Unit1中國(guó)鐵路發(fā)展定稿市公開課一等獎(jiǎng)省賽課微課金獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

Unit1

RailwayDevelopment

1/42

Teaching

Objectives

ReadingThrough

Unit1

RailwayDevelopmentCONTENTSExercises2/42Studentswillbeableto:getanoverallknowledgeofrailwaydevelopmentinChinamastersomekeywordsandexpressionsinthetextunderstandsomeimportantsentences.Teaching

Objectives3/42ReadingALead-inQuestionsWordsandExpressionsTextLanguagePointsExercisesReadingThrough4/42Leading-inQuestionsBeforereadingthepassage,seehowmuchyouknowaboutrailwaydevelopmentbyansweringthefollowingquestions.1.CanyounamesomeoftheearliestrailwaysinChina?2.Whatdoyouknowabouttherolerailtransportplaysintoday’sChina?5/42Words&ExpressionsWords&ExpressionsmodetransportationtraverseMacau

wagon

trillion

allocatecapacityindigenously

terrain

establishmententitymultipletrackelectrifiedfold

respectively

onaglobalbasis

intermsof

6/42Railtransportisthemostcommonlyusedmodeoflong-distancetransportationinChina.AlmostallrailoperationsarehandledbytheMinistryofRailways,whichispartoftheStateCouncilofChina.Bytheendof,theoperatingrailnetworktraversesthelengthandbreadthofthecountry,coveringatotallengthof91,000km,makingonlytherailnetworksintheUnitedStatesandRussialargerinsize.Asof,ChineseRailwayownedabout603,082wagons,49,355coachesand18,922locomotivesandranmorethan38,000trainsdaily,includingabout3,500passengertrains.Thenetworktodayservesallprovinces,withtheexceptionofthespecialadministrativeregionofMacau.Para.1ChinaRailwayDevelopmentReadingAChinese7/42AsofOctober,theChineseStateCouncilapprovedanewCNY2trillionrailwayinvestmentplantotakeitupto.TheschemeextendedChina'spreviouslyannouncedrailwaybuildingprogram,whichwasallocatedCNY1.25trillionintheEleventhFive-YearPlanforto.Asaresultoftheincreasedinvestment,thecountry'srailwaynetworkgrewfrom78,000kmattheendofto91,000kmattheendof,Growthinfreighttransportwasthoughttobeoneofthedriversbehindtheincreasedfocusonrail,andtheneedtoincreasecapacitytomeetrisingdemand.Para.2ChinaRailwayDevelopmentReadingAChinese8/42ThefirstrailroadtobebuiltinChinawastheWoosungRailwayin1876.By1911,therewerearound9,000kmoftracksinChina.However,manyrailwaysweredesigned,constructed,orevenownedbyforeigncompanies.ThefirstindigenouslydesignedandconstructedrailwaybyChineseistheJingzhangrailwaybuiltfrom1905to1909,adifficultjobduetothemountainousterrain.ThechiefengineerofthisrailwaywasZhanTianyou,whoisknownastheFatherofChina'sRailway.Para.3ChinaRailwayDevelopmentReadingAChinese9/42AftertheestablishmentofnewChina,thenewgovernmentinvestedheavilyintherailwaynetwork.Fromthe1950stothe70s,lines,especiallythoseinwesternChina,wereexpanded.Oneexampleisthe1900kmrailwayfromLanzhoutoUrumqi,whichwasbuiltbetween1952and1962.InSouthwesternChina,severalmountainrailwayswereconstructed,suchastheBaoji-ChengduRailway,builtinthe1950s,andtheChengkunRailway,builtinthe1970s.TherailwaytoXizang(Tibet),theQingzangrailway,wasoneofthemostdifficulttobuild;thelinewasfinallycompletedandopenedtothepublicin.Today,everyprovince-levelentityofChina,withtheexceptionofMacau,isconnectedtotherailwaynetwork.Para.4ChinaRailwayDevelopmentReadingAChinese10/42NotonlyhastheChineserailwaynetworkexpandedinsizesince1949,butithasalsoseengreattechnologicaladvances.From1990to,onaveragesome1,092kmofnewrailways,837kmofmultipletrack,and962kmofelectrifiedrailwayswereopenedtotrafficannually,2.4-fold,1.7-foldand1.8-foldincreasesrespectively

