江蘇省南通市海安市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題

2024屆高三期初學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)試卷英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)考生在答題前請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀本注意事項(xiàng)及各題答題要求1.本試卷共10頁(yè)，滿分150分，考試時(shí)間為120分鐘?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將答題卷交回。2.答題前，請(qǐng)您務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、座位號(hào)用毫米黑色字跡簽字筆填寫在答題卷上。3.請(qǐng)認(rèn)真核對(duì)監(jiān)考員在答題卡上所粘貼的條形碼上的姓名、考試證號(hào)與你本人的是否相符。4.作答選擇題必須用2B鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，請(qǐng)用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案。作答非選擇題必須用書寫黑色字跡的毫米的簽字筆寫在答題卷上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律無(wú)效。第一部分：聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一部分：聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽(tīng)下面的5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后都有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whywasthemanlateforwork?A.Hewasstuckintraffic.B.Hehadatrafficaccident.C.Hiscarbrokedownontheroad.2.Whatdoesthemanlikeaboutthenewshop?A.Thelocation. B.Theassistants. C.Theclothes.3.Whatisthemandoing?A.Placinganorder. B.Askingaboutanitem. C.Requestingadeliveryservice.4.WhomightLilybe?A.Thewoman'sbabysitter. B.Thewoman'sboss. C.Thewoman'schild.5.Whatdoesthewomanagreetodo?A.Changeseats. B.Calloffhertrip. C.Travelonadifferentday.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howdoesthewomandescribethefurniturestore?A.Therearegoodsofahighquality.B.Therearegoodbargainsonsale.C.Theysellgoodsonlineaswell.7.Whatwillthemandofirst?A.SurftheInternet. B.Gotothestore. C.pareprices.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthemorning. B.Atnoon. C.Intheafternoon.9.Whydoesn'tthemangototheconferenceroomnow?A.Heneedstomeettheclients.B.Heisworkingonanothertask.C.Hehascheckedtheheaterbefore.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Thewoman'scousin. B.Theirweekendplans. C.Alocalband.11.Whoisthewomanscheduledtomeet?A.Arelative. B.Abandmember. C.Aconcertorganizer.12.Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?A.ConvinceJane.B.Payforthetickets.C.Findouttheavailabilityoftickets.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whathappenedtothewomanatthebeginning?A.Shelostherphone.B.Shecouldn'tfindtheway.C.Shewastrappedinheavysnow.14.Howdidthewomankeepwarm?A.Byhavingmoreclotheson.B.Byusingthecarheater.C.Bydrinkinghottea.15.Whydidthewomanturnofftheengine?A.Itbrokedown.B.Shestoppedtoansweracall.C.Thecarwasrunningoutofgas.16.Whatdidtheemergencyservicesdo?A.Theycalledanambulance.B.Theyledthewomantoherhome.C.Theyhelpedthewomangotothemainroad.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatkindofplaceisOldsville?A.Anoilfield. B.Atouristarea. C.Adesertedtrainstation.18Whatcantouristsseerightbesidethetrack?A.Desertplants. B.Trees. C.Animals.19.Whatdoweknowaboutthebridge?A.Itisdangerous. B.Itisoveradeepriver. C.Itismadeofwood.20.Wherecantouristsgetdrinks?A.Fromastore. B.Fromthespeaker. C.Fromamachine.第二部分：閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANashvilleTNWeletoyourMusicCityvacationplanningcenter,whereyoucanmakereservationsforlodging,activities,diningandmore!Youcanmeettoday'shotteststarsandcountrymusiclegendsattheGrandOleOpry,cruisetheCumberlandaboardtheGeneralJacksonShowboatDinnerCruiseortourthesights!ClassicMusicCityAttractionsWhenonethinksofMusicCity,thereareseveralattractionsthatimmediatelyetomind,namelytheGrandOleOpry,TheGeneralJacksonShowboatDinnerCruise,andtheRymanAuditorium.SomeofthemostamazingstarshavetakenthestageattheGrandOleOpry.AnotherhistoricvenueinMusicCityistheRymanAuditorium.Aswellasattendingconcertsandshows,visitorstotheRymancantakeleisurelytourstolearnallaboutthehistoryoftheperformingcenter.ArchitecturalWondersAsoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesintheUnitedStates,itisnowonderthatthiscityishometosomeofthemostimpressivepiecesofarchitecture.Fromlandmarkstouniversitiesandeverythinginbetween,thosewhohaveapassionforhistoryaresuretohaveanamazingtimeexploringtheseplaces.MusicCityArt&MuseumsForthosewholoveart,theFristCenterisamusthaveactivity.Thisartmuseumfeaturesapproximately24,000sqftfilledwithavarietyofexhibitionsanddisplaysthataresuretoimpress.Thisnonprofitcenterisopensevendaysaweekandfeaturesrotatingexhibitssothere'ssomethingnewwitheachvisit.Shopping,Dining&MoreDowntownisamongthemostpopularareasofthecityasitholdssomeofthegreatestattractionsandmore.East,theevergrowingregionisabustling(熙攘的)placetovisitwhileinMusicCity!Fromaneclecticatmospheretohistoriclandmarksandmore.Fromlocaldeliciouseatstobreweriesandshoppingopportunities,thisneighborhoodiswellworthavisit!21.InNashvilleTN,visitorscan.A.haveachancetoperformonthestage.B.exploresomeimpressivehistoricbuildings.C.meetsomehotstarsandpickupfictionstories.D.goshoppinginDowntown,themostpopulararea.22.WhatisspecialabouttheFristCenter?A.Liveconcertscanbeenjoyed.B.ItisthelargestmuseuminNashvilleTN.C.Thecenterisaccessibleeverydayexceptonholidays.D.Visitorscangetdifferentvisitingexperienceseverytime.23.What'sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TointroducethecityofNashvilleTN.B.Tohelppeopletotailorvacationplans.C.Toarousevisitors'interestinmusicandart.D.ToremindvisitorsofprotectingNashvilleTN.BBlackstudentsreportedfacingbarriersthatpreventthemfrompletingtheirundergraduatestudiesinsixyearsorless,regardlessofthetypeofcertificateordegreeprogram,accordingtoresearchpublishedThursdaybyGallupandtheLuminaFoundation.ThemostsignificantfactorscontributingtothelowerratesamongBlackstudents,thestudyfound,wereexperiencingactsofdiscriminationandmanagingmultipleprioritiesthatcaninterferewithpletingcoursework.Thereportpileddatainfall2022from6,008collegestudentsacrossdifferentcertificationanddegreeprograms,including1,106Blackstudents.21%ofBlackrespondentssaidtheyfeltdiscriminatedagainstfrequentlyoroccasionallyparedto15%ofotherstudents.Blackstudentswerealsomorelikelytohavesharedthattheyfeltdisrespectedorpsychologicallyunsafeataninstitutionwhilelearning.28%ofBlackstudentswhoattendedaninstitutionwithlittlediversityfeltphysicallyunsafe,while26%feltdisrespectedand27%feltpsychologicallyunsafe.ManagingmultipleprioritieswasanotherfactorinterferingwithBlackstudents'educationgoals.Thereportfoundthat22%ofBlackstudentsoverallhavecaregivingresponsibilities,paredto11%ofstudentsinotherracialgroups,and20%ofBlackstudentsoverallhavefulltimejobs,paredto11%ofotherracialgroups.Asidefromdiscriminationandthetaskofmanagingresponsibilities,thedataalsoacknowledgedotherbarriersmakingitdifficultforBlackstudentstopletetheireducation,includingthehighcostsofattendingschool.AnApril2022reportbyTheEducationTrustfoundthatbecauseBlackwomenfallwithintwomarginalizedgroups,theymakelessmoneyandoftenhavetotakeoutmoreloanstocoverthecostofattendingcollege.24.Whichfactorcan'tleadtothelowerrateofpletingeducationamongblackstudentsdirectly?A.Managementofmultiplepriorities. B.Experiencesofdiscrimination.C.Thetypesofcertificateordegreeprograms. D.Highcostsofattendingschool.25.Howdidtheresearcherdrawtheconclusion?AByreferringtopreviousstudies. B.Bymakingsomeparisons.C.Byexplainingcausesandeffects. D.Byanalyzingrespondents'psychology.26.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.About21%ofBlackstudentsfeeldiscriminatedagainstfrequently，B.Blackstudentsfeeldiscriminatedmainlyduetophysicalinsecurity.C.Blackstudentshavetotakefulltimejobsforlackofaccesstoloans.D.Theblackfemalestudentsmaybeinthemostdisadvantagedposition.27.