論環(huán)境和社會(huì)制度對(duì)人的行為和品格的影響-以《霧都孤兒》中南希的形象分析為例學(xué)位論文

TheInfluenceoftheEnvironmentandSocialInstitutiononHuman’sCharacterandBehavior——AnalysisofNancy’sCharacterinOliverTwistPAGEPAGE13TheInfluenceoftheEnvironmentandSocialInstitutiononHuman’sCharacterandBehavior——AnalysisofNancy’sCharacterinOliverTwist摘要狄更斯的作品《霧都孤兒》在世界文學(xué)史上具有及其重要的地位，眾多學(xué)者都認(rèn)為此部作品中刻畫最成功的人物是南希。此部小說是以資本主義社會(huì)為背景的，描寫了社會(huì)的黑暗和貧苦兒童的悲慘生活。本文主要分析了南希的形象并剖析了她內(nèi)心深處的戀愛觀。南希是個(gè)心理復(fù)雜，性格多變的年輕女性。她原本是善良的，可是社會(huì)環(huán)境卻使她陷入賊窩而不能自拔，終究成了賊，但她還是向往純真的愛情，內(nèi)心還時(shí)時(shí)流露出善良的一面。本文主要通過分析《霧都孤兒》中南希這個(gè)人物性格的轉(zhuǎn)變、形成過程，進(jìn)而探討社會(huì)環(huán)境和社會(huì)制度對(duì)人的行為和品格形成的影響。關(guān)鍵詞：南希；形象分析；社會(huì)環(huán)境；社會(huì)制度TableofContentsTOC\o"1-3"\f\h\z\uAbstract i摘要 ii1.Introduction 12.CharlesDickensandhisOliverTwist 22.1ABriefIntroductiontoCharlesDickens 22.2ABriefIntroductiontoCharlesDickens’Works 32.3ABriefIntroductiontoNancy 33.TheEffectofEnvironmentandInstitutiononNancy’sCharacter 43.1TheInfluenceofEnvironmentonNancy’sValues 43.1.1Nancy’sunfortunatefateofbeingforcedtobeathief 43.1.2Nancy’sfalselovetoSikes 43.1.3Nancy’sdetestationtothedenofthieves 53.2HerConscienceandtheDenoftheThieves 53.2.1Nancy’sRisktoUncovertheParentageofOliver 64.TheEnvironmentandtheSocialSystemandNancy’sLibertyandChoices 74.1TheInfluenceoftheEnvironmentonNancy’sLibertyandChoices 74.2TheInfluenceofDifferentBackgroundonDifferentPeople’sLove 74.2.1Nancy’sBlindMiserableLovetoSikes 74.2.2TheLoveofMr.BrownlowandMrs.MaylieandtheirFamily 85.TheInspirationofNancy’sBitterExperiencetoReaders 105.1ADescriptionofNancyintheDenofThieves,theReflectionoftheEviloftheCapitalistSystem 105.1.1ProfoundReflectionoftheDarknessofSocialRealityatThatTime 105.1.2ReflectionofthePeople’sHardLifeundertheCapitalistSystem 105.2TheConfrontationbetweentheJusticeandtheEvil 105.3TheRewardoftheKindheartedPeople 116.Conclusion 12References 13Acknowledgements 141.IntroductionCharlesDickenswasagreatfamousBritishnovelistandarepresentativeofrealismwithhisnovelsvividlyreflectingtherealitiesofthe19thcenturyinBritishsociety.The‘OliverTwist’wasoneofhismasterpieces,whichdescribeslowersocial-classpeople’slifeconditionsinLondon,especiallythethieves’evillife.Amongthecharactersinthenovel,Nancyisnotanimportantone,butsheisdifferentfromotherthievesinthegroup.Althoughshelivesaneviltheftlife,NancyiskindheartedtotheboyOliverTwist,whichisworthdiscussing.ThereisaconflictbetweenNancy’sbehaviorsandhercomplexinnerworld,oritisfullofgoodandevilconflict.Nowadays,manyscholarsinourcountryhavemaderesearchanddiscussionaboutNancyin‘OliverTwist’.However,mostofthemjustmaderesearchanddiscussionabouthergeneralcharacter,suchasthecontradictionandcomplexityofhertheftevilsandkindheartedness.However,whathascausedhertoliveasawomanthiefwithadifferentcharacterfromotherthieves?InordertoexploredeeplythechangeandformationofNancy’scharacter,thediscussionandanalysisofNancyshouldbefurtherandthorough.ThewriterthinksthecontradictionandcomplexityofNancy’stheftevilsandkindheartednessisduetonothingbuttheeffectofthesocialsurroundingsandcapitalistsystemthatshelivesin.Therefore,itisnecessaryandsignificantforustoexploretheinfluenceofsocialsystemandthesurroundingsonthebehaviorsandcharactersofhumanbeings.Onlybysodoing,canwereadersunderstandandappreciatetherespectivecharactersinthenovelinadifferentangle.2.CharlesDickensandhisOliverTwist2.1ABriefIntroductiontoCharlesDickensCharlesDickens(18121870)wasthemostpopularBritishnovelistoftheVictorianperiod,andmanyofhisnovelswereverypopularbecauseheadvocatedinhisworksthe\o"Reformmovement"socialchangeandreform.HewasconsideredoneofthebestEnglishnovelistsofthe19thcentury.Asaconsciouswriterathistime,hecreatedmanyliteraryworksexposingthewretchednessofthedowntrodden,expressinghisangerattheheartlessoppression.AlthoughDickenswasbaptizedandrearedinaChurchofEngland,hewasanominalAnglicanforhiswholelife.HeassociatedhimselfwithReligionuntiltheendofhislife.EarlyexperiencewithDissentersgavehimalifelongaversiontoevangelicalzeal,doctrinaldisputationandsectarianism.EquallyunsympatheticwithHighChurchAnglicanism,hefearedthattheOxfordmovementmightleadEnglandbacktoRomanCatholicism.Hebegantoworkasasolicitor’sclerk.Intheevenings,hetaughthimselfshorthand,whichhelpedhimtoworkasareporter.First,heworkedinDoctors’Commonslawcourtsfrom1829to1831,andthensteno-graphedvariousparliamentarydebatesforLondonnewspapersfrom1832to1834.In1834,Dickensbegantopublishhumorousandsatiricalessaysinmagazineswiththepseudonym‘Boz,’andsomeofthesewerecollectedandpublishedinhisfirstbookSketchesin1836.Inwritinghisreports,heaccumulatedalotofcreationexperience.In1858,thecritic,WalterBagehot,calledhim‘a(chǎn)specialcorrespondentforposterity’.Inhiscreation,heintendedtoexposeandcriticizewhathehadseenallaroundhimaboutthepoverty,injustice,hypocrisyandcorruptness.Heexperiencedtheoppressionwhenhewasveryyoung.Inhisteens,hehadtoendhisschooleducation,andworkedinafactory,whichhelpedDickenstocreatehisgood,bad,andcomiccharacters.Forexample,thecruelmiserScrooge,theaspiringDavidCopperfield,andthetrustingandinnocentMr.Pickwick,havefascinatedgenerationsofreaders.CharlesDickenswasborninthesuburbsofPortsmouthduringthenewindustrialage,inwhichthetheoriesofKarlMarxemerged.In1814,DickensmovedtoLondon,andthenmovedtoChatham,wherehereceivedsomeeducation.TheschoolmasterWilliamGilesgavespecialattentiontoDickens,whomaderapidprogressatthattime.In1824,attheageof12,DickensworkedforseveralmonthsatablackingfactorycalledHungerfordMarketinLondon,whilehisfatherJohnwasinprisonbecauseofMarshaleddebt.Dickens’ssharpearforconversationhelpedhimtocreatecolorfulcharactersthroughtheirownwords.2.2ABriefIntroductiontoCharlesDickens’WorksDickensgrewupinpoverty,andthatexperiencewashelpfultohiscreationorwriting.Heknewwhattheirlifewaslikeabouttheorphans,urchins,rogues,shopkeepers,stuffedshirts,widows,andothercolorfulcharacterspulledfromthesootystreetsofLondon.CharlesDickenscreatedATaleofTwoCities,OliverTwist,GreatExpectations,andothersuccessfulnovelsin19th-centuryofEngland.Asanall-aroundworkhorse,Dickensnotonlyeditedamonthlymagazine,butalsowrotenovels,publicreadings,andaChristmasstoryeveryyear.Hisnovelswereoftenpublishedfirstinserialform,sothathisinstallmentsarebywayofchapter-by-chaptermonthlyinmagazines.AmonghismajorworksareOliverTwist(completed1839),TheOldCuriosityShop(1841),DavidCopperfield(1850),thehistoricaldramaATaleofTwoCities(1859),andGreatExpectations(1861).2.3ABriefIntroductiontoNancyNancyisnotanimportantcharacterinthenovelOliverTwist.Althoughsheisathief,shekeepskindnessandjusticeinherheart.Itcansafelysayshelivesacontradictorylifeamongthieves,whichimpliesthatherlifeisrelevanttothequestionthatabadsurroundingsandcapitalistsystemcaninfluenceandpoisonsomeone’ssoulandcharacter.Asthestorydevelops,thedescriptionofNancy’scontradictorycharacterandpsychologyhasbecomeclearandvivid.AsachildinthestreetsofLondon,Nancyhasbeenathiefandalcoholicbinges.Thenarrator’sreferencetoherfree,agreeable,mannersandsoon,indicatesthatsheisaprostitute.Sheisimmersedinthevicesowingtotheevilenvironmentandthecapitalistsocietyshelivesin,butshekeepsthenoblestsenseinhermind.Forexample,shesacrificesherownlifeinordertoprotectthelittleOliverTwist.Nancy’smoralcomplexityisuniqueamongthemajorcharactersinOliverTwist.AlmostthetheftcharactersinthenovelarenothingbutevilssuchasFagin,Sikes,andMonks,butonlyNancycandobothevilsandgood,whichiscontradictorytoherlife.Herinnerinstinctpromptshertodosomethinggood,becauseshestillhasthebasicconsciencetopeople.Nancy’sloveforSikesexemplifiesaswellthemoralcontradictionandambiguityofhercharacter.ShepointsouttoRosethatdevotiontoamancanbe‘a(chǎn)comfortandapride’undertherightcircumstances.Nevertheless,forNancy,suchdevotionisanewmeansofviolenceandsuffering—indeed,herrelationshipwithSikesleadshertocriminalactsforhisinterestsandeventuallytoherowndemise.Thesamebehavior,indifferentcircumstances,canhavedifferentconsequencesandmoralsignificance.InOliverTwist,moralityandnobilityareblack-and-whiteissues,butNancy’scharactersuggeststhattheboundarybetweenvirtueandviceisnotalwaysclearlydrawn.3.TheEffectofEnvironmentandInstitutiononNancy’sCharacter3.1TheInfluenceofEnvironmentonNancy’sValues3.1.1Nancy’sunfortunatefateofbeingforcedAboutNancy’sorigin,theauthordoesnottellindetail.Accordingtothenovel,shewasayoungfemalethiefagedaboutseventeenoreighteenwhensheappearedthefirsttimeinthestory.Sikes,thethief,forciblyoccupiedher,andhadhertobehismistress,whichrevealedshecoulddonothingbutbeathief.Nancywasborninhumblesurroundings.Facingthecruelreality,shecoulddonothingbuttheevilthings.Sherealizedunderthemiserablecircumstances,onlytheftcouldsurviveher.Unfortunately,shewascontrolled,andworkedasawomanwealth-producingtoolforFagin.Thatiswhy,inherheart,shehadhatredforthesocietyandthetheftdencontrolledbyFagin.Atthesametime,shehadsympathyforlittleOliverTwist,andevenscarifiedherlifetoprotectandsavethelittleboy.3.1.2Nancy’sfalselovetoSikesAtfirst,NancylovedherhusbandSikes,butlatersherealizedherloveforhimwasnotsatisfactorybecauseSikesrefusedtochangehisgreedynatureandhisevilcareer.Howshedreamedtobecomeanormalwomanandhavearomanticlovetoamanwithdignity!Unfortunately,herlovewithSikescouldnotchangeherfate,andthatwasnotarealloveatalltoNancy.Inaddition,Nancy’slifeconditionwasmiserable.Whenshewasborn,shehadtofacethewickedsocietyandtheworseenvironmentthatdeterminedherfate.First,shewasforcedtobeaprostitute,andlatershebecameawomanthiefandthemistressofSikes.Suchlifeexperienceofhersdecidedthatshewasdifferentfromotherthieves,andsometimesshehadsympathyforthefeebleOliverTwist.Unfortunately,thewickedsocietyandworseenvironmentpreventedherfromrunningawayfromthesinfullife.Justasshesaid,‘foronereason,thattheladyknowsandwillstandbymein,Iknowshewill,forIhaveherpromise;andforthisotherreason,besides,that,badlifeashehasled,Ihaveledabadlifetoo;therearemanyofuswhohavekeptthesamecoursestogether,andIwillnotturnuponthem,whomight—anyofthem—haveturneduponmebutdidnot,badastheybare.’(CharlesDickens,2009:431)Althoughshesawtheuglythings,hadnorealloveforSikes,andexperiencedthetreacherous,fierce,cruel,mercilessandinhumanlife,shewasnotreluctanttoleavethedenofthethieves.ThatiswhyshewouldnotlistentoMr.Brownlow,Mrs.Maylie,andMr.Brookewhentheyadvisedhertoleavethethieves,andtoliveanordinarylife.3.1.3Nancy’sdetestationtothedenofthieveTheheadofthethievesnotonlyabettedhispartnerstobecrueltoothers,butalsomadesomechildrendopickpockets.Eventheworse,hedidhisutmosttoteachortrainthosechildrenhowtosteal.Forexample,heandhisgangsforcedOliverTwisttobeaskillfulpickpocket,andplannedtostealarichfamily.ThatgangofthievesusedtochooseOliverastheirassistant.Eventually,thechieftainofthethieveswasexecutedbecauseofhiscruelty.Thecapitalistsocietywasfullofdecayandgreed.Undersuchasocialcondition,howcouldNancymakeherselfgood?ThatiswhyNancylivedacontradictorylife.Inonehand,shedidmanyevilthings,andintheother,shewaskindheartedtopeopleandrebellioustothesociety.WhatstrikesusisthatshesacrificedherlifetosaveOliver.Inherbosom,shedidnotlikeFaginwhowasmerciless,butshehadtohelpFaginkidnapOliver.Shedetestedthedenofthethieves,thesocietyanditssystem,butshecouldnotbreakawayfromanyofthem.Whatinfluencedidtheenvironmentandsocialinstitutionimposeonher!3.2HerConscienceandtheDenoftheThievesNancy’scomplexcharacterwasuniquecomparedtootherthieves’charactersinOliverTwist.JusttakeforexampleherriskofhelpingOliver,itshowsshestillkeepsherownhumannatureinherheart.Althoughshewasathief,andcouldnotgetridofherevilnature,thesenseofjusticeinherheartsometimesencourageshertoriskfightingthedarksocietyandthegreedofthieves.Shehasahatredofwickedness,yearnsfortruelove,andwantstobeacommonwoman,butoftenhelpsherhusbandkidnapOliverTwist,anddosomeevilthings.However,shelatertriesherbesttohelpOlivertobreakawayfromthedenofthieves.Apparentlyitlookslikeverycontradictoryinhercharacter,butitisveryrealistic,becausesometimesaperson’sthoughtiscomplexorcomplicated.InAuthor’screationangle,Nancywasanegativecharacter.ShebetrayedhergangtohelpOliver.ThiswasarightandjustactiontoOliver,butitwasabetrayaltothetheftgroup.ShewenttovisitRoseMaylie,andtoldheraboutFagin’strick.SheaskedRosetopromisenottotakeadvantageoftheinformationtothreatenFagin,Sikes,oranyothermembersofthegang.Inaword,shedidnotwantanyofthemtobearrested.ShebeggedMr.BrownlowandMissRosetoensurethatnoneofhercontactwiththemwouldgetintotroubleaboutherhelpingOliverrunawayfromthedenofthethieves.3.2.1Nancy’sRisktoUncovertheParentageofOliverSikesbeatNancytodeathbecausehethoughtthatshehadinformedofotherpeopleabouthistrick,butthetruthwasthatshetriedtokeepSikesfrominvolvingintheevilthingtoensurehiminsafety.Nancy’spurposewastohelpOliverrunawayfromthedenofthethievesandprotectSikesevenattheriskofherlife.NancygaveagreatdealofmotherlyaffectionandpitiestoOliver,andtriedherefforttopreventhimfrombeingkidnappedthesecondtime.ShehelpedOliversuccessfullyfindasafetyplace,theMayliefamily,whereSikescouldnotintrude.ShegaveRoseMaylieandMr.BrownlowtheinformationaboutOliver’sevilhalf-brotherMonks,whowasinleaguewithFagin.However,sheunconsciouslydisclosedthattoSikes,whichcausedFagintosendNoahClaypoletospyitout.WhenthespyreportedtoFaginwhatheheardandsaw,Faginwasfearful,madandangrywithwhatNancyhaddone.HedecidedNancyshouldbemurderedsothathisgangcouldbesafer.4.TheEnvironmentandtheSocialSystemandNancy’sLibertyandChoices4.1TheInfluenceoftheEnvironmentonNancy’sLibertyandChoicesNancywasafemalethief,buthermiserableandtragicfateoftenarousedhertohaveconscienceinherheart.Forinstance,eventhoughshelovedSikes,shestillresolvedtobetrayhim,andtriedherbesttohelpOliverescapefromthehellishlifewithoutconsideringanydangerthatshewouldbecaughtandanyfearthatshewouldbepunished.SheknewifOlivercouldnotescapefromthedenofthieves,hewouldbeinthecontrolofSikesforhiswholelife.Shealsoknewifherplanwasunsuccessfulshewouldbekilled.Ontheotherhand,shehatedthebehaviorsoftheft,butshecouldnotrunaway,andhadtoliveinthedenofthethieves.Actually,Nancyhadmanyopportunitiestoescapefromthedirtyworld,butshegaveup,andfinallywaskilled.ItisclearNancywasavictimofthecapitalistsystem,becausetheshackleofthesocialsystemdeprivedofherliberty,freedom,andchoices.WhathappenedafterwardstoNancycouldbeagoodExplanation.NancyabhorredthoseevildeedsbutshethoughtshemustprotectOliver.Whenshewascaught,Nancysaidthat‘itismyliving;andthecold,wet,dirtystreetsaremyhome;andyou’rethewretchthatdrovemetothemlongago,andthatwillkeepmethere,dayandnight,dayandnight,tillIdie!’(CharlesDickens,2009:144)ThesearethewordsthatNancy,asawomanwithcontradictorymind,wantsthemtospareOliver,butFaginandSikesjustconsideredtrainingOlivertobeathief.Yieldedtothepainoffleshbythosegangsters,OliverwaschosenbyFagintogotostealinMaylie’shouse.IthappenedOliverwasstuck,andinjuredbyMissMayliesothatthestealwasunsuccessful.ButFaginandSikestriedtogetOliverbacktothedenofthethieves.WhenNancyheardofthenews,shewenttovisitMissMaylieregardlessofherdangeroussituation.Thankstothemeeting,peopleunderstoodeverything.Consequently,FaginandSikeswerepunished,andeventuallyOliverstartedhisnewcomfortablelife,butitwasapitythatNancyendedhershortyounglife,andshediedinthehandsofherlover.4.2TheInfluenceofDifferentBackgroundonDifferentPeople’sLove4.2.1Nancy’sBlindMiserableLovetoInhisbook,Dickensdepictedagroupofyoungwomenwithcomplexpsychologyandmiserablelifesothatnobodyknewtheirstoryandnobodyhadanysympathyfortheirchildhood.Nancywasoneofthem.Herbackgroundwasverybad,soshewasforcedtobeathief.Ofcourse,shecouldnevermeetanygoodmaninherlife.Quitequickly,shewasassimilatedintotherobbergroupofSikeswhowasoneofthechieftainsofthieves.Theydependedontheftforitslivelihood.WhenshemetMr.BrownlowandtheMrs.Maylie,shefounditwastoolatetoturnherselfnewleaf.Sikeswasacruelmalethief.AlthoughNancylovedhimverymuch,hewasindifferenttoher,andevenoftenbeather.Afterwards,evenRoseagainandagainaskedtohelpNancyescapefromthedenofthethieves,Nancygaveupmanyopportunitiestodothat,becauseshecouldnotgetawayfromSikes.Justasshesaid,‘Imustgoback,because—howcanItellsuchthingstoaninnocentladylikeyou?—becauseamongthemenIhavetoldyouof,thereisone—themostdesperateamongthemall—thatIcannotleave;no,noteventobesavedfromthelifeIamleadingnow.’(CharlesDickens,2009:373-374)ItindicatedthatherlovetoSikeswasblindinitially,andwouldbeeventuallyamiserableend.Theafterwardeventverifiedthat.WhenhegottoknowNancyhelpedOlivertorunawaysuccessfully,Sikesfranticallyranbackhome,hadthedoorlocked,grabbedNancy’sheadandneck,draggedhertothemiddleoftheroom,slappedNancyatherface,seizedaheavystick,andbeatherrepeatedly.HewassoferociousthathedidnotconsideratallthatNancywashislover.Hewouldhaveventedhishatredtohavekilledher.4.2.2TheLoveofMr.BrownlowandMrs.MaylieandtheirFamilyMr.BrownlowandtheMrs.Maylie’sfamilybelongedtothepettybourgeoisie.Theyhadagoodeducationsotheybehavedwithdecorum.Theywerealldocile,andhadqualityoffraternity.Initially,theyregardedOliverathief.WhenOliverwenttostealhim,hefeltgreatfearinthecourt.Ashewasinapoorstateofhealth,hefainted.‘Poorboy,poorboy!’‘Callacoach,somebody,pray.Directly!’(CharlesDickens,2009:93)Mr.Brownlowcried.HebroughtOliverintotheirhomeandtookcareofhimjustlikehischild.ThedoctorsaidtoOliverthatMr.Brownlowcametoseehimthismorningeventhoughhewasinmuchfatigue.ThedoctoralsosaidtoBrownlow,ifyoulookafterhimbetter,hewillbeverysoonrecovered.FromtheabovewecanseethekindnessofMr.Brownlow.InordertofindoutOliver’sbackgroundorstory,Mr.Brownlowpersonallycollectedmanyusefuldocumentsandevidences.WithMr.Brownlow’shelp,Oliverknewwhohisparentwasandwhoinheritedhisfather’sproperty.Mr.BrownlowadoptedOliverandgavehimawarmandhappyfamily.Hesaidthatevenifthekidhaddonesomethingwrongbuthewasstillyoung.Afterall,lackofmotherlylovemayberesultinhiscarelesslymakingfriends.Secondly,whenNancyrevealedthesecretofOliver,Mr.Brownlow,expressedhisgreatsympathyforOliver.Atthesametime,Mr.BrownlowinitiatedhishelptoNancyeither.HetriedhisbesttoeasethepainofNancy,andevenadvisedNancynevertogobackagaintothedenofthethieves,andpromisedtogivehersomemoney.Nancycouldhavebeensenttostudyaboardifshewantedto,andshecouldhavehadanewenvironmentthereandstartedafresh.However,Nancy’sfatewaspathetic,andherlifewasthesameasherfate,becauseshewasanorphan.Throughherlifeinthedenofthieves,Nancywitnessedtheevilsofsocietyandthedespicablehumannature.Sheenviedthepeoplewhohadgoodeducationandsheknewthatherspecialstatushaddecidedshecouldnotexpectanyhappinessinherlife.ShefeltconfusedwhenMr.BrownlowandtheMrs.Maylieadvisedhertoleavethedenofthieves,andbecomeanormalwomanwithawarmfamily.Althoughsheyearnedforthiswayoflife,sherefusedtheirkindnesses.DickensdepictedNancy’sinnerconflictaswellastheinfluenceofcruelnessofthesocialsystem.Thenovelgavealivelydescriptionoftheferociousthieves’cruelactionsanddeedstoorphansandthesecretfearfulgimmickinthecourtyardoftheevilgroup.Atthesametime,itrevealedthepovertyslum,thedenofthethieves,andthenastycapitalistsocietyinLondon.5.TheInspirationofNancy’sBitterExperiencetoReaders5.1ADescriptionofNancyintheDenofThieves,theReflectionoftheEviloftheCapitalistSystem5.1.1ProfoundReflectionoftheDarknessofSocialRealityatThatTimeThenovel’splotissointricateandthrillingthatitreflectsthecrueltyofthedarksocietyandthemankind’scomplexityandauthenticity.Inaddition,thisnovelhasalsoportrayedNancy’sinnerworldthatishelpless,anger,andcontradictions.Throughoutthenovel,DickensusesNancy’scharactertochallengetheVictorianideathatpaupersandcriminalsareevilsatbirth.Infact,mostofpeoplewouldratherbelievethatacorruptenvironmentandthecapitalistsocietyisthesourceofvices.Inaddition,thepeopleabominatethepoor,butthepovertysometimescanencouragethemtodorevolution.Theyneverfeltshamefulfortheirownbehaviors.Maybethesocialrealityisthenatureofcruelties,andmadethepeoplebecomeruthless.Onlyafewpeoplewhohavebraveheartsmadeussurprised.Unfortunately,theystillcouldnotescapefromthetragicfateexceptdead,justlikeNancy.5.1.2ReflectionofthePeople’sHardLifeundertheCapitalistSystemUsually,thepoorpeopleandtheorphanstendtostriveforabetterlife.Butinthecapitalistsociety,someofthem,inordertosurvive,hasnowayout,andwereforcedtobethieves.OliverTwistandNancywerethetypicalofthem.Theywereorphans,andwereabandonedwhentheywereborninthedarkandwickedsociety.Whentheywerechildren,theyhadnochancetoreceiveanyeducation,andlivedapoormiserablelife.Butinsomeextent,Oliverwaseventuallyfortunate,becausehereceivednewblessingsandlovefromothers,suchasMr.BrownlowandtheMrs.Maylie’sfamily.Ontheotherhand,theauthorrevealedtheuglypovertyslumofLondonandcriticizedthewickedcapitalistsystemthatcausedOliverandNancytoliveamiserableandtragiclife.5.2TheConfrontationbetweentheJusticeandtheEvilThenovelhasdisplayedtheconfrontationbetweenthejusticeandtheevil,butintheend,theforcesofjusticehaveeventuallydefeatedtheevil.Nancyisthetypicalcharacterwiththenatureofbothjusticeandtheevilsinherheart.Thetwonaturesareofteninconflict,buteventuallyherjusticehasprevailedovertheevil.Thankstotheprevalenceofherjusticeoverherevils,canOliverbesavedsuccessfullyandliveahappylife.Whatismore,herconscienceandkindnessarealsoimportant.IfshefailedtoregretforherkidnappingOliverandtryherbesttosavehim,shewouldbestillanevilwoman,andwouldbecursedandcondemnedjustlikeSikesandFaginwhensheisdead.Soherconscienceshouldnotbeendefiled,andherkindnessshouldnotbeneglected.ItisshewhoadvisesSikesthatitisnevertoolatetorepentwhatevilthingshehasdoneandtrytostartanewleaf.Usuallyabookisareflectionofthewriter’sideaandconceptinhistime,soDickens’novel,OliverTwist,was