overtheprevious10years.Attheendof,railwaysinoperationreached74,200km,including24,100kmofmultipletrackand18,900kmofelectrifiedrailways.Bytheendof,thetotallengthofChina’soperatingrailwayshasreached110,000kmandisexpectedtogrowto120,000kmbytheendofaccordingtotheDevelopmentPlanofChina’sNationalRailwaysduringthe12thFive-YearPlan.Para.5&6ChinaRailwayDevelopmentReadingAChinese11/42Moreover,ChinanowboaststheNumberOneHigh-speedRailwayNetworkintheworld.Onaglobalbasis,China'srailtransportvolumeisoneoftheworld'slargest,havingsixpercentoftheworld'soperatingrailways,andcarrying25percentoftheworld'stotalrailwayworkload.Chinaalsoleadsintermsof

thegrowthrateoftransportvolumeanduseoftransportequipment.Para.6ChinaRailwayDevelopmentReadingAChinese12/42mode

n.

aparticularwayofdoingsth.交流方式行為模式

amodeofcommunicationamodeofbehavioure.g.environment-friendlymodesoftransport

環(huán)境保護(hù)型運(yùn)輸模式ExercisesLanguagePoints13/42

transportation(transport)

n.

asystemforcarryingpeopleforgoodsfromoneplacetoanotherusingvehicles

公共交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)publictransportatione.g.Thecityisprovidingfreetransportationtothestadiumfromdowntown.本市現(xiàn)在提供從市中心到體育場(chǎng)無償交通。ExercisesLanguagePoints14/42

traverse

v.

(formal)tocrossanareaoflandorwater

e.g.Wetraversethedesertbytruck.我們乘卡車橫穿沙漠。LanguagePointsExercises我走過狹窄人行天橋。Itraversedthenarrowpedestrianbridge.15/42

wagonn.

arailwaytruckforcarryinggoods

e.g.Don’toverloadawagon.不要使貨車裝載過重。LanguagePoints一輛長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)貨車沿著山坡蜿蜒而行。Alongwagontrainissnakingitswayalongtheslope.Exercises16/42

allocatev.

togivesth.officiallytosb./sth.foraparticularpurpose

a.allocable可分配；n.allocation分配

e.g.Theyintendtoallocatemoreplacestomaturestudentsthisyear.

今年他們打算給成人學(xué)生提供更多名額.LanguagePoints已劃撥了一大筆款項(xiàng)給圖書館購置新書.Alargesumofmoneyhasbeenallocatedforbuyingnewbooksforthelibrary.Exercises17/42

capacityn.

theabilitytounderstandortodosth.能力

vt.capacitate使能夠

e.g.Limitedresourcesarerestrictingourcapacityfordevelopingnewproducts.

有限資源正制約著我們開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品能力.LanguagePoints她尤其能吃苦耐勞.Shehasanenormouscapacityforhardwork.Exercises18/42

indigenouslyadv.

belongingtoaparticularplaceratherthancomingtoitfromsomewhereelse

e.g.GiantpandaisindigenouslylivinginChina.大熊貓?jiān)a(chǎn)于中國(guó)。LanguagePointsa.indigenous本土，當(dāng)?shù)豬ndigenously-developed自主研發(fā)19/42

terrainn.

anareaoflandaboutitsnaturalfeatures

e.g.Hehadmadeadetailedstudyoftheterrain.他對(duì)地形做了縝密研究。LanguagePoints多山地形Exercisesmountainousterrain20/42

establishmentn.

theactofstartingorcreatingsth.

e.g.theestablishmentofdiplomaticrelationsbetweenthecountries國(guó)家間外交關(guān)系建立LanguagePoints講話人宣告了新學(xué)院成立。Thespeakerannouncedtheestablishmentofanewcollege.Exercises21/42

entityn.

