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第=page11頁,共=sectionpages11頁2023-2024學(xué)年河北省衡水市武強中學(xué)高二(下)期中英語試卷一、閱讀理解:本大題共15小題,共37.5分。AAsanoldsayinginChinagoes,"ThedaysoftheSanjiuperiodarethecoldestdays."Sanjiuperiod,whichisinMinorCold,referstothethirdnine-dayperiod(the19thtothe27thday)afterthedayoftheWinterSolstice(冬至).TherearemanydifferentcustomsrelatedtoMinorColdinChina.
Eatinghotpot
DuringMinorColdpeopleshouldeatsomehotfoodtobenefitthebodyanddefendagainstthecoldweather.Winteristhebesttimetohavehotpotandbraisedmuttonwithsoysauce.Butitisimportanttonoticethattoomuchspicyfoodmaycausehealthproblems.
Eatinghuangyacai
InTianjin,thereisacustomtohavehuangyacai,akindofChinesecabbage,duringMinorCold.TherearelargeamountsofvitaminsandBinhuangyacai.Ashuangyacaiisfreshandtender,itisfitforfrying,roastingandbraising.
Eatingglutinousrice(糯米飯)
Accordingtotradition,theCantoneseeatglutinousriceinthemorningduringMinorCold.Cantonesepeopleaddsomefriedpreservedpork,sausagesandpeanutsandmixthemintotherice.
Eatingvegetablerice
Inancienttimes,peopleinNanjingtookMinorColdquiteseriously,butastimewentby,thecelebrationofMinorColdgraduallydisappeared.However,thecustomofeatingvegetablericeisstillfollowedtoday.Thericeissteamedandisunspeakablydelicious.Amongtheingredients(原料),aijiaohuang(kindofgreenvegetable),sausagesandsaltedduckarethespecialtiesinNanjing.1.WhatdoweknowaboutMinorCold?______A.ItreferstotheWinterSolstice.
B.TheSanjiuperiodisinthisperiod.
C.Itlaststwenty-sevendays.
D.Itmarksthefirstdayofwinter.2.WhatisaspecialcustominTianjininMinorCold?______A.Eatinghotpot. B.HavingvitaminAandBpills.
C.Havinghuangyacai D.Buyingcabbage.3.Thistextmaybetakenfromthe______columnofanewspaper.A.travel B.culture C.fashion D.scienceBTwomenweresittingtogetherinaplane.Theywereonalongjourney.Oneofthemenwasabusinessman.Theotherwasafarmer.Theysatwithouttalkingforawhile,thenthefarmersaid,"Let'sdosomethingtopassthetime."
"Whatdoyouwanttodo?"thebusinessmanasked."Wecanaskeachotherriddles(謎語)."Thefarmersaid,"Youstart.""Let'smaketherulesfirst,"thebusinessmansaid."That'snotfair.Youareabusinessmanwithmuchknowledge.YouknowmorethingsthanIdo.Iamjustafarmer."
"That'strue."Thebusinessmansaid."Whatdoyouwantweshoulddo?""Ifyoudon'tknowtheanswertoariddle,youpayme$100.AndifIdon'tknowtheanswer,I'llpayyou$50."Thefarmersaid.Thebusinessmanthoughtaboutthis,thenhesaid,"OK.That'sfair.Whowillgofirst?"
"Iwill,"Thefarmersaid."Hereismyriddle.Whathasthreelegswhenitwalks,butonlytwolegswhenitflies?"Thebusinessmanrepeatedtheriddle,"Whathasthreelegswhenitwalks,butonlytwolegswhenitflies?Mm,that'sagoodone.I'mafraidIdon'tknowtheanswer."Hegavethefarmer$100,thensaid,"Tellmetheanswer.Whathasthreelegswhenitwalks,butonlytwolegswhenitflies?""Idon'tknow."Thefarmersaidandgavehim$50.4.Thestoryhappened______.A.onafarm B.inashop
C.beforealongplanejourney D.betweentwopassengers5.Thefarmersuggesteddoingsomethingjustto______.A.killtimeonthelongjourney B.makemoney
C.showhewassmarter D.makefunofthebusinessman6.Whydidthebusinessmanagreetogivemoremoneyifhelost?______A.Hemademuchmoremoneythanthefarmer.
B.Hethoughtheknewmorethanthefarmer.
C.Hewasinterestedinmakingriddles.
D.Hewasbetteratplayingriddlegames.7.Thefarmer______.A.enjoyedhimselfonhislongjourney
B.didn'twanttopayevenonedollar
C.spentallhismoneyontheplaneticket
D.wonfiftydollarsbyplayingtheriddlegameC"Don'tgetdirty!"wasonceoftenshoutedbyparentsangrilywatchingtheirchildrenruintheirbestclothes.Itwasunavoidablethatchildren'swhiteswouldturnbrownbeforethedaywasover.
