2023-2024學年山東省濟南市高一（上）月考英語試卷

2023-2024學年山東省濟南市高一（上）月考英語試卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分7.5分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．（1.5分）HowwillthewomangotoLaura'shouse？A.Bybike.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.2．（1.5分）HowdoesHelenprobablyfeelnow？A.Excited.B.Terrible.C.Relaxed.3．（1.5分）Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo？A.Learnalanguage.B.Playasport.C.Takeanartlesson.4．（1.5分）Wherewillthespeakersmeetthisafternoon？A.Atthecinema.B.Atthesportscenter.C.Atthetrainstation.5．（1.5分）Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout？A.Anewspaper.B.Awebsite.C.Anewsreport.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。6．（3分）（1）Whatanimaldoesthewoman'sdaughterwanttokeep？A.Acat.B.Adog.C.Ahorse.（2）Whydoesthemansuggestkeepingcats？A.Theyareindependent.B.Theyarebeautiful.C.Theyarecheap.7．（4.5分）（1）Whatcolorwasthewoman'sbedroompainted？A.Blue.B.White.C.Orange.（2）Whatdoesthewomandislike？A.Thelights.B.Themirror.C.Thepictures.（3）Whatdoesthewomanwanttobe？A.Ascientist.B.Ahost.C.Adesigner.8．（4.5分）（1）Whichgroupdoesthewoman'sdaughterbelongto？A.Thebaby's.B.Thepreschooler's.C.Thekid's.（2）Whatdoesthewoman'sdaughterhavetroubledoing？A.Sleeping.B.Drawing.C.Dressingherself.（3）Whenwillthewoman'sdaughterbesenttothecenter？A.OnMondayandTuesday.B.OnTuesdayandWednesday.C.OnMondayandWednesday.9．（6分）（1）Whydoesthewomancometotheman？A.Toexpressthanks.B.Tostartameeting.C.Toaskforhelp.（2）WhendidthemanstarttolearnRussianproperly？A.Inhighschool.B.Duringthevacation.C.Incollege.（3）WhatwasthemostimportantpartforthemaninlearningFrench？A.Takingacourseinit.B.SpendingtimeinParis.C.Learningfromherparents.（4）Whathasthemanbeenbusydoingrecently？A.Learninganewlanguage.B.Preparingforanexam.C.Findingajob.10．（4.5分）（1）Howlongdoesthewaterparkopeneachday？A.Sevenhours.B.Eighthours.C.Ninehours.（2）Whatcanweknowaboutthemini﹣soccer？A.Itisfreeforthelocals.B.Itneedsbookingahead.C.Itcanbeverybusy.（3）HowcanthetouristsbookthebusticketstothetownofLevington？A.Fromthebusdriver.B.Fromthehotelmanager.C.Fromtheparkwebsite.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分37.5分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。11．（7.5分）VolunteerTeachersinMalawiWho※Teachersortrainee（實習）teachersofanysubjectatanylevel，althoughwewillalsoconsiderpeopleofotherjobswhohavebeeneducatedtodegreelevel.※From23yearsoldwithatleastoneyear'steachingexperience.WorkingPeriodAnyperiodofstayispossible，althoughweencourageatleastfourweeks.ProjectsKapandaCommunityDaySecondarySchool※A30﹣minutebicycleridefromMwayaBeach；※Fourschoolyears，includingForms1to4；※Typicalagesare14to19yearsold；※Eachclasshasabout50studentswithitsownclassroom；.※AllsubjectsaretaughtinEnglish.MwayaPrimarySchoolPrimaryschoolsinMwayaarefreeandopentoall.Assecondaryeducationishighlycompetitiveandexpensive，thisisoftentheonlyeducationstudentsinpoorareasreceive.