2022年考博英語(yǔ)-西南大學(xué)考試題庫(kù)及全真模擬沖刺卷87附答案帶詳解

2022年考博英語(yǔ)-西南大學(xué)考試題庫(kù)及全真模擬沖刺卷（附答案帶詳解）1.單選題

Hisface（

）ashecameinafterrunningallthewayfromschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flared

B.fluctuated

C.fluttered

D.flushed

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Flare“閃光”；fluctuate“波動(dòng)，漲落”；flutter“飄動(dòng)”；flush“使激動(dòng)，臉紅”。句意：他一路從學(xué)校跑回家，臉通紅。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

ThesummersessioninGeorgetownUniversitywasareallywonderfuloccasionwhichwewill（

）formanyyearstocome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discount

B.acquit

C.cherish

D.blur

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。discount“打折扣”；acquit“無(wú)罪釋放”；cherish“珍惜”；blur“使……模糊不清”。句意：?jiǎn)讨味卮髮W(xué)暑期班是個(gè)很棒的場(chǎng)合，我們將在今后的許多年里都會(huì)珍惜它。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Itisunfairto（

）fromthesetwoincidentsandsaythatallyoungmenarerecklessdrivers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deduce

B.generalize

C.minimize

D.transfer

【答案】A

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deduce“推論”；generalize“概括，推廣”；minimize“使減到最少；最小化”；transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓，轉(zhuǎn)接”。句意：從這兩件事來(lái)推斷是不公平的，說(shuō)所有的年輕人都是莽撞的司機(jī)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Thepopularbookwas（

）byapanelofexperts,workinginconjunctionwiththepublisher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.composed

B.comprised

C.conceived

D.compiled

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Compose“構(gòu)成；寫作”；comprise“包含，由……組成”；conceive“懷孕；構(gòu)思”；compile“編譯，編制”。句意：這本頗受歡迎的書是由專家小組編制而成，與出版社互相協(xié)調(diào)而成的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Satellitecommunicationsaresoup-to-datethatevenwhen（

）inthemiddleofthePacific,businessmancancontacttheirofficesasiftheywerenextdoor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gliding

B.cruising

C.piloting

D.patrolling

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞（ing形式）詞義辨析。Gliding“滑動(dòng)，掠過”；cruising“航行（海上）”；piloting“航行（空中）”；patrolling“巡邏，巡查”。句意：衛(wèi)星通訊是如此與時(shí)俱進(jìn)以致于商人們即使在太平洋上航行都可以與辦公室職員聯(lián)系，就如同他們就在隔壁。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Ihavefoundthattheeffectofcomicbookstobefirstofallanti-educational.Theyinterferewitheducationinthelargersense.Forchildren,educationisnotmerelyaquestionoflearning,butisapartofmentalhealth.Theydonot“l(fā)earn”onlyinschool;theylearnalsoduringplay,fromentertainment,andinsociallifewithadultsandwithotherchildren.Totakelargechunksoftimeoutofachild’slife——timeduringwhichheorsheisnotpositively,thatis,educationally,occupied——meanstointerferewithhealthfulmentalgrowth.

Tomakeasharpdistinctionbetweenentertainmentandlearningispoorpedagogy,andevenworsepsychology.Agreatdealoflearningcomesintheformofentertainment,andagreatdealofentertainmentpainlesslyteachesimportantthings.Bynostretchofcriticalstandardscanthetextincomicsqualifyasliterature,orthedrawingsasart.Childrenspendanenormousamountoftimeoncomicbooks,buttheirgainisnil.Theydonotlearnhowtoreadaseriousbookormagazine.TheydonotgainatruepictureoftheWestfromthe“Westerns.”Theydonotlearnaboutanynormalaspectsofsex,love,orlife.Ihaveknownmanyadultswhohavetreasuredthroughouttheirlivessomeofthebookstheyreadaschildren.Ihavenevercomeacrossanyadultoradolescentwhohadoutgrowncomicbookreadingwhowoulddreamofkeepinganyofthesebooksforanysentimentalorotherreason.Inotherwords,childrenspendalargeamountoftimeandmoneyonthesepublicationsandhavenothingpositivetoshowforit.Andsincealmostallgoodchildren’sreadinghassomeeducationalvalue,comicsbytheirnaturearenotonlynon-educational;theyareanti-educational.Theyfailtoteachanythingthatmightbeusefultoachild;theydosuggestmanythingsthatareharmful.

1.Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreethatcomicbooks（

）.

2.Inline2,theunderlinedword“question”mostnearlymeans

（

）.

3.Theauthorcriticizesthosewhowould“makeasharpdistinction”(line7)becausetheauthorbelievesthat

（

）.

4.Inlines11-13,thethreesentencesbeginningwith‘"they”primarilyserveto

（

）.

5.Thetoneofthispassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impairsocialdevelopment

B.couldbenefitfromself-regulation

C.havenoeducationalvalue

D.areobtainedtooeasily

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.matter

B.request

C.objection

D.possibility

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thebesteducatorsarealsoentertainersofasort

B.withoutentertainmentlittlelearningtakesplace

C.entertainmentandlearningarecloselyinterrelated

D.textbooksoftenadoptcertainhumoroustechniques

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lamentstudents’lackofinterestintraditionallearning

B.condemnthosewhoprofitbypanderingtochildren

C.indicatewaysinwhichchildrenareshortchanged

D.specifyhowcomicbooksmightbeimproved

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.facetious

B.severe

C.sarcastic

D.analytical

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.考察判斷推理。文章第一二句Ihavefoundthattheeffectofcomicbookstobefirstofallanti-educational.Theyinterferewitheducationinthelargersense.提到作者認(rèn)為連環(huán)漫畫冊(cè)是反教育的，在很大程度上干擾了教育。教育受阻礙，社會(huì)發(fā)展肯定會(huì)被阻礙。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.考察詞義。文章第一段第三句Forchildren,educationisnotmerelyaquestionoflearning,butisapartofmentalhealth提到對(duì)于孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，教育不僅僅是學(xué)習(xí)的問題，而是精神健康的一部分。question與matter是近義詞，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.考察判斷推理。文章第二段第一句Tomakeasharpdistinctionbetweenentertainmentandlearningispoorpedagogy,andevenworsepsychology.提到把娛樂和學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)分開來(lái)是錯(cuò)誤的教學(xué)方式，更是糟糕的心理學(xué)教育。由此可以看出作者認(rèn)為娛樂與教育是密不可分的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。文章第二段第四句Childrenspendanenormousamountoftimeoncomicbooks,buttheirgainisnil提到孩子們花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間在漫畫連環(huán)冊(cè)上，但是沒有從中學(xué)習(xí)到任何東西。作者接下來(lái)用了三個(gè)以“they”開頭的句子來(lái)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的孩子對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)方法不感興趣：他們不學(xué)習(xí)怎樣去閱讀嚴(yán)肅的書籍或者雜志；他們并不能從Western這部電影中真正了解西部人；他們也沒有學(xué)習(xí)到關(guān)于性別、愛情或者生活的知識(shí)（Theydonotlearnhowtoreadaseriousbookormagazine.TheydonotgainatruepictureoftheWestfromthe“Westerns.”Theydonotlearnaboutanynormalaspectsofsex,love,orlife）。選項(xiàng)A符合題意，作者對(duì)此感到惋惜。

5.考察觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。作者在文章中有理有據(jù)，通過各種事實(shí)來(lái)分析漫畫連環(huán)冊(cè)對(duì)教育的干。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。facetious“詼諧的”；severe“嚴(yán)峻的”；sarcastic“諷刺的”；analytical“分析的”。

7.翻譯題

Throughoutourlives,wewillhavetomakemanydecisions.Somewillbesmallandunimportant,butothers,suchaswheretogotoschool,whichcareertopursue,andwhetherornottobuyahouse,willbeimportant.Itisthistypeofdecisionthatwemustbeverycarefulaboutmaking.Inmyopinion,apersonshouldnevermakesuchanimportantdecisionalone.

OurreasonformyopinionisthatIbelieve‘"twoheadsarebetterthanone”.Whenwehaveanimportantdecisiontomakewecanbenefitfromtheadviceandexperienceofothers.Inaddition,justtalkingtheissueoverwithsomeoneelsemighthelpustoseeaspectsoftheproblemwehadnotconsideredbefore.Anotherreasonfornotmakingbigdecisionsaloneisthatoftenthesedecisionsdonotaffectonlyus.Ifsomeoneelseisgoingtobeaffectedbythedecision,forexample,ourspouseorbusinesspartner,thatpersonshouldbeabletovoicehisopinionandtakepartinthedecision-makingprocess.

