____________④Thegovernmentcaresmuchabouttheinterestsandwell-beingofthemasses.____________◎單句語法填空⑤Amassofwork________(do)topreventtheriverfrombeingpolluteduptonow.⑥Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetook________(mass)ofpicturesofthem.6．decreasen．[C，U]減少，降低vi.&vt.(使大小、數(shù)量等)減少，減小，降低adecreasein...在……方面減少onthedecrease在減少decreaseby...減少了……(表示減少的量)decrease(from...)to...(從……)減少到……(表示減少后的量)decreasein...在……方面減少◎單句語法填空①InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreases________bearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.②Theaccidentshavedecreased________20%sincethemeasuresweretaken.③Thecrimerateinthisareahasdecreased________thelowestlevelnowadays.④TeaisstillalargepartofdailylifeintheUKtoday,butitseemstobe________thedecrease.⑤Foodpricesincreased________10%inlessthanayear.7．blamevt.責(zé)怪，指責(zé)，把……歸咎于n．[U]責(zé)任，責(zé)備blame...for(doing)sth.因(做)某事責(zé)備……blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事歸咎于某人/某事betoblamefor(doing)sth.因(做)某事應(yīng)受責(zé)備；對(做)某事負(fù)有責(zé)任(不定式用主動形式表示被動意義)take/beartheblameforsth.承擔(dān)某事的責(zé)任lay/puttheblame(forsth.)on...把(某事的)責(zé)任歸咎于……◎單句語法填空①Somepeopleblamethesmartphone________thetragedy,yetinfactpeople'sweakeningself-controlandself-disciplineare________(blame).②Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblame________thealarmclock.◎翻譯句子③不要總是把自己的失敗歸咎于他人。你自己應(yīng)該對其負(fù)責(zé)。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________④科學(xué)家認(rèn)為該疾病的暴發(fā)應(yīng)歸咎于被污染的水。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．variedadj.各種各樣的，形形色色的varyv.存在不同之處；使多樣化varyfrom...to...在……到……的范圍內(nèi)變化variousadj.各種各樣的varietyn.品種；種類；多樣化；變種avarietyofsth.各種各樣的某事/物◎單句語法填空①Thequalityoftheirproductsnever________(vary);itisalwaysexcellent.②Theseopinionschangewithtime,andvary________placetoplace.③Thesupermarketoffers________(vary)goodstochoosefrom,somoreandmorepeopleprefertoshopthere.◎翻譯句子④人們對這部新劇發(fā)表了各種各樣的意見。(varied)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑤大學(xué)所學(xué)的課程往往與當(dāng)今工作所需要的各種知識和技能不相匹配。(varied)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9．quantityn．[C，U]數(shù)量，數(shù)額，數(shù)目；大量；[U]量◎單句語法填空①Inthepicturewecanseethatthere________quantitiesofapplesinthebasketandthere________alargequantityofmilkinthebucket.(be)◎完成句子②若是你大量訂購的話，我認(rèn)為有可能會打折。Ifyouorderit________________________，Ithinkadiscountwillbepossible.10．a(chǎn)wareadj.意識到的，明白的(1)be/becomeawareof...(＝beconsciousof..)知道……；察覺到……；意識到……beawarethat...知道……；察覺到……makesb.awareof/that...使某人知道……(2)unawareadj.不知道的；未意識到的；未察覺到的be/becomeunawareof...不知道……；未意識到……beunawarethat...不知道……；未察覺到……(3)awarenessn.意識；認(rèn)識raise/increaseawarenessof...提高對……的意識◎單句語法填空①Hedidn'trealisehewasindangerandwas________(aware)ofwhatwasgoingonaroundhim.②Theprogrammeisaimedatraisingpublic________(aware)ofthedangerofdrugabuse.③Thoughfullyaware________hisdilemma,MarycontinuedherrelationwithClancy.④Haveyoubeenaware________underthetreeareascholarandtwoassistants.11.collectionn．