※A10﹣minutewalkfromMwayaBeach；※About1，200pupils；※Eightschoolyears，includingStandards1to8；※Typicalagesare5to15years；※Classsizesarefrom100to150；※LessonsaretaughtinEnglishfromStandard5upwards，whichcanbedifficultforvolunteerswithstudentswhoarejustlearningtospeak，writeandunderstandEnglish.PleasenotethatvolunteersarenottheretotakethejobsofMalawianteachersandgivelessons，buttheyaretheretohelpthelocalteachersandstudents.HowtoApplyPleasegoto，andcompletetheonlineformifyouareinterestedinbecomingavolunteerteacher.（1）Whatisrequiredofthevolunteerteachers？A．AnEnglishEducationdegree.B．Oneyear'svolunteerexperience.C．Stayingforoverfourweeks.D．Beingatleast23yearsold.（2）HowisthePrimarySchooldifferentfromtheSecondarySchool？A．ItisfarawayfromMwayaBeach.B．Itdoesn'tofferEnglishclasses.C．Itdoesn'thavebigclasses.D．Itseducationiseasyforthepoortoget.（3）Whatarevolunteersexpectedtodo？A．Givelessonstolocalstudents.B．Actashelperstolocalteachers.C．Helpwiththeteachertraining.D．Takethejoboflocalteachers.12．（10分）IamsittingatthetableinmyfavoriteBostonbookstore﹣café，laptopopen，writing.TenminutesagoIorderedcoffee.Theserver—ayoung，dark﹣hairedwomanwithabroadsmileandglasses—stoppedandquietlysaid，"IjustwanttotellyouhowmuchyourTEDtalkmeanttome，youhelpedmefindoutwhatIreallywantedtodowithmylife—gotomedicalschool—andthenyouhelpedmedowhatIneededtodotogetthere.Thankyou."Tearsinmyeyes，Iasked，"What'syourname？""Fetaine，"shesaid.ThenwetalkedforthenexttenminutesaboutFetaine'schallengesinthepastandnew﹣foundexcitementaboutherfuture.Everyonewhocommunicateswithmeisspecialandmemorable，butthiskindofcommunicationhappensfarmoreoftenthanI'deverhaveexpected：astrangerwarmlygreetsme，sharesapersonalstoryabouthowtheysuccessfullydealtwithdifficulties，andthensimplythanksmeformypartinit.Theyarewomenandmen，oldandyoung，poorandwealthy.Butsomethingconnectsthem：allhavefeltpowerlessinthefaceofgreatpressureandanxiety（焦慮），andalldiscoveredaquitesimplewaytofreethemselvesfromthatfeelingofpowerlessness.Formostwriters，thebookcomesfirst，thentheresponses.Forme，itwastheotherwayaround.First，IperformedexperimentsthatledtoatalkIgaveattheTEDGlobalconferencein2012.Inthattalk，Idiscussedsomeinterestingfindingsabouthowwecanquicklyincreaseourconfidenceanddecrease（減輕）ouranxietyinchallengingsituations.IalsosharedmyowntroublesandhowIlearnedtobecomemoreconfident.Soonafterthetwenty﹣one﹣minutevideoofthetalkwaspostedontheInternet，Ibeganhearingfrompeoplewhohadseenit.Ofcourse，watchingmytalkdidn'tmagicallygiveFetainetheknowledgesheneededtodowellonMedicalCollegeAdmissionTest.Butitmayhavehelpedhergetoutofthefearthatcouldhavepreventedherfromexpressingthethingssheknew.（1）WhathappenedintheBostonbookstore﹣café？A．Thewriterwaitedtenminutesforhercoffee.B．Thewritercameacrossafriendofhers.C．Awaitressexpressedherthankstothewriter.D．AwaitressencouragedthewritertogiveaTEDtalk.（2）Whatdothosepeoplewhocommunicatewiththewriterhaveincommon？A．Theyoncefacedproblemsandfelthelpless.B．Theysharedpersonalstoriesaboutstrangers.C．Theywerefamousbutundergreatpressure.D．Theywereafraidtocommunicatewithothers.（3）Whatmaybethethemeofthewriter'stalkin2012？A．Howtoincreaseconfidence.B．Howtoperformmeaningfulexperiments.C．Howtoovercomeanxietyinatalk.D．Howtofindinterestingthingsinlife.（4）HowdidthewriterinfluenceFetaineinthewriter'seyes？A．ShegaveFetainepowertolooktothefuture.B．