(formal)sth.thatexistsseparatelyfromotherthingsandhasitsownidentity

e.g.Thesecountriescannolongerbeviewedasasingleentity.這些國(guó)家不能再被看成是一個(gè)單獨(dú)實(shí)體。LanguagePoints作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立法律實(shí)體，企業(yè)必須納稅。Asaseparatelegalentity,corporationsmustpaytaxes.Exercises22/42electrifiedadj.

tomakesth.workbyusingelectricityLanguagePoints這條鐵路在20世紀(jì)50年代就實(shí)現(xiàn)了電氣化。Therailwaylinewaselectrifiedinthe1950s.23/42-foldsuffix.

multipliedbye.g.Bythelateeighties,theirnumberhadgrownfourfold.到八十年代末時(shí)候，他們數(shù)量已是原來四倍。LanguagePoints稅前利潤(rùn)幾乎漲到了原來12倍。Pretaxprofitsurgedalmosttwelvefold.Exercises24/42respectivelyadv.

inthesameorderasthepeopleorthingsalreadymentionede.g.JulieandMark,aged17and19respectively.朱莉和馬克，年紀(jì)分別為17歲和19歲。LanguagePointsTworespectableteachersenteredtheirofficesrespectively..Exercises兩位值得尊敬老師進(jìn)入各自辦公室。25/42

intermsof

usedwhenyouarereferringtoaparticularaspectofsth.

e.g.Whatdoesitmeanintermsofcost?這在成本上意味著什么？LanguagePointsExercisesItcan’tbemeasuredintermsofmoney.這是不能用金錢衡量。26/421.鐵路運(yùn)輸是中華人民共和國(guó)使用最普遍長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸方式。作為中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院政府部門，鐵道部負(fù)責(zé)幾乎全部鐵路運(yùn)行。到年底，中國(guó)鐵路運(yùn)行網(wǎng)橫貫全國(guó)，總里程到達(dá)91,000公里，使之成為繼美國(guó)和俄羅斯之后規(guī)模第三大鐵路網(wǎng)。年，中國(guó)鐵路擁有約603，082輛貨車，49,355節(jié)車廂，18,922輛機(jī)車，每日運(yùn)行38,000次列車，包含約3，500列旅客列車。除了澳門尤其行政區(qū)之外，現(xiàn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)全部省份。譯文中國(guó)鐵路發(fā)展ReadingA27/422.年10月，中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院同意了實(shí)施到年一個(gè)新規(guī)模到達(dá)2萬億元鐵路投資方案。這一新計(jì)劃擴(kuò)大了以前宣告至年第十一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃期間投資額達(dá)1.25萬億元鐵路建造計(jì)劃。因?yàn)橥顿Y增加，中國(guó)鐵路網(wǎng)已經(jīng)由年年底78,000公里增加到年年底91,000公里，而且預(yù)計(jì)到年年底會(huì)增加到110,000公里。據(jù)認(rèn)為在政府日益重視鐵路發(fā)展背后，貨物運(yùn)輸量增加是一大動(dòng)因，還有就是需要增加運(yùn)力滿足增加需求。譯文中國(guó)鐵路發(fā)展ReadingA28/423.中國(guó)建造首條鐵路是1876年建吳淞鐵路。到了1911年，中國(guó)擁有9,000公里鐵軌，然而，那時(shí)鐵路都是有外國(guó)企業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，建造，甚至擁有。第一條由中國(guó)人自己設(shè)計(jì)建造鐵路是1905至1909年修建京張線，因?yàn)槎嗌降匦危@是十分艱巨一項(xiàng)工程。此線總工程師是被譽(yù)為中國(guó)鐵路之父詹天佑。譯文中國(guó)鐵路發(fā)展ReadingA29/424.中華人民共和國(guó)成立之后，新政府大力投資鐵路網(wǎng)建設(shè)。從50年代到70年代，尤其是位于中國(guó)西部鐵路線擴(kuò)長(zhǎng)了。修建于1952年至1962年長(zhǎng)達(dá)1900公里蘭州至烏魯木齊線就是其中一例。在地勢(shì)險(xiǎn)峻西南，修建了好幾條穿越大山鐵路線，有50年代建寶成線，有70年代建成昆線。青藏線是難度最大，這條線最終于年建成開行。現(xiàn)在，除了澳門之外，全部省份都連接在了這一龐大鐵路網(wǎng)內(nèi)。譯文中國(guó)鐵路發(fā)展ReadingA30/425-6.不但中國(guó)鐵路網(wǎng)自49年以來得到了擴(kuò)大，中國(guó)也在鐵路技術(shù)方面取得了巨大進(jìn)步。從1990到年，平均每年有約1，092公里新線，837公里多軌鐵路，以及962公里電氣化鐵路開行，較之于前十年分別增加了2.4,1.7和1.8倍。年底，運(yùn)行鐵路里程到達(dá)74,200公里，包含24,100公里多軌線和18,900公里電氣化線。.到年底，中國(guó)運(yùn)行鐵路總里程已經(jīng)到達(dá)110,000公里，依據(jù)十二五期間國(guó)家鐵路發(fā)展計(jì)劃，預(yù)計(jì)到年底總里程將達(dá)120,000公里。譯文中國(guó)鐵路發(fā)展ReadingA31/426.中國(guó)現(xiàn)在已驕傲地建成世界第一大高鐵網(wǎng)絡(luò)。從全球來看，中國(guó)鐵路運(yùn)量位于世界上最前列，擁有世界6%運(yùn)行里程，占25%世界運(yùn)輸總量。另外，中國(guó)在運(yùn)量增加和運(yùn)輸設(shè)備使用上也遙遙領(lǐng)先。譯文中國(guó)鐵路發(fā)展ReadingA32/42TaskIITaskIVExercisesTaskITaskIII33/42()1.InChina,almostallrailtransportishandledbythegovernment.()2.ThefirstrailroadinChinadidnotexistuntiltheestablishmentofNewChina.()3.ZhanTianYouwasagreatrailwayengineerinChina.()4.China'srailtransportvolumeisoneoftheworld'slargest,havingsixpercentoftheworld'soperatingrailways,andcarrying25percentoftheworld'stotalrailwayworkload.()5.Chinarailwayisdevelopingveryquicklytomeetthedemandofitseconomicdevelopment.