【答案】在我們的一生中，不得不做出很多決定。有的是一些很小且不重要的決定，但有的比如去哪里上學(xué)，選擇哪種職業(yè)，是否買房都是一些重要的決定。這些都是需要我們慎重做出決定的。在我看來(lái)，一個(gè)人不可能單獨(dú)做這些決定。

我之所以這么認(rèn)為是因?yàn)槲蚁嘈拧叭齻€(gè)臭皮匠賽過一個(gè)諸葛亮”。當(dāng)我們做一個(gè)重大決定時(shí)，可以從他人的建議和經(jīng)歷中得到啟發(fā)。并且與他人交流時(shí)可以幫助我們自己看到我們之前沒看到的那一面。為什么不單獨(dú)做決定的另一個(gè)原因是這些決定影響的不僅僅只有我們。如果其他人會(huì)受到這個(gè)決定的影響，比如我們的配偶或者合作伙伴，那么他們有權(quán)說(shuō)出自己的看法并且參與到?jīng)Q策的過程中。

8.單選題

TheWelshlanguagehasalwaysbeentheultimatemarkerofWelshidentity,butagenerationagoitlookedasifWelshwouldgothewayofManx,oncewidelyspokenontheisleofManbutnowextinct.Governmentfinancingandcentralplanning,however,havehelpedreversethedeclineofWelsh.RoadsignsandofficialpublicdocumentsarewritteninbothWelshandEnglish,andschoolchildrenarerequiredtolearnbothlanguages.WelshisnowoneofthemostsuccessfulofEurope'sregionallanguages,spokenbymorethanahalf-millionofthecountry’sthreemillionpeople.

Therevivalofthelanguage,particularlyamongyoungpeople,ispartofaresurgenceofnationalidentitysweepingthroughthissmall,proudnation.LastmonthWalesmarkedthesecondanniversaryoftheopeningoftheNationalAssembly,thefirstparliamenttobeconvenedheresince14O4.TheideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom.Withmostofthepeopleandwealth,Englandhasalwayshadbraggingrights.ThepartialtransferoflegislativepowersfromWestminster,implementedbyTonyBlair,wasdesignedtogivetheothermembersofclub—Scotland,NorthernIreland,andWales—abiggersayandtocountercentrifugalforcesthatseemedtothreatentheveryideaoftheunion.

TheWelshshowedlittleenthusiasmfordevolution.WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelminglyforaparliament,thevoteforaWelshassemblyscrapedthroughbylessthanonepercentonaturnoutoflessthan25percent.Itspowerswereproportionatelylimited.TheAssemblycandecidehowmoneyfromWestminsterortheEuropeanUnionisspentItcannot,unlikeitscounterpartinEdinburgh,enactlaws.Butnowthatitishere,theWelsharegrowingtoliketheirAssembly.Manypeoplewouldlikeittohavemorepowers.Itsimportanceasfigureheadwillgrowwiththeopeningin2003,ofanewdebatingchamber,oneofmanynewbuildingsthataretransformingCardifffromadecayingseaportintoaBaltimore-stylewaterfrontcity.MeanwhileagrantofnearlytwomilliondollarsfromtheEuropeanUnionwilltacklepoverty.WalesisoneofthepoorestregionsinWesternEurope-onlySpain,Portugal,andGreecehavealowerstandardofliving.

NewspapersandmagazinesarefilledwithstoriesaboutgreatWelshmenandwomen,boostingself-esteem.TofamiliarfacessuchasDylanThomasandRichardBurtonhavebeenaddednewiconssuchasCatherineZeta-Jones,themoviestar,andBrynTerfel,theoperasinger.Indigenousfoodslikesaltmarshlambareinvogue.AndWalesnowboastsanationalairline,AwyrCymru.Cymru,whichmeans"landofcompatriots,"istheWelshnameforWales.Thereddragon,thenation’ssymbolsincethetimeofKingArthur,iseverywhere—onT-shirts,rugbyjerseysandevencellphonecovers.

“UntilveryrecenttimemostWelshpeoplehadthisfeelingofbeingsecond-classcitizens,”saidDyfanJones,an18-year-oldstudent.Itwasawarmsummernight,andIwassittingonthegrasswithagroupofyoungpeopleinLlanelli,anindustrialtowninthesouth,outsidetherockmusicvenueoftheNationalEisteddfod,Wales'sannualculturalfestival.ThedisusedfactoryinfrontofusechoedtothesoundsofnewWelshbands.