ShehelpedFetainewithherknowledge.C．SheadvisedFetainetogotomedicalschool.D．ShehelpedFetainetogetagoodjob.13．（10分）Plasticislow﹣costandlong﹣lasting.Itisnoteasilydegraded（降解）becausenaturaldegradationprocessescan'tdealwithitschemicalcomponents（成分）.Ittakesinotherocean﹣presentharmfulsubstances.Thesechemicalanddangerouscomponentsaregraduallygotintotheatmospherewithadditivessuchascolor，whichturnsouttobereallyharmfulwhentheplasticbreaksdown.ThedesignanddevelopmentofnewplasticproductswasspedupafterWorldWarII.Lifewithoutplasticseemedimpossibleinthemodernage.Buteventhoughplasticwasquiteconvenient，thedarksideofitwasseenaspeoplebegantoenjoythethrow﹣awaycommunity.Manyplasticproducts，suchasplasticbags，havealifetimeofafewminutestohours.However，they'llstayintheenvironmentforhundredsofyears.Wearedestroyingtheveryworldthatnurturedus.Just9%ofplastichasbeenrecycledand12%burntafterproductionroseinthe1950s，whichleavesabout79%ofthe8.3billiontonsproducedsittinginlandfills（垃圾填埋場）ordamagingourfields，oceans，andwaterways.Andeachyeartheplasticendsupascontaminants.Sotobeatplasticpollution，weneedtoworktogether.Whileplasticburningreducestheamountofwastedumpedintooceansandlands，harmfulgasesarestillproduced，whichalsoleadstogreenhousegases.However，ifwemakeafirmdecisionandusemodernwastemanagementmethods，wewillbeabletocreateasafeandhealthyworld.Itishightimethatweasresponsibleglobalcitizens，tookonthedutyofprotectingourenvironmentandmadegreateffortinsavingourmotherearth，insteadofjustleavingeverythingtoourgovernment.So，ladiesandgentlemen，let'smakeapromisetosuccessfullydealwithplasticwasteandprotectourworldfromallpossiblerisks.（1）WhatisParagraph1mainlyabout？A．Theharmofplastic.B．Theconvenienceofplastic.C．Theprotectionofplastic.D．Theuseofplastic.（2）Whichwordcanbestdescribethewriter'sfeelinginParagraph2？A．Happy.B．Worried.C．Excited.D．Relaxed.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"contaminants"inParagraph3mean？A．Thingsthatcausepollution.B．Thingsthatproduceplastic.C．Thingsthatcostmoney.D．Thingsthathelppeople.（4）Fromwhichisthetextmostprobablytaken？A．Ashortstory.B．Aspeech.C．Anewspaper.D．Anotice.14．（10分）Alllanguageschangeovertime.Newvocabularyisoftenrequiredforthelatestinventionsorideas.Butalanguagecanalsochangeforreasonsthatarenotclear.Languagechangeswheneverspeakerscommunicatewitheachother.Peoplefromdifferentplacesclearlyspeakdifferently，butevenwithinthesamesmallcommunity，peoplespeakdifferentlydependingontheirage，origin，andsocialandeducationalbackground.Whenwecommunicatewiththesedifferentspeakers，indifferentsituations，wehearnewwordsandexpressions，andcanmakethemapartofourownspeech.Evenifyourfamilyhaslivedinthesameareaforgenerations，youcanprobablyseeanumberofdifferencesbetweenthelanguageyouuseandthewayyourgrandparentsspeak.Whenenoughtimehaspassed，theinfluenceofthesechangesbecomesclearer.Duringthe18thcentury，JonathanSwift，theIrishwriter，andmanyotherpeoplefelttheEnglishlanguagewasinseriousdecline（衰落）andthatanationalorganization—likethoseinFranceandItaly—shouldbecreatedtosavethelanguage.Swiftoncewrotethatweshouldfindawaytostopourlanguagefromchanging.