高考英語一輪高考題組訓(xùn)練專題十五邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題

專題十五邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題Passage1(2016北京,D)WhyCollegeIsNotHomeThecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.However,nowtheyarebeinganextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasadecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededtoefrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however,continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.Toprepareforincreasedautonomyandresponsibility,collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandexperimentation.Thisprocessinvolves“tryingon”newwaysofthinkingaboutoneselfbothintellectually(在思維方面)andpersonally.Whileweshouldprovide“safespaces”withincolleges,wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinionsandchallengemajorityviews.Intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefosteredbystrictdebateandquestioning.Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.Becauseacollegemunity(群體)differsfromthefamily,manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging.Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganidentitywithinalargerandplexmunity.Moreover,thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehaviorrunsupagainstanothercharacteristicofyoungadults:theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheirelders.Ifacceptablesocialbehavioristoostrictlydefined(規(guī)定)andcontrolled,theinsensitiveoraggressivebehaviorthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged.Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.Ourgenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalemergency.Whatislackingtodayistheconflictbetweenadolescents’desireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld.Therefore,thereisthedesirefortheirdormstobereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgrowth.Everycollegediscussionaboutmunityvalues,socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandselfregulation,ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandselfdiscovery.1.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?A.Sympathetic. B.Disapproving. C.Supportive. D.Neutral.2.Theunderlinedword“passage”inParagraph2means.

A.change B.choice C.text D.extension3.Accordingtotheauthor,whatroleshouldcollegeplay?A.Todevelopasharedidentityamongstudents.B.Todefineandregulatestudents’socialbehavior.C.Toprovideasafeworldwithouttensionforstudents.D.Tofosterstudents’intellectualandpersonaldevelopment.4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Subpoint(次要點(diǎn))C:ConclusionPassage2(2015北京,D)Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflife,mostlyforthebetter.However,socialchangesthatarebroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes.Anexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollege.Surveys(調(diào)查)onthistopicsuggestthatparentstodaycontinuetobe“very”or“somewhat”overlyprotectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesamesurveysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasignthattoday’sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren’slivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate.However,greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgooftheir“adult”children.Inthecontext(背景)ofthisdiscussion,itseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangeinthecaseofparents’involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.Ifparentsofearliergenerationshadwantedtobeintouchwiththeircollegeagechildrenfrequently,wouldthishavebeenpossible?Probablynot.Ontheotherhand,doesthepossibilityoffrequentmunicationtodaymeanthattheurgetodosowasn’tpresentagenerationago?Manystudiesshowthatolderparents—today’sgrandparents—wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.Furthermore,studiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofmunicationbetweenparentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentsarefinanciallydependentontheirparentsisnothingnew;norarerequestsformoremoneytobesentfromhome.Thisphenomenonisneithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegelife,todayandinthepast.Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredmunication.Thishasmanyimplicationswellbeyondtherolethatparentsseemtoplayinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhohaveleftforcollege.Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangesefromthetechnologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.1.Thesurveysinformusof.

A.thedevelopmentoftechnologyB.thechangesofadultchildren’sbehaviorC.theparents’overprotectionoftheircollegechildrenD.themeansandexpensesofstudents’munication2.Thewriterbelievesthat.

A.parentstodayaremoreprotectivethanthoseinthepastB.thedisadvantagesofnewtechnologyoutweighitsadvantagesC.technologyexplainsgreaterparentalinvolvementwiththeirchildrenD.parents’changedattitudesleadtocollegechildren’sdelayedindependence3.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TechnologyorAttitudeB.DependenceorIndependenceC.FamilyInfluencesorSocialChangesD.CollegeManagementormunicationAdvancement4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Subpoint(次要點(diǎn))C:ConclusionPassage3(2012北京,D)Wilderness“Inwilderness(荒野)isthepreservationoftheworld.”Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection:whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout,thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild,theuntouched;morethananythingelse,theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.Theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong,andthedangerexploitation(開發(fā))bringstosuchlandscapes(景觀)isreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed—therainforests,forexample,storecarboninvastquantities.ToMr.Sauven,these“ecosystemservices”faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation.LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhumanpresence,orindeedmercialandindustrialexploitation.ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarth,andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives,ratherthanmerelystruggleforsurvival.Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved,thereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterials,andsomewildernessescontaintheminabundance.Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide,theargumentgoes,thereisnofurtherreasonnottodoso.Beinguntouchedisnot,initself,acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers.Ilookforwardtoseeingtheseviewstakenfurther,andtotheirbeingchallengedbytheotherparticipants.Onechallengethatsuggestsitselftomeisthatbothcasesneedtotakeonthequestionofspiritualvaluealittlemoredirectly.Andthereisapracticalquestionastowhetherwildernessescanbeexploitedwithoutharm.Thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings,butalsotheguidanceofreason.Whatpositionwildernessshouldenjoyinthepreservationoftheworldobviouslydeservesmuchmoreseriousthinking.1.JohnSauvenholdsthat.

