unit6-The-Green-Banana市公開課一等獎(jiǎng)省賽課微課金獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

MadebyLaurenChanTheGreenBanana1/852/85questionsHowdoesthetitle“GreenBanana”strikeyou?Whatdoyouexpectthestorytotell3/85ThetextistakenfromBeyondExperience:AnExperientialApproachtoCross-culturalEducationeditedbyDonaldBatchelderandElizabethG.Warnerin1974.Whenthesecondeditionofthebookwaspublishedin1993,Batchelderexplainedhisviewoncross-culturaleducation:BackgroundInformation4/85BackgroundInformation“Ifsomeofthegoalsofeducationinmoderntimesaretoopenuppossibilitiesfordiscoveryandexpandlearningandthechanceformutualacceptanceandrecognitioninawiderworld,itmaybeimportanttoofferstudentsaperspectiveontheirownimmediatecenteroftheworldbyenablingthemtoparticipatesensitivelyascross-culturalsojourners[?s?d??:n?](旅居者，借居者)tothecenterofsomeoneelse’sworld.”5/85Check-onPreview

Whathappenedtotheauthor’soldjeepinBrazil?Howdidthevillagershelprepairit?Whatdidtheauthorlearnaboutthecenteroftheworld(therock)?Howdidhefeeltowardit?Whatarethetwolearningmomentsoftheauthor?Whatdidhelearn?What’stheuseofthegreenbananainthetext?Whatdoesitsymbolize?Whentheauthorsaysweshouldleaveourowncentersoftheworld,doeshemeanweshouldtraveltoothercountriesmoreoften?6/85BackgroundInformation

——Ethnocentrism(種族優(yōu)越論)

"Ethnic"referstoculturalheritage,and"centrism"referstothecentralstartingpointorthetendencyofpeopletoputtheirowngroupatthecenter.Thus,"ethnocentrism"basicallyreferstojudgingothergroupsfromone’sownculturalpointofview,ormisinterpretingotherculturesbecauseoneusestheconceptsofhisownculture.7/85Ethnocentrismcanleadtomakingfalseassumptionsaboutothers'waysbasedonone’sownlimitedexperience.Thekeywordisassumptions,becausewearenotevenawarethatwearebeingethnocentric.Thatispeopledon'tunderstandthattheydon'tunderstand.BackgroundInformation

——Ethnocentrism(種族優(yōu)越論)

8/85Ethnocentrismmaymanifestitselfinattitudesofsuperiorityorsometimeshostility.Violence,discrimination,proselytizing['pr?s?l?ta?z](勸誘改宗),andverbalaggressivenessareothermeanswherebyethnocentrismmaybeexpressed.BackgroundInformation

——Ethnocentrism(種族優(yōu)越論)

9/85Whyarepeopleethnocentric?Itisnormaltoassumethingsonthebasisofone’sownexperience,althoughitissometimeswrong.People’sperceptionsofcolors,timeframes,valuesonindustriousness,socialroles,andbeliefsaboutLifeandtheUniverseprovideimportantmeaningsindailylife.Therefore,people’slimitedexperiencestheyhavealreadyhadarethebasisforinterpretingnewexperiences,andinthecaseofothers’behaviors.10/85Whatistheproblemwithethnocentrism?Ethnocentrismleadspeopletomakefalseassumptionsaboutotherpeoples.Peopleareethnocentricwhentheyusetheirculturalnormsasauniversalyardsticktomakegeneralizationsaboutotherpeoples'culturesandcustoms.Peopleofoneculturemayfalselydistortwhatismeaningfulandfunctionaltootherpeoplesthroughhisowntintedglasses.Atthebest,peoplesimplycontinueinhisunawareness.Youmaybewellmeaningininterethnicrelations,butcanunintentionallyoffendothers,generateillfeelings,andevensetupsituationsthatharmothers.Ethnocentrismisevidentininternationalrelations,creatingconflictsandinhibitingresolutionofconflicts.11/85Thereareextremeformsofethnocentrismthatposeserioussocialproblems,suchasracism,chauvinism,andethniccleansing.Theseviewsaregenerallycondemnedbytheworldcommunity,butregularcasescanbeseeninthenews.EthnocentrismCultural