Today,manyparentsmaysecretlywishtheirchildrenhadthechancetopickupabitofdirt.Withtheriseofcitylife,andtheattractionofvideogamesandsocialmedia,contactwithnatureismuchlessthaninthepast.Formany,thereissimplynoopportunitytogetmuddy.Accordingtorecentresearch,thedirtoutsideisteamingwithfriendlymicroorganisms(微生物)thatcantraintheimmune(免疫的)systemandbuildthebodyagainstillnesses,suchasanxiety.
Thesefindingsshowthatoutdoorexerciseisnotonlybeneficialbecauseofthechancetorunaroundfree—butthatcertainnaturalmaterials,suchassoilandmud,alsohavepowerfulmicroorganismswhichhavepositiveeffectonchildren'shealth.Outdoorplaycanalsooffervaluablelearningexperiences.Forexample,theactofrubbingandshapingmaterialslikemudorsandcanhelpchildrendeveloptheirsensesandmovement.
Suchactivities—awayfromthehouseorclassroom—mayalsohelpchildrentofindwaystodealwithemotionsthatmaybehardtoexploreinotherenvironments.So-called"SandtrayTherapy(沙盤療法)",whichincludesusingsandtoexpressone'sthoughtsandfeelings,isanacceptedformofguidanceforchildrenwhoarestrugglingtospeakouttheirinneremotions.
Surprisingly,peoplewhospentmostoftheirchildhoodinthecountrysideshowabetterreplytostressfuleventslikepublicspeakingcomparedwiththosewhogrewupincities."Thepeoplewhogrewupincitiesarekindof'walkingtimebombs'whenfacingthestresswemeettoday.However,peoplewhohavespentlotsoftimeinnaturesincechildhoodaregenerallystrongerinrecoveryandmorepositive."saysChristopherLowry,aprofessorofUniversityofColoradoBoulder.8.What'stheauthor'spurposeofwritingparagraph1?______?A.Tointroducethetopic. B.Toshareanopinion.
C.Totellafunnystory. D.Todescribecharacters.9.Whatisabenefitofoutdoorexercise?______?A.Gaininglearningexperiences. B.Experiencingtheinneremotions.
C.Changingtheimmunesystem. D.Discoveringmoremicroorganisms.10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"walkingtimebombs"inthelastparagraphmean?______?A.Peoplewhooftenarrivelate.
B.Peopledoingharmtothepublic.
C.Peoplewhoareweakunderstress.
D.Peoplestayingpositiveandpowerful.11.Inwhichpartofawebsitecanyoufindthetext?______?A.Culture. B.Health. C.Economy. D.Technology.DAshortperiodofsleeptakenduringthedayisknownasanap.Napsdon'tjusthavebenefitsforadultsatwork,though.Theycouldalsohelppupilstomakethemostoftheirschoolday.Studieshaveshownthata20to30-minute"beautysleep"makespeoplemorealertandfocused.Thisimprovespeople'sabilitytoremembernewinformation,whichwouldhelpschoolchildrenconcentrateduringlessons.Expertssaythatnappingalsoimprovesbrainfunctions,suchasmemoryandtheabilitytocompletedifficulttasks.
Theschooldaystartsearly,whichmeansthatpupilsdon'talwaysgetenoughsleepbecausethere'snochancetohavealie-in(睡懶覺.Addingnaptimeduringtheschooldaywouldhelpexhaustedpupilstomakeupforanysleepthey'velostfromgettingupsoearly.
Therearelong-termbenefitstotakingashortnap,too.AccordingtoarecentstudyfromUniversityCollegeLondon,thebrainsofpeoplewhohaveregularnapsarebiggerthanthosewhodon't.People'sbrainsnaturallyshrink(萎縮)whentheygrowold,andtheresultsshowedthatlittlesleepscanhelppeople'sbrainstoagemoreslowly.
Althoughanapcanseemlikeagoodidea,goingtosleepfortoolongcanactuallymakeyoufeelworse.It'snotverypleasanttowakeupfromadaytimenapfeelingconfusedandsleepy.Nappingduringthedaycanalsohaveanegativeimpactonhowwellyousleepatnight.Thiscancreateacycleofnotbeingabletosleepwellatnight,leavingyoufeelingevenmoretiredinthedaytime.SleepexpertDrCleteKushidasaid,"It'sgenerallyrecommendedtomaximize(最大化)sleepatnight."
Anotherconsiderationisthattherereallyisn'ttimeintheschooldayforpupilstogotosleep.Someparentsandteachersareconcernedthatitwouldcausechildrentomisstoomuchlessontime.Pupilsmighttakeadvantageofthesystemandusetheirneedforanapasanexcusetogetoutoflessons.
