高中名詞性從句分類詳解自己上課使用練習(xí)搭配省公開課金獎全國賽課一等獎微課獲獎?wù)n件

語法—名詞性從句nounclause1/61英語句子種類簡單句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)復(fù)合句(complexsentence)英語句子概論2/61簡單句五種基本句型Theweatherisverycold.主語+謂語（連系動詞）+表語Helaughed.主語+謂語（vi.）Ilike

Chinesefood.主語+謂語(vt.)+賓語Shetaught

them

physics.主語+謂語(vt.)+間接賓語+直接賓語Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主語+謂語(vt.)+賓語+賓語補足語

3/61并列句把兩個或幾個簡單句用并列連詞連接起來。IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.

IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit.

Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidn’tlikeit.Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidn’tlikeit.并列句并列句慣用并列連詞:

平行并列連詞:轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞：因果并列連詞:選擇并列連詞:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…norbut,however,while,yet,or,either…orfor,so4/61復(fù)合句:主句+從句名詞性從句定語從句狀語從句1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome

定語從句

狀語從句3.Iknow(that)heisfromAmerica(賓語從句）名詞性從句---5/61NounClauses(名詞性從句)SubjectClause(主語從句)AppositiveClause（同位語從句）ObjectClause（賓語從句）PredicativeClause（表語從句）6/61名詞性從句在功效上相當(dāng)于名詞,在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。主語

{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表語Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

{7/61賓語Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位語Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefact

thatheisateacher.8/61Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主語從句賓語從句表語從句

名詞性從句作用相當(dāng)于名詞，所以主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句分別作主句主語、表語、賓語和同位語。同位語從句9/61ObjectClauses

賓語從句10/61

Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主語謂語賓語（簡單句）主語謂語賓語從句連詞從句主語從句謂語

主句（復(fù)合句）句子做賓語就是賓語從句，跟在及物動詞或介詞后句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+賓語從句。11/61ConjunctionsofNounClauses(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞):隸屬連詞(不作成份）連接代詞（作成份）連接副詞（作狀語）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,ifwhen,where,how,why12/61一、連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）1.that1.當(dāng)賓語從句是由陳說句轉(zhuǎn)變而來時（包含必定句和否定句），連詞由that引導(dǎo)，因為that在從句中不作任何成份，也沒有任何詳細(xì)意思，所以在口語或非正式文體中常省略。LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.

2.賓語從句中連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略：（1）當(dāng)that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，第二個that不能?。唬?）當(dāng)that從句作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式賓語賓語從句。Everyoneknewwhathappenedand

thatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.13/613.在主句為動詞be加一些形容詞（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表語時，后面所跟省略that從句也可算是賓語從句。I’msorry

(that)

Idon’tknow.We’resure

(that)

ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid

(that)

hewon’tpasstheexam.14/61當(dāng)賓語從句是由普通疑問句變來時時，由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，“是否”，不能省略。(1).Lilywantedtoknow___

hergrandmalikedthehandbag.(2).Let’ssee____

wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.(3).Sheaskedme---------

shecouldborrowthesebooks.注意whether和if使用區(qū)分:1).whether和if都能夠引導(dǎo)賓語從句a.當(dāng)有ornot時就用whether,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介詞后面賓語從句不能用if.

IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.c.復(fù)合不定式只能用whether.Telluswhethertogoorstayhere.2.whether//ifif/whetherif/whetherif/whether15/61Practicetimeif/whether

1.Iaskedher____________shehadabike.

2.We’reworriedabout_________heissafe.

3.Idon’tknow_________heiswellornot.

4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

5.Idon’tknow__________Ishouldgo.

if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if_______togo.whetherwhether/if16/613.當(dāng)賓語從句是由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)變而來時，由疑問詞（what,who,whom,which,whose

when,where,how,why等）引導(dǎo)，因為疑問詞在從句中擔(dān)任一定句子成份，含有一定意義，所以不能夠省略。Doyouknow-----hesaidjustnow?Idon’tremember-------wearrived.Iaskedhim------

Icouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellme-------wehavetosee.Doyouknow-------

timetheplaneleaves?whatwhenwherewho\whomwhat17/61二、時態(tài)1.假如主句是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)（包含普通現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句時態(tài)可依據(jù)實際情況而定，（包含普通現(xiàn)在時，普通過去時，普通未來時，現(xiàn)在完成時等）。Iknowhe_---here.(live)Iknowhe-----heretenyearsago.(live)Ihaveheardthathe-------------tomorrow.(come)2.假如主句是過去時態(tài)（包含普通過去時，過去進(jìn)行時），那么從句時態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)過去某種時態(tài)（包含普通過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去未來時，過去完成時）Iknewwho---------here.(live)Isawshe_------------hermother.(talk)Heaskedwhetherhisfather_________________tomorrow.(comeback)Hesaidthathe____________it.(see)3.當(dāng)從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理時用普通現(xiàn)在時。Theteachersaidthattheearth----------aroundthesun.（travel）liveslivedwillcometravelslivedwastalkingwithwouldcomebackhadseen18/61三、語序賓語從句語序用陳說語序：連接詞+主語+謂語+其它成份。1.Idon’tknowwhatisthematter\thetrouble\wrongwithhim.2.Idon’tknowwhodidit.3.Idon’tknowwhoishe1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?1Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.2Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.