A.manypeoplevaluenaturetoomuchB.exploitationofwildernessesisharmfulC.wildernessesprovidehumanswithnecessitiesD.theurgetodeveloptheecosystemservicesisstrong2.WhatisthemainideaofPara.3?A.Theexploitationisnecessaryforthepoorpeople.B.Wildernessescannotguaranteebetteruseofrawmaterials.C.Usefulservicesofwildernessesarenotthereasonfornoexploitation.D.Allthecharacteristicsconcerningtheexploitationshouldbetreatedequally.3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthisdebate?A.Objective. B.Disapproving.C.Sceptical. D.Optimistic.4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Subpoint(次要點(diǎn))C:ConclusionPassage4(2010北京,A)Goldie’sSecretSheturnedupatthedoorstepofmyhouseinCornwall.NowaycouldIhavesentheraway.Noway,notmeanyway.Maybesomeonehadkickedheroutoftheircarthenightbefore.“We’removinghouse.”“Nospaceforheranymorewiththebabying.”“Weneverreallywantedher,butwhatcouldwehavedone?Shewasapresent.”Peoplefindallsortsofexcusesforabandoningananimal.AndshewasoneofthemostbeautifuldogsIhadeverseen.IcalledherGoldie.IfIhadknownwhatwasgoingtohappenIwouldhavegivenheramorecreativename.Shewassounsettledduringthosefirstfewdays.Shehardlyateanythingandhadsuchanairofsadnessabouther.TherewasnothingIcoulddotomakeherhappy,itseemed.Heavenknowswhathadhappenedtoheratherpreviousowner’s.Buteventuallyattheendofthefirstweekshecalmeddown.Alwaysbymyside,whetherwewereoutononeofourlongwalksorsittingbythefire.That’swhyitwassuchashockwhenshepulledawayfrommeonedaywhenwewereoutforawalk.Wewerealongwayfromhome,whenshestartedbarkingandgettingveryrestless.EventuallyIcouldn’tholdheranylongerandsheracedoffdowntheroadtowardsafarmhouseinthedistanceasfastasshecould.BythetimeIreachedthefarmIwasverytiredandupsetwithGoldie.ButwhenIsawherlicking(舔)thefourpuppies(幼犬)Istartedtofeelsympathytowardsthem.“Wedidn’tknowwhathadhappenedtoher,”saidthewomanatthedoor.“Itookherforawalkoneday,soonafterthepuppieswereborn,andshejustdisappeared.”“Shemusthavetriedtoebacktothemandgotlost,”addedaboyfrombehindher.ImustadmitIdomissGoldie,butI’vegotNuggetnow,andshelooksjustlikehermother.AndI’velearntagoodlesson:nottojudgepeople.1.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutGoldiewhenGoldiecametothehouse?A.Shocked. B.Sympathetic.C.Annoyed. D.Upset.2.Inherfirstfewdaysattheauthor’shouse,Goldie.

A.feltworried B.wasangryC.atealittle D.satbythefire3.Goldierushedofftoafarmhouseonedaybecauseshe.

A.sawherpuppiesB.heardfamiliarbarkingsC.wantedtoleavetheauthorD.foundherwaytoheroldhome4.Thepassageisorganizedinorderof.

A.time B.effectivenessC.importance DplexityPassage5(2009北京,C)HowRoomDesignsAffectOurWorkandFeelingsArchitectshavelonghadthefeelingthattheplacesweliveincanaffectourthoughts,feelingsandbehaviors.Butnowscientistsaregivingthisfeelinganempirical(經(jīng)驗(yàn)的,實(shí)證的)basis.Theyarediscoveringhowtodesignspacesthatpromotecreativity,keeppeoplefocused,andleadtorelaxation.Researchesshowthataspectsofthephysicalenvironmentcaninfluencecreativity.In2007,JoanMeyersLevyattheUniversityofMinnesota,reportedthattheheightofaroom’sceilingaffectshowpeoplethink.Herresearchindicatesthathigherceilingsencouragepeopletothinkmorefreely,whichmayleadthemtomakemoreabstractconnections.Lowceilings,ontheotherhand,mayinspireamoredetailedoutlook.Inadditiontoceilingheight,theviewaffordedbyabuildingmayinfluenceanoccupant’sabilitytoconcentrate.NancyWellsandhercolleaguesatCornellUniversityfoundintheirstudythatkidswhoexperiencedthegreatestincreaseingreennessasaresultofafamilymovemadethemostgainsonastandardtestofattention.Usingnaturetoimprovefocusofattentionoughttopayoffacademically,anditseemsto,accordingtoastudyledbyC.KennethTanner,headoftheSchoolDesign&PlanningLaboratoryattheUniversityofGeorgia.Tannerandhisteamfoundthatstudentsinclassroomswithunblockedviewsofatleast50feetoutsidethewindowhadhigherscoresontestsofvocabulary,languageartsandmathsthandidstudentswhoseclassroomsprimarilyoverlookedroadsandparkinglots.Recentstudyonroomlightingdesignsuggeststhatdim(暗淡的)lighthelpspeopletoloosenup.Ifthatistruegenerally,keepingthelightlowduringdinneroratpartiescouldincreaserelaxation.ResearchersofHarvardMedicalSchoolalsodiscoveredthatfurniturewithroundededgescouldhelpvisitorsrelax.Sofarscientistshavefocusedmainlyonpublicbuildings.“Wehaveaverylimitednumberofstudies,sowe’realmostlookingattheproblemthroughastraw(吸管),”architectDavidAllisonsays.“Howdoyoutakeanswerstoveryspecificquestionsandmakebroad,generalizeduseofthem?That’swhatwe’reallstrugglingwith.”