Eventoday，wehearpeoplecomplainingaboutalackof"standards（標準）"inspokenandwrittenEnglish.Newwordsandexpressions，orchangesingrammar，areoftenconsideredbad.Moreexpertsbelievethatchangeinlanguageisunavoidable.Changeisawayofkeepingalanguagealiveanduseful，andgivesspeakersdifferentwaysofsayingthingswithextremelysmalldifferencesofmeaningandwaysofexpressingcompletelynewideas.TheorganizationssetupinFranceandItalyhavehadlittlesuccessinreducingtheamountofchangeinFrenchorItalian.In1747，SamuelJohnsonwroteabouthisdesiretowriteadictionarythatwouldfixthepronunciationofEnglishandkeepitpure（純正的）.Butwhenhecompletedthedictionarytenyearslater，headmittedinhisintroductionthatfixingalanguagewasimpossible.Likeitornot，languageisalwayschangingandEnglishwillgoondoingsoinmanycreativeand—tosomepeople—annoyingways.（1）Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph？A．Somepeoplelearntospeakbetterthanothers.B．Theyouthshouldlearnfromtheirgrandparents.C．Languagechangeisgreatlyinfluencedbypeople.D．Languagechangeslittleifpeoplestayinthesameplace.（2）WhatdoesJonathanSwiftthinkoflanguagechange？A．Hethinksitishopeful.B．Hethinksitisunclear.C．Heagreesonthechange.D．Hedoesn'tagreeonthechange.（3）WhydidSamuelJohnsondecidetowriteadictionary？A．Tocreatesomenewwords.B．Toincludesomeforeignwords.C．TokeepEnglishpurefromchanges.D．TorecordthechangesinEnglish.（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？A．Whydoeslanguagechange？B．WrittenEnglishneedsstandards.C．Doeslanguagechangeinfluencesociety？D．Howtoprotectthelanguage.第二節(jié)（共1小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。15．（12.5分）Doyouhaveclothesinyourwardrobethatyouneverwear？Doyoukeepthingsinyourcupboardsthatyouneveruse？?Doyouhavebooksonyourshelvesthatyouneveropen？Andwhataboutthemessonthefloor？（1）Iftheanswertothesequestionsisyes，thenyou'renotalone.Mostofushavetoomanythings.Peoplewithuntidy，cluttered（凌亂的）roomshaveuntidyminds.（2）Thismakesthemunhappy.Thereisnodoubtthattoomanythingsarebadforusandwehavetochange.Now，imaginethisbedroom：awhitefloor，abed，awardrobeandadeskandchair.That'sall.Itlookscalmandrelaxing.Thisistheminimaliststyle（簡約主義）.Minimalistsbelievethattheydon'thavetoownalotofthingstobehappy.（3）Youareprobablyaskingatthispoint"DoIhavetothrowawayallmyfavoritethings？"（4）Aminimalistroomistooextremeformostpeople，andpersonalthingslikephotosandbooksarecomfortingandhelpustofeelathome.（5）Considerthissimplerule：ifyoudon'tusesomethingforlongerthan6months，getridofit.Youhavetoregularlytidyandsortoutallthethingsinyourroom.Afterregulardecluttering（定期清理），you'llhavemorespaceinyourwardrobeandcupboards.Nomore"Youmusttidyyourroom!"fromyourparents!Yourroomwilllookmorespaciousandyou'llfeelfree.A.Ofcoursetheansweristhatyoudon't.B.Actually，theyenjoytheirmessyroom.C.Theytrytolivewithonlynecessarythings.D.Butregulardeclutteringisn'tabadidea.E.Whydoyoukeepsomanythingsinyourroom？F.Isitdifficulttofindthingswhenyouneedthem？G.Theycanfeelstressedandtheyfinditdifficulttorelax.第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分15分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題15分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。