2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?1Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.2Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.√√×√√19/61Wethoughtit

strange

thatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.2.Hehasmadeit

clear

thathewillnotgivein.注意：

it常能夠放在動詞think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作為形式賓語,真正賓語-that從句則放在句尾.*________________________(我們以為很奇怪)shedidn’tgotoschooltoday.Wethinkit

strange

that20/615.在第一人稱I,we與動詞think,expect, believe,guess,suppose等連用，后接 賓語從句時，通常將從句否定轉(zhuǎn)移 到主句謂語動詞，形成否定前移。 如：Idon’tsupposeyou’reusedtothisdiet.21/616.一些含有假設(shè)、猜測、提議等意思 動詞后面賓語從句要用“should+動 詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),should能夠省略。這類 動詞有:advise,arrange,command, demand,desire,insist,order,propose, require,request,suggest等。如： Isuggestedthathe(should) studyharder.22/61PredicativeClauses

表語從句23/61隸屬連詞(不作成份）連接代詞（作成份）連接副詞（作狀語）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,asif/asthoughwhen,where,how,why,because表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語名詞性從句,放在系動詞之后,普通結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+系動詞+表語從句”。能夠接表語從句系動詞有be,look,remain,seem等表語從句Thequestionis_____wecanrelyonhim.That’s_____wewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helooked____hewasgoingtocry.That’s_____Iwaslate.whetherbecauseasifwhy24/61注意：在表語從句中，表“是否”時，只能用“whether”不能用“if”。普通情況下，“that”不能省。Itis/wasbecause….Itis/waswhy….3.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….4Thereasonisbecause/why…that….25/611.That’s___thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis___heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis___theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger___shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when26/61SubjectClauses

主語從句27/61ConjunctionsofNounClauses(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞):隸屬連詞(不作成份）連接代詞（作成份）連接副詞（作狀語）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,when,where,how,why28/611.————————————iscertain.（我們將遲到了）2.________________________isknowntoall.(地球是圓)3.________________________isapity(你錯過了這次機(jī)會)

ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance二whether是否，表不確定事情.引導(dǎo)詞Thatweshallbelate————————hurtshimsomuch.（她離開他）一.that

_---只起引導(dǎo)作用，不充當(dāng)成份，但不能省略。沒有意義

。1).Thatshelefthim__________________________isnoteasytosay(他是否會來這）2)Whetherhewillcomehere(Ifhewillcomehere...)×3)_____________ismorepractice.(我們所需要）what在從句中作主語。4）————————————————isunderdiscussion.When在從句中作狀語WhatweneedWhenwewillbeginthemeeting“if”不能引導(dǎo)主語從句三。其它疑問詞29/61注意一:主語從句后置!為了避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正主語.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--

Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.這么就組成了下面一些慣用句型:

Itis+adj/nthat……(strange/apity…)Itis+v–edthat…..(…said/reported….由連詞whether,連接代詞what,who,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how等引導(dǎo),也經(jīng)常后置:30/61Whowilldoit____beendecided(have/has)Whatheneeds__thatbook.Whatheneeds__somebooks.√isare注意三：What與that引導(dǎo)主語從句what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份,如主語,賓語,表語,而that則不然,它在句子中只起連接作用。.(1)_____yousaidyesterdayisright.(2)_____sheisstillaliveisapuzzleWhatThat注意：主語從句中，謂語動詞普通用單數(shù)注意二What引導(dǎo)主語從句，可依據(jù)表語決定31/61【常見錯誤展示】以下各句都有一處錯誤，請更正并分析錯誤原因。1.Lighttravelsfasterthansoundiscommonknowledge.Thatthat雖無詞義但引導(dǎo)主語從句位于句首時不能省略。32/61if,whether都可表示“是否”,但if不能引導(dǎo)位于主句之前主語從句，它能夠引導(dǎo)位于主句之后帶有形式主語it主語從句。2.Ifshe’scomingornotdoesn’tmattermuch.Whether33/613.Thattheprofessorsaidisofgreatimportance.4.Wherewillthetreesbeplantedhas notbeendecided.Whatthat引導(dǎo)主語從句時無詞義。Whattheprofessorsaid表示“教授所說”。將will置于trees之后。主語從句要用陳說句語序。34/615.Nomatterwhobreakstherulewill bepunished.6.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbe heldstillremainaquestion.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時二者可交換，但引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時只能用whoever。Whoever主語從句表示單一概念時，謂語要用單數(shù)形式。remains35/617.Whatwereyourproblemsayear agohasnowbecomemine.8.Itwasrequestedthateveryonemadeaspeechatthemeeting.has要改為have。主語從句表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時，謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。have在“Itisrequested/ordered/suggested+that從句”中，從句要用虛擬語氣，即謂語用“should+動詞原形”，should可省略。(should)make36/61___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.