ChauvinismRelativism

Racism

extremeformsofethnocentrism12/85Whatcanwedoaboutethnocentrism?Addressingethnocentrismisnotamatterofjusttryingnottobeethnocentric.Sincepeoplewillneverexperienceeverylifesituationofeveryonearoundtheworld,assumptionsaboutlifearebasedonexistinglimitedexperience.Amoreeffectivewayistocatchyourselfwhenyouarebeingethnocentricandseektodevelopbetterunderstandings.Oncewerealizethatwearenotunderstanding,wearenowinabetterpositiontoseekmorevalidandbalancedunderstandings.13/85CulturalRelativism

(文化相對(duì)主義)Ethnocentrismisoftenlinkedtoasociologicaltheorycalled"culturalrelativism".Culturalrelativistsassertthatconceptsaresociallyconstructedandvarycross-culturally.Theseconceptsmayincludesuchfundamentalnotionsaswhatisconsideredtrue,morallycorrect,andwhatconstitutesknowledgeorevenrealityitself.14/85CulturalRelativismisanattempttounderstandtheculturaldevelopmentofsocietiesandsocialgroupsontheirownterms,thatis,withouttryingtoimposeabsoluteideasofmoralvalueortryingtomeasuredifferentculturalvariationsintermsofsomeformofabsoluteculturalstandard.Thismaybeapositivevalueintermsofinterethnicrelations.Byculturalrelativism,allculturesareequallyworthyofrespectandinstudyinganotherculturepeopleneedtosuspendjudgment,empathizeandtryandunderstandthewaythatparticularcultureseestheworld.CulturalRelativism

(文化相對(duì)主義)15/85Brazil16/8517/85NationalFlagFederativeRepublicofBrazilCapital:BrasiliaIndependentDay:September7th18/85Twolargeterrain[t?'re?n]地形TheAmazonplain

（1/3）BrazilPlateau（2/3）19/85BrazilisaPortuguese-speakingcountryintheAmericas.Itistheworld'sfifthlargestcountry,bothbygeographicalareaandbypopulation.20/85BoundedbytheAtlanticOceanonthe

east,Brazilhasacoastlineofover

7,491

kilometers.

ItisborderedonthenorthbyVenezuela[?ven?'zwe?l?],Guyana[ɡai?ɑ:n?,ɡai??n?]

,

Suriname[?s??r?'nɑ:m]andtheFrenchoverseasdepartmentofFrenchGuiana;onthenorthwestbyColombia;on

thewestbyBoliviaandPeru;onthesouthwestby

ArgentinaandParaguay

['p?r?ɡwa?]巴拉圭andonthesouthbyUruguay['j??r?ɡwa?]烏拉圭.Itssize,relief,climate,andnatural

resourcesmakeBrazilgeographicallydiverse.21/85Brazilhasadenseandcomplexsystemofrivers,oneoftheworld'smostextensive,

witheightmajordrainagebasins,allofwhichdrainintotheAtlantic.MajorriversincludetheAmazon22/85CoffeehasbeenoneofthemainbeveragesamongBrazilianssincethe

beginningofthe19thcentury.23/85Braziliancuisinevariesgreatlybyregion,reflectingthecountry'smixofnativeandimmigrantpopulations.Thishascreateda

nationalcuisinemarkedbythepreservationofregionaldifferences.ExamplesareFeijoada,consideredthecountry'snationaldish.24/85ThemostpopularsportinBrazilisfootballsoccer.TheBraziliannationalfootballteamisrankedamongthebestintheworld.25/85Brazilhashostedseveralhigh-profileinternationalsportingevents,includingthe1950FIFAWorldCupandhasbeenchosentohosttheFIFAWorldCup.On2October,BrazilwasselectedtohosttheOlympicGames,thefirsttobeheldinSouthAmerica.26/8527/8528/8529/85CarnivalisthemostfamousholidayinBrazilandhasbecomeaneventofhugeproportions.Thecountrystopscompletelyforalmostaweekandfestivitiesareintense,dayandnight,mainlyincoastalcities.CarnivalRio(lateFebruary-earlyMarch)30/8531/8532/851Flamboyant（艷麗）costumes33/852SexyBraziliangirls