F

TTI.Decidewetherthefollowingstatementstrueorfalse.

TrueorFalse

T

T34/42II.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

1.Railtransportisthemostcommonlyusedmodeoflong-distancetransportationinChina.鐵路運(yùn)輸是中國(guó)最慣用長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸方式。2.ThechiefengineerofthisrailwaywasZhanTianyou,whoisknownastheFatherofChina'sRailway.這條鐵路總工程師是詹天佑，他被譽(yù)為“中國(guó)鐵路之父”。

Translation35/42II.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

3.NotonlyhastheChineserailwaynetworkexpandedinsizesince1949,butithasalsoseengreattechnologicaladvances.自1949年以來，中國(guó)鐵路不但規(guī)模擴(kuò)大，而且也見證了巨大技術(shù)進(jìn)步。4.AftertheestablishmentofnewChina,thenewgovernmentinvestedheavilyintherailwaynetwork.中華人民共和國(guó)成立之后，新政府大力投資鐵路網(wǎng)建設(shè)。Translation36/42II.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

5.Chinaalsoleadsintermsofthegrowthrateoftransportvolumeanduseoftransportequipment.中國(guó)在運(yùn)力增加及運(yùn)輸設(shè)備使用方面遙遙領(lǐng)先。Translation37/42

InChina,almostallrail_______________arehandledbytheMinistryofRailways..Growthin___________________isthoughttobeoneofthedriversbehindtheincreasedfocusonrail.AftertheestablishmentofnewChina,thegovernmentinvestedheavilyintherailway_______________.Inthe1950sand1960s,severalmountainrailwayswere__________________.

transportfreighttransportnetworkconstructedIII.Fillintheblankswithappropriatewordsandexpressions.Fillintheblanks38/423.NotonlyhastheChineserailwaynetworkexpan