So,whatdoyouthink?Shouldschoolallowkidstohavenaps,orshouldyouwaituntiltheeveningtocatchuponyoursleep?12.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A.childrenneedmorenapsthanadultsdo
B.napsimprovememory,efficiencyandbeauty
C.bothchildrenandadultsareinneedofnaps
D.napscanbringmorebenefitstochildrenthantoadults13.Accordingtothepassage,nappingfortoolongisnotadvisablebecause______.A.itmayaffectahealthiercycleofsleep
B.schoolkidswillfeeltooexcitedtowakeup
C.itcan'tmakeupforthesleeplostfromwakingupearly
D.itextendstheschooldayforkidstohaveenoughlessons14.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbelearnedabouttakingnapsaccordingtothepassage?______A.It'sbetterforbabiestohaveasmanydaytimenapsaspossible.
B.Regularnapscanslowthespeedofbrainsshrinkingwithage.
C.There'snoneedtohavenightsleepifonehasenoughnaps.
D.Differentfromteachers,parentswanttheirkidstohavenaptimes.15.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?______A.ShouldSchoolsHaveNaptimes?
B.HowCouldSleepBenefitKids?
C.AreKidsLosingTooMuchSleep?
D.DoYouGetEnoughDaytimeSleep?二、閱讀七選五:本大題共5小題,共12.5分。"WhatshouldIlearntostayexcellent?"(1)______,butitisstillworththinking—bothfortheprofessionalbenefitsandthecompletejoyoflearningsomethingnew.Hereisalookatsomeskillsthatwillsurelybenefityou.
Self-management
Self-managementisyourabilitytomanagebehaviors,thoughtsandemotions.Itisawaythatbetterservesyouandyourwork.Rulesofself-managementusuallyinclude:Howtocreateandkeepacalendar;(2)______;Howtodoaweeklyreview;Howtofocusdeeply.
Logicandreasoning
Logicalthinkingcanbeextremelypowerfulformakingbetterdecisionsandsolvingproblems.However,mostofusreceivelittletraininginthisareainschool.(3)______.
Howtodoexercise
Youcanjustpickanactivityyouenjoyanddoitregularly.Trydifferentthingsandseewhatyouenjoy.(4)______.Thebestprogramistheoneyou'llactuallyholdonto.
(5)______
Knowinghowtofixthingsaroundyourhouseorapartmentiswonderful.Insteadofhavingtowaithoursordaysforotherstofixit,youcandosoimmediately.Anddoingyourownrepairscansaveyoulotsofmoney.Youcanbuyabasictoolkit.Andwhenyoumeetsomekindofproblemwithyourplace,seeifyoucanfigureouthowtofixitontheInternet.
A.It'sadifficultquestiontoanswer
B.Howtomakeanduseato-dolist
C.Howtoperformbasichomerepairs
D.There'sabitmoretoitthanthat
E.Soit'sworthspendingsometimelearninghowtothinklogically
F.Andrememberthatthere'snosuchathingasthe"best"exerciseprogram
G.Buthavinglogicalthinkinginyourmental"toolbox"canbeveryuseful16.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空:本大題共15小題,共15分。Mydadiseasy-goingandhasagiftforchatting.He(1)______afastfoodrestaurantcalledQueenie'sWeenies,whichisspecializedinhotdogs.Iworkwithmydadatthe(2)______onweekends.
OneSaturday,wewent(3)______.Aswegotintothecheckoutline,I(4)______something:ourcashier(收銀員)wasvery(5)______!She(6)______nosmiles,nogreetingsandnosmalltalk.Her"angeraura(光環(huán))"wasobviousandkindof(7)______tome.Whenwe(8)______tocheckout,Iwasthinkingthatweshouldjustpayforourthingsandleavequickly.Mydadhadadifferent(9)______.Whenitwasourturn,hestarted(10)______her.
Dadsaid,"Hi,howareyoutoday?Thisismyson.Ihavearestaurant,andwe(11)______together.It'scalledQueenie'sWeenies.DropbymyrestaurantsometimeandIwill(12)______youtomyhotdogs.I'mgoodatcookingthem."Bythetimewe(13)______checkingout,thecashierwassmiling.Shesaid,"Thanks,umm…Ihopeyouandyoursonhaveaveryniceday."