34/853PassionateSambadance

35/85亞馬孫河THEAMAZON36/85

TheAmazonriveristhegreatriveronEarth.Itisoneoftheworld`sgreatestrainforestsanditislongerthananyriverbuttheNile.Thelungsoftheearth37/85亞馬孫雨林38/8539/8540/85IguassuFalls41/8542/85CorcovadoMountain

科爾科瓦多山43/8544/85StructurePart1(1--)Part2()Part3()45--78Thewriter’sexperiencesinamountainvillageinthecentralareaofBrazil.Thewriter’sreflectionsonhisexperience.Thewriter’sconclusion:Eachculturehashiddentreasurestooffertotherestoftheworld.Asoftenthecaseinanessay,itstartsfromsomethingspecificandthenmovesontoageneralconclusion.45/85FurtherdiscussionDoyouthinkpeoplewhocomefromdifferentculturesareunlikelytounderstandeachother?Arethereculturalconflictsbetweenstudentsfromdifferentregions?Ifso,howdoyousettletheconflicts?46/85DetailedAnalysis

Althoughitmighthavehappenedanywhere,myencounterwiththegreenbananastartedonasteepmountainroadinthecentralareaofBrazil.Whatdoesthe“although-clause”imply?Hecouldhavehisfirstexperiencewithaforeigntreasureanywhereoutsideofhishome.ItjustHAPPENEDtobeinBrazil.Sosayingimpliesthateveryforeignculturehassometreasureswhichremainunknowntooutsiders.47/85ancientoldantique這些形容詞均含“古代，古老”之意。ancient:指很久以前發(fā)生或存在事物。用于描述歷史時(shí)，指遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代。ancient所指時(shí)間普通比old長。old:指長久以來一直存在著事物，與times連用指古代，與days連用時(shí)指從前或舊社會(huì)。antique:指已經(jīng)很古老或頗有古風(fēng)事物，普通都含有較高價(jià)值。DetailedAnalysis

48/85strainup:makeagreatefforttomoveupwardstrain:tryveryhard(vi.&vt.)她豎起耳朵聽,但什么也沒聽見。(vt.)他使勁轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)車輪子,但沒有成功。(vi.)DetailedAnalysis

Shestrainedherears,butnosoundreachedthem.Hestrainedtoturnthewheel,buthecouldn't.49/85WhenandWhileWecanusebothwordstointroducealonger'background'actionorsituation,whichis/wasgoingonwhensomethingelsehappens/happened.Somebodybrokeintothehousewhentheywereplayingcards.Whiletheywereplayingcards,somebodybrokeintothehouse.Notethatwhenandwhileclausescangoatthebeginningorendofsentences.DetailedAnalysis

50/85SimultaneouslongactionsWeusuallyusewhiletosaythattwolongeractionsorsituationsgo/wentonatthesametime.Whileyouwerereadingthepaper,Iwasworking.Ifwearetalkingaboutagesandperiodsoflife,weusewhen:WhenIwasachildwelivedinLondon(NOTWhileIwasachild…)Hisparentsdiedwhenhewastwelve(NOT…whilehewastwelve)DetailedAnalysis

51/85SimultaneousshortactionsWecanuse(just)whentosaythattwoshortactionsoreventshappen/happenedatthesametime:Ithoughtofit(just)whenyouopenedyourmouth.

Whileisnotpossibleinthissituation.ReducedclausesItisoftenpossibletoleaveoutsubject+beafterwhenandwhile:While/WheninGermany,hegottoknowafamilyofmusicians.(=While/WhenhewasinGermany…)

IneverthoughtI'dcrywhen/whilelookingatmyoldpictures.