1.WhatdoesJoanMeyersLevyfocusoninherresearch?A.Light. B.Ceilings. C.Windows. D.Furniture.2.Thepassagetellsusthat.

A.theshapeoffurnituremayaffectpeople’sfeelingsB.lowerceilingsmayhelpimprovestudents’creativityC.childreninadimclassroommayimprovetheirgradesD.studentsinroomswithunblockedviewsmayfeelrelaxed3.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphprobablymeansthat.

A.theproblemisnotapproachedstepbystepB.theresearchessofarhavefaultsinthemselvesC.theproblemistoodifficultforresearcherstodetectD.researchinthisareaisnotenoughtomakegeneralizedpatterns4.Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationofthepassage?CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Subpoint(次要點(diǎn))C:ConclusionPassage6(2008北京,E)TheDietZone:ADangerousPlaceDietCoke,dietPepsi,dietpills,nofatdiet,vegetablediet...Wearesurroundedbytheword“diet”everywherewelookandlisten.Wehavesoeasilybeenattractedbythepromiseandpotentialofdietproductsthatwehavestoppedthinkingaboutwhatdietproductsaredoingtous.Wearepayingforproductsthatharmuspsychologicallyandphysically(身體上).Dietproductssignificantlyweakenuspsychologically.Ononelevel,wearenotallowingourbrainstoadmitthatourweightproblemslienotinactuallylosingtheweight,butincontrollingtheconsumptionoffatty,highcalorie,unhealthyfoods.Dietproductsallowustojumpoverthethinkingstageandgostraightforthescale(秤)instead.Allwehavetodoistoswalloworrecognizetheword“diet”infoodlabels.Onanotherlevel,dietproductshavegreaterpsychologicaleffects.Everytimewehaveazerocaloriedrink,wearetellingourselveswithoutourawarenessthatwedon’thavetoworktogetresults.Dietproductsmakepeoplebelievethatgaineswithoutpain,andthatlifecanbewithoutresistanceandstruggle.

Thedangerofdietproductsliesnotonlyinthepsychologicaleffectstheyhaveonus,butalsointhephysicalharmthattheycause.Dietfoodscanindirectlyharmourbodiesbecauseconsumingtheminsteadofhealthyfoodsmeanswearepreventingourbodiesfromhavingbasicnutrients(營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分).Dietfoodsanddietpillscontainzerocalorieonlybecausethedietindustryhascreatedchemicalstoproducethesewonderproducts.Dietproductsmaynotbenutritional,andthechemicalsthatgointodietproductsarepotentiallydangerous.Nowthatweareawareoftheeffectsthatdietproductshaveonus,itistimetoseriouslythinkaboutbuyingthem.Losingweightliesinthepowerofminds,notinthepowerofchemicals.Oncewerealizethis,wewillbemuchbetterabletoresistdietproducts,andthereforepreventthepsychologicalandphysicalharmthatesfromusingthem.1.FromParagraph1,welearnthat.

A.dietproductsfailtobringoutpeople’spotentialB.peoplehavedifficultyinchoosingdietproductsC.dietproductsaremisleadingpeopleD.peoplearefedupwithdietproducts2.Onepsychologicaleffectofdietproductsisthatpeopletendto.

A.tryoutavarietyofdietfoodsB.hesitatebeforetheyenjoydietfoodsC.payattentiontotheirowneatinghabitsD.watchtheirweightratherthantheirdiet3.InParagraph3,“gaineswithoutpain”probablymeans.