Backinthecar,Dadsaidtome,"Thecashierwasobviously(14)______today.Ithappenstoeveryone.Smile(15)______orgiveafewkindwords,whichisallittakestomakeonealittlemoredelighted."21.A.owns B.describes C.visits D.recommends22.A.supermarket B.hospital C.restaurant D.company23.A.hiking B.camping C.exploring D.shopping24.A.imagined B.believed C.noticed D.remembered25.A.beautiful B.unhappy C.professional D.polite26.A.received B.needed C.avoided D.offered27.A.suitable B.frightening C.special D.friendly28.A.helped B.refused C.waited D.forgot29.A.problem B.idea C.hope D.experience30.A.talkingto B.lookingafter C.goingafter D.laughingat31.A.work B.play C.tour D.exercise32.A.drive B.tie C.treat D.lead33.A.quitted B.finished C.missed D.regretted34.A.inpeace B.indanger C.inahurry D.inlowspirits35.A.warmly B.immediately C.secretly D.comfortably四、語法填空:本大題共1小題,共15分。36.Chinaisthehomeoftea.Sinceancienttimes,tea(1)______(become)partofChineseculture,leavingitssmellinpoemsandcustoms.Manytealoversenjoyteanotonlyforitstaste,(2)______forthebeautyofteaceremonies.
(3)______(traditional),pickingtealeavesisanimportantactivityinspringinSouthChina.Theearliestbatch(批)ofteaisoftenreadytobepickedbeforeQingming,inearlyApril(4)______thetemperaturebeginstoriseandrainincreases.Thiskindoftea,calledMingqiantea,is(5)______(high)praisedforitsgoodquality.
EastChina'sZhejiangprovinceisconsideredas(6)______majorproduceroftea.WhiteTeainHuzhoucity'sAnjicountyandWestLakeLongjingTeainHangzhouarefamousinbothChinaandabroad.Inspring,localhillsofthoseplacesarefilledwithteaworkers(7)______(work)ontheirland.Inthebusyseasons,(8)______(tourist)fromdifferentareasofthecountrytravelthere(9)______(see)thesightsofteafarmsandenjoyafreshlypreparedcupoftea.
Thousandsofyearsago,bythehandsoftheChinesepeople,aleaf(10)______(make)intoadeliciousdrink.IthastraveledalongwayandcontinuestoplayaroleinChineseculture.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書面表達:本大題共2小題,共40分。37.假定你是李華,最近聽說美國朋友Mike體弱易病,你給Mike寫信,建議他要加強鍛煉來強身健體。
要點包括:
(1)鍛煉的重要性;
(2)提出鍛煉建議。
注意:
(1)詞數(shù)80左右;
(2)可適當(dāng)增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫;
(3)信的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好,不計入字數(shù)。
DearMike,
Sorrytoknowthatyoufeelweakandoftenfallill.Iamwritingtogiveyousomeadvice.______
Isincerelyhopeyoucanbuildupstrengthbytakingexercise.
Yours,LiHua38.Acouple,whomweshallcallJohnandMary,hadanicehomeandtwolovelychildren.Oneday,JohnandMarydecidedtogoonatriptoanothercity,sotheyfoundakindwomantolookafterthechildrenandleft.
Severaldayslater,theyreturnedhomealittleearlierthantheyhadpanned.Astheydrovebacktotheirhometown,JohnandMarynoticedsmokeandwenttoseewhatitwas.Theyfoundahousewasonfire."Oh,well,itisn'tourhouse.Let'sgohome,"Marysaid.
ButJohndrovecloserandscreamedinsurprise,"That'sJordan'shome.Heworksinafactory.Hewouldn'tbeoffworkyet.Maybethereissomethingwecandotohelp."
"Ithasnothingtodowithus,"criedMary."Youhaveyourgoodclotheson,solet'snotgetanycloser."
Johndidn'tlistentoMary.Hedroveupandstopped.Theywerebothshockedtoseethewholehousewasonfire.Awomanwascryingintheyard,"Thechildren!Getthechildren!"
Johnseizedherbytheshoulderandshoutedtoher,"Don'tcry!Tellmewherethechildrenare!""Inthebasement(地下室),"criedthewoman,"downthehallandtotheleft."
Johnusedwatertogethisclotheswetandputawettowelonhisheadbeforerushingtothebasement.Thehousewasfullofsmokeandfire,anditwasverydifficultforhimtofindthechildren.Buthemadeit.Heheldoneundereacharm.Asheleft,hecouldhearsomemorecrying.Hetookthetwokidsoutofthehouseandintothefreshair,andthenaskedthewomenhowmanymorechildrenwerestilldownthere.
注意:1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;
2.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段,每段的開頭語已為你寫好,請按照如下格式在答題卡相應(yīng)位置作答;
Paragraph1:
Thewomantoldhimthereweretwomore.________
Paragraph2:
Ashetookthemout,hefeltsomethingstrangelyfamiliaraboutthelittlebodies.__________
答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、C、B【解析】(1)B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"'Sanjiuperiod'?,whichisinMinorCold"????("三九時期",處于小寒期)可知,三九在小寒節(jié)氣內(nèi),故選B.
(2)C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"InTianjin,thereisacustomtohavehuangyacai,akindofChinesecabbage,duringMinorCold."?????????????(在天津,有一個風(fēng)俗,在小寒的時候吃黃鴨菜,一種大白菜)可知,天津人在小寒節(jié)氣里吃黃芽菜,故C.