"Therewasalmostagenetictendencyforlackofconfidence,"Dyfancontinued.EquallycomfortableinhisWelshnessasinhismembershipintheEnglish-speaking,globalyouthcultureandthenewfederalEurope,Dyfan,liketherestofhisgeneration,isgrowingupwithasenseofpossibilityunimaginabletenyearsago.’’Weusedtothink.Wecan’tdoanything,we'reonlyWelsh.NowIthinkthat’schanging."

1.Accordingtothepassage,devolutionwasmainlymeatto（

）.

2.Theword“centrifogal”inthesecondparagraphmesas

（

）.

3.WalesisdifferentfromScotlandinallthefollowingaspectsEXCEPT（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcitedasanexampleoftheresurgenceofWelshnationalidentity

（

）.

5.AccordingtoDyfanJoneswhathaschangedis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.maintaintothepassage,devolutionwasmainlymeatto

B.reducelegislativepowersofEngland.

C.createabetterstateofequalityamongthenations

D.grantmoresaytoallthenationsintheunion.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.separatist

B.conventional

C.feudal

D.political

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.people’sdesirefordevolution.

B.locals’turnoutforthevoting

C.powersofthelegislativebody.

D.statusofthenationallanguage.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Welshhaswitnessedarevivalasanationallanguage.

B.Poverty-relieffundshavecomefromtheEuropeanUnion.

C.AWelshnationalairlineiscurrentlyinoperation.

D.Thenationalsymbolhasbecomeafamiliarsight.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.people'smentality.

B.popculture.

C.town’sappearance.

D.possibilitiesforthepeople.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.devotion出現(xiàn)在文章第二段第三句TheideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom，該句提到為了恢復(fù)大不列顛各成員國(guó)之間的平衡而采取了權(quán)利下放，devolution是“權(quán)利下放”的意思。選項(xiàng)C提到的“創(chuàng)建一個(gè)更好的平等狀態(tài)”與“恢復(fù)各成員國(guó)間的平衡”意思相近，符合題意。

2.centrifugal出現(xiàn)在文章第二段最后一句abiggersayandtocountercentrifugalforcesthatseemedtothreatentheveryideaoftheunion，可推測(cè)centrifugal應(yīng)與union意思相反，是威脅聯(lián)盟團(tuán)結(jié)的事物，選項(xiàng)A“分離主義”符合題意。

3.文章第三段第一句TheWelshshowedlittleenthusiasmfordevolution提到威爾士人對(duì)權(quán)利下放熱情很低，但蘇格蘭人卻不一樣（WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelmingly…）由此可知選項(xiàng)A是兩者的區(qū)別，排除；第三段第二句WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelminglyforaparliament,thevoteforaWelshassemblyscrapedthroughbylessthanonepercentonaturnoutoflessthan25percent提到蘇格蘭以壓倒性的多數(shù)投票選舉會(huì)，而威爾士的投票人數(shù)低于了25%，選項(xiàng)B“投票選舉的出席人數(shù)”也是二者的區(qū)別，排除；第三段提到威爾士與蘇格蘭不同的地方之一是沒有立法權(quán)（Itcannot,unlikeitscounterpartinEdinburgh,enactlaws），選項(xiàng)C排除。因此，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句MeanwhileagrantofnearlytwomilliondollarsfromtheEuropeanUnionwilltacklepoverty提到威爾士從歐盟得到近兩百萬(wàn)美元解決貧困問題。但是這里主要是對(duì)威爾士情況的介紹，并非國(guó)家地位復(fù)興的例子，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.文章最后兩段提到DyfanJones的看法。他認(rèn)為威爾士人天生缺乏信心（Therewasalmostagenetictendencyforlackofconfidence），接著提到了人們開始改變“Weusedtothink.Wecan’tdoanything,we'reonlyWelsh.NowIthinkthat’schanging”，他們變得有信心。由此可知，威爾士人的心態(tài)發(fā)生了變化。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

Recentsuccesseshave（

）thefactthatthecompanyisstillintrouble.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinguished

B.revised

C.obscured

D.dissected

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。distinguish“區(qū)分”；revise“修改”；obscure“掩蓋，隱藏”；dissect“仔細(xì)分析”。句意：最近的成功掩蓋了公司還處在麻煩中的事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

AsIhavementioned,animportantsourceofhumanstressisthe（

）betweenthedemandsoftheindividualandthoseofhissociety.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.splash

B.smash

C.crash

D.clash

【答案】D

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。splash“濺潑聲，濺潑”；smash“破碎”；C項(xiàng)“crash撞擊（聲），破裂（聲）；撞車，（車輛等）碰撞”；dash“猛沖”。句意：正如我所提到的，人類壓力的一個(gè)重要來(lái)源便是個(gè)人與所處社會(huì)需求之間的沖突。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Oneadvantageofmostpaidworkandofsomeunpaidwordisthatitgiveschancesofsuccessandopportunitiesforambition.Inmostworksuccessismeasuredbyincomeandwhileourcapitalisticsocietycontinues,thisisinevitable.Itisonlywherethebestworkisconcernedthatthismeasureceasestobethenaturaltoapply.Thedesirethatmenfeeltoincreasetheirincomeisquiteasmuchadesireforsuccessasforextracomfortsthatahigherincomecanprovide.Howeverdullworkmaybe,itbecomesbearableifitisameansofbuildingupareputation,whetherintheworldatlargeoronlyinone'sowncircle.Inthisrespectthosewomenwhoselivesareoccupiedwithhouseworkaremuchlessfortunatethanmen,orthanwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome.Thedomesticatedwifedoesnotreceivewages,hasnomeansofbetteringherself,andisvaluedbyherhusbandnotforherhouseworkbutforotherqualities.

Ofcourse,thisdoesnotapplytothosewomenwhoaresufficientlywell-to-dotomakebeautifulhousesandbeautifulgardensandbecometheenvyoftheirneighbors;butsuchwomenarecomparativelyfew,andforthegreatmajorityhouseworkcannotbringasmuchassatisfactionasworkofotherkindsbringstomenandtoprofessionalwomen.

【答案】多數(shù)有報(bào)酬的工作和少數(shù)沒報(bào)酬的工作有一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)，那就是它們提供了成功的機(jī)會(huì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)抱負(fù)的可能。收入是大多數(shù)工作好壞的一個(gè)判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，當(dāng)我們這個(gè)資本主義社會(huì)繼續(xù)存在時(shí)，這是不可避免的。只有在工作最好的情況下，收入才不會(huì)被當(dāng)作理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)。人們想增加收入是出自于錢多了可以獲得更多舒適享受這一愿望，但同樣也是出于想取得成功這一欲望。無(wú)論工作有多無(wú)聊，只要它能讓人獲得更多的聲望，無(wú)論是在大范圍的世界出名還是在自己的小圈子有名氣，都是可以忍受的。在這方面來(lái)說(shuō)，那些家庭主婦沒有在外的男人或者在外工作的女人幸運(yùn)。這些家庭主婦沒有收入，無(wú)法改善自己的情況。丈夫欣賞的不是她干的家務(wù)活，而是其他品質(zhì)。

當(dāng)然，對(duì)那些有足夠的錢把住宅和花園都搞得十分漂亮并且成為鄰居們羨慕的對(duì)象的女人來(lái)說(shuō)，情況不一樣。但是這樣的女人很少。對(duì)于大多數(shù)婦女，家務(wù)帶給她們的滿足遠(yuǎn)不如其他工作帶給男子或職業(yè)婦女的滿足。

12.單選題

Duetopersonality（

）,thetwocolleaguesnevergowellinwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confrontation

B.contradiction

C.conflict

D.competition

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞、介詞辨析。personalityconflict“性格不合”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

Intheirworldofdarkness,itwouldseemlikelythatsomeoftheanimalsmighthavebecomeblind,ashashappenedtosomecavefauna.So,indeed,manyofthemhave,compensatingforthelackofeyeswithmarvelouslydevelopedfeelersandlong,slenderfinsandprocesseswithwhichtheygropetheirway,likesomanyblindmenwithcanes,theirwholeknowledgeoffriends,enemies,orfoodcomingtothemthroughthesenseoftouch.