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthephenomenonreferredtointhepassage?A.Objective. B.Favorable. C.Critical. D.Concerned.CAnewstudyrevealsnewcluesaboutthesubtle(微妙的)butpreviouslypoorlyunderstoodevolutionarydancehappeningbetweentemperaturesandchangesinthesizeofanimalbodyparts.Thenewresearchoffersimportantinsightsabouthowbirdsmayadapttotherapidriseintemperaturesdrivenbyglobalclimatechange.ForthestudyinNaturemunications,theresearcherslookedatnearly7,000speciesofterrestrialnonmigratorybirds—whichisnearlytwothirdsofallbirdspecies—andfocusedonhowbirdspecieshasevolvedinambienttemperature(溫度的梯度)andotherfactorsofselection.Twowidelyaccepted“rules”inbiologyindicatethataslocaltemperatureschange,animalsarelikelytoadjustheattransfercapabilitiesbychangingthesizeoftheirbodiesandextremities(四肢).BiologistCarlBergmann'srulestatesthatcolderclimatesspawnbiggerbodiesbecausetheyhelpkeepheatwhilesmallerbodieshelpshedit.Asaresult,apolarbearismorethan21/2timesastallattheshoulderasasunbearfromequatorialregions.ZoologistJoelAsaphAllen'sruledealswithextremities,suchaslimbs,ears,andbeaks,statingthatanimalsincolderclimatestendtohavesmallerextremitiesbecauseextremitiestendtohavemoresurfacethanvolumeandareuniquelysuitedtoshedheat.Forexample,arctichareshaveevolvedshortlegsandears,whereasdesertjackrabbitshaveevolvedverylonglegsandears.“Theproblemisthateverythingweknowaboutecologytellsusthatchangingthesizeofbodiesandextremitiescanbeproblematic,”saysleadauthorCarlosBotero,anassociateprofessorofintegrativebiologyattheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Forexample,ifbodysizedecreases,birdsmaynotbeabletohuntthesamefoodastheirancestors.Similarly,iftheaveragesizeorshapeofabillchanges,birdsmaybeelessefficientforagers(覓食者)orhavetroubleproducingtypicalmatingcalls.Itisnotsurprisingthatmanypriorstudieshavefailedtofindevidenceforthesepredictionsandthatthesesocalledbiologicalrulesarecurrentlycontroversial.ThenewstudycouldclarifythatdebatebyshowingthatalthoughthepatternsthatBergmannandAllenpredictedoccurinthewild,thetwoseparatemechanismsplementeachother.28.Whatisthenewstudyabout?A.Thetworulesproposedbypreviousresearchers.B.Thedifferencesbetweenanimalsincoldandwarmareas.C.Theeffectglobalclimatechangehasonanimals'foraging.D.Thewaybirdsevolveinresponsetotherisingtemperature.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spawn”inparagraph4probablymean?A.makefor B.bringin C.arisefrom D.wipeout30.Accordingtothepassage,thebirdsinthecolderareastendtohave.A.biggerbodiesandlongerlegs. B.biggerbodiesandshorterlegs.C.smallerbodiesandlongerlegs. D.smallerbodiesandshorterlegs.31.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thetworuleswithseparatemechanismsarecontradictory.B.Thenewstudybinesthepriorstudiesandthetworules.C.Thenewstudyprovidessupportingevidenceforthetworules.D.ThetworulesshowanimalschangethebodysizetokeepheatDU.S.forestscouldworsenglobalwarminginsteadofeasingitbecausetheyarebeingdestroyedbynaturaldsastersandarelosingtheirabilitytoabsorbplanetwarminggasesastheygetolder,anewAgricultureDepartmentreportsays.U.S.forestscurrentlyabsorb11percentofU.Scarbonemissions,or150millionmetrictonsofcarbonayear,equaltothebinedemissionsfrom40coalpowerplants,thereportsays.Itpredictsthattheabilityofforeststoabsorbcarbonwillstartfallingquicklyafter2025andthatforestscouldemitupto100millionmetrictonsofcarbonayearastheiremissionsfromrottingtreesexceedtheircarbonabsorption.Forestscouldbeea“substantialcarbonsource”by2070,theUSDAreportsays.ThepredictionsuggeststhatthelossofforestsasanaturalcarbonabsorberwillrequiretheU.S.tocutemissionsmorerapidlytoreachnetzero,saidLynnRiley,aseniormanagerofclimatescienceattheAmericanForestFoundation.