DetailedAnalysis

52/85leakleakaway漏出escapegraduallythroughanaccidentalhole;逐步失去begraduallylost油滲出來了,因?yàn)橛拖渖嫌袀€(gè)小洞。leakout泄露becomeknownunintentionally沒有些人知道秘密是怎樣泄露出去。leakto將…泄露給…tell(asecret)tosb他把消息泄露給了他朋友。DetailedAnalysis

Theoilleakedawaybecausetherewasasmallholeinthetank.Nobodyknewhowthesecrethadleakedout.Heleakedthenewstohisfriend.53/85DetailedAnalysis

Theover-heatedengineforcedmetostopatthenextvillage,whichconsistedofasmallstoreandascatteringofhouses.bemadeupof;becomposeof由…組成，由…組成聯(lián)合國安理會(huì)是由五個(gè)組員國組成。UNSecurityCouncilconsistsoffivememberstates.主語awhole由……組成/組成賓語partsconsistofbemadeupofbecomposedofbecomprisedofmakeupcomposecompriseformconstitute主語parts組成/組成/形成賓語awhole54/85Theycouldseethreefinestreamsofhotwaterspoutingfromholesinthejacketoftheradiator.fine:verythinorinverysmallpiecesordrops.spout:gushforthinasuddenstreamDetailedAnalysis

55/85assuretotellsomebodythatsomethingissuretohappenorisdefinitelytrue我能夠向你確保，你兒子在這里會(huì)很高興。tomakesth.certaintohappenHardworkhasassuredhissuccess.DetailedAnalysis

Icanassure

youthatyoursonwillbehappyhere.56/85assure;ensure;insureassure

–totellsomebodythatsomethingissuretohappenorisdefinitelytrue使確信；使放心

(~sb.ofsth.;~sb.that…;~sb.todosth.)他要我們放心他有能力處理這個(gè)問題。老師使學(xué)生們相信學(xué)習(xí)英語主要性。DetailedAnalysis

Heassuredusofhisabilitytosolvetheproblem.TheteacherassuredthestudentstoknowtheimportanceoflearningEnglish.57/85ensure–makecertainthatsomethingwilloccurorbethecase確保，擔(dān)保；確保取得(~sth.;~that…)有準(zhǔn)備,成功就有確保。Preparednessensuressuccess.我不能確保他能及時(shí)抵達(dá)這里。insure–保險(xiǎn)

(~sb./sth.against)我給我房子保了火險(xiǎn)Ican'tensurethathewouldbehereintime.DetailedAnalysis

Iinsuredmyhouseagainstfire.58/85workout處理,解答;計(jì)算出becapableofbeingsolved;我不能解答怎么做它。產(chǎn)生結(jié)果;發(fā)展turnoutintheend;developIamgladthatthingsareworkingoutsowellforthem.形勢發(fā)展得對(duì)他們?nèi)绱擞欣?我感到高興。鍛煉doexercise這些運(yùn)動(dòng)員天天都要在體育館鍛煉兩個(gè)小時(shí)。DetailedAnalysis

Ican'tworkouthowtodoit.Theseathletesworkoutatthegymfortwohourseveryday.59/85使筋疲力盡;耗盡exhaustHeneverseemstobeworkedout.他好像永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)疲乏似。了解understandthenatureofsb他這個(gè)人很怪,我摸不透他。作出;制訂出devise;planout;arrangeItwasn'ttoolongbeforewehadworkedoutaplanacceptabletoall.沒多久我們就制訂出一個(gè)大家都能接收計(jì)劃。DetailedAnalysis

Ican'tworkhimout,he'sverystrange.60/85

acasualremarkacasualencounteracasualattitudeacasualinspectionacasualdisregardforrumorscasualwearacasuallaboreracasualacquaintanceacasualcorrespondence

withafriend即席講話邂逅漫不經(jīng)心態(tài)度草率檢驗(yàn)對(duì)流言蜚語毫不在意便裝/休閑裝暫時(shí)工泛泛之交與朋友不定時(shí)通信DetailedAnalysis

61/85Hewasdrivingveryfastbecausehewasignorantofthefactthattherewasaspeedlimit.他因?yàn)椴恢烙袝r(shí)速限制,把車開得很快。(不知道)Heignoredthespeedlimitanddroveveryfast.他不顧時(shí)速限制,把車開得很快。(知道但不注意)DetailedAnalysis