Thelasttracesofplantlifeareleftbehindinthethinupperlayerofwaterfornoplantcanlivebelowabout600feeteveninveryclearwater,andfewfindenoughsunlightfortheirfood-manufacturingactivitiesbelow200feet.Sincenoanimalcanmakeitsownfood,thecreaturesofthedeeperwatersliveastrange,almostparasiticexistenceofutterdependenceontheupperlayers.Thesehungrycarnivorespreyfiercelyandrelentlesslyuponeachother,yetthewholecommunityisultimatelydependentupontheslowrainofdescendingfoodparticlesfromabove.Thecomponentsofthisnever-endingrainarethedeadanddyingplantsandanimalsfromthesurface,orfromoneoftheintermediatelayers.Foreachofthehorizontalzonesorcommunitiesoftheseathatliebetweenthesurfaceandtheseabottom,thefoodsupplyisdifferentandingeneralpoorerthanforthelayerabovehavebeenrecordedforcomparisonwithsoundsheardatsea,andinmanycasessatisfactoryidentificationcanbemade.

DuringtheSecondWorldWarthehydrophonenetworksetupbytheUnitedStatesNavytoprotecttheentrancetoChesapeakeBaywastemporarilymadeuselesswhen,inthespringof1942，thespeakersatthesurfacebegantogiveforth,everyevening,asounddescribedasbeinglike“apneumaticdrilltearinguppavement”.Theextraneousnoisesthatcameoverthehydrophonescompletelymaskedthesoundsofthepassageofships.Eventuallyitwasdiscoveredthatthesoundswerethevoicesoffishknownascroakers,whichinthespringmoveintoChesapeakeBayfromtheoffshorewinteringgrounds.Assoonasthenoisehadbeenidentifiedandanalyzed,itwaspossibletoscreenitoutwithanelectricfilter,sothatoncemoreonlythesoundsofshipscamethroughthespeakers.

1.Manyunderwateranimalscannotseebecause

（

）.

2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTauseforahydrophone?

3.Animalsthatlivenearthebottomoftheseaaremostlikelytobecarnivorous

because（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthestateofoceanographicresearchdoesthetextmostclearlysupport?

5.Theauthor’smainpurposeinthetextisto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thelackoflighthasgraduallyeliminatedtheircapacitytosee

B.theyusesoundwavesinsteadoflighttonavigateinthedarkness.

C.Theyhavelearnedtosurvivewithoutseeingtheirenemiesortheirprey

D.Theirsenseoftouchhaseliminatedtheirneedtosee.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tolistentothesoundofunderseafauna.

B.Tosearchforunknownspeciesoffishandothercreatures.

C.Tomonitorthepassingofsurfacevessels.

D.Todetectsubmergedsubmarines.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavedevelopedsharpteethandstrongjawswithwhichtokilltheirprey

B.plantsthatgrowfarbelowthesurfacearenotedible

C.animalscannotmaketheirownfood,sotheyeateachother

D.mostsurfacevegetationiseatenbeforeitsinkstothebottomofthesea

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Undersearesearchisstillincomplete.

B.Technologyusedinunderseastudiesisstillinaveryprimitivestageofdevelopment.

C.Moreundersearesearchisconductednearshorethaninmid-ocean.

D.Militaryresearchershavemadeseveralmomentousdiscoveriesaboutundersealife.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.showthattheUnitedStatescoastwasthreatenedbytheenemyinWorldWarII

B.explainsomeofthecomplexitiesofdeepsealife

C.illustratethemainproblemsfacedbyundersearesearchers

D.gainpublicsupportforoceanographicexpeditions

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句Intheirworldofdarkness,itwouldseemlikelythatsomeoftheanimalsmighthavebecomeblind,ashashappenedtosomecavefauna提到在黑暗的世界，一些動(dòng)物是看不見的，就比如穴居動(dòng)物，由此可見，它們看不見是因?yàn)橹苓叺沫h(huán)境是黑暗的，水生動(dòng)物看不見也是因?yàn)樯钤诤诎档氖澜?，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章最后一段提到水下的這種儀器能夠用來(lái)探測(cè)潛艇，能夠聽到各種魚蝦發(fā)出的聲音，還能聽到croaker發(fā)出的聲音。只有選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.文章第二段Sincenoanimalcanmakeitsownfood,thecreaturesofthedeeperwatersliveastrange,almostparasiticexistenceofutterdependenceontheupperlayers.Thesehungrycarnivorespreyfiercelyandrelentlesslyuponeachother提到由于這些生物無(wú)法自己獲取食物，深水生物只能依靠淺水生物來(lái)生存，而那些殘忍的食肉生物相互為食。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.文章最后一段提到二戰(zhàn)后開始使用探測(cè)潛艇的水聽器和其他聲音探測(cè)器來(lái)探測(cè)水底，用這些器材可以聽到魚、蝦、海豚和其他尚未分辨出的水底生物發(fā)出的多樣的聲音。但是由于這些探測(cè)器主要的目的是為了確保船只的安全，因而對(duì)海洋的研究還是不夠的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.文章第一段和第二段主要描述的是海底生物的生存方式：深水生物依靠上層生物，有的生物食同類等。第三段講述了現(xiàn)在對(duì)海洋生物的研究，但是還不夠。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.單選題