(3)B.文章出處題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容,特別是第一段中的"TherearemanydifferentcustomsrelatedtoMinorColdinChina."??????????(在中國有許多與輕微感冒有關(guān)的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣)可知,本文介紹了在中國與小寒節(jié)氣有關(guān)的習(xí)俗,屬于文化范疇,最有可能出自報紙的文化欄目,A.travel旅行;B.culture文化;C.fashion時尚;D.science科學(xué)。故選B.
本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了在中國的不同地區(qū)與小寒節(jié)氣有關(guān)的習(xí)俗。
1.直接信息題:
直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息,選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。
2.間接信息題:
間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息,但在語言表達上與原文有差異,做題時需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換。
3.綜合信息題:
綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話,可能是原文的幾句話,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析,而不能斷章取義。4~7.【答案】D、A、B、D【解析】(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的Twomenweresittingtogetherinaplane.Theywereonalongjourney(兩個人一起坐在飛機上。他們在進行一次長途旅行),可知這個故事發(fā)生在兩名乘客之間,故選D。
(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的Theysatwithouttalkingforawhile,thenthefarmersaid,"Let'sdosomethingtopassthetime"(他們坐了一會兒沒說話,然后農(nóng)夫說:"我們做點什么來打發(fā)時間吧"),可知農(nóng)夫建議做點什么只是為了在長途旅行中消磨時間,故選A。
(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的That'snotfair.Youareabusinessmanwithmuchknowledge.YouknowmorethingsthanIdo.Iamjustafarmer(這不公平。你是一個知識淵博的商人。你知道的比我多。我只是一個農(nóng)民)和第三段的"That'strue."Thebusinessmansaid."Whatdoyouwantweshoulddo?""Ifyoudon'tknowtheanswertoariddle,youpayme$100.AndifIdon'tknowtheanswer,I'llpayyou$50."Thefarmersaid.Thebusinessmanthoughtaboutthis,thenhesaid,"OK.That'sfair.Whowillgofirst?"("這是真的。"商人說。"你想讓我們做什么?"""如果你不知道一個謎語的答案,你就付我100美元。如果我不知道答案,我就付你50美元。"農(nóng)夫說。商人想了想,然后說:"好吧。這是公平的。誰先問?"),可知商人同意如果他輸了就給更多的錢是因為他自以為比農(nóng)夫懂得多,故選B。
(4)數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)最后一段的Thebusinessmanrepeatedtheriddle,"Whathasthreelegswhenitwalks,butonlytwolegswhenitflies?Mm,that'sagoodone.I'mafraidIdon'tknowtheanswer."Hegavethefarmer$100,thensaid,"Tellmetheanswer.Whathasthreelegswhenitwalks,butonlytwolegswhenitflies?""Idon'tknow."Thefarmersaidandgavehim$50(商人又重復(fù)了一遍謎語:"什么東西走路有三條腿,飛起來卻只有兩條腿?嗯,這是個好問題??峙挛也恢来鸢?。"他給了農(nóng)夫100美元,然后說:"告訴我答案。什么東西走路時有三條腿,但飛行時只有兩條腿?""我不知道。"農(nóng)夫說著給了他50美元),可知這個農(nóng)民玩謎語游戲贏了五十美元($100-$50),故選D。
這是一篇記敘文,講述了一個農(nóng)民和一個商人猜謎的故事。
做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍,做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析,結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。8~11.【答案】A、A、C、B【解析】(1)目的意圖題。根據(jù)第一段"Don'tgetdirty!"wasonceoftenshoutedbyparentsangrilywatchingtheirchildrenruintheirbestclothes.Itwasunavoidablethatchildren'swhiteswouldturnbrownbeforethedaywasover.("別弄臟了!"看到孩子們弄臟自己最好的衣服,父母們常常憤怒地喊出這句話。孩子們的白色衣服在一天結(jié)束之前就會變成棕色,這是不可避免的。)以及第二段Today,manyparentsmaysecretlywishtheirchildrenhadthechancetopickupabitofdirt.Withtheriseofcitylife,andtheattractionofvideogamesandsocialmedia,contactwithnatureismuchlessthaninthepast.(今天,許多父母可能暗自希望他們的孩子有機會撿起一點污垢。隨著城市生活的興起,以及電子游戲和社交媒體的吸引,與大自然的接觸比過去少了很多。)可推知,作者寫第一段的目的是引出話題。故選A。