62/85

-ance(-ence):(fromLatin)formingnouns,meaning“theaction,qualityorstateofdoingsth”DetailedAnalysis

63/85DetailedAnalysis

acceptattenddependoccurperformpreferreferassistappeardifferacceptanceattendancedependenceoccurrenceperformancepreferencereferenceassistanceappearancedifference64/85lieliedliedlying說謊

lielaylainlying平躺，位于

laylaidlaidlaying放置，下蛋DetailedAnalysis

65/85Hugerockformations,likeSugarLoafinRio,roseupallaroundusoneofRio'smostfamousattractions;270meters(887feet)highandofferstovisitorsthebestviewofRio,mainlythesunset.RiodeJaneiro里約熱內(nèi)盧--thecapitalofBrazilfrom1822to1960,whenthenationalcapitalwasmovedtoBrasília；thecountry‘ssecondlargestmanufacturingcentre；Notedforitswidestreets,publicbuildings,beaches,andpublicparksandgardens,itisaleadingtouristandresortcentre.66/85“Doyouseethattallonerightoverthere?”askedmybenefactor,pointingtoaparticulartall,slenderpinnacleofdarkrock.“Thatrockmarksthecenteroftheworld.”highpointedrockormountainpeak尖錐形巖石；山峰notverywidebutcomparativelylongorhigh;(ofaperson)slim細(xì)長；苗條他四下看了看，目光最終落在一位身材苗條女孩身上。Helookedaroundandfinallyrestedhiseyesonaslendergirl.67/85He,inturn,inspectedmecarefullytobesureIgraspedthesignificanceofhisstatement.asaresultofsomething轉(zhuǎn)而；反過來理論起源于實(shí)踐，反過來為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。Theoryoriginatesin/from(orcomes/derivesfrom)practice,andinturnservespractice.insuccession;oneafteranother;byturns依次，輪番申請(qǐng)人被依次叫進(jìn)去面見考官。Theapplicantswerecalledinturntoseetheinterviewer.68/85inspecttoexamineclosely仔細(xì)檢驗(yàn)?zāi)呛ｊP(guān)官員頗為懷疑地檢驗(yàn)了我護(hù)照和行李。Thecustomsofficerinspectedmypassportandluggagesuspiciously.tovisitofficiallytoseethatrulesareobeyed,thatworkisdoneproperly,etc視察；檢閱消防安全員定時(shí)視察這座大樓以消除火災(zāi)隱患。Thefire-safetyofficerregularlyinspectsthebuildingsoastoremovethedangersoffire.DetailedAnalysis

69/85inspect,examine,investigate,scrutinize

這四個(gè)詞都有“檢驗(yàn)”“審查”含義。它們之間區(qū)分是:examine為最普通用語,可指任何方式地、粗略或仔細(xì)地檢驗(yàn);inspect和scrutinize都有仔細(xì)檢驗(yàn)含義,前者強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過檢驗(yàn)找出缺點(diǎn)或漏洞,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)在檢驗(yàn)時(shí)注意細(xì)節(jié)審閱。另外examine,inspect,scrutinize既可用于人,又可用于物,而investigate只能用于表示對(duì)情況、事態(tài)等調(diào)查或檢驗(yàn)。Thedetectiveinvestigatingthemurdercaseexaminedthebody,inspectedthesceneofthecrime,andscrutinizedtheweaponforclues.正在調(diào)查這一謀殺案偵探檢驗(yàn)了尸體,察看了犯罪現(xiàn)場,并仔細(xì)檢驗(yàn)了兇器以尋找線索。DetailedAnalysis

70/85HeinturninspectedmecarefullytobesureIgraspedthesignificanceofhisstatement.tounderstand(sth.)fully全方面了解；全方面領(lǐng)會(huì)我想你對(duì)這事情主要性了解得還不夠透徹。Idon’tthinkyou’vequitegraspedthesignificanceofthematter.seize(sb./sth.)firmly;takeadvantageof,notlose抓住；利用graspanopportunity抓住機(jī)會(huì)DetailedAnalysis

71/85DetailedAnalysis

Theoccasiondemandedsomeshowofrecognitiononmypart.