16．（15分）OnAugust23rd，mysonwasoutmountainbikingwithhisteacherandfriends.Asusual，wewerewaitingathome（1）lunchready.At12：15，hestillhadn't（2）.Then，wegotthecallthathewasbadlyhurt.We（3）upthemountaininthecar.Hewasinthekindof（4）youneverwanttosee.WegothimtothehospitalforX﹣raystobetoldhiscollarbone（鎖骨）wasbroken.Collarbonesareespecially（5）totreat，asyoucan'tjustputtheminacast（石膏）.Childrenhisagearemovingallthetime，（6）howwewouldbeabletostopanactive8﹣year﹣oldboyfrommovingforaminimumof5weekswasa（7）.Wegothima"figure﹣of﹣8"supportthatkeepsbothhisshouldersaligned（成一條直線）.Itwasthebest（8）formakingsurethebonegrewbackstraight.Sleepingwasverypainfulforhim，andinthenextfew（9）everythingcamecrashingdown.Nosports.Noactivity.（10）birthdaypartyplans.Wegotintoanewnormalathome.Wefoundotherthingsforhimtodothatweren't（11），suchasreadingandmakingartwork.It（12）hisworldfrombeingthestrong，activekidtonotbeingabletodowhatheloved.However，hegraduallyadaptedtohisnewlife.Iwouldnever（13）an﹣injuryonanyone；yet，itisadirectwaytolearnhowtobepatientwithlife，withthebody，andwitheachother.My（14）lessonhasbeenthatmychildmayhavelearnedmorefromthisinjurythananythingelsehe'sgonethroughthisyear，and，（15），itwillservehimforlife.（1）A．atB．onC．withD．in（2）A．workedoutB．droppedbyC．setoutD．shownup（3）A．walkedB．racedC．rodeD．flew（4）A．angerB．stressC．painD．shame（5）A．easyB．hardC．rapidD．ready（6）A．forB．thoughC．soD．unless（7）A．challengeB．successC．conditionD．promise（8）A．goalB．choiceC．partD．task（9）A．hoursB．daysC．weeksD．months（10）A．DesignedB．CancelledC．CreatedD．Divided（11）A．mentalB．physicalC．relaxingD．interesting（12）A．changedB．helpedC．protectedD．provided（13）A．wishB．affordC．admireD．educate（14）A．smallestB．slowestC．biggestD．worst（15）A．normallyB．exactlyC．suddenlyD．hopefully第二節(jié)（共1小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。17．（15分）Everyyear，highschoolstudentsaged15﹣19fromallaroundtheworldmakeahuge（1）（decide）.Theyleavetheirhomeandgotoanothercountry（2）（study）foruptoayear.Anexchangeyear（3）（know）asatimewhennewexperienceseducatestudentsabouta（4）（difference）wayoflife.Sometimestherewillbedifficultiesandbadmoments，butthosearethemomentswhenthestudentsgrowthemost."Anexchangeyearisn'tayearinyourlife；itisalifeinayear，"saidIsabela，an18﹣year﹣oldexchangestudentfromBrazil.IsabelahasbeenlivinginSaintJosephthisyear.Heryeardidn'tstart（5）（exact）thewayshewashoping.Shehadtroublemaking（6）（friend）andshecouldn'tconnectwithherhostfamily."Ihadthe（7）（bad）andthebesttimehere.Thebeginningwasterrible.Ididn'topenupandnoonetalkedtome.Iwasevenreadytogohomebeforetheyearended，"shesaid.Whentheyear2020started，Isabelachangedherhostfamilyand（8）（give）theU.Sonemorechance.Shealsochangedherattitude.Nowshehasagreatrelationshipwithherhostparentsandhasalotoffriends.Sheisenjoyinghertime.Exchangestudentsgrowalotduringtheirexchangeyearandtheyseetheworld（9）anewway.Theywillhavedifficultiestheyneedtoovercomeby（10）（they）buttheywillgobacktotheirhomemorematureandindependent.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分15分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）18．（15分）上周六，你校組織高一學生聽了一場以"自我保護"為主題的校園安全講座。