收集；收藏品；專輯collectorn．收藏家；收集者；收票員(1)acollectionof...一批……(2)collectv.聚集；收集；搜集；收藏；領(lǐng)取；領(lǐng)走；征收；募集collectone'sthoughts使集中思想(3)collectiveadj.集體的；共有的◎單句語法填空①We________(collect)forthefloodvictimsnow.②Hebecameaticket________(collect)atWaterlooStationaftergraduation.③Hemadearrangementsforthe________(collect)ofhisbaggagefromtheairport.④Therewasacollection________dustinthecorner.⑤Thecountry'spoliticiansaregivinga________(collect)sighofrelief.12．a(chǎn)nxiousadj.焦慮的，不安的beanxiousaboutsth./forsb.為某事/某人擔(dān)心beanxioustodosth.渴望做某事beanxiousforsth.渴望得到某物beanxiousforsb.todosth.渴望某人做某事◎單句語法填空①Parentsareanxious________ourhealthandsafety.②Thereisgrowingpublic________(anxious)overlevelsofairpollutioninourcities.③Hecausedhisparentsgreat________(anxious)bycomingbackhomelate.④Itwasaclosematchandshewatched________(anxious)atthescreen.⑤We'reanxious________(hear)fromanyonewhocanhelp.⑥Iamanxious________hertodoaslittleaspossible.13．stickvt.(stuck,stuck);n．棒，棍(1)stickvt.粘貼；刺，插；放置；伸出sticksth.onsth.把一物貼在另一物上sticksth.insth.把一物刺入/插入/放進(jìn)另一物里(2)stuckadj.卡住的，陷住的，無法移動的。常與in連用eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(（be）stuck（in...）,（get）stuck（in...）))陷(入)；困(于)◎完成句子①她在信封上貼了一張郵票。She________astampontheletter.②護(hù)士把針扎進(jìn)他的胳膊里。Thenurse________(stick)aneedleinhisarm.③她把書放入抽屜里。She________(stick)herbookinthedrawer.④他把頭伸出公交車窗外。He________hisheadoutofthebuswindow.⑤車陷入泥里了。Thecarwas________(stick)inthemud.⑥別走開，我過一會兒需要你幫助。________around.I'llneedyoutohelpmelater.14．a(chǎn)nnoyedadj.生氣的，煩惱的(表示人自身的感受)(1)beannoyedwithsb.生某人的氣beannoyedat/aboutsth.因某事生氣beannoyedtodo/that...……使人惱火(2)annoyvt.使生氣，使惱怒；打擾(3)annoyancen.[U]惱怒，煩惱；[C]使人煩惱的事tosb.'sannoyance讓某人生氣的是(4)annoyingadj.使惱怒的，使生氣的，使煩惱的(表示事或物的性質(zhì))◎單句語法填空①Beingannoyed________otherpeopleeasilyisharmfultoyourhealth.②Shestayedawaketillmidnightbecauseofher________(annoy)sleepingproblem.③Whenevertheyounganimalisfrightenedor________(annoy),italwaysrushestoitsmother.④Toour________(annoy),theairconditionerbrokedownonthehottestnightoftheyear！15.relatevt.把……聯(lián)系起來vi.相聯(lián)系，有關(guān)聯(lián)vt.講述，敘述relate...to...把……和……聯(lián)系起來berelatedto...與……有關(guān)聯(lián)relateto涉及，與……相關(guān)，談到；能夠理解并同情relatesth.(tosb.)(向某人)講述……◎單句語法填空①Notonlyislikabilityrelated________positivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.◎完成句子②他說的那些與我們現(xiàn)在討論的有什么關(guān)系嗎？Howdohisremarks________________？◎一句多譯你應(yīng)該寫下與這個問題有關(guān)的所有信息。③Youshouldwritedownalltheinformation________________theproblem.④Youshouldwritedownalltheinformation________________theproblem.16．involvevt.包含，需要；涉及；使參與involvesb.in(doing)sth.使某人參與(做)某事be/getinvolvedin/with參與；卷入；投入involvementn.參與；卷入；牽連◎用involve的正確形式填空①Itisreportedthattherearemanyhealthproblems________withsmoking.②Thankstoyour________，wesucceedincompletingtheproject.◎翻譯句子③父母應(yīng)當(dāng)參與子女的教育。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________④不要把我牽扯到解決你的問題里。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________17.claimvt.