(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Outdoorplaycanalsooffervaluablelearningexperiences.(戶外活動也能提供寶貴的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗。)可知,戶外運動的好處是獲得學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗。故選A。
(3)詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文Thepeoplewhogrewupincitiesarekindof(在城市長大的人有點)以及后文However,peoplewhohavespentlotsoftimeinnaturesincechildhoodaregenerallystrongerinrecoveryandmorepositive.(然而,從小就在大自然中度過大量時間的人通?;謴?fù)得更強,也更積極。)可知,從小就在大自然中度過大量時間的人通?;謴?fù)得更強,也更積極,那么反過來在城市長大的人因為壓力很大,所以變得虛弱。故劃線詞意思是"人們在壓力下變得虛弱"。故選C。
(4)文章出處題。根據(jù)第二段Accordingtorecentresearch,thedirtoutsideisteamingwithfriendlymicroorganisms(微生物)thatcantraintheimmune(免疫的)systemandbuildthebodyagainstillnesses,suchasanxiety.(根據(jù)最近的研究,室外的污垢與友好的微生物結(jié)合在一起,可以訓(xùn)練免疫系統(tǒng),增強身體對疾病的抵抗力,比如焦慮。)結(jié)合文章主要說明了研究表明,戶外運動有許多好處,與在城市長大的人相比,童年大部分時間在農(nóng)村度過的人往往對公眾演講等壓力大的事件表現(xiàn)出更好的反應(yīng)??赏浦恼逻x自網(wǎng)站的"健康"部分。故選B。
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究表明,戶外運動有許多好處,與在城市長大的人相比,童年大部分時間在農(nóng)村度過的人往往對公眾演講等壓力大的事件表現(xiàn)出更好的反應(yīng)。
考查說明文。做題時要通讀全文,把握大意,然后結(jié)合題干及選項做出正確的選擇。12~15.【答案】C、A、B、A【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Napsdon'tjusthavebenefitsforadultsatwork,though.Theycouldalsohelppupilstomakethemostoftheirschoolday.(不過,午睡不僅僅對工作中的成年人有好處。它們還可以幫助學(xué)生充分利用他們的上學(xué)時間)可推知,兒童和成人都同樣需要午睡。故選C。
(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段Althoughanapcanseemlikeagoodidea,goingtosleepfortoolongcanactuallymakeyoufeelworse.It'snotverypleasanttowakeupfromadaytimenapfeelingconfusedandsleepy.Nappingduringthedaycanalsohaveanegativeimpactonhowwellyousleepatnight.Thiscancreateacycleofnotbeingabletosleepwellatnight,leavingyoufeelingevenmoretiredinthedaytime.(雖然打個盹似乎是個好主意,但睡太久實際上會讓你感覺更糟。從白天的小睡中醒來感到困惑和困倦并不是很愉快。白天打盹也會對你晚上的睡眠質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生負面影響。這會造成一個晚上睡不著的循環(huán),讓你在白天感覺更累)可知,午睡太久是不可取的,因為可能會影響更健康的睡眠周期。故選A。
(3)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段People'sbrainsnaturallyshrink(萎縮)whentheygrowold,andtheresultsshowedthatlittlesleepscanhelppeople'sbrainstoagemoreslowly.(隨著年齡的增長,人的大腦會自然萎縮,研究結(jié)果表明,午睡可以幫助人們的大腦更慢地衰老)可知,規(guī)律的午睡可以減緩大腦隨著年齡增長而萎縮的速度。故選B。
(4)標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段So,whatdoyouthink?Shouldschoolallowkidstohavenaps,orshouldyouwaituntiltheeveningtocatchuponyoursleep?(那么,你覺得呢?學(xué)校應(yīng)該允許孩子們午睡,還是應(yīng)該等到晚上再補覺?)結(jié)合文章主要說明了研究表明,午睡可以提高人們記憶新信息的能力,這將有助于學(xué)生在課堂上集中注意力,且有長期的好處,但不建議午睡太久,因為會影響更健康的睡眠周期??芍?,A選項"學(xué)校應(yīng)該有午睡時間嗎?"最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。
這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究表明,午睡可以提高人們記憶新信息的能力,這將有助于學(xué)生在課堂上集中注意力,且有長期的好處,但不建議午睡太久,因為會影響更健康的睡眠周期。