請你為學校英文網(wǎng)站寫一篇報道。內容包括：（1）講座目的；（2）講座時間、地點及內容；（3）講座反響。注意：（1）寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；（2）標題已為你寫好，不計入字數(shù)。ALectureonCampusSafety______第二節(jié)（滿分25分）19．（25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。Icouldn'tforgetthewayIwasfrozeninfrontoftheclasstoday.Myteacher，Mr.Liuhaddividedtheclassintogroupstodospeeches.Todaywasmyturn.However，myhandsshooksobadlythatIcouldn'treadmynotes.Myvoicebecamesoftereventosilence.Mr.LiukindlyendedmypartofspeecheventhoughIclearlydidn'tfinish.Healsoaskedmetostayafterclassforamoment."Betty，Iknowyouareshy，butyouworkedsohardonthisproject.I'dhatetoseeyougiveuponyourself."Mr.Liusaid，"IfIgiveyouanotherchanceuntiltomorrow，doyouthinkyoucanfindcourage？"Inodded，gratefulforthechance.IwentasquicklyasIcouldtomynextclass，keepingmyheaddownandhopingtheschooldaywouldendsoon.WhenIreachedhomethatafternoon，Icouldseeaninvitinglightcomingfromthekitchenwindows.Mumwasbaking（烘焙）.ShestudiedmyfaceasIcameintothekitchen."What'swrong，Betty？"Tearsshoneinmyeyes.Itoldherthewholestory.Mumwassilentforamomentwithherhandsbusywiththecake."Whyisitthatyoucantalktomeaboutanythingandeverythingbutyoucan'ttalktoyourclass？"Mumasked.Shesetthetimerightandthensaid，"Letmeshowyousomething."Ifollowedhertothebedroom.Theresheshowedmeabookfilledwithpictures.Inittherewasablueribbon（絲帶）thatsaid"FirstPlace"andapictureofherselfwhenshewasveryyoung，standingwithherparents."Iwonitforpublicspeaking.Istartedtheschoolyearastheshyestgirlonthespeechteam，butIendedtheyearastheblueribbonwinner.Itwasn'teasyatfirst—notsureofmyselfatall.Iworkedhard，andmostlyIfacedmytears.Youjustneedtofindyourcourage."注意：（1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；（2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。HearingMum'swords，Istaredatthevaluableblueribbon，lostinthought._______ThenextdayIwalkedtothefrontoftheclassroomtogivemyspeech._______

2023-2024學年山東省濟南市高一（上）月考英語試卷參考答案與試題解析第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分7.5分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．【解答】C2．【解答】B3．【解答】C4．【解答】C5．【解答】B第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。6．【解答】CA7．【解答】BCA8．【解答】CAA9．【解答】CBBA10．【解答】CCA第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分37.5分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。11．【分析】這篇文章是關于在馬拉維擔任志愿者教師的信息。志愿者可以是任何科目的教師或實習教師，也可以是其他工作但受過大學教育的人，年齡需在23歲以上且有至少一年的教學經驗。志愿者可以在Kapanda社區(qū)日制中學或Mwaya小學任教，這兩所學校的教學語言都是英語。志愿者的工作并不是取代馬拉維的教師，而是幫助當?shù)氐慕處熀蛯W生?！窘獯稹浚?）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Who下面的From23yearsoldwithatleastoneyear'steachingexperience.（23歲以上，至少有一年的教學經驗。）可知，志愿者老師的年齡至少要23歲。故選D。（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MwayaPrimarySchool下面的PrimaryschoolsinMwayaarefreeandopentoall.Assecondaryeducationishighlycompetitiveandexpensive，thisisoftentheonlyeducationstudentsinpoorareasreceive.（Mwaya的小學是免費的，對所有人開放。由于中等教育競爭激烈且費用高昂，這往往是貧困地區(qū)學生接受的唯一教育。）可知，Mwaya的小學對所有人免費，這往往是貧困地區(qū)學生能夠接受的唯一教育，而中學競爭激烈且費用昂貴，所以二者的不同就在于：小學教育能夠讓窮人容易得到。故選D。（3）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中倒數(shù)第二段PleasenotethatvolunteersarenottheretotakethejobsofMalawianteachersandgivelessons，buttheyaretheretohelpthelocalteachersandstudents.