聲稱；主張vt.&vi.(根據(jù)權(quán)利)要求；索要vt.認(rèn)領(lǐng)；對……宣示所有權(quán)n.[C]主張；聲稱；斷言；所有權(quán)；索賠；索要claimtodo/be...聲稱做/是……claimtohavedonesth.聲稱做過某事claim(that)...聲稱……Itis/wasclaimedthat...有人主張……h(huán)aveaclaimonsth.擁有……的所有權(quán)makeaclaimforsth.對……提出要求/索賠◎單句語法填空①Twoyounggirlsclaimed________(see)thefairies.②Thelawyerclaimed________thedefendantwasnotguilty.③It________(claim)thatsomedoctorswereworking80hoursaweek.◎翻譯句子④Thepolicesaidthatifnobodycametoclaimthewatch,youcouldkeepit.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑤Heshouldbeabletoclaimbackhismoney.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________18.memorialadj.紀(jì)念的n．[C]紀(jì)念物；紀(jì)念碑◎單句語法填空①Anactormustbeableto________(memory)hislines.②Hehad________goodmemoryforfaces,andhewassurehehadn'tseenherbefore.③Thechurchwasa________(memory)tothedisastervictims.④Hefoundedthecharity________memoryofhislatewife.?第二版塊|重點短語1．cutdown削減，縮小(尺寸、數(shù)量或數(shù)目)，可作及物短語動詞和不及物短語動詞；(自根基部分)砍倒，為及物短語動詞。cut...down(to...)減少……(至……)cutdownon...減少……cutin插嘴cutout剪下cutup切碎cutoff停止，中斷(供給)cutoff使……與外界隔絕◎用cut的相關(guān)短語完成句子①Thecompanyhas________________thegassupplytemporarilytorepairthedamagedgaspipe.②It'sratherimpoliteto________________whenotherpeoplearetalking.③Evidencesuggeststhattheykeptthefireburningallwinterandusedsharpenedstonetoolsto________________themeat.④Expertsthinktheamountofhomeworkforthestudentsshouldbe________________．2．indanger意為“處于危險中”，其后接of可構(gòu)成indangerof...“處于……的危險中”。dangern.[U]危險indanger處于危險中outofdanger脫離危險dangerousadj.危險的endangervt.使處于險境，危及endangeredadj.瀕危的◎選詞填空：endanger/endangered/dangerous/結(jié)合danger的用法完成句子①Weshoulddowhatwecantosavethose________species,includingtigerswhichareconsidered________becausetheycan________people'slives.②Theoldmanisstill________________.Heisnobetterthanhewasyesterday.③IheardJackhadacaraccidentandwas________________losinghislife,butluckily,heis________________now.3．dieout滅絕，消失dieoff相繼死去diefrom/of死于bedyingforsth.渴望某物，極想要某物bedyingtodosth.渴望做某事diedown(tobecomegraduallylessstrong,loud,noticeable,etc.)逐漸變?nèi)酰饾u平息dieaway(tobecomegraduallyweakerorfainterandfinallydisappear)逐漸減弱，逐漸消失◎用die的相關(guān)短語完成句子①Withmoreandmorebirds______________，somedaysomespecieswill______________.Inaddition,someofthemhave________________environmentalpollution.②Don'tworry.Thestrongwindwill________________soonandwecangoouttohaveabaseballmatchasplanned.③NowI'mthirstyand________________aglassofwater.Ihavewalkedforalongtime.4．a(chǎn)trisk意為“有危險，冒風(fēng)險”attheriskofdoingsth.冒著做某事的風(fēng)險takearisk/risks(todosth.)冒險(做某事)runtherisk(ofsth./ofdoingsth.)冒……的風(fēng)險；冒險(做某事)runrisks冒險riskdoingsth.冒險做某事◎結(jié)合risk的用法完成句子①Hegotwellpreparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn't________________________(冒險失去這次良好的機(jī)會).②Ifyou________________________(冒險不系安全帶),youwillbe________________(處于危險中).③Inspiteofgreatdanger,thesoldierjumpedintotheriverand________________________(冒著生命危險救那個女孩).