A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How2.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere3.___isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry____theFirstWorld.Which;belongtob.As,belongedtoc.What;belongingtod.It;belongingto37/614.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit___herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave38/61appositiveClauses

同位語從句39/61同位語從句1.跟在一些名詞后面，對該名詞作深入解釋說明。慣用名詞有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion等。Suggestion,suggestorderdemandwish等2.慣用連詞：that;when,where,why,howe.g.1.消息傳來，拿破侖要來視察他軍隊。

WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcomeandinspecthisgrandarmy.

It’sthequestionhowhedidit.3同位語從句多用that引導(dǎo)，無意義，不可省。2.問題是他怎樣做這件事4.在havenoidea之后用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語從句Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.40/611.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._____________________________________________________

Thefact

that

twothirdsofallgirlsareonadiet

worriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.41/614.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.____________________________________________________ManyBritishparentsholdtheview

that

teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.____________________________Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea

that

timetravelispossible.______________________________________________________Thesuggestion

that

Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.42/611.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpected.2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.定語從句同位語從句3.連詞that在同位語從句中不可省略,而在定語從句中當(dāng)它充當(dāng)賓語時能夠省略。區(qū)分that引導(dǎo)同位語從句和定語從句：1.引導(dǎo)同位語連詞that在句中不作任何句子成份，而在定語從句中，that充當(dāng)能夠是從句主語或賓語等2.同位語從句是對前面名詞內(nèi)容詳細(xì)說明，而定語從句是對前面名詞進(jìn)行修飾，解釋為“….”3.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.1.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.

2.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue同位語從句定語從句同位語從句43/61學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句應(yīng)注意幾個問題:一.引導(dǎo)詞1.what與thatthat在名詞性從句中不作句子成份，只起連接作用，除在賓語從句中外普通不可省略;而what在名詞性從句中不但起連接作用,而且作句子成份，如主語、賓語、表語、定語等，能夠表示“…話（東西、人、時間、地點、速度”等內(nèi)容?？祭?：______hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.（上海卷39題）A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.Where44/612.whether與if區(qū)分whether與if當(dāng)“是否”講時，在引導(dǎo)賓語從句（不過介詞后面賓語從句;后面跟ornot連用;后緊跟動詞不定式todo時除外）二者能夠交換,但在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時通常只能用whether,而不能用if?？祭?:Wehaven’tsettledthequestionof______________itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.（江蘇卷第35題）A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that45/613.what,who,which等疑問詞與“疑問詞+ever”考例6:

makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.（遼寧卷第30題）A.What B.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoeverwhoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時相當(dāng)于anyonewho/thosewho，表示“不論誰”；而who表示“誰”。whatever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時相當(dāng)于anythingthat，表示“不論什么”，而what表示“…話（東西、人、時間、地點、速度等）”。小結(jié)：46/61二.語序問題WhateverIhavedoneisonlyforyou.Ididn’tknowwhatwasthematterwithher.Idon’tthinkyouareright.Whodoyousuggest(should)besentthere?三.時態(tài)在動詞suggest,insist,order,advise,require等后賓語從句中，謂語用虛擬語氣.Theteachersuggestwe(should)carryouttheexperimentintime.Iinsistthatyou(should)bethereontime.47/612.在advice,suggestion,order等名詞后表語從句或同位語從句中謂語也用虛擬語氣Hisadviceisthatwe(should)gotothecinematonight.Theorderthatthework(should)bestartedatoncehasbeengiven.3.時態(tài)一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Theteachertoldusthatlight___________fasterthansound.(travel)翻譯：父親許諾假如我經(jīng)過考試他將給我買倆車。travelsFathermadeapromisethatifIpassedtheexamhewouldbuyacarforme.48/61四.主謂一致問題1.Whathesaid__________true.2.WhatIbought_____threeEnglishbooks3.Whenandwherehewasborn______notbeenfoundout.4.Whenhewasbornandwherehewasborn____notbeenfoundout.5.Whereandwhentoholdthemeeting_______beendecided.isarehashave在含有一個主語從句主從復(fù)合句中，主句謂語動詞普通用單數(shù)形式。在關(guān)系代詞what引導(dǎo)主語從句后，謂語動詞數(shù)要依據(jù)句意而定。hasn’t小結(jié)：49/61五.it充當(dāng)形式主語或形式賓語1.________isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage．(95’)A．ThereB．ThisC．ThatD．It2.I’llmakeknowntoallthatyouwerenothonest.

∧it50/61六，一些固定搭配或句型Idoubtwhether…/Idon’tdoubtthat…2.Thereisnodoubtthat…Thereisnochance/possibilitythat…Itisnowonderthat…3.Thereason…isthat…ThereasonwhyIwaslateisthatImissedthetrain.4.I’msurethat…I’mnotsurewhether…whether,if以及that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句區(qū)分是:當(dāng)“是否”講時，whether與if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句含有疑問意義；而that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句表示必定意義。

小結(jié)：51/61Correctornot?*Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaven’tbeenknownyet.…………….beheldhasn’tbeenknownyet.×Payattention:主語從句謂語用單數(shù)形式

105