（請注意，志愿者不是來承擔馬拉維教師的工作和授課的，而是來幫助當?shù)亟處熀蛯W生的。）可知，志愿者來這里是幫助當?shù)亟處熀蛯W生的，即充當當?shù)亟處煹闹?。A．Givelessonstolocalstudents.給當?shù)貙W生上課；B．Actashelperstolocalteachers.充當當?shù)亟處煹闹郑籆．Helpwiththeteachertraining.幫助教師培訓；D．Takethejoboflocalteachers.以當?shù)亟處煹墓ぷ鳛槔?。故選B。【點評】做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案。12．【分析】這是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者的TED演講視頻幫助了許多在生活中面臨著壓力和焦慮的人?！窘獯稹浚?）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Theserver—ayoung，dark﹣hairedwomanwithabroadsmileandglasses—stoppedandquietlysaid，"IjustwanttotellyouhowmuchyourTEDtalkmeanttome，youhelpedmefindoutwhatIreallywantedtodowithmylife—gotomedicalschool—andthenyouhelpedmedowhatIneededtodotogetthere.Thankyou."（服務員——一個年輕的黑發(fā)女人，臉上掛著燦爛的笑容，戴著眼鏡——停了下來，平靜地說：'我只想對你說你的TED演講對我來說有多重要，你幫我找到了我一生中真正想做的事情——上醫(yī)學院——然后你幫我做了我到那一步所需要做的事情。謝謝你。'）可知，在波士頓書店咖啡館中，一位女服務員向作者表達了感謝，作者的TED演講對她產生了重大影響。故選C。（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Butsomethingconnectsthem：allhavefeltpowerlessinthefaceofgreatpressureandanxiety（焦慮），andalldiscoveredaquitesimplewaytofreethemselvesfromthatfeelingofpowerlessness.（但是他們之間有某種聯(lián)系：所有人在面對巨大的壓力和焦慮時都感到無能為力，并且都發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種非常簡單的方法來將自己從那種無能為力的感覺中解放出來。）可知，所有和作者進行交流的人都有一個共同點：他們都曾遇到過問題并且感覺無能為力。故選A。（3）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的Inthattalk，Idiscussedsomeinterestingfindingsabouthowwecanquicklyincreaseourconfidenceanddecrease（減輕）ouranxietyinchallengingsituations.IalsosharedmyowntroublesandhowIlearnedtobecomemoreconfident.Soonafterthetwenty﹣one﹣minutevideoofthetalkwaspostedontheInternet，Ibeganhearingfrompeoplewhohadseenit.（在那次演講中，我討論了一些有趣的發(fā)現(xiàn)，關于我們如何能夠快速增強自信，并在具有挑戰(zhàn)性的情況下減少焦慮。我也分享了我自己的困難和我如何學會變得更加自信。這段21分鐘的演講視頻上傳到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)后不久，我就開始收到看過這段視頻的人的來信。）可知，作者在2012年的演講中討論的是我們如何在充滿挑戰(zhàn)的情況下快速增加信心和減少焦慮。故選A。（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Ofcourse，watchingmytalkdidn'tmagicallygiveFetainetheknowledgesheneededtodowellonMedicalCollegeAdmissionTest.Butitmayhavehelpedhergetoutofthefearthatcouldhavepreventedherfromexpressingthethingssheknew.（當然，看我的演講并不能神奇地給Fetaine提供她在醫(yī)學院入學考試中取得好成績所需要的知識。但它可能幫助她擺脫了恐懼，這種恐懼可能會阻止她表達她所知道的事情。）可知，作者的演講幫助Fetaine擺脫了恐懼，讓她有勇氣去表達自己。再結合第一段中的Theserver—ayoung，dark﹣hairedwomanwithabroadsmileandglasses—stoppedandquietlysaid，"IjustwanttotellyouhowmuchyourTEDtalkmeanttome，youhelpedmefindoutwhatIreallywantedtodowithmylife—gotomedicalschool—andthenyouhelpedmedowhatIneededtodotogetthere.Thankyou."（服務員——一個年輕的黑發(fā)女人，臉上掛著燦爛的笑容，戴著眼鏡——停了下來，平靜地說：'我只想對你說你的TED演講對我來說有多重要，你幫我找到了我一生中真正想做的事情——上醫(yī)學院——然后你幫我做了我到那一步所需要做的事情。謝謝你。'）可知，F(xiàn)etaine感謝作者的演講幫助她找到了自己真正想做的事情。由此可推測出，作者給予了Fetaine面對未來所需的力量。故選A。【點評】做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案。13．【分析】這篇短文主要講述了塑料的問題。塑料是廉價和持久的，但由于其化學成分無法被自然降解，因此很難被分解。它吸收了其他海洋中存在的有害物質，并通過添加劑（如顏色）逐漸進入大氣中，當塑料分解時會產生真正的危害。二戰(zhàn)后，新塑料產品的設計和開發(fā)加快了。然而，盡管塑料非常方便，但當人們開始享受一次性社會時，它的負面影響也開始顯現(xiàn)。許多塑料產品，如塑料袋，壽命只有幾分鐘到幾小時，但它們會在環(huán)境中停留數(shù)百年。