AslongasHurstonremainssusceptibletowhatareessentiallypoliticaljudgments,herliteraryfortuneswillcontinuetofluctuatewiththetemperofthetimes.Criticismthatrestrictsitselftoideologymissesthebasicreasonthewriterisworthreadinginthefirstplace.HurstonbelongsamongtheAmericanclassicsnotbecauseofherpoliticsbutbecauseofherlanguage.Shewasatpainstodistinguishherselffromotherwriterswithclearlydefinedsocialandpoliticalagendas.Somewriters,Hurstoncharged,thinkthereisbraveryinwritingforthose“whowanttohearthesamethingoverandoveragaineventhoughtheyalreadyknowitbyheart....Itisthesamethingaswavingtheflaginapoorlyconstructedplay.”

Hurston’ssavingdistinctionwasherexquisitelysensitiveear.Shewassometimesoutoftune,aswhenshetriedtodevisemetaphorsthatwereself-consciouslyliterary(thereisabasininthemindwherewordsfloataround3’).Butwhenshedeployedcolloquialspeechandcelebrateditsabilitytomovebeyondmeredenotation,shewasaspectacularwriter,andthefarthestthingfromaflagwaver.When,forinstance,shedescribesaspeedingtrain,sheusesawordthatperfectlyconveysthesoundofthewheelsclickingoverthetrackjoints:it“schickalacked”overtherails.

Hurstonwasabrillianttranscriberofcolloquiallanguageandtelleroffolktales,butthesewereonlypartofherachievement.Whenwritinginherownvoice,sherenderstheworldinphrasesthatarepalpableandwonderfullyimmediate.Thisisawriterwhounderstoodthatspontaneousimage-makingisthemarkofalivinglanguage,thatasharedlanguageistheonlyconduitwehaveintotheinteriorlivesofotherpeople.

Hurston’srealsubject,andthisisthereasonherworkwillabide,wastheuniversaldisjunctionbetweenthelimitlesshumanimaginationandtheconstrictionswithinwhichallhumanbeingslive.ShehappenedtoknowbesthowtoexemplifythisthemebywritingaboutthelivesofBlackwomenintheAmericanSouth,whichinitselfiscauseforneitherpraisenorblame.Hurstonrejectedalltheconventionalcategories-race,class,gender-bywhichsomeofherlatestcriticsorganizeexperience.“Myinterestliesinwhatmakesamanorwomandosuch-and-so,regardlessof…color.”

1.Thepassageprimarilyconveystheauthor’s（

）.

2.Inline2,“temper”mostnearlymeans

（

）.

3.Hurstoncriticize“somewriters”(lines6-8)for

（

）.

4.Thesentencebeginning“shewassometimes...”(lines9-11)servesprimarilyto

（

）.

5.Intheunderlinedlines22-23(“she...blame”)，theauthormostdirectlyimpliesthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enthusiasmaboutHurston’ssocialactivism

B.amusementatthosewhomisunderstandHurston’sviews

C.skepticismaboutHuston’spermanenceasaliteraryicon

D.appreciationforHurston’sliterarytalents

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.courage

B.composure

C.mood

D.resiliency

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.relyingontheappealofpopularthemes

B.abandoningtheirwritingwhentheyencounterdifficultiesingettingpublished

C.shirkingpatrioticdutiesduringtimesofpersonalhardship

D.beingunwillingtowritewhatthepublicmostwantstoread

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.noteanexceptiontotheclaimmadeintheprevioussentence