做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍,做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析,結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。16~20.【答案】A、B、E、F、C【解析】(1)語境銜接題。根據(jù)上文WhatshouldIlearntostayexcellent?(我該學(xué)些什么才能保持優(yōu)秀?)以及后文butitisstillworththinking—bothfortheprofessionalbenefitsandthecompletejoyoflearningsomethingnew(但它仍然值得思考——無論是為了職業(yè)利益還是學(xué)習(xí)新事物的樂趣。)可知,上文提出問題,故本句回答上文的問題,后文提到了值得考慮,說明沒有直接回答上文的問題,故A.It'sadifficultquestiontoanswer(這是一個很難回答的問題),符合語境,故選A。
(2)語境銜接題。根據(jù)上文Self-managementisyourabilitytomanagebehaviors,thoughtsandemotions.Itisawaythatbetterservesyouandyourwork.Rulesofself-managementusuallyinclude:Howtocreateandkeepacalendar;(自我管理是你管理行為、思想和情緒的能力。這是一種更好地為你和你的工作服務(wù)的方式。自我管理的規(guī)則通常包括:如何創(chuàng)建和保存日歷;)以及后文Howtodoaweeklyreview;Howtofocusdeeply.(如何做每周復(fù)習(xí);如何深度集中注意力。)可知,本句與前后文并列,都是針對自我管理規(guī)則進行舉例說明,故B.Howtomakeanduseato-dolist(如何制作和使用待辦事項清單),符合語境,故選B。
(3)聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文Logicalthinkingcanbeextremelypowerfulformakingbetterdecisionsandsolvingproblems.However,mostofusreceivelittletraininginthisareainschool.(邏輯思維對于做出更好的決定和解決問題是非常強大的。然而,我們大多數(shù)人在學(xué)校里很少接受這方面的培訓(xùn)。)可知,上文提到在學(xué)校很少接受邏輯思維的培訓(xùn),本句為本段最后一句,與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,說明培養(yǎng)邏輯思維的價值,故E.Soit'sworthspendingsometimelearninghowtothinklogically(所以花點時間學(xué)習(xí)如何邏輯思考是值得的),符合語境,故選E。
(4)語境銜接題。根據(jù)上文Youcanjustpickanactivityyouenjoyanddoitregularly.Trydifferentthingsandseewhatyouenjoy.(你可以選擇一項你喜歡的活動,并定期去做。嘗試不同的東西,看看你喜歡什么。)以及后文Thebestprogramistheoneyou'llactuallyholdonto.(最好的計劃是你能真正堅持下去的計劃。)可知,本句是在針對最好的鍛煉計劃進行說明,故F.Andrememberthatthere'snosuchathingasthe"best"exerciseprogram(記住,沒有所謂"最好"的鍛煉計劃),符合語境,故選F。
(5)段落標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容Knowinghowtofixthingsaroundyourhouseorapartmentiswonderful.Insteadofhavingtowaithoursordaysforotherstofixit,youcandosoimmediately.Anddoingyourownrepairscansaveyoulotsofmoney.Youcanbuyabasictoolkit.Andwhenyoumeetsomekindofproblemwithyourplace,seeifyoucanfigureouthowtofixitontheInternet.(知道如何修理房子或公寓周圍的東西是很棒的。而不是等幾個小時或幾天讓別人來修理它。你可以馬上這么做。自己動手修理可以幫你省很多錢。你可以買一個基本的工具包。當(dāng)你的房子出現(xiàn)問題時,看看你能不能在網(wǎng)上找到解決辦法。)可知,本段主要建議學(xué)習(xí)房屋修理知識,故C.Howtoperformbasichomerepairs(如何進行基本的房屋修理),符合語境,故選C。
這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一些保持優(yōu)秀的技能。
關(guān)于選句填空的做題步驟:
步驟一:快速瀏覽一遍備選答案,先確定哪個選項適合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置:標(biāo)題,句首,句中,句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步驟二:快速瀏覽文章,確定文章體裁,抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)。
步驟三:分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu),找出各段的主題句或主旨大意。
步驟四:注意各選項中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段,尋找句中銜接標(biāo)志詞。
步驟五:區(qū)分相似項。21~35.【答案】A、C、D、C、B、D、B、C、B、A、A、C、B、D、A【解析】(1)考查動詞及語境理解。A.owns擁有;B.describes描述;C.visits拜訪;D.recommends推薦,建議。句意:我爸爸很隨和,有聊天的天賦。他開了一家快餐店,名叫Queenie'sWeenies,專門賣熱狗。根據(jù)下文Iworkwithmydadatthe___(2)___onweekends.可知此處表示"他擁有一家餐館",故選A。