n.specialtimeforsth.onoccasion:nowandthen偶然；有時(shí)Shegoestothecinemaonoccasion.ontheoccasionofsth.:atthetimeofacertainevent

值此...之際Shewasstillabsent-mindedevenontheoccasionofherownwedding.72/85Theoccasiondemandedsomeshowofrecognitiononmypart.(onsb.’spart,onthepartofsb.)madeordonebysb.由某人做出這是我錯(cuò)。Thisismyfault.Thisisthefaultonmypart.這家醫(yī)院醫(yī)護(hù)人員高度責(zé)任感給我留下了深刻印象。Iwasdeeplyimpressedbythehighsenseofresponsibilityonthepartofthedoctorsandnursesin/ofthehospital.DetailedAnalysis

73/85Theyrefilledmyradiatorandgavemeextrabananastotakealongincasemyradiatorshouldgivemetroubleagain.前綴re-

加在名詞或動(dòng)詞前面，組成新名詞或動(dòng)詞1.表示"回"或"向后"意思。比如：return（回來，返回）recall（回想，召回）retract(縮回，取回)2.表示"再"、"重新"、"重復(fù)"意思。比如：review（復(fù)習(xí)）reunion（團(tuán)圓，重聚）restart（重新開始）reconstruction（重建）3.表示"相反"、"反對(duì)"意思。比如：rebel（反叛，謀反）reverse（反轉(zhuǎn)，顛倒）resist（反抗，抵抗）DetailedAnalysis

74/85incase以防；萬一；假如Itisfollowedbythesimplepresent,simplepasttense,or“should”.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上說，若主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，則從句也用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)；主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句也用過去時(shí)態(tài)。Takearaincoatincaseitrains.Igavehimacallincasehedidn’tknow.Idon’tlethimgooutinthisweatherincaseheshouldcatchcold.當(dāng)主句為未來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句謂語不能用未來時(shí)態(tài)，而要用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示未來意義I’llkeepaseatforyouincaseyouchangeyourmind.我給你留一個(gè)座位，以防你會(huì)改變主意。Should:usedtosaythatyoubelievesth.Islikelytohappeninthefuture.DetailedAnalysis

75/85AsaproductofAmericanhighereducation,Ihadneverpaidtheslightestattentiontothegreenbanana,excepttoregarditasafruitwhosetimehadnotyetcome.beaproductofsth(aparticularbackgroundorexperience):(ofapersonorhisquality)tobetypicalofthatbackgroundortheresultofthatexperience.Myfatherisaproductofhistimes----the1960s.(=Myfatherislikeotherpeoplewhogrewupinthe1960s)beaproductofsth:(ofsth)tobetheresultofsthThebookistheproductofthreeyearsresearch.DetailedAnalysis

76/85exceptexcept后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，普通為帶to動(dòng)詞不定式。但假如except前面有謂語動(dòng)詞do或其對(duì)應(yīng)形式時(shí)，后面通常接省略to動(dòng)詞不定式天天瑪麗除了看電視以外什么都不干。Every

day

Mary

does

nothing

except

()

TV.

DetailedAnalysis

watch77/85besides,but,except三者都可表示“除外”，但besides表示一個(gè)累加關(guān)系，意指“除了什么之外，還有……”；而except或but則表示一個(gè)排除關(guān)系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有……”。Besideshiswife，hisdaughteralsowenttoseehim.除他妻子外，他女兒也去看過他(即妻兒女兒都去看過他)。Nobodywenttoseehimexcept[but]hiswife.除他妻子外，沒有一個(gè)人看過他(即只有他妻子去看過他)。注：在否定句中，besides也表示“除……之外不再有……”，與but,except同義。如：Noonepassedtheexambesides[except]Jim.除吉姆外，沒一個(gè)人經(jīng)過考試。DetailedAnalysis

78/85but

與

except二者都可表示“除……外不再有……”，但含義上略有差異：but側(cè)重指意義幾乎完整性，而except則側(cè)重指后面除去部分。比較：Allareherebutone.除一個(gè)人都到了。Allarehereexceptone.