④Thoughitisfuntoplayonthefrozenriver,________________________(這有危險).5.setout(todosth.)開始做某事，著手進(jìn)行……besetin...以……為背景setabout(doingsth.)開始(做某事)；著手(做某事)setaside留出(時間、錢等)；把……置于一旁setdown寫下；記下；制訂；規(guī)定setoff出發(fā)；引起；觸響(警報等)；使(炸彈等)爆炸setup建立；創(chuàng)立；建起；豎起◎完成句子①她開始打掃屋子。She________________cleaningthehouse.②媽媽每個月都想存點錢。Mothertriesto________________everymonth.③開門會引發(fā)警報。Openingthedoorwill________________thealarm.④他們成功地完成了他們打算做的事。Theysucceededinwhattheyhave________________todo.⑤警察在出城的路上設(shè)置了路障。Thepolice________________roadblocksonroutesoutofthecity.⑥標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由管理機(jī)構(gòu)制定。Thestandardswere________________bythegoverningbody.6.endupendupdoingsth.結(jié)果是做某事(表示伴隨動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)endupin...以……告終/結(jié)局(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)endupwith...以……方式結(jié)束(強(qiáng)調(diào)方式)endupas...最終成為……endup＋adj.以……狀況而告終endin...以……收場/結(jié)束/告終(多指以不好的結(jié)局收場)frombeginningtoend從頭到尾intheend最后；終于attheendof...在……末端/盡頭；在……結(jié)尾bytheendof...到……為止(常與完成時連用)beatanend結(jié)束cometoanend結(jié)束make(both)endsmeet使收支相抵；勉強(qiáng)維持生計put/bringanendtosth.(＝put/bringsth.toanend)結(jié)束某事◎單句語法填空①Atthedinnerweusuallybeginwithsoupandendup________fruit.②Atfirsttheyhatedeachother,buttheyendedup________(become)goodfriends.③Shehasalwayswantedtobeawriterbutendedup________ateacher.◎完成句子④Hertriedvariousjobsand________________(最后)becameamusician.⑤Everyonewishesthatthewarwould________________(結(jié)束)soon.⑥Thefinaldecisionofthethreeimportantleadersofthecountry________________(結(jié)束)thewar.⑦Iwasworriedshewouldwalkoutor________theinterview________________(使……結(jié)束).⑧Wedon'tneedtodoextraworkthisevening.Theday'sworkisalmost________________(結(jié)束)now.⑨________________(到……為止)theholidayIhadspentallmymoney.⑩________________(在……末)the16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.eq\o\ac(○,11)________________(最后),theheadmasterrosetoindicatethattheconversationwas________________(結(jié)束).7.goup(價格、溫度等)上漲，上升；近義詞有rise和increase，反義詞(組)有reduce,decrease,godown；被興建，被建造，主語是事物。goupby...上升了……(表示上升的程度或幅度)goupto...上升到……(表示上升后的結(jié)果)goby(時間)流逝goahead先走；開始做，著手干goinfor愛好；參加考試(或競賽)gothrough仔細(xì)察看；檢查；經(jīng)歷，遭受goover仔細(xì)檢查gointo開始做；(金錢、時間等)用于goagainst反抗；違反；不利于godown(物價等)下跌；(船等)下沉；(日、月)落下◎選出能替換畫線部分的詞語①Across-seabridgeisgoingupnotawayfrommyhometown.(beingbuilt/beingdesigned)________②Itispredictedthatfoodpriceswillcontinuetogoupinthenextfewmonths.(raise/rise)________◎用go的相關(guān)短語完成句子③Tallbuildingsare________alongthenewroadleadingtothedowntownarea.④Ididn't________poetrybefore,butnowI'mbeginningtotakeaninterestinit.⑤Astime________，hefindsitimportanttolearnanotherforeignlanguage.⑥—ThewomanbiologisthadstayedinAfricastudyingwildanimalsfor13yearsbeforeshereturned.—Shemusthave________alot!8．stressedoutadj.因壓力而累垮的(1)understress在壓力之下underthestressof...在……的壓力下lay/place/putstresson/upon...