(2)考查名詞及語境理解。A.supermarket超市;B.hospital醫(yī)院;C.restaurant餐館;D.company公司。句意:周末我和爸爸在餐館工作。上文"afastfoodrestaurant"提到爸爸經(jīng)營一家餐館,故作者和爸爸應(yīng)是在餐館工作。故選C。
(3)考查動詞及語境理解。A.hiking徒步旅行;B.camping露營;C.exploring探索;D.shopping購物。句意:一個星期六,我們?nèi)ベ徫铩O挛?Aswegotintothecheckoutline"提到作者和爸爸排隊結(jié)賬,故此處指去購物,故選D。
(4)考查動詞及語境理解。A.imagined想象;B.believed相信;C.noticed注意到;D.remembered想起,記得。句意:當(dāng)我們排隊結(jié)賬時,我注意到一件事:我們的收銀員很不高興!根據(jù)語境及"ourcashier(收銀員)wasvery____(5)____!"可知,作者在排隊結(jié)賬時注意到收銀員情緒低落,故選C。
(5)考查形容詞及語境理解。A.beautiful美麗的;B.unhappy不高興的;C.professional專業(yè)的;D.polite禮貌的。句意:當(dāng)我們排隊結(jié)賬時,我注意到一件事:我們的收銀員很不高興!根據(jù)下文"Her'angeraura(光環(huán))'wasobvious"可知,收銀員看起來不高興,故選B。
(6)考查動詞及語境理解。A.received收到;B.needed需要;C.avoided避免;D.offered提供。句意:她沒有微笑,沒有問候,也沒有寒暄。結(jié)合空后的"nosmiles,nogreetingsandnosmalltalk"可知,此處指收銀員不向顧客提供微笑、也不和他們打招呼寒暄,故選D。
(7)考查形容詞及語境理解。A.suitable合適的;B.frightening可怕的;C.special特殊的;D.friendly友好的。句意:她的"憤怒光環(huán)"很明顯,讓我有點害怕。根據(jù)上文"angeraura(光環(huán))"以及下文"Iwasthinkingthatweshouldjustpayforourthingsandleavequickly(我在想我們應(yīng)該把錢付了然后趕緊離開)"可知,收銀員的憤怒光環(huán)有點嚇到作者了,故選B。
(8)考查動詞及語境理解。A.helped幫助;B.refused拒絕;C.waited等待;D.forgot忘記。句意:當(dāng)我們等著結(jié)賬的時候,我在想我們應(yīng)該付錢然后迅速離開。下文"Whenitwasourturn"提到輪到作者和爸爸結(jié)賬,故此處是等待結(jié)賬,故選C。
(9)考查名詞及語境理解。A.problem問題;B.idea主意,想法;C.hope希望;D.experience經(jīng)歷。句意:我的爸爸有不同的想法。根據(jù)上文"Iwasthinkingthatweshouldjustpayforourthingsandleavequickly."可知,作者想著結(jié)完賬快速離開,結(jié)合下文爸爸和收銀員交談可知,爸爸和作者想法不同,故選B。
(10)考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.talkingto和……交談;B.lookingafter照顧;C.goingafter追求;D.laughingat嘲笑。句意:輪到我們的時候,他開始和她說話。根據(jù)下文"Dadsaid,'Hi,howareyoutoday?..."可知,爸爸和收銀員交談,故選A。
(11)考查動詞及語境理解。A.work工作;B.play玩;C.tour旅游;D.exercise鍛煉。句意:我有一家餐廳,我們一起工作。根據(jù)上文"Iworkwithmydadatthe____(2)____onweekends."可知,作者和爸爸在餐館工作,故選A。
(12)考查動詞及語境理解。A.drive駕駛;B.tie系,打結(jié);C.treat招待,款待;D.lead領(lǐng)導(dǎo),引領(lǐng)。句意:什么時候到我的餐館來,我請你吃我的熱狗。根據(jù)"Dropbymyrestaurantsometime"可知,爸爸邀請收銀員來餐館應(yīng)是要請她吃熱狗,treatsb.tosth."請某人吃某物,以某物款待某人",故選C。
(13)考查動詞及語境理解。A.quitted放棄;B.finished結(jié)束;C.missed錯過;D.regretted后悔。句意:當(dāng)我們結(jié)完賬的時候,收銀員面帶微笑。上一段中"Whenitwasourturn"提到輪到作者和爸爸結(jié)賬了,結(jié)合下文"Backinthecar"兩人回到車里可知,此處指結(jié)完賬,故選B。
(14)考查介詞短語及語境理解。A.inpeace安靜;B.indanger處于危險中;C.inahurry匆忙;D.inlowspirits情緒低落。句意:回到車里,爸爸對我說:"收銀員今天顯然情緒低落。"根據(jù)上文"She____(6)____nosmiles,nogreetingsandnosmalltalk.Her'angeraura(光環(huán))'wasobvious"可知,收銀員情緒低落,故選D。
(15)考查副詞及語境理解。A.warmly熱情地,溫暖地;B.immediately立即;C.secretly秘密地;D.comfortably舒服地。句意:熱情地微笑或說幾句友好的話,這些都能讓人更開心。根據(jù)下文"whichisallittakestomakeonealittlemoredelighted"可知,想要讓別人開心,應(yīng)是熱情地微笑或者說幾句友好的話,故選A。
這是一篇記敘文,文章主要講述作者和爸爸在購物結(jié)賬時,爸爸幾句溫暖的話語使原本情緒低落的收銀員變得開心的故事。
考查完形填空。做題時要通讀全文,把握大意,然后結(jié)合上下文及選項做出正確的選擇。36.【答案】【小題1】hasbecome【小題2】but【小題3】Traditionally【小題4】wh
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