A.losingweightiseffortlessB.itcostsalottoloseweightC.dietproductsbringnopainD.dietproductsarefreefromcalories4.Dietproductsindirectlyharmpeoplephysicallybecausesuchproducts.

A.areoverconsumedB.lackbasicnutrientsC.areshortofchemicalsD.providetoomuchenergy5.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?Sp:Subpoint(次要點(diǎn))C:ConclusionCP:CentralPointP:Point答案精解精析高考題組訓(xùn)練Passage1[語篇解讀]本文是議論文,題材為學(xué)校教育類。大學(xué)時(shí)期應(yīng)該是學(xué)生成長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)重要時(shí)期,學(xué)生應(yīng)在這段時(shí)期學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立和發(fā)現(xiàn)。但是現(xiàn)在的大學(xué)時(shí)期卻成了青春期的延續(xù),大學(xué)沒有教給學(xué)生獨(dú)立,也沒有讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)。1.B觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段可知,作者不贊同大學(xué)生繼續(xù)接受父母的指導(dǎo)。sympathetic同情的;disapproving不贊成的,不同意的;supportive支持的;neutral中立的。2.A猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)語境可知此處表達(dá)的是“大學(xué)時(shí)期是一個(gè)從家庭庇護(hù)到獨(dú)立和承擔(dān)成人責(zé)任的轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)期”,所以答案為A項(xiàng)。3.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知答案為D項(xiàng)。4.C邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第一段引入主題,第二段描述了大學(xué)時(shí)期是怎樣變成青春期的延續(xù)的,第三段提出如何解決這一問題,第四段和第五段提出了解決這個(gè)問題的原因,最后進(jìn)行總結(jié)。故選C項(xiàng)。[長(zhǎng)難句]Everycollegediscussionaboutmunityvalues,socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandselfregulation,ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandselfdiscovery.大學(xué)里有關(guān)團(tuán)體價(jià)值觀、社會(huì)風(fēng)氣和行為的每一項(xiàng)討論都應(yīng)該包含對(duì)學(xué)生自主和自我管理發(fā)展重要性的認(rèn)識(shí),包含對(duì)安全和自我發(fā)現(xiàn)之間必要矛盾的認(rèn)識(shí)。本句為簡(jiǎn)單句,其主干為Everycollegediscussionshouldincluderecognition,三個(gè)of短語作定語。Passage2[語篇解讀]本文為議論文,題材為社會(huì)生活。文章介紹了無處不在的科技變革影響了生活的方方面面,然而科技帶來的社會(huì)變化常常被誤認(rèn)為是人們的態(tài)度發(fā)生了改變。1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知調(diào)查表明現(xiàn)在的父母在子女搬進(jìn)大學(xué)宿舍之后會(huì)繼續(xù)對(duì)子女進(jìn)行過度保護(hù)。2.C觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段可知C項(xiàng)正確。3.A主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句和最后一段最后一句可知選A。4.B邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題。第一段簡(jiǎn)要介紹,提出論點(diǎn)。第二、三段提出兩個(gè)分論點(diǎn),第四段提出次要點(diǎn),第五段介紹了另外一個(gè)次要點(diǎn),最后一段總結(jié)全文。[長(zhǎng)難句]Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangesefromthetechnologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.但是記住這一點(diǎn)是有用的,所有這些變化來自科技而不是一些想象中的父母想要把孩子護(hù)在羽翼下的欲望。句中it是形式主語,真正的主語是tobearinmindthatallsuchchangesefromthetechnologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings,bearinmind后的that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。Passage3[語篇解讀]本文為議論文,題材為節(jié)能環(huán)保類?；囊笆欠駪?yīng)該被開發(fā)是很多人關(guān)心的問題,有人贊同有人反對(duì),無論是站在哪一方都需要我們認(rèn)真地思考。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的內(nèi)容可知選擇B項(xiàng)。2.C主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段的第二句和第三句“Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices...Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhumanpresence,orindeedmercialandindustrialexploitation.”可知本題選擇C項(xiàng)。

3.A觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者在文章的第四段闡述了自己對(duì)這一問題的看法,第一句提到“Ilookforwardtoseeingtheseviewstakenfurther...”,由此可知作者沒有偏向任何一個(gè)觀點(diǎn),只是客觀闡述問題,因此選擇A項(xiàng),objective“客觀的”。disapproving不贊同的;sceptical懷疑的;optimistic樂觀的。4.D邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章的第一段提出了整篇文章的關(guān)鍵詞wilderness,第二段闡述了JohnSauven的觀點(diǎn),第三段闡述了LeeLane的相反觀點(diǎn),第四段作者提出自己的看法,第五段為總結(jié)段落,因此選擇D項(xiàng)。[長(zhǎng)難句]Thefrequencywithwhic