“Tenpercentofourdomesticemissions.Thatisareallysignificantportion,”Rileysaid.“Asweworktodecarbonize...forestsareoneofthegreatesttoolsatourdisposal.Ifweweretolosethat,itmeanstheU.S.willcontributethatmuchmoreinemissions.”Thelossofcabonabsorptionisdriveninpartbynaturaldisasterssuchaswildfires,tornadoesandhurricanes,whichareincreasinginfrequencyandstrengthasglobaltemperaturesrise.Thedisastersdestroyforestland,disruptingtheirecosystemanddecreasingtheirabilitytoabsorbcarbon,Rileysaid.Exploitationofforestedareas,whichthereportprojectswillcontinuetoincrease,ishavingthesameeffectaspeopleincreasinglymovetothesocalledwildandurbaninterface.Thetrees'abilitytoabsorbcarbonweakensovertime.Older,maturetreesabsorblesscarbonthanyoungertreesofthesamespecies,andtheU.S.forestsarerapidlyaging,thereportfound.Moreaggressiveforestmanagementcanhelpbycuttingdownasmallportionofagingforeststomakewaysforyoungertreesthatabsorbmorecarbon,Rileysaid.Athoroughstudyofeachforestshouldbedonebeforeremovingoldertrees,Rileysaid,paringforestmanagementtoprescribingtheproperdugstoapatient.32.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Coalpowerplantsemit150millionmetrictonsofcarboneveryyearB.Cuttingdownalloldertreesisaneffectivewaytosolvetheproblem.C.Anewstudyofforestshouldbeconductedafterremovingoldertrees.D.Forestsarelikelytoshiftfromacarbonabsorbertoanemissionsource.33.WhatcanweinferfromwhatRileysaidinparagraph3and4?AForestsplayacrucialroleinholdingcarbon.B.Forestsarenolongeranaturalcarbonabsorber.C.TheU.Smakescontributionstodecarbonization.D.Achievingnetzeroemissionsiswithineasyreach.34.ThefollowingfactorscancausethelossofcarbonabsorptionEXCEPT.A.agingforests B.naturaldisastersC.globalwarming D.developmentofforests35.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.CuttingCarbonHelpsSlowGlobalWarming.B.GlobalWarmingIsBeingWorseGradually.C.ForestsAreLosingTheirAbilitytoHoldCarbon.D.PlantingMoreTreesIsatTheTopofTheAgenda.第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TheWorldBookDay,alsocalledWorldBookandCopyrightDay,fallsonApril23rd.36..Readingextensivelyexposesyoutonewideasandknowledge,improvesyourconcentrationandmemory,andenhancesyourcreativityandcriticalthinkingskills.Despitetheimportanceofreading,manystudentstodaydon'thaveagoodhabitofreading.Thereareafewreasonsforthis:lackoftimeandmotivation,abundanceofdigitaldistractionsandfailuretosticktoreading.However,thesechallengescanbeoverewithyourconsciousefforts.First,youneedtomaketimeforreadingbylimitingtimespentonsocialmediaorotherleisureactivities.Startwithjust1530minutesadayofreadingandyoucanworkyourwayuptolongersessions.37.Manylibrariesalsohavedigitalbookoptionsifyoupreferereadersoraudiobooks.Second,buildthehabitbyschedulingreadingtimeeachdayandstickingtoit.38..Evenjusthavingaregularroutineoncertaindaysoftheweek,suchasreadingMondaytoFridayafterdinnerforexample,canhelpyoucement(鞏固，加強(qiáng))itasahabit.Finally,trackyourprogresstostayontrack.Setmonthlyreadinggoalstoachieveandrecordthebooksyouread，howlongthesessionswereandanykeyinsightsgained.Itisatraditionalwaytowriteonanotebook.39..Bymakingreadingapriority,limitingdistractions,settingaregularschedule,andtrackingyourprogress,youcansuccessfullydevelopthehabitofreading.40..Sotakethefirststeptocultivatethisimportanthabittoday.Yourfutureselfwillsurelythankyouforit.A.Todayusinganappmaymakeiteasiertoachieve.B.Thegoalofthedayistoengagepeopleinreading.C.Habitsareformedthroughconsistencyandrepetition.D.Developingahabitofreadingisparticularlyimportant.E.Protectingthecopyrightislikelytobethefocusoftheday.F.Alifelongloveofreadingwillenrichyourlifeinsomanyways.G.Findbooksyouaregenuinelyinterestedintohelpbuildmotivation.