強(qiáng)調(diào)……；給……壓力(2)stresseq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(sth./that...強(qiáng)調(diào)……,theimportanceof強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性))(3)stressfuladj.(指物)壓力重的；緊張的(4)stressedadj.(指人)焦慮不安的；心力交瘁的◎單句語法填空①M(fèi)orestressshouldbeplaced________thecultivationofcreativity.②________thestressofbadweathertheshiphadtoreturn.◎完成句子③Wemust________(強(qiáng)調(diào))onself-reliance.④Worryingoverhisjobandhiswife'shealth________________________(使他處于極大的壓力之下).◎句型轉(zhuǎn)換⑤Ourteacheroftenplacesstressongoodeducation.→Ourteacheroften________________goodeducation.9．opponentof...……的反對者/對手opponentn.[C]對手；反對者theopponentof...……的反對者opponentat/insth.……方面的對方/對手sb.'sopponent某人的對手apoliticalopponent政敵◎完成句子①我們星期六比賽對手很強(qiáng)大。Ouropponents________Saturday'sgameareverypowerful.②強(qiáng)烈反對核武器的人將在會上提出一個新法案。Afierceopponent________nucleararmswillputforwardanewbillattheconference.10.resultin導(dǎo)致resultin...(＝leadto或contributeto...)導(dǎo)致……resultvi.發(fā)生，由……導(dǎo)致resultn.[C，U]結(jié)果，成果resultfrom...由……造成resultin...導(dǎo)致……asaresultof...＝becauseof作為……的結(jié)果；由于……asaresult因此；所以；結(jié)果◎完成句子①他犯了錯誤。因此，他丟了工作。Hemadeonebigmistake.________________，helosthisjob.②由于這場雨，野餐被取消了。________________oftherain,thepicnicwascancelled.③他考試不及格是由于粗心大意。Hisfailureintheexamresulted________hiscarelessness.④他的粗心大意導(dǎo)致了他考試不及格。Hiscarelessnessresulted________hisfailureintheexam.11．turnonsb.突然攻擊某人turnonsb.突然攻擊某人turnonsth.以某事為主要議題turnonsth./doingsth.(＝dependonsth.)依某事物而定turnsb.on使某人激動或興奮(尤指異性方面)turnsth.on扭開(烤箱、收音機(jī)、電燈等)turnout結(jié)果是turnup把聲音調(diào)大；露面，到場turndown把聲音調(diào)小；拒絕turnoff關(guān)掉turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身turnto轉(zhuǎn)向……；求助于turnover把……翻過來waitinturn排隊等候waitone'sturn等待某人的順序It'ssb.'sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事了turntosb.forhelp向某人求援eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(taketurnsatsth.,taketurns（at）doingsth.))輪流做某事◎完成句子①有胡子的男子每每引起她的興趣。She'soften________________bymenwithbeards.②打開煤氣開關(guān)，點燃烤箱。________________thegasandlighttheoven.③是否去郊游依天氣而定。Whethergoingforanoutingornot________________theweather.④由于人類對地球的非善意的行為，大自然已經(jīng)開始懲罰我們了。Asaresultofunkindbehaviourhumanstotheearth,natureisbeginningto____________________________us.⑤今天的講座主題是地球各種類型的污染。Today'slectureisto________________thepollutionofallkindsontheearth.?第三版塊|典型句式1．reason后接定語從句的用法[教材原句]Thereisalonglistofreasonswhysomanyspeciesaredyingout:airandwaterpollution,forestsbeingdestroyed,factoryfarmingandoverfishing.導(dǎo)致這么多物種正在消亡的原因有很多：空氣和水污染、森林被毀、工廠化養(yǎng)殖和過度捕撈。[句式分析]reason作先行詞，后接定語從句時：(1)若關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，要用why或forwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句。(2)若關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語、賓語，要用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句，其中作賓語時關(guān)系詞可省略。There'sareasonwhy/forwhichpeopledon'treadthisstuff:it'snotfunny.人們不讀這種東西是有原因的：它并不逗趣。Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslatewasthathegotuplate.他遲到的原因是他起床晚了。Hegaveusareasonthat/whichsoundedreasonable.他給了我們一個理由，這個理由聽起來合情合理。(關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語)Thereason(which/that)hehasgivensoundsreasonable.他給出的理由聽起來合情合理。(關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，可省略)[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]單句語法填空①Thereason________Iadmirehimis________hispositiveattitudetolifehasagreatinfluenceonme.②Isthisthereason________heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?③Anotherreason________corn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice________(improve)waterquality.2．“without＋名詞”引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句[教材原句]Withoutforests,wewouldhavenoairtobreathe,andwithoutcleanwaterwewouldbeunabletosurvive.沒有森林，我們就不能呼吸空氣；沒有干凈的水，我們將無法生存。[句式分析]虛擬條件句的條件有時不通過條件從句來表示，而是通過介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來，這種虛擬條件句叫作含蓄條件句。含蓄條件句的具體用法如下：(1)含蓄條件的常見表現(xiàn)方式a.將條件隱含在介詞短語中。常見的(短語)介詞有without，butfor等。b.將條件隱含在某些連詞中。常見的此類連詞有or，but，butthat等。c.將條件隱含在某些副詞中。常見的副詞是otherwise。d.將條件隱含在特定的上下文中。(2)謂語的形式would/might/could/should＋動詞原形(與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾吹募僭O(shè))would/might/could/should＋have＋過去分詞(與過去事實相反的假設(shè))Theywouldn'thavereachedtheagreementsoeasilywithoutthatcommonground.沒有共同的立場，他們是不會那么容易達(dá)成協(xié)議的。Butforyourhelp,wecouldn'thavesucceeded.要不是你幫忙，我們不可能成功。Igotupveryearlyyesterdaymorning,orIcouldnothavecaughttheearlybus.昨天早上我起床很早，否則就趕不上早班車了。Iwastoobusyatthattime.Otherwise,Iwouldhavecalledyou.我那時太忙了，否則我就給你打電話了。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]單句語法填空①Withouthissupport,wewouldn't________(be)wherewearenow.②—DoyouhaveBetty'sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise,Iwouldn't________(be)abletoreachheryesterday.[能力提升]完成句子③飛機(jī)晚點一個多小時才起飛，否則我就不會讓你等這么久了。Therewasadelayofoveranhourbeforetheplanetookoff;otherwiseI________(keep)youwaitingforsuchalongtime.3．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句[教材原句]Althoughitisnotunusualforspeciestodieoutnaturally,therateatwhichthisisnowhappeningiscauseforconcern.盡管物種自然滅絕并不罕見，但它目前的發(fā)生速度令人擔(dān)憂。[句式分析](1)引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞不僅可以作動詞的賓語，還可以作介詞的賓語。若將介詞提至關(guān)系代詞之前，便形成了“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)可引導(dǎo)限制性或非限制性定語從句；此結(jié)構(gòu)中的關(guān)系代詞可為which(先行詞指物)，whom(先行詞指人)。(2)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的確定在“介詞＋which(先行詞是物)/whom(先行詞是人)/whose(所有格，既可指人又可指物)”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，介詞的選用有以下三種方式：①根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞或形容詞的搭配確定②根據(jù)與先行詞的搭配確定③根據(jù)主從句的邏輯關(guān)系而定(通常是with/without)Theofficialtowhomweappliedforapermitwasverykind.給我們申請許可證的那位官員非常友好。HaveyoufoundthebookonwhichIspent￡10?你找到那本我花了10英鎊買的書了嗎？HewasthemanbywhomMasteroftheGamewastranslated.他就是翻譯《謀略大師》的那個人。(betranslatedby)ThetwothingsofwhichtheyfeltproudwereJim'sgoldwatchandDella'shair.他們感到驕傲的兩樣?xùn)|西是吉姆的金表和德拉的頭發(fā)。