《土木工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)》復(fù)習(xí)題

《土木工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)》一、單項(xiàng)選擇（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

1.Beforedesigningaproject,civilengineersshouldsurveyboththe()andsubsoilfeaturesoftheproposedsite.A.photographyB.geographerC.topographyD.graphy2.Dams,(),watersupplysystems,andotherlargeprojectsordinarilyemployseveralengineerstoworktogether.A.beamB.columnC.brickD.bridge3.Inmodernroadconstructions,powerfulmodernmachinesareemployedtomovemountainsandfillvalleystomakethe()asdirectaspossible.A.routesB.rootsC.surfacesD.lane4.Betweenthebuildings（）aprimaryschool.

A.standB.standsC.tostandD.standing5.Tensilefailureof()concretehappenseasilyandinvolvesprogressivemicro-cracking.A.forcedB.reinforcedC.steelD.unreinforced6.()concreteisusedonlyforfootingsandconcreteslabslaidontheground,andforothermassivestructures.A.forcedB.reinforcedC.steelD.Plain7.Thelawsthat（）howthebuildingsmaybemadearebuildingcodes.

A.tellB.tellsC.toldD.telling

8.Thesteelbarsinconcretetakethe()componentofthebendingmoment.A.shearB.compressiveC.tensileD.draw9.Itisexpensive（）futurecitiesonthesea.

A.buildB.builtC.tobuildD.builds

10.Crackswouldnotonlybeunsightlybutwould()thesteelbarstocorrosionbymoistureandotherchemicalaction.A.adoptB.exposeC.employD.make11.The（）cementsarewidelyusedontheconstructionsite.

A.above-mentionedB.above-mentioning

C.above-mentionD.above-mentions

12.Besidesitsabilitytosustainloads,concreteisalsorequiredtobe().A.capableB.considerableC.durableD.beautiful13.Itisourdutyto（）thespecification.

A.complywithB.completeC.knowD.make14.Concreteis()aporousmaterial.A.natureB.inherentlyC.madeD.not15.Conclusionscanbe()fromtheabovediscussion.A.drawnB.tensileC.towedC.looked二、單詞填空（共10空；每空2分，滿分20分）1.TheRomansboundtheirempiretogetherwithanextensivesystemofroadsradiatinginmanydirectionsfromRome.2.Portlandcementmustpassaseriesofchemicalandphysicaltestsbeforeitcanbeshipped.3.Concreteconsistsofwater,cement,aggregateandsand.（admixture）4.Asimplecontractconsistsofanagreemententeredintobytwoormoreparties.5.Thepresenceofcracksinconcretereducesitsresistancetotheactionofcorrosionofreinforcedbars.6.Concreteisawidelyusedmaterialinnumerouscivilengineeringstructures三、英譯中（短句翻譯，共5句，每句3分，滿分15分）1.Duetotheabilityofconcretetobecastonsiteitallowstobeusedindifferentshapesinstructures.因?yàn)榛炷辆哂鞋F(xiàn)場(chǎng)澆注的性能，所以它被允許用于各種形狀的結(jié)構(gòu)。2.Inadditiontothemaincomponentsofconcretes,admixturesareoftenusedforspecialpurposes.除了混凝土的主要成分之外，混合劑常用于特殊用途。3.Highorlowtemperaturesandhighorlowhumidityinthemselvesdonotcausesignificantdamagetobuildingmaterials,butchangesintemperatureandhumiditydo.高或低的溫度或濕度的高低本身不會(huì)引起建筑材料重大的破壞，但會(huì)受溫度、濕度影響而發(fā)生變化。4.Curingisthetermgiventotheprotectionoftheconcreteduringtheearlystagesofhardening,whenitrequiresadditionalmoistureforthecontinuinghydrationofthecement.養(yǎng)護(hù)是指當(dāng)混凝土在硬化凝結(jié)的初期需要額外的水分不斷進(jìn)行水泥的水化反應(yīng)時(shí)對(duì)其進(jìn)行保護(hù)的過(guò)程。5.Contractorsareusuallyunwillingtoenterintoanyentirecontracts,otherthantheverysmallest,unlessprovisionismadeforinterimpaymentstothemastheworkproceeds.除了非常小的合同之外，承包商通常是不愿意簽訂任何一整套的合同的，除非有條款規(guī)定隨著工程的進(jìn)行，業(yè)主將付給他們相應(yīng)的報(bào)酬。四、中譯英（短句翻譯，共5句，每句3分，滿分15分）1.搞清楚作為一個(gè)成功的土木工程師所要具備的素質(zhì)。U12.鋼和混凝土是當(dāng)前廣泛使用的結(jié)構(gòu)材料。Steelandconcretearewidelyusedstructurematerials.3.人們應(yīng)用的多數(shù)能量來(lái)自于燃燒礦物燃料。U104.建筑物中承受重量和荷載的部分稱之為建筑結(jié)構(gòu)部分。U75.施工進(jìn)度計(jì)劃能組織各方面的力量并引導(dǎo)各個(gè)項(xiàng)目參與者成功完成項(xiàng)目。U9五、英譯中（短文翻譯，共1篇，滿分20分）1.Concreteisacompositematerial.Itconsistsofcoarseaggregateandacontinuousmatrixofmortar,whichitselfcomprisesamixtureofcementpasteandsmalleraggregateparticles.Itsphysicalbehaviorisverycomplex,beinglargelydeterminedbythestructureofthecompositematerial,suchastheratioofwatertocement,theratioofcementtoaggregate,theshapeandsizeofaggregate,andthekindofcementused.Concreteisreinforcedtogiveitextrastrength-withoutsuchreinforcement,manybuildingprojectswouldbeimpossible.Reinforcedconcretecanbeusedformanytypesofstructuresandcomponentsandcanbemadeintoalmostanyshapeorsize.Thematerialisdevelopedbyincorporatingsteelreinforcementbarsorfibersintothetradit