第三部分：語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ThefirstcablecaroriginatedfromSanFrancisco.Theywereinventedbeforetheautomobileinthedayswhenhorsedrawnstreetcarswerethepopularpublictransportation.Oneday,AndrewHallidie,whosefatherwastheinventorofthewirerope,witnessedaterrible41.involvingastreetcarforwhichitwasthat42..theideaofthecablerailway.Hewaswanderingaroundthestreetwhenhenoticedahorsestrugglingto43.thestreetcarupJacksonStreet.It’s44.andwasdraggedbackdownahill,passengersandgoods45.outofthecarriage.ThisscenetriggeredHallidietofinda46.waytotransportpeopleandthings.Backhome,Hallidie47.strandsofwireropestomakewirecables,believingthecableswouldbe48.enoughtopullthecablecars.Thenhefoundsomeonetohelphim49.thecars,withdifficultybutsuccessfully.HealsomanagedtogetthehelpofWilliamE.Eppelsheimer,aGermanengineer,who50.thefirstcablecarline.Finally,Hallidieobtainedaformal51.fromalawyernamedBenjaminBrookstobuildavalidsystem.August2,1873sawthefirsttrialofthecablecar.Originally,Hallidiehiredagripmantooperatethecar.Butafterlookingdownthe52.hill,themanrefusedfirmly.Hallidiedecidedto53.itbyhimselffromJonesStreettoKearneyStreetbywayofClayStreet,knownastheClayStreetHilllinetoday.Aboutonemonthafterthetestrun,theLineopenedfor54.use.Fromthenon,otherlinesopenedinSanFranciscoaswellasinotherU.Scitiesandcitiesoverseas.Tillnow,SanFranciscoistheonlycitywherethecablecarstill55..41.A.accident B.horse C.quarrel D.game42.A.reminded B.conceived C.recalled D.convinced43.A.catch B.push C.kick D.pull44.A.slipped B.slid C.ran D.jumped45.A.collapsing B.falling C.erupting D.unfolding46.A.wiser B.rougher C.safer D.broader47.A.twisted B.revised C.fixed D.divided48.A.long B.thick C.rough D.strong49.A.manufacture B.sell C.design D.advertise50.A.tookon B.pulledup C.builtup D.laidout51.A.announcement B.permission C.mitment D.appointment52.A.wide B.steep C.primitive D.remote53.A.fetch B.drag C.drive D.direct54.A.public B.personal C.outside D.external55.A.hatches B.refreshes C.operates D.casts第二節(jié)（共10小題：每小題分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TorchfestivaloftheEthnicminorityTheTorchFestival,thegrandestfestivaloftheYipeople,isheldaroundthe24thdayofthesixthmonthofthelunarcalendar.TheYipeoplethinkfirepossessesasuperhumanpower56.candriveawayevilandfrightenoffghosts.Theyhave57.aspecialrelationshipwithfirethattheycallthemselvesthe“firenationality”.Duringthefestival,torches,2030cm58.diameter,areplaceduprightinfrontofhouses.Attheentrancetothevillages,agrand“torchtower”,standingmorethan20metreshighand59.(make)ofpinebranchesanddryfirewood,60..(decorate)withfreshflowersandfruits.Atlast,withexpectationandwishes61.(e)thelongawaitedmoment.Afterdinner,asdarknesscastsitsshadow,youngandold,62.(dress)intheirmostceremonialandsplendidcostumesdecoratedwithsparklingornaments,rush63.(excite)tothe“torchtower”square.Cheersandscreamsofdelightburstfromthecrowd,whilethesoaringflamesbrightenthedarknessofthenightandwarmeveryonepresentatthescene.Onsuchabrilliantandmarvelousnight,the64.(participate)areoverjoyedbythegrandspectacleandtheatmosphereofcelebration.Youngmenandwomensinganddancehandinhandaroundthebonfire65.(express)theirgratitudeforalifeofplentyandgoodwishesfortheingyear.第四部分：寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）66.假如你是李華，你向校報(bào)英文版投稿，介紹當(dāng)下出現(xiàn)的外國(guó)人學(xué)漢語(yǔ)的熱潮的相關(guān)情況，內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下：1.簡(jiǎn)單介紹該現(xiàn)象；2.該現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因。要求：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearEditor,▲▲▲▲