B.provideanexampleofHurston'seffectiveuseofpoeticlanguage

C.emphasizetheauthor’scentralargumentaboutHurston’sstyle

D.revealalittle-knownaccomplishmentofHurston’s

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thecharactersinHurston'sfictionwereoftenmorecontroversialthattheirreal-lifecounterparts

B.toomuchshouldnotbemadeofHurston'schoiceofwhomtowriteabout

C.Hurstonfeltcompelledtoapologizeforwritingaboutwhatwasmostinterestingtoher

D.Hurston’speerscouldnotidentifywithhercharacters

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.考察作者意圖。文章第一段第三句HurstonbelongsamongtheAmericanclassicsnotbecauseofherpoliticsbutbecauseofherlanguage提到Hurston成為美國(guó)經(jīng)典不是因?yàn)樗恼蔚匚欢撬奈淖?，可以看出作者?duì)Hurston的文學(xué)才能是表示贊賞的，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.考察詞義。文章第一段第一句AslongasHurstonremainssusceptibletowhatareessentiallypoliticaljudgments,herliteraryfortuneswillcontinuetofluctuatewiththetemperofthetimes.提到Hurston的文學(xué)命運(yùn)隨著時(shí)代的“脾氣”不斷的起伏。選項(xiàng)C中的mood與之相近，符合題意。

3.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。文章第一段Somewriters,Hurstoncharged,thinkthereisbraveryinwritingforthose“whowanttohearthesamethingoverandoveragaineventhoughtheyalreadyknowitbyheart....Itisthesamethingaswavingtheflaginapoorlyconstructedplay.”提到Hurston認(rèn)為有些作家寫的內(nèi)容都是陳詞濫調(diào)，過分迎合大眾的口味，沒有新意。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.考察判斷推理。文章第二段第二句Shewassometimesoutoftune,aswhenshetriedtodevisemetaphorsthatwereself-consciouslyliterary(thereisabasininthemindwherewordsfloataround)提到了Hurston的寫作風(fēng)格，喜歡用暗喻的手法，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.考察判斷推理。文章最后一段第二句話ShehappenedtoknowbesthowtoexemplifythisthemebywritingaboutthelivesofBlackwomenintheAmericanSouth,whichinitselfiscauseforneitherpraisenorblame提到Hurston碰巧最懂得如何通過描寫美國(guó)南部黑人婦女的生活來(lái)例證這一主題，而這本身既不值得贊揚(yáng)，也不應(yīng)該受到指責(zé)。由此可知作者認(rèn)為沒有必要將注意力過多放在Hurston寫的人物身上。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.單選題

Ifwouldbedifficultforoneso（）tobeledtobelievethatallmenareequalandthatwemustdisregardrace,color,andcreed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emotional

B.broadminded

C.tolerant

D.intolerant

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。emotional“感情的”；broadminded“愿意聽取不同意見的”；tolerant“忍耐的”；intolerant“不能容忍的，偏狹的”。句意：很難讓偏狹的人相信眾人是平等的，我們拒絕種族、膚色、宗教。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

Thebasicfunctionofmoneyistheenablebuyingtobeseparatedfromselling,thuspermittingtradetotakeplacewithoutthesocalleddoublecoincidenceofbarter.Ifapersonhassomethingtosellandwantssomethingelse（1）return,itisnotnecessarytosearchforsomeoneableand

（2）

tomakethedesiredexchangeofitems.Thepersoncansellthe

（3）

itemforgeneralpurchasingpower-thatis"money"—toanyonewhowantstobuyitandthenusetheproceedstobuythedesireditemRomanyonewhowantstosellit.

Theimportanceofthisfunctionofmoneyis

（4）

illustratedbytheexperienceofGermanyjustafterWorldWarII,

（5）

papermoneywas

（6）

largelyuselessbecause,despiteinflationaryconditions,pricecontrolswereeffectively

（7）

bytheAmerican,French,andBritisharmiesofoccupation.Peoplehadto

（8）

tobarterortoinefficientmoneysubstitutes.Theresultwastocuttotaloutputoftheeconomyinhalf.TheGerman"economicmiracle"justafter1948reflectedpartlyacurrencyreformbytheoccupationauthorities,

（9）

someeconomistsholdthatitstemmedprimarilyfromtheGermangovernment's

（10）

ofallpricecontrols.（11）

permittingamoneyeconomyto

（12）

abartereconomy.

（13）

oftheactofsalefromtheactofpurchase

（14）

thee