(beproudof)IwillneverforgetthedayonwhichIfirstmethim.我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了第一次見他的那一天。(ontheday)Rosehelpedmealot,withoutwhosehelpIwouldnothavepassedtheexam.羅絲幫助了我很多，沒有她的幫助我不會通過考試。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]單句語法填空①Thefellow,________whomIspokemadenoansweratfirst.②TheWestLake,________whichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.③Inhisroom,Isawabigdesk________whichtherewereallkindsofbooks.④Yesterdaywehadameeting________whichwediscussedmanyproblems.⑤Air,________whichmancouldn'tlive,isreallyimportant.⑥Thisbookhasopenedawindow,________whichwecanseeawonderfulworld.⑦Yesterdaywepaidavisittothehouse________whichLuXunoncelived.⑧Whoisthepersonwith________youshookhandsjustnow?⑨MrLihastwosons,bothof________arecollegestudents.4．it作形式主語[教材原句]ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth,includinganimalsandplants.很明顯，人類活動已經(jīng)對地球上其他所有物種產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響，包括動物和植物。[句式分析]主語從句充當(dāng)主語時，為使句子平衡，常用it作形式主語，將主語從句后置，主語從句可用that，what，who，whether，why等詞引導(dǎo)。常見的此類句式有：(1)It＋be＋名詞＋從句It＋be＋apity/shamethat...遺憾的是……It＋be＋nowonderthat...難怪……It＋be＋nosurprisethat...……不足為奇(2)It＋be＋形容詞＋從句It＋belikelythat...可能……It＋beclear/obviousthat...顯而易見的是……(3)It＋動詞的被動語態(tài)＋從句It＋besaidthat...據(jù)說……It＋bereportedthat...據(jù)報道……It＋bebelievedthat...人們相信……It＋besuggested/ordered/demandedthat...(should)do...建議/命令/要求……(從句要用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語動詞用shoulddo,should可以省略)(4)It＋特殊動詞＋從句Itoccurstosb.that...某人突然想到……Ithappensthat...碰巧的是……Itdoesn'tmatter＋who/why/what...……無所謂/沒關(guān)系Itisapity/shamethatyouhavemissedsuchawonderfullecture.你錯過了這么精彩的演講，真遺憾。Sheishard-working,soitisnosurprisethatshehaswonfirstprize.她學(xué)習(xí)努力，所以她獲得一等獎不足為奇。Itisobviousthatthewaycoffeeisgrownaffectsmanyaspectsoflife.很明顯，咖啡的種植方式影響了生活的很多方面。Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.據(jù)說在25到34歲的人群中大約有20%和父母住在一起，而在1991年這一比例是16%。Itisgenerallybelievedthatabalanceddietisakeytopeople'shealth.人們普遍認(rèn)為均衡的飲食是健康的關(guān)鍵。ItisdemandedbymyviolinteacherthatI(should)practiseplayingtheviolineveryday.我的小提琴老師要求我每天練習(xí)拉琴。Itoccurredtohimthathisfarmhadmuchpotential.他突然想到他的農(nóng)場還是很有潛力的。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]單句語法填空①Itdoesn'tmatter________hesays.②Itisnotclear________willattendtothismatter.③Itdoesn'tinterestme________ornotyousucceed.[能力提升]根據(jù)括號內(nèi)提示，用it作形式主語單句寫作④很顯然，地球是圓的。(obvious)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑤我很榮幸被邀請參加你的生日聚會。(anhonour)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑥許多學(xué)生認(rèn)為英語是一門有趣的學(xué)科。(consider)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑦他在這次墜機(jī)事件中幸免于難真是奇跡。(wonder)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑧人們常常建議生病時要多喝水。(suggest)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑨我們已經(jīng)決定將會議推遲到下周一。(decide)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．It/Thatsoundslike...聽起來好像……[歸納拓展](1)eq