只有9%的塑料被回收，12%被燃燒，而剩下的79%被丟棄在垃圾填埋場或破壞我們的土地、海洋和水道。每年，塑料都會成為污染物。雖然燃燒塑料會減少傾倒到海洋和土地的廢物量，但仍會產生有害氣體，也會導致溫室氣體的產生。然而，如果我們做出堅定決策并使用現(xiàn)代的廢物管理方法，我們將能夠創(chuàng)造一個安全健康的世界?，F(xiàn)在是我們作為負責任的全球公民承擔保護環(huán)境責任并努力拯救地球的時候了，而不是把一切都留給政府。因此，女士們先生們，讓我們承諾成功處理塑料廢物，保護我們的世界免受所有可能的風險?！窘獯稹浚?）段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段Itisnoteasilydegraded（降解）becausenaturaldegradationprocessescan'tdealwithitschemicalcomponents（成分）.Ittakesinotherocean﹣presentharmfulsubstances.Thesechemicalanddangerouscomponentsaregraduallygotintotheatmospherewithadditivessuchascolor，whichturnsouttobereallyharmfulwhentheplasticbreaksdown.（因為自然降解過程不能處理其化學成分，所以它不易降解。它吸收其他海洋中存在的有害物質。這些化學成分和危險成分隨著色劑等添加劑逐漸進入大氣中，而當塑料分解時，著色劑就變得非常有害。）可知，塑料的化學成分不能在自然中降解，它吸收有害物質，塑料中的化學成分和危險成分會進入大氣，污染大氣環(huán)境。由此可推測出，第一段主要講述了塑料的害處。故選A。（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Wearedestroyingtheveryworldthatnurturedus.（我們正在摧毀養(yǎng)育我們的世界。）可知，作者認為我們使用塑料是在摧毀我們賴以生存的世界，由此可推測出，作者對這種現(xiàn)狀感到擔憂。故選B。（3）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后一句Sotobeatplasticpollution，weneedtoworktogether.（所以，為了防止塑料污染，我們需要共同努力。）可知，塑料會產生污染，由此可推測出，畫線詞所在句表達的是每年塑料最終都會成為污染物。contaminants意為"污染物"，與A項意思最接近。A．Thingsthatcausepollution.造成污染的東西；B．Thingsthatproduceplastic.產生塑料的東西；C．Thingsthatcostmoney.需要花錢的東西；D．Thingsthathelppeople.幫助別人的事情。故選A。（4）文章出處題。根據(jù)最后一段中的So，ladiesandgentlemen，let'smakeapromisetosuccessfullydealwithplasticwasteandprotectourworldfromallpossiblerisks.（所以，女士們，先生們，讓我們承諾會成功地處理塑料廢物，保護我們的世界免受一切可能的風險。）可知，文章在最后一段呼吁大家要承諾處理塑料廢物，保護環(huán)境，并以"ladiesandgentlemen"引起大家的注意，由此可推測出，文章來自一篇演講。故選B?！军c評】做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案。14．【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了語言是變化的，并分析了其變化的原因。【解答】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Languagechangeswheneverspeakerscommunicatewitheachother.Peoplefromdifferentplacesclearlyspeakdifferently，butevenwithinthesamesmallcommunity，peoplespeakdifferentlydependingontheirage，origin，andsocialandeducationalbackground.Whenwecommunicatewiththesedifferentspeakers，indifferentsituations，wehearnewwordsandexpressions，andcanmakethemapartofourownspeech.（當說話者彼此交流時，語言就會改變。來自不同地方的人說話顯然不同，但即使在同一個小社區(qū)里，人們的說話方式也會因年齡、出身、社會和教育背景的不同而不同。當我們在不同的情況下與這些不同的說話者交流時，我們聽到了新的單詞和表達，并可以把它們變成我們自己講話的一部分。）可知，人們的說話方式會因年齡、出身、社會和教育背景的不同而不同。我們在與不同的人交流時會受到影響，語言也就發(fā)生了變化。所以語言的變化受人的影響很大。C．Languagechangeisgreatlyinfluencedbypeople.（語言的變化很大程度上受人的影響。）符合文意，故選C。（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Duringthe18thcentury，JonathanSwift，theIrishwriter，andmanyotherpeoplefelttheEnglishlanguagewasinseriousdecline（衰落）andthatanationalorganization—likethoseinFranceandItaly—shouldbecreatedtosavethelanguage.Swiftoncewrotethatweshouldfindawaytostopourlanguagefromchanging.（在18世紀，愛爾蘭作家喬納森?斯威夫特和其他許多人都認為英語正在嚴重衰落，應該像法國和意大利那樣建立一個全國性的組織來拯救英語。斯威夫特曾經寫道，我們應該找到一種方法來阻止我們的語言變化。）可知，喬納森?斯威夫特不贊同語言的變化。故選D。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段In1747，SamuelJohnsonwroteabouthisdesiretowriteadictionarythatwouldfixthepronunciationofEnglishandkeepitpure（純正的）.（1747年，塞繆爾?約翰遜寫道，他希望編寫一本能糾正英語發(fā)音并保持純正的詞典。）可知，為了保持英語的純正，讓其不受變化的影響，塞繆爾